Journal Of Al Azhar University Ngineering Sector

Vol. 13, No. 49, October, 2018, 1346-1358

ARCHITECTURE IN CROWD FARMS:

RELATION BETWEEN HUMAN AND ENERGY

Allaa Shams El-Dien EL-Eshy

1, Ahmed El-Tantawy El-Maadawy

1

and Ahmed Abdalla Mohamed Abdalla2

1Architecture- Dep. Faculty of Engineering, Mansura University

2Architecture- Dep Delta Higher Institute of Engineering and Technolo gy In Mansura

ABSTRACT The energy problems today combine these issues: much of the world's population has too little energy to meet basic human needs; the monetary costs of energy are rising nearly everywhere; the environmental impacts of energy supply are growing and already dominant contributors to global environmental problems. Confront with global energy problems will require greatly increased investment in improving the efficiency of energy end use and in reducing the environmental impacts of contemporary energy technologies. It will require financing a transition over the next several decades to a set of more sustainable and renewable energy sources. Truth be told, we can see that everyone considers the human is the main reason for many problems, especially which related to energy and environment. In the following paragraph, I’ll point out the importance of Life Energy as a solution to energy problems. In streets, malls, buildings, clubs, gym, also at homes. Only by considering the human isn’t a reason of wasting energy but is a resource of generating power, from his movement, heat, playing, breathe, from his life as a clean, sustainable and renewable energy resource. The denial that the energy generated from the human body in power plants seems to me to constitute a fundamental misunderstanding about the real human role in the life and society. Human generating power, Start using the thermal and kinetic energy of people in a lot of buildings. To recapitulate, what we have here is an exposition of how we can deal with crowded farms in Egypt as a human power plant to generate life energy. The intriguing ideas expressed here open the door to questions about how we can use the population in solving our problems, can we consider life energy a new renewable source of energy, what is the efficiency of energy generated from the human.

Keywords: Crowd Farm; Human Power Plant; Life Energy Architecture; Human Generator; Humanitarian Architecture; Archuman

1. INTRODUCTION When energy is scarce or expensive, people can suffer material deprivation and economic hardship (John Holdren, 1991). If we didn’t find new ways that fail to minimize environmental impacts and political costs, these too can threaten human wellbeing, so the major issues I’ll address in this essay are: the global energy problems and pollution which is caused by world’s populations, the new methods to find new renewable and sustainable energy resources to tackle energy problems and to suggest new solution to use population areas to generate energy from humans as a resource of energy.

1.1. Kinds of Current problems For economic growth and development, oil prices at a four-year low raise many uncertainties for energy systems across the world. Stagnant growth means lower demand for energy products. At the same time, global production has surged, driven by the shale revolution in the United States, and the reemergence of some markets in the Middle East and North Africa. Lower energy prices will have uneven impacts on importer and exporter countries. Exporters depend on high prices may find it difficult to meet their budgets. Importers may be able to harness the boost to their balance of payments and reduce fuel subsidies, which currently account for a substantial share of many governments’ budgets. Policy-makers should tackle the corrosive effects of subsidies, but much more is needed to reduce the distortions that they create across energy markets.

ARCHITECTURE IN CROWD FARMS: RELATION BETWEEN HUMAN AND ENERGY

More than half of the world’s population now lives in cities. By 2050, the urban population will have nearly doubled to an estimated 6.4 billion. Most of the increase in urban populations will be in middle- and lower-income countries, which have more limited capacity to manage the new risks being created – and existing risks being exacerbated – by the global urban transition. (WEF_GlobalRisks_Report_2014).

1.2. Reasons, Impacts and Human Role

The environmental impacts of energy supply are increasing and already dominant contributors to local, regional, and global environmental problems (including air pollution, water pollution, ocean pollution, and climate change); and the sociopolitical risks of energy supply are growing too. The difficulty of implementing these measures will be greatest by far in the developing countries, for many reasons because of the attendant extra pressures on economic and managerial resources which caused by their high rates of population growth the attendant extra pressures on economic and managerial resources, if efficiency improvements permit delivering the high standard of living to which the world aspires based on a per capita rate of energy use as low as 3 kilowatts, each additional billion people added to the world population will compound these difficulties and increase energy's costs, making everyone poorer.

In Egypt, we have many problems with energy which increasing every day because of population and the other thing which increases the size of the problem the lack of a clear plan to face them, and our inability to use other methods of generating renewable energy. And thus, we can see that everyone considers the human is the main reason for many problems in the world especially in problems related to energy and the environment. Office buildings in both private and public sector need to healthy spaces and high quality of its indoor environment. The Egyptian public office buildings, in other word the Egyptian governmental buildings suffering from many problems on its indoor environment and have poor thermal performance. It consumes about 5977 KWH in the year (2010/2011) which represents 4.6% of total electricity consumption in Egypt according to the last report of the Egyptian Electricity Holding Company (Fig.1) [1].

1.3. Questions and aims

Fig.1. Energy consumption percentage for

different sectors in Egypt 2010/2011

Research questions: Can the highest rate of population in Egypt be used as a sustainable and renewable resource of energy in our public spaces!? Research Aims: Objective of this research is using human power to contribute in saving energy and find new suitable resource of energy which is sustainable and renewable. Using life energy in all public spaces to generate energy.

2. International Direction Over the last two decades, the rise of emerging markets and developing economies has transformed the global economy, and in the process, reshaped the world’s energy system. With annual growth rates reaching 7.6% during the 2000s,25 emerging economies grew nine times faster than advanced economies between 2007 and 2014; today, they account for 57% of global output.26 With 90% of net energy demand growth until 2035 expected to come from emerging economies, understanding the key trends shaping the energy landscape of these economies offers valuable insights for the future of the global energy system. Energy Savings-Economics and Links to other Policies (WEF_GlobalRisks_Report_2015) [2].

ARCHITECTURE IN CROWD FARMS: RELATION BETWEEN HUMAN AND ENERGY

Fig. 2 New business and investment opportunities are emerging close to the customer [2]

2.1. International experiment For environmental sustainability, a few countries have made ambitious pledges, but global emissions

trends continue to move in the wrong direction. Advanced economies have made promises to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and some emerging economies used the United Nations (UN) Climate Summit to pledge to increase the share of renewables in their fuel mix (e.g. India, Mexico) and target emissions (e.g. Indonesia, Malaysia). More recently, the presidents of the United States and China agreed upon a landmark deal to further curb emissions, with the United States increasing its pledge to cut emissions by 2025, and China announcing that it will peak its emissions by or before 2030. Despite these promises, the current landscape still falls short of these targets, and emissions remain on the rise. One unexpected development may prove to have a significant impact on reducing emissions: popular concerns about air quality in major Chinese cities have prompted the government to address air pollution with an array of mitigation measures, at the core of which is a gradual diversification away from coal. While investment in clean energy has grown, much of it relies on subsidies. Their withdrawal, as was the case in Italy, Spain, Greece and the United Kingdom this year, can have a dramatically negative effect; investment has fallen by 74% in Italy and the United Kingdom as a result [2].

Investment in power generation has grown sharply over the past decade in markets across the OECD, rising from $60 billion in 2000 to $220 billion in 2012 – an annual growth rate of 11% in real terms. Most of the investment in generation (54%) has been in nonhydro renewables – wind, solar, biomass and geothermal – although it still accounts for only a small percentage (7- 8%) of OECD energy generation (Fig.2) [2].

2.2. Sustainable and renewable Resources

Energy reform is required to build future resilience and

enable sustained growth. The slowdown in global economic

growth is a vivid reminder of the need for structural reforms

across many emerging economies, and energy reform is a

critical component of this agenda. Effective energy reform

should reach beyond immediate imperatives to build capacity

for future resilience. This capacity will be tested during times of

crisis, and those with the ability to withstand stress will be most

prepared to adapt to changing conditions. There is no universally

applicable formula for energy reform; each country must

develop and implement policies that address its own unique

circumstances. Despite this, there are lessons to be learned from

successes and failures of other countries to avoid some of the

pitfalls of “learning by doing” (Fig.3) [2].

Fig. 3 Energy policy objectives, as applied to electricity

ARCHITECTURE IN CROWD FARMS: RELATION BETWEEN HUMAN AND ENERGY

2.3. Humanitarian Architecture (Archuman) All of the above make the world go to new sources of renewable energy does not depend on other determinants of sunshine or wind speed, and found than in the human energy located largely in human populations (crowd farms), which have no determinants except human existence which is the main reason also for power consumption. Humans are a rich source of energy. An average-sized person stores as much energy in fat as a 1,000-kg battery [12]. People use muscle to convert this stored chemical energy into a positive mechanical work with a peak efficiency of about 25%. This work can be performed at a high rate, with 100 W easily sustainable [13]. Many devices take advantage of human power capacity to produce electricity, including hand- crank generators as well as windup flashlights, radios, and mobile phone chargers [14]. For electrical power generation over longer durations, it would be desirable to harvest energy from everyday activities such as walking, running, cycling, or even dancing. However, producing substantial energy from these activities is not trivial. And that’s which defined as human power plant. Most human powered energy harvesting systems are used to power ubiquitously deployed sensor networks and mobile electronics. These systems scavenge power from human activity or derive limited energy from ambient heat, light, or vibrations. Systems that use human power by walking or running are analyzed, where an alternative system has been designed, and implemented that generates energy from people dancing in a club environment.

Fig. 4 Sustainable dance floor at the sustainable club

Watt in Rotterdam, The Netherlands [3]

Fig. 5 Equivalent dance-floor model of the energy harvesting,

illustrating (a) the simple mechanical and electrical model

and (b) the schematic of the energy-harvesting part. [4]

Recently, research on energy harvesting has focused on generating electrical power from the shoe sole, with the best devices

being generated around 0.8 W [14]. Alternatively, a spring-loaded backpack [15] has harnessed approximately 7.4 W of

maximum electrical power obtained on the flat during fast walking, using the vertical oscillations of a 38 kg load. While the

backpack does generate significant power levels to other existing devices, the additional degree of freedom provided to the load

could impair the user’s dexterity and lead to increased fatigue. Harvesting human energy in a club environment would

significantly impair comfort since, in this case, the person is situated at the same position, and a non-mobile system has been

created to convert the human dancing motion into electrical energy. As such, a system has been researched that generates energy

from human dancing in a club environment and directly powers a light-emitting diode (LED) light show situated on the top of

the floor tile or around the dancing floor (Fig.4). Harvesting Energy from People as sustainable living gets an increasing foothold

in people’s lives, unobtrusively tapping

some fraction of energy available from

human activity has recently gained

popularity. In the last few decades,

energy harvesting has grown from long-

established concepts into devices, in

general, used for powering ubiquitously

deployed sensor networks and/or

mobile electronics [16]. Recent

developments in the field have led to

the design of a number of mechanisms

that can be used to generate electrical

energy from a variety of sources

including thermal, solar, strain, and

inertia (Fig. 5).

Fig. 6 Illustration which present the amount of power generated from human all over the

world according to the official site of sustainable dance Floor Company [5]

ARCHITECTURE IN CROWD FARMS: RELATION BETWEEN HUMAN AND ENERGY

3. International Examples

How many people does it take to launch the space shuttle? The answer is 84,162,203, all of them taking a single step in a

Crowd Farming system developed by MIT students James Graham and Thaddeus Jusczyk. Together, they have proposed the

creation of a people powered power plant (an idea similar to human-powered gyms, and sustainable dance clubs), in which

people would be generating energy by simple act of walking and moving around (Fig. 6).

84,162,203 persons with taking single step = 5 G.W

Crowd Farm idea would work like this: Boston's South Station railway terminal

would house a responsive sub-flooring system made up of blocks that depress

slightly under the force of human steps would be installed beneath the station's main

lobby. The slippage of the blocks against one another as people walked would

generate power through the principle of the dynamo, a device that converts the

energy of motion into that of an electric current. The electric current generated by the

Crowd Farm could then be used for educational purposes, such as lighting up a sign

about energy (Fig. 7). A single human step can only power two 60W light bulbs for

one flickering second, but a crowd in motion (Boston South station is an estimated

28,527 steps) and the result is enough energy to power a moving train for one second.

3.1. Unit (or Device):

Rotterdam-based company Energy Floors uses an electromechanical

system to turn kinetic energy into electricity. Energy Floors was founded

in 2007 in the Netherlands and has developed a patented technology

creating energy generating floors. The floors are combined with custom

made Energy Experiences: a unique invention that captures energy from

the public and makes it visible. More than 300 temporaries and 20

permanent installations have been realized over the past five years for a

long list of respected clients in more than 20 countries.

Fig. 7 Communergy, how might we create

a physical connection between people and

their electricity in order to make

renewable energy usage a personal and

shared value?

In 2008, Energy Floors successfully launched the world’s first energy

generating dance floor: The Sustainable Dance Floor (SDF) (Fig.8). Next

to generating 8 billion joules up to today, the SDF realized fun and

awareness regarding energy. The latest development is a pedestrian floor

which is the most efficient converter of human footfall into electricity: The

Sustainable Energy Floor (SEF). Patents are granted in Europe and the

U.S.A.

3.1.1. The Sustainable Energy Floor (SEF)

General data: The Sustainable Energy Floor (SEF) is designed

especially for permanent installations in high footfall areas. Customized

appearance combined with individual control per module creates a high

profile floor with great impact. Energy Floors is preparing permanent

projects in places like shopping centers, offices, airports, train stations,

pavements, fitness centers, parking garages etc. People will be able to

generate their own energy that illuminates the space surrounding them,

just by walking (Fig.9).

Fig. 8 Illustration explain how the sustainable floor work [5]

Fig. 9 Illustration explain using SEF in entrances [5]

ARCHITECTURE IN CROWD FARMS: RELATION BETWEEN HUMAN AND ENERGY

Main idea: Their Sustainable Energy Floors are designed for

areas with high footfall, such as shopping malls, sports arenas and

airports. Each step onto a tile can generate between two and 20

joules of energy, which can be used to power nearby lights or

signage.

Application Method: The size of each tiles are 500x500x100

mm. The center of the module (450x450 mm) can be made from

different materials such as recycled ceramics, recycled rubber,

synthetic materials, glass or bamboo. A strong but flexible rubber

seal completely seals the module. It is waterproof up to IP65. The

housing is made from very strong stainless steel. Even when secured

to the floor, the module can be opened from the top and can be

removed for maintenance. The SEF modules, when regularly

maintained as described our service contract, have an expected life

time of minimum 15 years. SEF set for use on top of existing

flooring. Instead of a frame, a ramp can be applied. The tiles can

also be integrated in the surrounding flooring (Fig.10).

Results: The design of the center can be further customized. The

colored elements can light up as a form of interaction whenever

someone steps on the module. Different set ups and designs are

possible, as well as various ways of lighting up the LED panels

(slowly, intense, fading, etc.). Here a few examples are being

displayed in what way the surface of a Sustainable Energy Floor

(here containing of 36 tiles) can be used to create a bigger visual

effect. It is also possible use to evenly laminated tile-space (Fig.14).

3.1.2. The Sustainable Dance Floor (SDF)

Fig. 10 SEF module integrated in the floor [5]

Fig. 11 Illustration explain how the sustainable dance floor

SDF work [5]

General data: The Sustainable Dance Floor (SDF) fully customized audio-

visual applications connected to the floor create a user experience and reflect

the clients’ vision and ambitions regarding sustainability. This interactive tool

has been a pitch winning concept for events of many well- known creative

agencies and brands. Being fully modular, the Sustainable Dance Floor allows

for a large amount of possible sizes, shapes and setup designs. The experience

can be completely customized in order to fit any of the client’s wishes.

Main idea: Its Sustainable Dance Floor uses the movement of dancers to light up

the ground beneath their feet. The interactive light show was designed to raise

awareness of the potential of kinetic energy, and has proved popular for corporate

and public events, but they have since developed a new product with more

practical benefits (Fig.11).

Application Method: Tile compression when stepped, danced or jumped on, the

floor tiles are compressed by 10mm (0.4in) before springing back up again when

the pressure’s off. Generating power from the vertical movement of the floor tile

drives a small internal generator (Fig.12). Smart floor using electricity from the

generator powers a microchip, which in turn controls the LED lights within the

floor tile. Light show from the LED lights give visual feedback that the dancer’s

movements are generating electricity and creates a groovy light show. Power

output: each 75 x 75 x 20cm (30 x 30 x 8in) tile can produce up to 35W of

sustained electricity output, with 5-20W produced by each person. Excess power:

Any extra electricity created can be fed back into the power grid or used to power

interactive signage.

Fig. 12 Output power as a function of

the load and gear ratio. [5]

Fig. 13 The Sustainable Dance Floor (SDF)

ARCHITECTURE IN CROWD FARMS: RELATION BETWEEN HUMAN AND ENERGY

[5]

ARCHITECTURE IN CROWD FARMS: RELATION BETWEEN HUMAN AND ENERGY

Results: Every module can produce up to 15 watts (with peaks up to 25 watt) and it is possible to connect up to 160 dance

floor modules to one controller system. The Sustainable Dance Floor can directly power other equipment. There are some

restraints: every module produces up to 15W of sustained power per module. You can power other equipment but you will

need twice the amount of modules. So for example if your equipment requires 150w, you need 2x (150W/15W) = 20 modules

(Fig.13).

Fig. 14 Few examples are being displayed in what way the surface of SEF (36 modules) [5]

3.2. Indoor (or Building)

3.2.1. Energy-Generating Floors to Power Tokyo Subways

General data: When the East Japan Railway Company (JR East)

decided to invest in alternative energy sources, it only had to look to its

users for the perfect source of energy. Recently the company decided to

update their Tokyo Station with a revolutionary new piezoelectric

energy generating floor. The system will harvest the kinetic energy

generated by crowds to power ticket gates and display systems (Fig.17).

Main idea: Piezoelectric flooring is a technology with a wide range of

applications that is slowly being adopted in the race to develop

alternative energy sources. After all, human power is readily available

in pretty much any area with heavy foot traffic, such as a dancefloor, or

a tourist attraction (Fig.15).

Results: JR East has been trialing these systems for the past year. They

have recently improved and expanded the system by changing the floor

covering from rubber to stone tiles, and have improved the layout of the

mechanisms to improve energy generation. The total amount of floor-

space will add up to around 25 square meters, and they expect to obtain

over 1,400kw per day – more than enough to power their systems

(Fig.16).

Fig. 15 Ticket gates and display

systems in Tokyo Station [6]

Fig. 16 Tokyo Station with a revolutionary

new piezoelectric energy generating floor [6]

Fig. 17 Piezoelectric energy generating floor harvest the kinetic energy generated by crowds [6]

ARCHITECTURE IN CROWD FARMS: RELATION BETWEEN HUMAN AND ENERGY

3.3. Outdoor (or Urban Spaces)

3.3.1. Westfield Stratford City Shopping Centre

General data: more than 30 million shoppers per a year, the

Westfield Stratford City Shopping Centre has plenty of foot traffic.

The mall plans to install a grid of Pavegens in a main crossing

outdoors between the shopping Centre and the London Main Stadium,

which is known as the heaviest trafficked area the grid will generate

power the entire mall’s lighting system (Fig.19).

Main idea: The Pavegen floor tiles flex a slight 5 millimeters when

stepped on, capturing kinetic energy which is either stored in lithium

polymer batteries beneath its surface or converted into 2.1 watt-hours

of electricity and distributed throughout surrounding lights.

Fig. 18 The Pavegen Floor Tiles [7]

The first designs were aimed at illuminating small spaces like bus stops, ticket machines, refrigerators, and shop signs, but

with a large number of Pavegens, the possibilities are nearly limitless [7].

The tiles specifications: The Pavegen tiles themselves are completely eco-friendly. The entire casing is made of marine

grade stainless steel and recycled polymer with low carbon concrete. The top surface is built entirely of old truck tires that

are not only a great use of recycled material, but also make the tiles incredibly durable throughout years of weather and

wear. Even the manufacturing of the Pavegens is kept within 200 miles of the company’s main office, reducing energy

wasted through transportation and assembly (Fig.18).

Results: After winning the Big Idea category of the U.K.’s Observer Ethical Awards earlier this year, Kembell-Cook is now

in the running to win the Shell Livewire Young Entrepreneur of 2011 Award which would give him 10,000 ₤ to use towards

his invention (Fig.20).

Fig. 20 The Pavegens tiles details [8] Fig. 19 Pavegens in a main crossing outdoors between the

shopping Centre and the London [7]

3.3.2. New Piezoelectric Railways Harvest Energy from Passing Trains

General data: Piezoelectric technology generates energy from pressure and stress on certain surfaces, and we’ve seen it

harvest electricity from roads and dance floors to power lights and signs. Recently Israeli company Innowattech unveiled a

new use for this versatile energy tech. They’re planning to install piezoelectric pads throughout the country’s railways to

generate electricity (Fig.21).

ARCHITECTURE IN CROWD FARMS: RELATION BETWEEN HUMAN AND ENERGY

Main idea: The Company has previously used piezoelectric pads on

Israeli highways, and now they’re using similar (albeit larger) devices

on railways. Innowattech plans on substituting 32 standard railway pads

with their own piezoelectric IPEG PADS, which are of a similar design.

In addition to generating energy, the new IPEG pads can determine the

size of the wheel that passes over them, as well as the speed and weight

of the vehicle. A prototype of the energy-generating system was

installed last year by the Technion University and Israel Railways in

order to show the benefits of the technology (Fig.22).

Results: The project discovered that a railway track with trafficked by

10 to 20 ten-car trains could produce as much as 120 kWh, which could

be used to power infrastructural systems such as signs and lights. Any

surplus energy would then be uploaded to the country’s power grid

(Fig.23).

Fig. 21 Piezoelectric pads [9]

Fig. 22 Different types of piezoelectric pads [9] Fig. 23 Concept of Piezoelectric pads [9]

4. Case Study (Main Entrance for Mansoura University “El-Baron Gate”)

Mansoura University was founded in 1972 in Mansoura city, Egypt.

Mansoura is located at the middle of the Nile Delta in Egypt. It is one

of the biggest Egyptian universities and has contributed much to the

cultural and scientific life in Mansoura and Egypt. The faculty of

medicine was founded in 1962 as a branch of Cairo University. In

1972, a presidential decree announced the establishment of the

University under the name "East Delta University". Later on, its name

was changed to Mansoura University in 1973 (Fig.24, 25, 26).

More than 150.000 persons dealing with Mansoura University in different

sectors (Faulty members, undergraduates, postgraduates …etc.) according

to official site of the university. By dividing this number on the five main

entrances of the university, that’s mean we have an average more than

30.000 persons per entrance.

Fig. 25 Numbers of

Mansoura University users

in different sectors [10]

Fig. 26 Mansoura

University Campus

Content [10]

Fig. 24 Mansoura

University Last Ranking

according to

Webometrics System [10]

ARCHITECTURE IN CROWD FARMS: RELATION BETWEEN HUMAN AND ENERGY

In this paper we took the main entrance which called “El-Baron Gate” to apply our ideas

on it. And making suggestion solutions in design and urban of this area to generate power

from this huge number of people which crossing this gate every day (Fig.27, 28, 29, 30).

Fig. 27 Main Entrance for Mansoura University “El-Baron Gate” (Real Photo)

Fig. 28 “El-Baron Gate” (Real Photo)

Fig. 29 “El-Baron Gate” (Real

Photo from Google Earth)

Fig. 30 Outline of Mansoura University Campus (Real Photo from Google Earth)

We are dividing “El-Baron Gate” to four study zones: Zone (A): Pedestrian entrance

We are adding six integrated ideas as a redesign

proposal to convert this gate to a sustainable one:

Zone (B): Car entrance

Zone (C): Entrance lobby

Zone (D): Footpath

1. LED signage

2. LED Screen

3. Bluetooth Cameras

4. LED lights

5. Smart seating

6. New footpath

Fig. 31 Layout for

“El-Baron Gate”

(3D Model for

study) Before &

After

Before After

ARCHITECTURE IN CROWD FARMS: RELATION BETWEEN HUMAN AND ENERGY

ZONES STUDY

(Fig.31, 32, 33, 34).

Zone (A): Changing the fence path to make a

lobby in zone(c) because now people enter in a

path not in a gathering space. This idea will

make a suitable area inside and outside the

entrance to accommodate with overcrowding in

rush hours. We took the path behind the

entrance and added this to the front of the

entrance to increase its area and make another

path after zone (D).

Zone (B): Main cars entrance we will add 6

tiles of piezoelectric pads which put in cars way

to generate power as we explain before. We

talk here about 5.000 car as an average per day

will cross above this tiles and generate power.

Zone (C): This is the most important zone in

our proposal, this area is 100m2. Which more

than 30.000 person cross from every day in an

average 10 hours per day. So we will cover this

with SEF. For walking, SEF is more suitable, it

is designed for this kind of movement. The

power is calculated as:

Number of tiles = 100m2 / (.75*.75) = 177 tiles

Fig. 32 Perspective for “El-Baron Gate” (3D Model for study) Before & After

Power = 30.000 person * 177 SEF tiles * 7 Joule per step = 37.17 MJ = 37.17 MJ / 3.6 = 10.325 KWh

Zone (D): Main footpath, in our proposal we put 50 random tiles of Pavegen tiles with different natural recycled map. The energy

harvested from Pavegen tiles can be used to power low-voltage local applications. The greater the footfall, the larger the number

of tiles, the more Pavegen can power.

Power = 30.000 person * 50 Pavegen tiles * 7 Joule per step = 10.5 MJ = 10.5 MJ / 3.6 = 2.9 KWh

IDEAS STUDY

Fig. 33 Bird eye for “El-Baron Gate” (3D Model for study) Before & After

Fig. 34 Bird eye for “El-Baron Gate” (3D Model for study) Before & After

Before After

Before After

Before

After

ARCHITECTURE IN CROWD FARMS: RELATION BETWEEN HUMAN AND ENERGY

The energy harvested from different types of tiles can be used to power low-voltage

local applications such as lighting, advertisement displays, wireless systems and way

finding lighting solutions.

1. LED signage: Self lighting from saving the energy generated from tiles and

reusing it in advertising.

2. LED Screen: Screen shows in it number of people which enter the university

every day and the amount of power generated from them to raise awareness.

3. Bluetooth Cameras: Cameras and Wi-Fi spots work with generated power from

people.

4. LED lights: with a sensor, for lighting on demand by using generated power also.

5. Smart Seating: sustainable seating which contain Wi-Fi spots and all of this

fixtures use human power which generated from kinetic energy of people.

6. New footpath: We added this path to serve users in the lift side of the university

(Fig.35, 36).

CONCLUSION Results of our applications met that we can generate more than 15 KWh every day

from only one (Entering) entrance of the University and we can double the amount

of generated power to 30 KWh every day by doing the same to the exiting area in the

same gate. We can also dissemination the experience to all of university entrances to

increase the amount of generated power from human crowd farms. For example, the

generated amount from only one day can be used in (Fig.37):

Power a connected system of 100 W for 150 hours

Power device or something of 1 kW for 15 hours

Power 1095 computers for a full day

Power 37 computers for a month

Fig. 35 The Pavegen Tiles in footpath [7]

Fig. 36 The Pavegen Tiles customized

cover

high-performing energy system. Choosing inaction

today is likely to result in deeper challenges in the

future. Successful energy reform is as much about

implementation as it is about effective design – strong

governance, market effectiveness and public

engagement are fundamental. Governments architecting

the future energy transition along these principles will

reap the rewards in the long term. When we care about this new sustainable and

renewable resource of energy, it’ll make a lot of differences in urban design

standards. We look forward to make the reason of the energy problem and

pollution (human) to be one of the main reasons to solve the problem. Finally,

it’s not only a new field of research; it’s more than a new vision for our life and

our future.

Recommendations

Considering the measured harvested power levels, it should be taken into account

that a further energy saving is apparent, when comparing this dance floor to grid-

connected devices, due to the lack of electric transmission losses. However,

arguably more important, this dance floor has increased the public awareness by

visualizing power from the people to the clubbing public. This visualization, co

mbined with a generating experience, is a very important factor to let young

people understand what energy generation comprehends, and the finite energy

resources ultimately make people to use energy with much more care. Social and environmental issues are worldwide and will

always demand attention. As such, sustainability is more the beginning of a new corporate attitude or lifestyle than a dying trend.

Numerous examples exist, and companies working on their sustainability are very profitable, e.g., due to loyalty and

motivation of employees, loyalty of customers, imagination, and innovation. Therefore, in addition to club environments,

improved systems are being developed that unnoticeably harvest or steal power from the people for application within train

stations, busy traffic intersections, and airports. Governments all over the world especially in development countries should to

take steps to solve its energy and population issues with dealing with human. We suggest to make an evaluation system for

public building or spaces to give the license for these buildings if it’s put human factor in these designs and urban to encourage

in interesting in this new field of power (Fig.38).

`

Fig. 37 Different ways of using generated power [8]

ARCHITECTURE IN CROWD FARMS: RELATION BETWEEN HUMAN AND ENERGY

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