some common greek and latin roots

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1 Some common Greek and Latin roots Yuyuhua Spring 2003

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Some common Greek and Latin roots. Yuyuhua Spring 2003. astronomy 天文學. aster, astr --S tar. Astrology. 占星術. Audible 可聽見的 , 聽得見的. audi –to hear. Auditorium. 聽眾席 , 觀眾席. Benefit 利益 , 好處 , 優勢. Bene(L) –good, well. Benevolent. 仁慈的 , 厚道的 , 有愛心的. Biology 生物學. Bio(G) --life. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Some common Greek and Latin roots

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Some common Greek and Latin roots

Yuyuhua

Spring 2003

Page 2: Some common Greek and Latin roots

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Root Meaning English words

aster, astr (G) Star astronomy,

Astrology

audi (L) To hear audible

Auditorium

bene(L) Good, well benefit

benevolent

bio(G) Life biology

autobiography

dic, dict (L) To speak dictionary

dictator

fer(L) To carry transfer, referral

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astronomy 天文學

• aster, astr --Star

Astrology 占星術

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Audible 可聽見的 , 聽得見的

• audi –to hear

Auditorium 聽眾席 , 觀眾席

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Benefit 利益 , 好處 , 優勢

• Bene(L) –good, well

Benevolent

仁慈的 , 厚道的 , 有愛心的

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Biology 生物學

• Bio(G) --life

Autobiography

自傳

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Dictionary 字典

• dic,dict –to speak

dictator

獨裁者

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Transfer 轉移 , 調任

• fer(L)–to carry

referral

提及 , 參考

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Root Meaning English words

Fix(L) To fasten Fix, suffix affix

Geo(G) Earth Geography, geology

Graph(G) To write Graphic, Photography

Jur, just (L) Law Jury, justice

Log, logue(G) Word, thought, speech

Monologue, astrology, biology, neologism

Luc(L) Light Lucid, translucent

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Fix 固定

• fix(L)–to fasten

suffix

字尾

affix

貼上 , 把…固定

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Geography 地理學

• geo(G)–earth

geology

地質學

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Graphic 寫實的 , 生動的

• graph(G)–to write

photography

照相術 , 攝影術

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Jury 陪審團

• jur, just(L)–law

justice

正義 , 公平 , 合法

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monolog

• fer(L)–to carry

referral

提及 , 參考

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Lucid 明晰的

• luc(L)–light

translucent

半透明的

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Manual 手的 , 手冊

• manu(L)–hand

manuscript

手稿 , 草稿

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Metric 公尺的 , 公制的

• meter,metr(G)–measure

thermometer

溫度計

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Operation 操作 , 運轉

• op, oper(L)–work

operator

操作員

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Pathetic 可憐的

• path(G)–feeling

Sympathy 同情心

Empathy 移情

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Pediatrics 小兒科

• ped(G)–child

pedophile

有戀童癖的人

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Philosophy 哲學

• phil(G)–love

Anglophile

親英派的人

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Physical 身體的

• phys(G)–body, nature

Physics

物理學

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Scribble 潦草地寫

• scrib, script(L)–to write

manuscript

手稿 , 原稿

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telephone

• tele(G)–far off

television

電視

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Territory 領土 , 版圖

• ter, terr(L)–earth

extraterrestrial

地球之外的 , 地球大氣層以外 ( 空間 )的 ; 外星的

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Vacant 空的 , 空白的

• vac(L)–empty

Vacuum 真空

evacuate 撤空 , 撤退

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Verbal 言詞上的

• verb(L)–word

verbose

囉唆的 , 冗長的

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video 視訊的 , 電視的 , 錄影的

• vid,vis(L)–to see

vision 視覺 , 視力

television 電視

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Prefixes showing quantity表量的字首

Halg Semi- hemi-

One Uni- mon- mono-

Two Bi- di-

Hundred Cent-

Thousand Milli- kilo-

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half

• Semiannual 半年一次的 , 一年兩次的 ;( 植物等 )半年生的 , 持續半年的

• hemisphere 大 [ 小 ] 腦半球 ;( 地球、天體的 ) 半球 ; 半球上的居民 [ 國家 ]; 半球地圖 ;( 活動、思考

等的 ) 範圍 • 《例句》

• on the Eastern [Northern] Hemisphere 在東[ 北 ] 半球 .

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one

• Unicycle( 雜技演員用的 ) 單輪車

• Monarchy 君主制 , 君主政治 [ 政體 ]; 君主國

• monorail 單軌 ; 單軌鐵路

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two

• Binary 二元的 , 二進的

• Bimonthly 兩月一次的 [ 地 ], 隔月的 [ 地 ]

• Dilemma( 進退兩難的 ) 困境 • 《例句》

– be in a dilemma 陷入進退不得 [ 左右為難 ] 的境地 .

• dichotomy 二分 , 分成二類 [ 二組 ];( 意見等的 ) 相違 ; 分歧 ;分裂

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hundred

• Century 一世紀 , 百年

• Centimeter 公分 , 厘米 ( =1/100 meter; 符號 cm )

• hectoliter 一百公升 ( =100 liters; 符號 hectol. )

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thousand

• Millimeter 公釐 ( =1/1000 meter; 符號 mm )

• kilometer 公里 ( =1000 meters; 符號 km )

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Prefixes showing negation表否定字首

Without, no, not A- i( 重複第一字母 ) - un-

Not, absence of, opposing, against

Non- ant- anti- contra-

Opposite to, complement to

Counter-

Do the opposite of, remove, reduce

De-

Do the opposite of, deprive

Dis-

Wrongly, bad Mis-

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Without, no, not• asexual 無性的 ; 無性生殖的

• anonymous 無名的 ; 匿名的

• illegal• immoral• invalid• irreverent• unskilled

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Not, absence of, opposing, against

Non-, anti-, con-

• Nonbreakable 不破的 • Antacid 中和酸的 , 解酸的 • Antipathy I have an antipathy to [against] snakes. 我生來

就厭惡蛇 . • Contradict contradict oneself 自相矛盾 .

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Opposite to, complement to

• Counter-

• Counterclockwise 逆時針方向的 [ 地 ], 反轉的 [ 地 ]

《例句》

– a counterclockwise rotation 逆時針方向旋轉 .

• counterweight

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Do the opposite of, remove, reduce, do the opposite of, deprive

of

• DIS-

• Disestablish 廢除 ( 制度、習俗等 ); 免去…的官職 ; 廢除 ( 國會的 ) 國教制

• disarm 解除武裝 ; 裁減軍備

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

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Wrongly, bad

• Mis-

• Misjudge 判斷錯誤 • Misdeed 不當行為 ;罪行 ,犯罪

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Prefixes showing time表 “時間” 的字首 before Ante- fore- pre- pro-

after Post-

Again Re-

Above, over Super-

Across, over Trans-

Below, under

Infra- sub- hypo-

In front of Pro- pre-

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Prefixes showing time表 “時間” 的字首

Behind Re-

Out of Er- ex- ec-

Into In- im- en- em-

Around circum- peri-

With Co- sym- syn-

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before

• Ante-, fore-,pre-,pro

• Antecedent adj. 在前的 ; 在先的• Forecast v/n 預測 ;預報• Precede vi 領先• Prologue n.開場白 ; 序幕

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after

• Post-

• postwar

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again

• Re-

• Rewrite

• redundant

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Above, over

• Super-,

• Supervise監督 ,指導 ,管理 • supererogatory 職責以外的 ;多餘的 ,畫蛇添足的

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Across, over

• Trans-

• Transport 運輸 , 運送 ,搬運

• translate翻譯

2. ( 言語、詩等 )能翻譯

3. (飛機等 ) 移動

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Below, under

• Infra-, sub-, hypo

• infrasonic頻率低於聽覺範圍的 , 次聲的 • Infrastructure基礎結構 • Subterranean 地下的 , 地中的 ( subaerial ) 《例句》

-subterranean water 地下水 – a subterranean maneuver 地下工作 .

• Hypodermic皮下的 ;皮下注射用的

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In front of

• Pro-, pre-

• Proceed前進 ,行進 • prefix 字首

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Behind

• Re-

• recede 退 ,後退 ,遠去

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Out of

• Erupt(火山灰、間歇泉等 )噴出 ;(火山 )爆發 ,噴發 ;(牙 ) 長出 ,冒出 ;(皮膚 )出疹 ,(疹子 )迸發 ;(暴動 ,衝突 ,危機 )爆發

• Explicit 明示的 , 明確的 , 明白的 ;坦率的 ,直言不諱的 ; 明顯的 , 不隱藏的

• ecstasy強烈的感情 ,激昂的情緒 ,忘我的境界 狂喜 ; 入迷

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into

• Injection注射• Immerse vt 使浸沒• Encourage vt 鼓勵• Empower vt 授權 ; 准許

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around

• Circumnavigate vt 繞一圈• Perimeter n. 圓周

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with

• Coexist vi.共存• Colloquy n. 談話 ; 討論• Communicate vi 交往 vt. 傳播• Consequence n 結果• Correspond vi. 符合 ; 一致• Sympathy n. 同情心• Synchronize vi. 同時發生

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Suffixes 英文字尾名詞字尾 -ence, -ance, -or, -er, -ment,-list,-ism,-s

hip, -ency, -sion,-tion,-ness,-hood, -dom

動詞字尾 :-en, -ify, -ize, -ate

形容詞字尾 -able,-ible,-al,-tial,-tic,-ly,-ful,-ous, -tive, -less, -ish, -ulent

副詞字尾 -ly

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英文字根網站資源

• http://pirate.shu.edu/~cottereu/rootsof.htm

英文字根字典下載