architectural history of redstone arsenal building 7134

8/16/2019 Architectural history of Redstone Arsenal Building 7134

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Architectural Historical Survey of Building 7134 — the GoddardHouse — on Redstone Arsenal, Madison County, Alabama

CCI Contract Number: W9124P-08-D00008, Purchase Order 5314-041-013

Alabama Historical Commission Permit Number 75-0643

Prepared by:

Carter J. Castor, MSHP

Alexander Archaeological Consultants, Inc.PO Box 62

Wildwood, Georgia 30757706-820-4434; Fax 706-820-4076

Prepared for:

CCI GroupPO Box 9014

Huntsville, Alabama 35812256.882.7585

&

Department of the ArmyGarrison — Redstone Arsenal

Environmental Management Division(IMSE-RED-PWE)

4488 Martin Road, Room A-332-WestRedstone Arsenal, Alabama 35898-5000

256.876.0211; Fax 256.313-2201

September 2015


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Architectural Survey of Building 7134

i

Foreword and Acknowledgements

This report is the result of an architectural and historical investigations of the Goddard House (Building Number 7134) on Redstone Arsenal (RSA) in Madison County, Alabama. Alexander ArchaeologicalConsultants, Inc. (AAC) conducted the survey at the request of the Environmental Management Division,

RSA. Building 7134 (Goddard House) has been listed by the Redstone Arsenal for demolition or to bemoved off post as preparation of the location for additional construction. An architectural historical studyis required to document salient features of the building prior to further impact. This report is the result ofthe 2015 architectural documentation of the Goddard House. The structure was originally located at theOakendale Plantation, specifically Archaeological Site 1MA639, on Redstone Arsenal. The house wasmoved from Site 1MA639 and repurposed by the Army in 1955.

Successful completion of the project is the result of the combined effort of many people working towardthe goal of investigating the cultural resources of the Goddard House. Lawrence Alexander served asPrincipal Investigator for the project and Orion Kroulek served as Project Manager. The report was written

by Carter J. Castor and Orion Kroulek. Nathanael Fosaaen assisted in field documentation. The historicresearch on the Oakendale Plantation was done by Gretchen Eggiman. Graphics development was done by

Carter Castor, Max Schneider, and Orion Kroulek. The report was edited by Allie Stafford.

Invaluable support that contributed to the success of this project was provided by Redstone Arsenal staffBenjamin J. Hoksbergen, Cultural Resource Manager, Archaeologist, and Katherine L. Stamps,Architectural Historian.

Carter Castor, MSHP


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iii

Table of Contents

Foreword and Acknowledgements................................................................................................................. i

Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................................... iii

List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................... v List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................ v

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 1

Background and Literature Search ................................................................................................................ 2

Historic Summary of the Goddard House ..................................................................................................... 3

Manning Family: 1818 – 1845 ................................................................................................................ 3

Matthews Family: 1845 – 1892 .............................................................................................................. 5

Davis Family: 1892 – 1924 ................................................................................................................... 10

Chaney Family: 1924 – 1942 ................................................................................................................ 14

U.S. Army Ownership ............................................................................................................................. 15

Current Condition ....................................................................................................................................... 19

National Register of Historic Places Eligibility ................ .................. ................. ................. .................. .... 24

References ................................................................................................................................................... 25

Appendix A: Architectural Drawings ......................................................................................................... 27


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v

List of Figures

Figure 1. Present location of Building 7134 on Redstone Arsenal ................ ................. .................. ............ 1

Figure 2. Portrait of Luke Matthews (1796-1875) (Stubno, Jr. 2005). ................ ................. .................. ...... 5

Figure 3. Portrait of Lucy Ann Spottswood Matthews (1816 – 1874) (Stubno, Jr. 2005). ................. ............ 6 Figure 4. Historic archaeological sites in the vicinity of Oakendale Plantation symbolized by temporalaffiliation. .................................................................................................................................................... 12

Figure 5. The Goddard House 1955 at original site, primary façade. ............... ................. .................. ....... 15

Figure 6. Goddard House 1955 at original site, rear face. .......................................................................... 16

Figure 7. Goddard House 1955 crossing Huntsville Spring Branch during move, rear face. ................. .... 17

Figure 8. Goddard House 1956 with a rocket. ............................................................................................ 17

Figure 9. Goddard House 1998. .................................................................................................................. 18

Figure 10. Goddard House, rear elevation, 2015. ....................................................................................... 18 Figure 11. View from the SW room on the second floor indicating visible structure. ............................... 19

Figure 12. Original location of fireplace in first floor SE room. ......................... ................. .................. .... 20

Figure 13. Original location of rear door on E wall of 2nd floor NE room. ................ .................. ............. 20

Figure 14. View of the NE showing historic and modern studs. ............................... ................. ................ 21

Figure 15. Lathe marks at right angles on these ceiling joists. ................ .................. ................. ................ 21

Figure 16. Ridge beam of house with steel cable........................................................................................ 22

Figure 17. Original stairway. ...................................................................................................................... 22

Figure 18. Primary entrance with non-original sidelights. .................. ................. ................. .................. .... 23

List of Tables

Table 1. 1850 U.S. Census of Slave Inhabitants for Luke Matthews. ....................... ................. .................. 7

Table 2. 1860 U.S. Census of Slave Inhabitants for Luke Matthews. ....................... ................. .................. 9

Table 3. Historic archaeological sites in the vicinity of Oakendale Plantation. ................. .................. ....... 11

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Introduction

Building 7134 on Redstone Arsenal, Alabama, known as the Goddard House, was a two-story plantationhouse built c. 1835 by James Manning. It was originally part of the Oakendale Plantation, which was a verylarge plantation for the area. It was continuously occupied until the land was purchased by the Army in

1942 for Redstone Arsenal. In 1955, the Army relocated the house to its present location to serve as guestquarters for VIP visitors to the Arsenal.

After the relocation, only one of the four original chimneys was rebuilt. The original weatherboard was alsocovered in stucco and later in yellow brick. The original one story porch was replaced with a two-story

Neoclassical porch, and the fenestration was altered. Later, the large rooms of the house were partitionedto create rooms for bachelor housing. The house is currently unoccupied, and the interior has been strippeddown to the framing. The Goddard House Alabama State Historic Preservation Office number is 089-00151. The survey was conducted under Alabama Historical Commission permit number 15-0643.

As part of a survey of the house, Alexander Archaeological Consultants (AAC) conducted a backgroundand literature survey of the previous determinations of eligibility to the National Register of Historic Places(NRHP), provided a historical summary of the house, conducted a current conditions assessment, and

provided floorplans and elevations to provide a basis for future planning for the house.

Figure 1. Present location of Building 7134 on Redstone Arsenal


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Alexander Archaeological Consultants

2

Background and Literature Search

The Goddard House has been evaluated several times for its historic value and potential inclusion to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The Goddard House was first evaluated by BuildingTechnology, Inc. (Buchannan and Johnson 1984) as part of Historic American Buildings Survey/HistoricAmerican Engineering Record (HABS/HAER) documentation of Redstone Arsenal, and it was not listedas a historic property. It is likely that the Goddard House was one of the 40 structures for which a Level IVHABS/HAER inventory card was completed; however, the inventory cards have not been digitized by theLibrary of Congress and were not available for this report (Library of Congress n.d.).

The house was evaluated again by TRC Mariah, Inc. (Nichols 1997). Their conclusion is unclear; however,the Alabama State Historic Preservation Office ALSHPO never concurred with the report (Hoksbergen2012: 4-8). Historic Resource Assessments (Wright 2000) was hired to reassess their report and determinedthat the structure was ineligible for the NRHP, a conclusion with which the Alabama Historical Commission(AHC) concurred (Langdale et al. 2003: C-3). However, Wright (2000) incorrectly listed the constructiondate of the Goddard House as 1942 (Langdale et al. 2003: C-15).

The building was also evaluated by Panamerican, Inc. (Nolte 1998) and again was determined to beineligible for the NRHP; however, the Directorate of Environment and Public Works (DEPW) did notconcur, and the ALSHPO did not provide comment (Langdale, 2000: 67). In 1999, the ALSHPO issued aletter of concurrence declaring the house ineligible for the NRHP (Langdale, 2000: 69). A 2012 culturalresource management plan for Redstone Arsenal reiterated the previous determinations of ineligibility(Hoksbergen: 45 – 46) and provided a list of previous architectural surveys (Hoksbergen: 4-8).

New South Associates (Langdale 2000:69) included the Goddard House in a survey of World War IIresources. The report recommended that the house be reevaluated based on its affiliation with the Cold Warand its role as housing for prominent military officers. Alexander Archaeological Consultants alsoevaluated the Goddard House in 2004 and concluded “Despite its unusual history, it is recommended thatthis resource is not eligible to the NRHP under the Cold War context. It has been moved and radicallyaltered and retains little of its historic fabric. It also served a non-essential use during the Cold War thatdoes not represent the mission of the post (Langdale et al 2004:90). ”

AAC concurs with New South Associates and recommends that the NRHP of the building be reevaluated.Buildings that have been relocated are generally considered ineligible for the NRHP (National Park Service,revised 2002). Although the structure has now been at its present location for over sixty years, this reportwill seek to determine whether it has retained enough historic significance to be considered eligible for the

NRHP.

In 2006 AAC conducted a Phase II archaeological testing of Site 1MA639, the archaeological siteassociated with the original Goddard House location (Trudeau 2006). Site 1MA639, the OakendalePlantation included a 37 acre historic plantation dating from the early nineteenth though the mid twentiethcentury. The Oakendale Plantation was determined to be eligible for the NRHP under Criterion D.


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Historic Summary of the Goddard House

In order to research the chronological ownership of the Goddard House and the land parcel it is associatedwith, much of the useful information was obtained from the Madison County, Alabama census and landdeed records. Census information pertaining to Madison County began with an 1809 count, when the areawas in the Mississippi Territory. From there, censuses were recorded in 1816 and 1818 and are providedonly as abstracts with information per county. The decennial count began in 1820. However, 1820information for Madison County is unavailable due to previous mismanagement of records, along withcensus information for other Alabama counties. An 1890 enumeration of Madison County is alsounavailable for unexplained reasons and only available for certain Alabama Counties.

The Goddard House, located on the Oakendale Plantation, was originally located on a parcel of land withinthe Elko and Union Hill Community areas. The Elko community was home to one of the larger and moreinteresting houses and pieces of land that is now part of the arsenal. This area is discussed in more detail inthe Ethnoarchaeological Investigations of Historic Sites in the Elko and Union Hill Communities on

Redstone Arsenal (Coco et al. 2005).

The Oakendale Plantation was located on Sections 7, 18, and 19, Township 4 South, Range 1 West and

Sections 11, 12, 13, and 24, Township 4 South, Range 2 West. The Goddard House was originally locatedin Section 7, Township 4 South, Range 1 West.

The Oakendale Plantation existed between 1845 and 1873 when the then owners of the property, Luke andLucy Matthews named the large property they had acquired. Before 1845 and after 1873 the OakendalePlantation existed as separate parcels owned by various individuals. This historical narrative will focus onthe land on which the Goddard House was built and surrounding areas, which were the main occupationarea of the plantation, both residentially and agriculturally.

Manning Family: 1818 – 1845

In the early nineteenth-century several men began buying land in the area that is now Madison County,Alabama. There was one landowner, however, who, beginning in 1818 began to purchase more than the

others. James Manning's name first appeared in the area with the purchase of land lying west of the IndianBoundary in Section 12, R2W (MCC 1818:CP 855). The land where the Goddard House was originallylocated first entered into public record in 1809 with the purchase of the land from the United States byWilliam Thompson (Madison County Courthouse, Huntsville, Alabama [MCC] Certificate of Purchase[CP] 809 & 810). This property was then sold to James Manning in 1820 at a time when he was acquiringother large parcels of land (MCC 1820: DB F:402). James Manning continued acquiring land throughoutthe 1820s until, by the mid-1830s, he held the deeds to: the W 1/2 of Section 7, R1W (MCC 1820:DBF:402); the SW ¼ of Section 13, R2W (MCC 1828:CP 239); and most of Section 12, R2W. It was withinthe 1830s time frame that the Goddard House, originally known as the Chaney House, was built. The housewas mostly likely built c. 1835, based on existing evidence, including examination of the architecture(Rogers 1989). It is unknown whether or not James Manning resided in this house; however he was theowner of the property at the time of construction (Coco et al. 2005). Full census information provided for

Madison County begins in 1830. James Manning, Sr. was listed as having property in the 1st and 2ndRanges and as head of a household that contained: 1 white male and 1 white female under the age of 5; 2white females between the ages of 15 and 20; and 4 white males between the ages of 20 and 30 (UnitedStates Census Bureau 1830). The household also included: 1 female slave under the age of 10; 3 femaleslaves and 8 male slaves between the ages of 10 and 24; 1 female slave between the ages of 24 and 36; and1 female slave and 4 male slaves between the ages of 36 and 55, for a total of 26 people within the Manninghousehold (United States Census Bureau 1830). According to local Huntsville historian Tom Kenny,Manning had at least 120 slaves accounted for in 1837 (Kenny n.d).


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In 1837, near the end of his life, James Manning deeded all of his land in the area to his sons George F. andPeyton T. Manning for the price of $1.00 and “love and affection” (MCC 1837:DB Q:361). Over the nextfew years George and Peyton continued to add to the land they had received from their father. In 1838, theyacquired the remaining portion of Section 12, T4S, R2W from Richard Holding (MCC 1838:DB R:12).

While James Manning died in 1840, he was alive at the time of the 1840 enumeration of Madison County.

James Manning is listed in the 1840 census as having owned property in the southern half; however furtherdetail as to which section this referred to, was not given. The household contained: 1 white male betweenthe age of 70 and 80 (presumably James Manning as he died at the age of 71); 1 white female between theage of 50 and 60 (presumable his wife Sophia Manning); 2 female slaves under the age of 10; 1 femaleslave and 1 male slave between the ages of 10 and 24; and 3 female slaves and 2 male slaves between theages of 36 and 55, for a total of 11 people within the James Manning household (United States CensusBureau 1840). It seems that all the Manning children and grandchildren were no longer living with Jamesand Sophia Manning in 1840. It is unclear where the couple was living at the time of the census, but itremains likely that they still resided somewhere on the property that was deeded to George and PeytonManning. The obituary of Dr. James Manning stated that he passed away at the age of 70 at his estate inMarengo County, Alabama and that he was a citizen of Madison County for over 30 years (Jones andGandrud 1980).

Peyton T. Manning was listed in the 1840 census as having owned property in the southern half; howeverfurther detail as to which section this referred to, was not given. There was no listing for George F.Manning. Peyton’s household contained: 1 white female and one white male under t he age of 5; and 1 whitefemale and 1 white male between the ages of 20 and 30. This presumably represents both Peyton Manningand his wife Sarah Manning and their two young children. The household also included: 9 female slavesand 15 male slaves under the age of 10; 9 female slaves and 25 male slaves between the ages of 10 and 25;11 female slaves and 8 male slaves between the ages 24 and 36; 5 female slaves and 3 male slaves betweenthe ages of 36 and 55; and 3 female slaves and 5 male slaves 55 years old or older, for a total of 97 peoplewithin the Peyton Manning household. At least 60 people among this household were noted as involvedwith agricultural occupations (United States Census Bureau 1840).

While Peyton Manning had a very large household and was presumably in charge of a prosperous

plantation, by the early 1840s financial issues emerged, and by 1845 he had sold or lost the entire holding.The first hint of the problem appeared in 1842 when George and Peyton Manning executed a Deed of Trust,a method of pledging real estate as collateral for a loan similar to a mortgage, with Samuel Peet and ElishaRice, on a portion of their land (MCC 1842:DB T:100). The following year the brothers entered into anotherDeed of Trust with Benjamin Moore for Richard Holding (MCC 1843:DB T:531). Whether due to moneyissues or mismanagement, the two men had to rid themselves of their land burden. They sold more of theirland to Bartley M. Lowe in 1844 (MCC 1844: DB U: 320), as well as to Sophia Manning, the boys’ mother(MCC 1844: DB U: 380), while the Huntsville sheriff, a man by the name of P.D. Kavanaugh, forciblytook the remainder of the land to pay the Mannings’ debts (MCC 1846: DB W: 161). For the next five yearsthe land remained unsettled because the Bank of the State of Alabama held onto the deed (Coco et al. 2005).

The areas of land sold to Bartley M. Lowe included the west half of Section 7 and portions of Section 18.

Bartley M. Lowe was married to Sarah Sophia Manning, sister to Peyton and George Manning, thuskeeping the property within the family. However, one year later, in 1845, Bartley Lowe sold the propertyto Thomas W. White and his wife, Susan W. White (MCC 1845: DB V: 245). The land remained in familyhands, although very distantly, as Susan White was the grand-niece of Sophia Manning, mother of Peytonand George Manning. However, Thomas White and his wife Susan quickly turned around and sold the landto Luke and Lucy A. Matthews (MCC 1845: DB V: 255). This 1845 land purchase became the foundationfor one of the largest plantations in the Madison County area, Oakendale Plantation.


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Matthews Family: 1845 – 1892

By the 1850's, Luke Matthews (Figure 2) was the owner of Section 12 as well, whichhe acquired through the Bank of the Stateof Alabama (MCC 1851: DB Y: 197). In1851, Luke Mathews purchased the rest ofthe land the Manning brothers had lost tothe bank just five years before (MCC1851:DB Y:197), and by the 1850s, theMathews owned 3,000 acres of landlocated in: Sections 7, 18, and 19 of R1Wand Sections 11, 12, 13, and 24, of R2W. Itwas then that Luke Matthews titled hislands the Oakendale Plantation (Figure 5).In researching the census information, itwas noticed that the Matthews surnamewas sometimes spelled “Matheus.” It is

written here as it is found in the censustranscripts.

Luke Matthews was born in CampbellCounty, Virginia in September 1796, toLuke Matthews Sr. and Judith. Siblingsconsisted of his twin brother John, andSamuel, Edward, Washington, Nathaniel,

Nancy, and Susan. Having emigrated to thesouth in the early 19th century, it isunknown if all of the Matthews relocated,

but according to the 1850 LimestoneCounty Slave Census, Judith Matthews,two Luke Matthews, Samuel Matthews,and Washington Matthews were listed ashaving slaves. It is unclear whether theJudith listed was his mother or the womanhe married in 1826, Judith Peete.Additionally, there was nothing definingany difference between Luke Sr. and LukeJr. Either way, Judith was listed as having21 slaves, Luke Matthews, Sr. had 12,while the second Luke Matthews, Jr. had 45 slaves, Samuel had 67, and Washington had 30 slaves.

Prior to ownership of Oakendale, Luke Matthews owned another plantation by the name of Cotton Hill,located in Limestone County. The transfer of Cotton Hill ownership passed through at least three men

before it came to Luke Matthews. Robert Taylor had originally owned the land on which Cotton Hill stood, paying one- fourth of the value in “Mississippi Stock” on February 9, 1818. When Taylor could not makethe remaining payments of $17.56 per acre, made in three annual installments, he was forced to turn theCertificate of Purchase over to John M. Taylor who gained the power of attorney and the right to sell, or“assign” the land thus relieving Robert Taylor of any payment obligations. Theopolius Thomas was thenext owner listed shortly after the 1818 transaction. When Thomas could no longer make payments either,he forfeited the land in July 1829. Luke Matthews then obtained a preemption stating, “...the right of a

Figure 2. Portrait of Luke Matthews (1796-1875) (Stubno, Jr.2005).


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settler on public land to purchase it at afixed price to the exclusion of any otherapplicant.” By August 1831, Matthews had

paid $3.50 per acre for the 1,092.40 acreCotton Hill plantation.

Luke married Judith Peete, daughter ofBenjamin Peete and Ann Blunt, in March1826. They had a total of eight children,

but only four survived. Judith passed awayin January 1842, and it is thought that shewas interred at the Cotton Hill plantation,however no tombstone has ever beenlocated. A year later Luke Matthews wedLucy Ann Spotswood, daughter of ElliotSpotswood and Sarah Dandridge (Figure3). Originally from Huntsville, Lucy Annresided with Luke at Cotton Hill until

1846, when they moved to the OakendalePlantation in Madison County. Lucy gave birth to eight children before her death in1874.

The 1850 Madison County censusaccounts for Luke Matthews, age 50, hiswife Lucy Anne, age 37,both hailing fromVirginia, along with their children: Samuel(son from first marriage), age 14; John N.,age 7; Elliot, age 5; James P., age 3;Lucien, age 2; and Sarah E., age 1. LukeMatthews was listed as a farmer with a

personal worth of approximately $48, 000(United States Census Bureau 1850).Unlike the 1830 and 1840 census, the 1850enumeration did not list any slaves as partof the household. The slaves owned byLuke Matthews were enumerated under theU.S. Census of Slave Inhabitants (Table 1) .In 1850, Luke Matthews is listed as owning63 black and mulatto slaves in MadisonCounty, ranging in age from 1 year to 45 years old. Luke Matthews is also listed as owning 57 black slavesin Limestone County, ranging in age from 1 year to 65 years old. Presumably the slaves owned in MadisonCounty worked on the Oakendale Plantation, while the slaves owned in Limestone County were workingat the Cotton Hill Plantation.

Figure 3. Portrait of Lucy Ann Spottswood Matthews (1816 – 1874) (Stubno, Jr. 2005).


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Table 1. 1850 U.S. Census of Slave Inhabitants for Luke Matthews.1850 Madison Co. Slave Census for the Luke Matthews

(Matheus)1850 Limestone Co. Slave Census for the Luke

Matthews (Matheus)Age Male Female Color Age Male Female Color

1 3 Black 1 3 Black

2 2 Black 2 1 1 Black

2 1 Mulatto 3 2 1 Black

3 1 Black 4 1 Black


5 1 Black 8 1 Black

5 1 Mulatto 10 3 Black

7 1 Black 11 1 Black

8 2 2 Black 12 2 Black





12 1 1 Mulatto 17 1 Black



15 3 4 Black 23 2 1 Black





22 1 1 Black 35 2 2 Black






29 1 Black

30 1 1 Black

40 1 Black

45 2 Black

Total: 37 26 Total: 32 25


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Table 2. 1860 U.S. Census of Slave Inhabitants for Luke Matthews.1860 Madison Co. Slave Census

for the Luke Matthews1860 Limestone/ Madison Co. Slave Census for

the Luke MatthewsAge Male Female Color Age Male Female Color

1 6 Black 2 1 Black


3 1 Mulatto 5 1 Mulatto








19 1 Mulatto 16 2 Black20 2 Black 18 3 Black


30 15 28 Black 21 1 Mulatto


40 1 Black 32 1 Mulatto


45 7 Black 40 1 1 Mulatto



60 1 Black

75 1 Black

Total: 66 61 Total: 19 11

Luke Matthews, aged 73, had continued farming while his wife Lucy, aged 54, kept house. Their childrenstill living in their household were James age 22, Lucian age 21, Betty age 19, William age 18, Lucy age15, and Susie age 12. Missing from this inventory of children is Lucy Malone who was 8 years old in 1860,the likely fraternal twin of William. She either passed away or married and moved away in the time between

the two enumerations.With Luke’s total worth at $65,000 and his yearly income of $12,000, he was able to employ the assistanceof numerous people of color. Ada Jones age 23 was a household cook while she raised her four children onthe Oakendale Plantation. They included Maria age 7, Egbert age 4, Clarence age 2, and Simona age onemonth. Also employed were Silva Catridge age 40, George Miller, a minister, age 45, with his wife Mariaage 48, also employed as a cook for the Matthews, with their children Matilda age 20 (a cook), George age18 (a farm laborer), and Anna age 15. The last name on the Matthews household list of colored occupantsis James Mathews, a 40 year old farm laborer (United States Census Bureau 1870).


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Lucy Ann Mathews died in 1874 and was followed by Luke Mathews in 1875. The couple is buried inMaple Hill Cemetery, in Huntsville, surrounded by many of their descendants (Old Huntsville Magazinen.d). In 1873, two years before he died, Luke Mathews deeded portions of Oakendale to his children, andthus, three of his sons became the owners of land that would eventually become part of Redstone Arsenal.James, Elliot, and John Mathews all received between 580 to 700 acres of what was once OakendalePlantation.

James P. Matthews and his wife, Lucy B. Matthews, received the portion of Oakendale Plantation uponwhich the Manning House stood along with 700 acres of land (MCC 1873: DB VV: 504). It is in the 1875Parcel Map that depicts the name J.P. Matthews in the SE 1/4 of Section 12 and in the SW 1/4 of Section7 (Table 3 and Figure 4) . Elliott R. Matthews maintained possession of 600 acres which he already was theowner, John N. Matthews acquired 596 acres on the north side of the railroad where he was already living,462 acres were deeded to the five children of John, and 8 33 acres was deeded to his “fourth surviving son

by Lucy.” By deduction, this “fourth surviving son by Lucy” was William E. Matthews , as his only otherson by Lucy. Lucian T. Matthews had already passed away in 1872. Although the 1875 map shows a L.T.Matthews owning the property, the information at the time of publication was several years old.

Of the parcels of land that were deeded to James P. Matthews and his brother, Elliot R. Matthews, theGoddard House lies within the parcel inherited by James P. Matthews. Mathews is the only familyassociated with Site 1MA639 in the 1880 census, and consisting of farmer James P. Mathews age 33 andhis wife Lucy age 35, their daughter Eliza G. age 1, and James’ sister Susie age 22. Also included were aservant, Patsy Ragland, age 70, and Semora Jones, age 9, a nurse. Both Ragland and Jones were coloredwomen. It is not known whether or not James and Lucy Mathews ever resided in the Goddard House.

Almost twenty years after he inherited the property, James P. Matthews sold his land to Elizabeth Davis in1892 (MCC 1892: DB WWW: 212), who died in early 1896, but had willed her land to her son LoundesDavis (MCC 1895: Will [W] 2: 437).

Davis Family: 1892 – 1924

James Matthews and his wife Lucy held onto the property that was deeded to them for almost twenty years.In 1892, they sold all of the tract to Elizabeth (McGuire) Davis (MCC 1892:DB WWW:212). ElizabethDavis was born in Kentucky in 1803, she married Greer W. Davis, also born in Kentucky around 1799.They lived in Byrd, Missouri by 1850 where Greer Davis is listed in the 1850 enumeration as a lawyer.Greer W. Davis was nominated by President John Taylor, to the Register of the Land Office in Jackson,Missouri (Library of Congress, n.d.). Greer W. Davis held this office from 1842 through 1854, a period oftwelve years in which the country saw four Presidents serving office, the fifth being Franklin Pierce whoremoved Greer Davis from office. Greer W. Davis was a respected and prominent citizen in CapeGirardeau, Missouri. Therefore it is not surprising that he owned household slaves. Greer W. Davis is listedin both the 1850 and the 1860 slave schedules as a slave owner. The 1850 slave schedule lists his householdas containing three mulatto slaves, and the 1860 slave schedule lists two mulatto slaves and two blackslaves.

Greer and Elizabeth had one son, Lowndes, who was born in Missouri. They were still listed as residing in

Byrd, Missouri in 1860, although at this point the household included a Susan McGuire, aged 13 years, born in Virginia, and Lowndes, aged 23 years, is listed as a student. Estimated monetary value of real estateand personal estate is also listed. Greer W. Davis is listed as having $10,000 worth of real estate and $32,000worth of personal estate. Lowndes Davis is listed as having $400 worth of real estate, while Susan McGuirewas listed as having $1,200 worth of personal estate, likely a dowry.


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Table 3. Historic archaeological sites in the vicinity of Oakendale Plantation.Site Period Description Reference1MA305 Early 19th to 20th

centuryElko Switch, BlackCemetery

Shogren et al. (1989) Gage (1996)

1MA534 Late 19th century Still, spring, & cave Meyer (1994) Alexander et al. (1998)Coco et al. (2006)

1MA639 Early 19th to 20thcentury

OakendalePlantation,

Trudeau (2006) Coco et al (2006)Jorgenson and Janowitz (2010)

1MA694 Late 19th to early20th century

Tenant farm house Alexander et al. (1998) Trudeau (2006).

1MA697 Early to middle 19thcentury,

Yeoman farm house Alexander et al. (1998)


Tenant farm house Alexander et al. (1998) Valk et al. (2011)

1MA748 Early 20th century Tenant farm house Alexander et al. (1998) Valk et al. (2011)

1MA776 Early 20th century Tenant farm house Alexander et al. (1998)

1MA779 Early 20th century Tenant farm house Alexander et al. (1998) Valk et al. (2011)

1MA780 Late 19th to early20th century Tenant farm house Alexander et al. (1999)


Tenant farm house Alexander et al. (1998) Coco et al. (2006)


Tenant farm house Alexander et al. (1998)






Tenant farm house Alexander et al. (1998) Trudeau (2006)


Tenant farm house Alexander et al. (1998) Coco et al. (2006)



1MA1526 Early 20th century Tenant farm house Alexander and Redwine (2008a)1MA1528 Early 20th century Tenant farm house Alexander and Redwine (2008b)1MA1560 Early 20th century Cotton gin (?) Alexander and Redwine (2008b)

Alexander et al. (2009)1MA1563 Late 19th to early

20th centuryTenant farm house Alexander and Redwine (2008b)


Tenant farm house Alexander and Redwine (2008b)

1MA1565 Late 19th to early

20th century









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Figure 4. Historic archaeological sites in the vicinity of Oakendale Plantation symbolized by temporalaffiliation.


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While it is unclear what happened to the Davis family between 1860 and 1892, what is known is that GreerW. Davis died in Missouri in 1878 after which, Elizabeth moved to Madison County, Alabama and boughtthe Oakendale property in 1892. Three years later in early 1896, Elizabeth Davis died, and her son,Lowndes (Loundes) Davis, inherited it (MCC 1895:Will [W] 2:437). At the time of his father’s death,Lowndes Davis was at the height of his political career.

The 1870 enumeration lists Lowndes Henry Davis as living in Cape Girardeau County, Missouri as lawyerand head of a household made up of his wife, Mary Bell, a daughter Ann, aged 7 years, a son Clarendon,aged 2 years, and a son Lowndes (Jr), aged 9 months. Lowndes Davis, prior to becoming a plantationowner, had a very prominent political career. While still a resident of Missouri, he was the s tate’s attorneyfor the tenth judicial district of Missouri from 1868 – 1872, a member of the State House of Representativesfrom 1876 – 1878, and elected as a Democrat to the Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, and Forty-eighth U.S.Congresses from March 4, 1879 – March 3, 1885 (United States Congress n.d). He was also chairman of theCommittee on Expenditures in the Department of the Treasury during the Forty-eighth U.S. Congress. Hisofficial biography states he “engaged in agricultural pu rsuits and in stock raising (United States Congressn.d)”, therefore it is likely he pursued these interests at Oakendale Plantation after he retired from pub licoffice.

After 1885 and his last term in Congress, Lowndes Davis is hard to track as the 1890 enumeration wasalmost completely destroyed or badly damaged in a fire in Washington, DC, in 1921. The next availablecensus is the 1900 enumeration listing Lowndes H. Davis in Madison County, and is the only listed nameassociated with the Oakendale Plantation. Head of the household at age 65, Lowndes was married to MaryBell, age 61, and had child Paul, age 29. Paul was married to Edna, age 28, and they had son Greer age 1.According to the 1900 census, they were all residing under Lownd es’ household (Coco et al. 2005). The1909 Map of Madison County lists Lowndes Davis as the property owner (Figure 4 ). Loundes’ Davis otherson, Clarendon Davis had established his own household by 1900. The 1910 census lists Clarendon Davisas head of household which included his wife, Kate Davis née Mastin, and their three daughters Fannie L.,aged 10 years; Elisabeth Mc., aged 7 years; and Catherine, aged 2 months old.

Lowndes Davis died on the 4th of February 1920 in Cape Girardeau, Missouri and is interred in Maple HillCemetery, Huntsville, Alabama. The land was inherited by Kate Davis, Lowndes daughter-in-law (MCC

1921:DB 125:431). The same day the inheritance was recorded, she transferred the land to her husbandClarendon Davis, Lowndes’ son (MCC 1921:DB 125:431).

Lowndes’ grandson, Paul, also received land portions in the will (MCC 1920: Probate Record [PR] 6641:235). It seems by the time Lowndes died, his second son, Paul Davis had passed away and likely Paul’sson Greer as well. Paul’s second son, Paul Davis, Jr . seems to be the only surviving child of Paul Davis.Therefore it was to Paul Davis Jr., that the land inheritance went. Paul, however, was considered a minorat this time, so his legal guardian and mother, Edna R. Davis, proceeded with numerous legal actions againstClarendon as to whom should be responsible for the land. They both wanted all of the willed land. ByDecember 1924, the courts had decided that Clarendon would be the legal holder of all land claims filed(MCC 1924: PR 6641: 386). Shortly thereafter, the lands which encompass the sites 1MA639 and 1MA694,were sold to its final owner before acquisition by the Federal government, M.G. Chaney in 1924 (MCC1924: DB 131: 63).

It is uncertain which portion of lands Chaney sectioned off for unknown tenant farmers, but it is knownthat cotton and corn were the primary crops. Also, there was a large portion of land, including parts ofSections 7, 11, and 12, which remained under the Clarendon Davis name, as Davis was mortgaging landsfrom Chaney (MCC 1924: DB 196: 657) with a loan that he took out from The Prudential InsuranceCompany of America (MCC 1921: Mortgage Book [MB] 178: 63).


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Chaney Family: 1924 – 1942

The Chaney name first appears in the 1910 Madison County census with Mayburn (Mabren) G., age 30, asthe head of the household. Manager of a dry goods store, M.G. Chaney was married to Bertie C., age 28,and had children Cecil, age 8, Mattie B., age 6, and Mayburn, age 1. However, prior to 1910, Mayburn andBertie were living in Belle J. Chaney’s household in Etowah County. The head of the household was Billie(?) H. Chaney, aged 46 years, with nine children, and Bertie C. Chaney the daughter-in-law.

Found again in 1920, Mayburn (Mabren) G. Chaney, age 41, had continued to be the manager of the drygoods store, and while wife Bertie C., age 38 raised Cecil P,. age 18, Glenn S., age 16, Mattie B., age 14,and Mayburn Jr., age 10. Mayburn Sr.’s mother Bell J ,. age 64, was also a resident of the house, as was thefarm hand Warner Ryan, age 29 (Coco et al. 2005).

By the 1930 enumeration, Mayburn G. Chaney, 50 years old, is listed as head of household and continuedas the manager of the dry goods store and was worth $8,500. The household contained his wife, Bertie C.,48 years old, son Glenn S., age 25, daughter Mattie B., age 23, son Mayburn S. (Jr.), age 21, Glenn’s wifeand daughter, Madge, age 20, and Edith G., age 1½ years, and Mattie (?), Bertie’s mother, a ge 68 yearsold.

Mayburns’ son Cecil P. Chaney is listed separately as head of household, although they were living nearby.Cecil was listed as a 28 year old general store clerk worth $2,500. His wife W. Elma Chaney was 26 yearsold and had been married approximately 9 years at the time of the 1930 enumeration.

Chaney rented out land and farmed land himself for the next 20 years until the Army bought the land fromhim in 1942 (MCC 1942:DB 159:297), and he is listed as a farmer in the 1940 U.S. Census living with hiswife and sister Beulah Smith, aged 50. The tenants grew cotton and corn for profit or a share in the cropand then bought supplies from a commissary which was located in the old kitchen in the rear of the Chaneyhouse (Rogers 1989). It seems likely that M.G. Chaney either stocked the commissary at his house fromthe dry goods general store he managed, or that the general store is the one mentioned as a commissary athis house.

Four years after Chaney purchased his tract, he deeded approximately two acres in the NW ¼ of Section18 to the State of Alabama on which to build a school. The school was known as the Chaney School andappears on the 1936 Madison Quadrangle. The Army purchased this piece of land from the State ofAlabama (MCC 1942:DB 157:297), along with the rest of Chaney’s tract, in 1942.


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U.S. A RMY O WNERSHIP

After purchase of lands for Redstone Arsenal, the U.S. Army utilized the house, known variously as theManning House, the Matthews House, and the Chaney House, as storage for electrical supplies, but it waslater remodeled and used as quarters for military families until 1953 (Henry 2004). In 1953, the arsenalclosed the house due to the difficulty of supplying water to it and its remote location. Linda Bolino, daughterof Captain Paul Linton, recalled in an interview her life as a young girl living in the Chaney House (Henry2004). She recalled living on the top floor while another family lived downstairs, and that there was acottage near the back of the house and “a graveyard where she and her brother would play” (Henry 2004).

By the mid-1950s, Redstone Arsenal had become an area of national importance because of its guidedmissile and rocket program. The Army decided it needed a suitable place to entertain and house importantguests to the arsenal. In December of 1955, the commanding general personally requested $18,000 to movethe house away from its remote location on the base, in preparation for the upcoming visit of Secretary ofDefense Charles Wilson. He received verbal authorization from the Office of the Chief of Ordnance to

proceed. The house was spared from demolition and quickly relocated approximately eleven miles closerto the post ’s headquarters (Peters 1980).

Because of its relocation on a large trailer , the house was initially dubbed “The Wheel House”, but in Mayof 1956, the name of the house was changed to the Goddard House in honor of Dr. Robert Goddard, the“Father of American Rocketry (Redstone Rocket 1971) .” It received $10,000 in repairs to the plumbing,roofing, and stucco. Several significant features of the house were lost during the move. The structureoriginally had four large brick chimneys (Figure 5) . The house also had a back porch, one-story rear L-addition, and an exterior rear staircase leading to a rear second-story entrance that were demolished duringthe relocation (Figure 6) . The foundation and cellar of the rear L-addition are still standing at site 1Ma639and was probably added by the Army between 1942 and 1953 along with the external staircase to providean external entrance to the occupants of the second floor quarters.

Figure 5. The Goddard House 1955 at original site, primary façade.


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Only one chimney was rebuilt after the move (Figure 7 and Figure 8) . One of the original mantles was leftin place on the first floor, while another was moved to a gas fireplace below in a newly-poured basement.The original modest one-bay, one-story, screened-in porch with a half-hipped roof was replaced at the newlocation with a more formal two-story Neoclassical porch featuring square columns and pilasters, a deckroof with a balustrade, and large concrete steps. The house was also refurbished for its role as a guest house;it was well appointed for the distinguished visitors it would receive with mahogany furniture, wool rugs,and a fireplace faced in pink marble (Peters 1980). The Goddard House reopened in February 1956 and sawmany important guests, including Secretary of Defense Charles Wilson; Secretary of the Army WilberBrucker; and Secretary of the Navy Dan Thomas.

In 1966, the Goddard House transitioned from being a guest house for VIPs to a training facility for theArmy Munition Support Command. During this switch, the large rooms of the plantation house were

partitioned to create small apartments. The stucco house was also refaced with yellow brick sometime between 1956 and 1967. In 1989, the building was used as administrative space for the Federal Bureau ofInvestigations (FBI) until 2010 when it was transferred to the U.S. Army Aviation & Missile CommandContracting Office. In 1992, the army developed a renovation plan that included adding a ramp to the front

porch to make the primary entrance wheelchair-accessible to copy with the Americans with Disabilities Actof 1990 (Figure 9) . Egress from the rear of the second story was also added (Figure 10) . The scope of work

also called for minor renovations such as repainting and adding new carpet (Redstone Arsenal SupportActivity 1992). By the 1990's, the Goddard House was reclassified from housing to office and meetingspace. It was used as overflow meeting space by various organizations until 2013 when it was transferredto the Garrison Redstone Arsenal Environmental Management Division Installation Restoration Branch(IR) to be used as office space for contractors as part of the post-wide RCRA/CERCLA clean-up operation.During this transition, while the building stood vacant during the early months of 2014, the water was notturned off as it should have been, and a water pipe froze and burst and was not detected before waterdestroyed most of the first-floor drywall, and all of the ceiling panels and furnishings in the basement. Asa result, IR abandoned plans to use the building, and it was decided to clean-up the damage. Due to the

Figure 6. Goddard House 1955 at original site, rear face.


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presence of asbestos floor tiles, asbestos abatement became necessary first, and it was decided to go aheadand remove all floor tiles, drywall, and drop ceiling panels in the entire house (Katherine Stamps, personalcommunication 2015).

Figure 7. Goddard House 1955 crossing Huntsville Spring Branch during move, rear face.

Figure 8. Goddard House 1956 with a rocket.


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Figure 9. Goddard House 1998.

Figure 10. Goddard House, rear elevation, 2015.


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Figure 12. Original location of fireplace in first floor SE room.

Figure 13. Original location of rear door on E wall of 2nd floor NE room.


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Figure 14. View of the NE showing historic and modern studs.

Figure 15. Lathe marks at right angles on these ceiling joists.


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Figure 16. Ridge beam of house with steel cable.

Figure 17. Original stairway.


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Figure 18. Primary entrance with non-original sidelights.


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National Register of Historic Places Eligibility

Building 7134 on Redstone Arsenal, Alabama, known as the Goddard House, was a two-story plantationhouse built c. 1835 by James Manning. It was originally part of the Oakendale Plantation, which was a verylarge plantation for the area. It was continuously occupied until the land was purchased by the Army in

1942 for Redstone Arsenal. In 1955, the Army relocated the house to its present location to serve as guestquarters for VIP visitors to the Arsenal.

After the relocation, only one of the four original chimneys was rebuilt. The original weatherboard was alsocovered in stucco and later in yellow brick. The original one story porch was also replaced with a two-story

Neoclassical porch, and the fenestration was altered. Later, the large rooms of the house were partitionedto create rooms for bachelor housing. The house is currently unoccupied, and the interior has been strippeddown to the framing. The Goddard House Alabama State Historic Preservation Office number is 089-00151. The survey was conducted under Alabama Historical Commission permit number 15-0643.

These are important points to consider when discussing the National Register of Historic Places eligibilityof the structure. The integrity of the structure as a historic resource has been heavily compromised by along series of events. The structure was moved from the Oakendale Plantation in 1955, which impacted theintegrity of location and setting. Although the structure has been in the same location since 1955, integrityof setting has not been re-established because the building is not in its significant cultural and environmentalcontext. While the Army used the structure for purposes other than as a plantation farmhouse, none of these

purposes meet National Register eligibility criteria due to a lack of association with historically significant people or events beyond simple guest lodging. Additionally, altered fenestration, façade, and interior designhave impacted the integrity of the resource in terms of workmanship, materials, and association of feeling.With these points in mind, the integrity of the resource’s interior has been further compromised by theinundation and subsequent removal of all interior surfaces.

That being said, the Goddard House has assumed a central place in the folk history of Redstone Arsenal. Ithas repeatedly been the subject of human interest stories in the Redstone Arsenal newspaper, the Redstone

Rocket (e.g. Peters 1980, Rogers 1989, Henry 2004a), has a write up of its own on the website for theofficial Redstone Arsenal history (Hughes 2015), and is the subject of many ghost stories (Rogers 1989,McBride 2001, Henry 2004b).

The Goddard House, Building 7134, is recommended as not eligible for inclusion to the National Registerof Historic Places based on lack of association with individuals or events that have broadly affected local,state, or national history. Additionally, the structure as it now stands lacks integrity of location, setting,design, workmanship, and feeling. Therefore, NHPA Criteria A, B, and C do not apply to Building 7134.

No further investigation of Building 7134 is recommended at this time, although the original historicalhardware components (beams, stairway, mantels, etc.) have structural integrity and should not be destroyed.If demolition of the Goddard House cannot be avoided, AAC recommends that all architectural featuresand hardware original to the pre-arsenal structure be dismantled and removed intact to be donated to theHistoric Huntsville Foundation of a similar organization for use in local historic restoration projects . .


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References

Alexander, Lawrence S., H. Russell Campbell, Daniel J. Minnich, and James M. Moore

1998 Phase I Archaeological Survey of Ground Disturbance Areas 4, 5, and 7 on Redstone Arsenal, Madison County, Alabama . Submitted to Directorate of Environmental Management and Planning,Redstone Arsenal, by Alexander Archaeological Consultants, Wildwood, Georgia.

Alexander, Lawrence S., Daniel J. Minnich, H. Russell Campbell, and William D. Stevens1999 Phase I Archaeological Survey of 1052 Hectares on Redstone Arsenal, Madison County, Alabama .

Submitted to Directorate of Environmental Management and Planning, Redstone Arsenal, by AlexanderArchaeological Consultants, Wildwood, Georgia.

Alexander, Lawrence S., and Charles P. Redwine2008a The 2005-2007 Phase I Archaeological Survey on Redstone Arsenal, Madison County, Alabama .

Submitted to Environmental Management Division, Redstone Arsenal, by Alexander ArchaeologicalConsultants, Inc., Wildwood, Georgia.

2008b The 2007-2008 Phase I Archaeological Survey on Redstone Arsenal, Madison County, Alabama .Submitted to Environmental Management Division, Redstone Arsenal, by Alexander ArchaeologicalConsultants, Inc., Wildwood, Georgia.

Alexander, Lawrence S., and Charles P. Redwine, and Jaime Trotter2009 Phase II Archaeological Testing of Sites 1MA748 and 1MA1560 on Redstone Arsenal, Madison

County, Alabama, DRAFT . Submitted to Environmental Management Division, Redstone Arsenal byAlexander Archaeological Consultants, Inc., Wildwood, Georgia.

Allen, L. B.2005 Luke Matthews in Madison County. Historic Huntsville Quarterly of Local Architecture and

Preservation. 31(1 – 2).

Coco, J. J., L. S. Alexander, and R. T. Bauer2005 Ethnoarchaeological Investigations of Historic Sites in the Elko and Union Hill Communities onRedstone. Alexander Archaeological Consultants, Chattanooga, Tennessee. Prepared for U.S. ArmyAviation and Missile Command, Directorate of Environmental Management and Planning, RedstoneArsenal, Alabama.

Henry, K.2004 Goddard House has long colorful history. Redstone Rocket 20 October Huntsville, Alabama.

Hughes, K.

2015 The Goddard House. Electronic Document, http://history.redstone.army.mil/ihist-goddard-house.html , accessed July 15, 2015.

Jones, Kathleen P., and Pauline J. Gandrud1980 Alabama Records , Vol. 15. Southern Historical Press, Greenville, South Carolina.

Kenny, Thomasn.d. A Genealogical Report Concerning Slaves, Former Slaves, Tenant Farmers and Sharecroppers of


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the Holding, Manning, and Matthews Plantations in the Vicinity of Elko and Pond Beat. Compiled byThomas Kenny.

Old Huntsville Magazinen.d. Maple Hill Cemetery. Electronic Document, http://www.oldhuntsville.com/p259.htm. OldHuntsville Magazine.

Peters, Ed1980 Old Goddard House impressed first visitor. Redstone Rocket 2 July:20. Huntsville, AL.

Redstone Arsenal Support Activity1992 Building 7134 Goddard House Renovations, Redstone Arsenal. Scope of Work. Redstone Arsenal,Hunstville, Alabama.

Redstone Rocket1971 Goddard House. 17 February:13. Huntsville, Alabama.

Rogers, P.1989 Goddard House Serves as Reminder of Pre-Army Days. The Redstone Rocket 25 October:10 – 11.Redstone Arsenal, Alabama.

Stubno, Jr., W. J.2005 Luke Matthews of Cotton Hill. Historic Huntsville Quarterly of Local Architecture and

Preservation 31(1 – 2).

United States Census Bureau1830 U.S. Census Madison County Alabama. Madison County Library, Huntsville, Alabama.1840 U.S. Census Madison County Alabama. Madison County Library, Huntsville, Alabama.1850 U.S. Census Madison County Alabama. Madison County Library, Huntsville, Alabama.1860 U.S. Census Madison County ALabama. Madison County Library, Huntsville, Alabama.1870 U.S. Census Madison County Alabama. Madison County Library, Huntsville, Alabama.

United States Congressn.d. Biographical Directory of the American Congress, 1774 – 1949. Electronic Document, BiographicalDirectory of the American Congress, 1774-1949., accessed July 2006.

Valk , Diana and Jeanine Windham, David Price, and Leslie E. Raymer 2011 Archaeological Phase II Testing of Historic Sites 1MA747, 1MA748, and 1MA779. New South

Associates, Technical Report 1968.

Wright, K.2000 Rocket Science: A Historic Context and Assessment of U.S. Army Cold War Potentially Eligible

1946-1989 Redstone Arsenal, Alabama . Prepared for Redstone Arsenal Support Activity, Redstone

Arsenal, Alabama. Fort Worth, TX: Historic Resource Assessments.


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Appendix A: Architectural Drawings

architectural history of redstone arsenal building 7134

Documents