archaeolo gy. archaeolog y is the study of the remains of past human life and cultures
TRANSCRIPT
Archaeology
Archaeology
Archaeology is the study of
the remains of
past human life
and cultures
Archaeology is the study of
the remains of
past human life
and cultures
Artifacts – things made
by people
Artifacts – things made
by peopleArtWeaponsToolsPotteryTablets
ArtWeaponsToolsPotteryTablets
ExcavationExcavation•To study archeological remains, archeologists must excavate
•Excavate – dig into the earth to uncover remains of the past
•To study archeological remains, archeologists must excavate
•Excavate – dig into the earth to uncover remains of the past
Archaeological
Finds
Archaeological
Finds
17001700•Italian farmers discovered they were living on ancient Roman city of Herculaneum
•Led to discovery of Pompeii (50 years later)
•Italian farmers discovered they were living on ancient Roman city of Herculaneum
•Led to discovery of Pompeii (50 years later)
Ancient City of Herculaneum
This photo gives an idea of the extent of the excavations, which cover only about 1/4 of the original town. In the distance can be seen the present-day town of Ercolano which has been built on the volcanic
material which covered the Roman town.
This photo gives an idea of the extent of the excavations, which cover only about 1/4 of the original town. In the distance can be seen the present-day town of Ercolano which has been built on the volcanic
material which covered the Roman town.
This metal bath tub shows how little the design of bathtubs has changed in over
2000 years.
This picture shows the Roman equivalent of a fast food restaurant. The counter has several earthenware pots
fixed into it which would have contained hot food. Being earthenware, the pots would have helped conserve the
heat. The front step of the shop has a groove in which slid the concertina shutters that were shut when the shop
closed.
These columns show a common method
used by the Romans. Notice how the
columns have been painted.
Many of the buildings in Herculaneum have beautifully frescoes and mosaics
Painted on a wall is this price list (or perhaps it's a poster advertising the range of wines for sale).
The grey right hand wall of the excavation in this view of part of the back of the villa clearly shows the depth to which it was buried.
The strange object in the bottom of this pool in the men's baths is an early immersion heater. The circular piece in the
center was heated from below.
PompeiiPompeii
Pompeii: Near the forum, stands the Temple of Jupiter, chief of the Roman gods. Behind it is Mount Vesuvius.
The temple of CeresThe temple of Ceres
The Greek ekklesiasterion was the council meeting arena; seating around a circular arena -
nobody was at the front
The Greek ekklesiasterion was the council meeting arena; seating around a circular arena -
nobody was at the front
The Temple of Poseidon in the background; the temple of Hera in the foreground
The Temple of Poseidon in the background; the temple of Hera in the foreground
From the front of the
larger Temple of
Poseidon you can see the remains of the internal walls and columns.
Pompeii had several public performance spaces. This is the small theatre, or Odeon, which was a venue for musical events. Without efficient artificial lighting performances took place during the hours of daylight. The whole arena could be covered with a fabric roof to protect the audience from the hot sun (or the rain.
Pompeii had several public performance spaces. This is the small theatre, or Odeon, which was a venue for musical events. Without efficient artificial lighting performances took place during the hours of daylight. The whole arena could be covered with a fabric roof to protect the audience from the hot sun (or the rain.
The Basilica, or courthouse, in
Pompeii had been damaged in an
earthquake some years before the
eruption of 79 CE. It was being rebuilt by gangs of workmen. Each gang had their own column. They
had all reached about the same height when work was interrupted...
Pompeii was built on the side of a hill. Every house had a supply of piped water but there was no sewage system. Sewage and other household water was simply emptied into the street which were constantly running with water. The pedestrian walkways are high and each street had stepping stones to let people get across!
Deep ruts in the surface of the road show the result of many years of traffic. From the look of it the carts that used this street must have been built to a standard wheel span.
Flour mill - seen in one of the
bakery shops in Pompeii. Grain
was ground into flour when two slaves turned the top half,
capstan-style.
The large theatre in Pompeii is still occasionally used for performances today. The large theatre in Pompeii is still occasionally used for performances today.
Why is this important?Why is this important?
We learned how
ancient Romans lived!
We learned how
ancient Romans lived!
1799• French soldiers discovered the Rosetta Stone
• Discovered Rosetta Stone in Rosetta now called Rashid
• Created – 196 B.C.
Rashid
• Scholars had not been able to decipher Egyptian writings
• Stone was written in Greek and Egyptian
• Scholars were able to use the Greek writing to translate the Egyptian
• Gained information about ancient Egyptians
• Scholars had not been able to decipher Egyptian writings
• Stone was written in Greek and Egyptian
• Scholars were able to use the Greek writing to translate the Egyptian
• Gained information about ancient Egyptians
Why is this important?Why is this important?
•Primary•Secondary
•Primary•Secondary
Types of SourcesTypes of Sources
• An account of an event created by someone who took part in or witnesses the event
• Treaties, letters, diaries, laws, court documents, royal commands, audio/video recordings
• An account of an event created by someone who took part in or witnesses the event
• Treaties, letters, diaries, laws, court documents, royal commands, audio/video recordings
Primary SourcesPrimary Sources
• Information gathered by someone who did not take part in or witnesses an event
•History textbooks, journal articles, encyclopedias
• Information gathered by someone who did not take part in or witnesses an event
•History textbooks, journal articles, encyclopedias
Secondary Sources
Secondary Sources
Primary or
Secondary?
This is an original advertisement for
Lux Soap.
C
Primary or
Secondary?C
A text book is a secondary source written about the primary sources.
Primary or
Secondary?
C
This is an original letter written by Thomas Jefferson to John Adams in 1788.
Primary or
Secondary?
CEmanuel Bowen, London,1744Bowen's map is the first English map of Australia.
Primary or
Secondary?C
World Book Encyclopedias are secondary sources of information.