INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY

ARCL0135: Aegean Prehistory: major themes and current debates

2018-19 MA Option Module (15 credits)

Tuesdays 9:00-11:00 (Room 410).

Turnitin Class ID: 3885544; Turnitin Password: IoA1819 Deadline essay 1: 25th February Deadlines essay 2: 8th April

Co-ordinator: Borja Legarra Herrero b.legarra@ucl.ac.uk. Office 103, Tel 020 7679 4607

Office hours: stop-in if door is open.

Please see the last page of this document for important information about submission and marking

procedures, or links to the relevant webpages.

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1. Overview Short description This course provides selective thematic coverage of the Bronze Age Aegean, c. 3000-1100 BC. Structured around student interests, this year will focus on the southern Aegean across the entire timespan, with consideration of its Mediterranean context, with some emphasis toward the later Bronze Age. Drawing on the region’s exceptional wealth of archaeological data, and set within a theoretically informed, problem-oriented framework, the course explores alternative perspectives and aims to introduce students to current interpretations, debates and avenues for future research. It locates prehistoric Aegean societies relative to contemporary Mediterranean and Near Eastern societies, and so generates a link between traditionally separate fields. Themes of recurrent importance include social, political and economic structures, the significance of material culture, local and longer-range interaction, the archaeologies of ideology, power and death, and the integration of textual evidence with material data. Week-by-week summary: Tuesdays 9-11, Room 410 Week Date Session Subject 1 08/01 Seminar 1. Introduction, frameworks, and the Aegean context.

2 15/01 Seminar 2. Social dynamics in the Early Bronze Age southern Aegean.

3 22/01 Seminar 3. The emergence of the Minoan palace-states.

4 29/01 Seminar 4. Palatial Crete: society, economy, polity and ideology.

5 05/02 Seminar 5. Minoanisation / The raise of the Mainland

6 12/02 Reading Week (BM seminar)

7 19/02 Seminar 6. The end of the Neopalatial Cretan polities.

8 26/02 Seminar 7. Mycenaean polities: society, economy, polity and ideology.

9 05/03 Seminar 8. Mycenaeanisation.

10 12/03 Seminar 9. Mycenaean Interaction with the Mediterranean.

11 19/03 Seminar 10. The collapse of Aegean Bronze Age polities.

Basic texts Warren, P.M. 1989. The Aegean Civilisations (revised edition; short book-length introduction). Issue

desk WAR; DAG 10 Qto WAR; YATES Qto A 22 WAR Dickinson, O.T.P.K. 1994. The Aegean Bronze Age (long the standard textbook, organised by themes

rather than periods). IoA Issue Desk DIC; DAE 100 DIC; online. Fitton, J.L. 2002. Minoans. London: British Museum. DAG 14 FIT. Schofield, L. 2007. The Mycenaeans. London: British Museum. DAE 100 SCH. Cline, E. (ed.) 2010. The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze Age Aegean (ca. 3000-1000 BC). Oxford:

OUP. ISSUE DESK IoA CLI 2; online. Shelmerdine, C. (ed.) 2008. The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age. Cambridge: CUP.

ISSUE DESK IoA SHE 16; DAG 100 SHE; online. Bintliff, J.L. 2012. The Complete Archaeology of Greece. From hunter-gatherers to the 20th century

A.D. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. DAE 100 BIN. An overview of the broader chronological context.

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Broodbank, C. 2013. The Making of the Middle Sea. London: Thames and Hudson. The wider Mediterranean chronological and geographical context.

Teaching methods The course is taught as a series of 10 weekly seminars in Term II (Tuesdays 9-11am, Room 410), to discuss and debate the subject defined for that week. Seminars have weekly required readings, which students will be expected to have read to be able fully to follow and actively to contribute to the discussion. There will also be an object presentation in the British Museum in association with the first piece of assessed coursework, and an additional optional British Museum visit to view the Aegean material in the galleries. Workload There will be 20 hours of seminars for this course, plus the British Museum presentation (c. 2.5 hours). Students will be expected to undertake around 80 hours of reading for the course, plus 45 hours preparing for and producing the assessed work. This adds up to a total workload of some 150 hours for the course. Prerequisites This course does not have a formal prerequisite. However, students should ideally have some familiarity with Aegean prehistory through previous study, to ensure that they have the background to get the most out of the Masters level seminars. There is no good textbook which covers the material for this course, but anyone needing to brush-up could usefully consult the on-line resource produced by Jerry Rutter at Dartmouth College <http://www.dartmouth.edu/~prehistory/aegean/>. 2. Aims, objectives and assessment Aims • To provide advanced, well-rounded training in the archaeology of the Bronze Age Aegean. • To instruct students in critical evaluation of current research (problems, methods and theory, the

quality of evidence and substantive results). • To familiarise students with major elements and examples of Aegean material culture relevant to

the period, and analytical and interpretive approaches to them. • To introduce students to important current research projects. • To prepare students to undertake original research in Aegean prehistoric archaeology. Objectives On successful completion of this course a student should: • Have a solid overview of major developments and interpretive perspectives in Aegean prehistory,

with greater in-depth knowledge of topics on which coursework has been written, and a general understanding of how the Aegean region fits into a wider Mediterranean and European context.

• Understand the main interpretive paradigms that have dominated the field, as well as their strengths and weaknesses, enabling assessment and criticism of the structure or rationale of arguments and interpretations in the literature.

• Recognise a broad range of the material culture from the period, and understand its cultural significance as well as its interpretive potential.

• Be able to explore data from the prehistoric Aegean using a wide range of theoretical approaches current in archaeology.

Learning outcomes On completion of the course, students will have enhanced their skills in critical reading and reflection, be aware of how to evaluate alternative interpretations, developed their skills in applying ideas and methods to bodies of data, become proficient in combining information and ideas from different sources, improved their peer-debating skills, and honed their ability to express arguments clearly in written form. They will have gained the background required to define and pursue original research in Aegean prehistory.

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Methods of assessment This course is assessed by a total of 4,000 words of coursework. This is divided into (i) a 1,000-word written version of an oral presentation to the group (plus the Course Coordinator and Andrew Shapland, Curator of the Aegean Bronze Age collections at the Department of Greece and Rome) on an object selected by each student (subject to approval) from the British Museum collections (contributing 20% of the course mark), and (ii) a 3,000-word essay (contributing 80% of the course mark). Together these comprise 100% of the mark awarded for the course. Topics and specific titles for the essays are defined by each student to suit their individual interests, in consultation with (and with the approval of) the Course Co-ordinator, who will give guidance to ensure that the question is answerable, that it is neither too narrow nor too broad, and that it is being approached in an effective way. He can also advise on relevant readings from the seminar lists, plus additional reading that may be appropriate. If students are unclear about the nature of an assignment, they should contact the Course Co-ordinator. Written version of oral presentation: Monday 25 February 2019. Essay: Monday 8 April 2019. Coursework content Like almost any satisfactory piece of academic writing, your essays should present an argument supported by evidence and analysis. Typically your analysis will include a critical evaluation (not simply summary or description) of the principal or most relevant previous ideas and arguments, and develop your own reasoned argument, supporting, critiquing, or combining elements of earlier scholarship, or developing a new perspective or synthesis. Some guidelines on academic essay writing will be circulated closer to the essay submission date, but two points relevant to all MA essay writing deserve mention now. First, express your arguments in your own words; your essay is meant to demonstrate your understanding of an issue. Some submitted essays are essentially just a string of quotations illustrating what others have said, but this does not demonstrate a critical assessment of those claims, or a clear understanding of the issues. The worst essays end up being little more than a paraphrase of Trigger, Johnson or another general source. These simply demonstrate that you have read those sources, not that you understand them. Use a range of sources to engage with different perspectives on a topic, and you will have something to critically assess and adjudicate between, or even pick and choose points from, and synthesise your own perspective. Second, do not rely on web sources. There is no vetting system on the web (unlike academic publications), so anyone can publish whatever nonsense they wish; unfortunately Aegean Prehistory attracts a lot of this. You should be extremely cautious about relying on information from websites, and should not, normally, use them as sources for academic essays. The reliable information in them has almost invariably come from some other source, and if they are academically reputable sites, they should be properly referenced, so you can chase ideas back to the original source. The exceptions are official fieldwork project websites, which may contain information not otherwise published. If you feel information from a website is essential to your argument and you cannot track it back to an original published source, ask the Course Co-ordinator whether it is reputable, before relying on it. If students are unclear about the nature of an assignment, they should contact the Course Co-ordinator. The Course Co-ordinator will be willing to discuss an outline of your approach to an assessment, provided this is planned suitably in advance of the submission date. Students are not permitted to re-write and re-submit essays in order to try to improve their marks. Coursework production and submission General policies and procedures concerning courses and coursework, including submission procedures, assessment criteria, and general resources, are available in your Degree Handbook and on the following website: <http://wiki.ucl.ac.uk/display/archadmin>; see also the Appendix. It is

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essential that you read and comply with these. Note that some of the policies and procedures will be different depending on your status (e.g. undergraduate, postgraduate taught, affiliate, graduate diploma, intercollegiate, interdepartmental). If in doubt, please consult the Course Co-ordinator. For this course, please do not use fancy fonts or, for the text, a font size less than 11 point, and use 1.5 line spacing to allow the marker space to make comments on the text. A smaller font size (8-10) and 1.0 line height may be used for the bibliography (to reduce printing costs), as long as it is still readable, and two-sided printing is welcome (to save paper and trees). Please leave at least 1 inch/2.5 cm margins to allow room for comments. There is no need to use a separate title page for essays (why pay for the extra page), and please do not use plastic folders, covers, etc. (I just have to take them off to read it). Illustrations are welcome, but only if they are directly relevant to your argument (i.e. not as generic filler). All coursework must normally be submitted both as hard copy and electronically. You should staple the appropriate colour-coded IoA coversheet (available in the IoA library and outside room 411a) to the front of each piece of work and submit it to the red box at the Reception Desk. All coursework should be uploaded to Turnitin by midnight on the day of the deadline. This will date-stamp your work. It is essential to upload all parts of your work as this is sometimes the version that will be marked.

Note that Turnitin uses the term ‘class’ for what we normally call a ‘course’. 1. Ensure that your essay or other item of coursework has been saved as a Word doc., docx. or PDF document, and that you have the Class ID for the course (3885544) and enrolment password (this is IoA1819 for all courses this session - note that this is capital letter I, lower case letter o, upper case A, followed by the current academic year). 2. Click on http://www.turnitinuk.com/en_gb/login 3. Click on ‘Create account’. 4. Select your category as ‘Student’. 5. Create an account using your UCL email address. Note that you will be asked to specify a new password for your account - do not use your UCL password or the enrolment password, but invent one of your own (Turnitin will permanently associate this with your account, so you will not have to change it every 6 months, unlike your UCL password). In addition, you will be asked for a “Class ID” and a ‘Class enrolment password’ (see point 1 above). 6. Once you have created an account you can just log in at http://www.turnitinuk.com/en_gb/login and enrol for your other classes without going through the new user process again. Simply click on ‘Enrol in a class’. Make sure you have all the relevant ‘class IDs’ at hand. 7. Click on the course to which you wish to submit your work. 8. Click on the correct assignment (e.g. Essay 1). 9. Double-check that you are in the correct course and assignment and then click ‘Submit’. 10. Attach document as a ‘Single file upload’ 11. Enter your name (the examiner will not be able to see this). 12. Fill in the ‘Submission title’ field with the right details: It is essential that the first word in the title is your examination candidate number (e.g. YGBR8_G195_Essay1). 13. Click ‘Upload’. When the upload is finished, you will be able to see a text-only version of your submission. 14 Click on ‘Submit’. If you have problems, please e-mail the IoA Turnitin Advisers on ioa-turnitin@ucl.ac.uk, explaining the nature of the problem and the specific course and assignment involved.

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One of the Turnitin Advisers will normally respond within 24 hours, Monday-Friday during term. Please be sure to email the Turnitin Advisers if technical problems prevent you from uploading work in time to meet a submission deadline - even if you do not obtain an immediate response from one of the Advisers they will be able to notify the relevant Course Coordinator that you had attempted to submit the work before the deadline.

For this course, ensure your essay has been submitted to Turnitin by midnight on the specified due date. You can submit the hard copy on the following weekday. If you have a last-minute problem submitting your essay to Turnitin, contact the Turnitin adviser for help, but also e-mail a copy of your final version to the Course Co-ordinator, to ensure it is registered as submitted on time. To accord with UCL regulations on anonymous marking, all coursework cover-sheets must be identified with student Candidate Numbers only, not names. This is a 5 digit alphanumeric code and can be found on Portico; it is different from the Student Number/ID. The filenames for all assessed work submitted through ‘Turnitin’, should include the student’s Candidate Number, not name as a unique identifier (e.g. YBPR6 _G195_Assessment_1). Please do this, as otherwise it is difficult to match hard-copy of your essay with the Turnitin version on-line. 3. Schedule and syllabus The following session-by-session outline identifies the essential and a wider range of additional readings relevant to each topic. The essential readings are necessary to keep up with the topics covered in the seminars, and it is expected that students will have read these prior to the relevant session. These have been kept to five readings for each topic (with difficulty), and the recommended readings are given for students with a particular interest in the topic. These are intended to allow students to follow their interests, and as places to begin when researching for essays. The readings for this course are largely available in the Institute’s own library, with essential readings in the Institute of Archaeology Teaching Collection, in books held at the Library Issue Desk, journals available on-line, and pdfs on the course Moodle. Works not held in the Institute’s library are usually available in the UCL Main Library (specifically in Ancient History, Classics or Comparative Philology) and the DMS Watson Science Library. It may also be worth obtaining access to the library of the Institute of Classical Studies (ICS) in Senate House in Malet Street, a 5-minute walk away, for very specialist literature. The reading list indicates where in the UCL library system the essential reading is available. The location and Teaching Collection (TC) number, and status (e.g. if on loan) for all UCL holdings can be accessed on the UCL Explore on-line catalogue. Volumes in the Institute of Classical Studies can be located using the University of London Schools of Advanced Studies on-line catalogue: <http://catalogue.ulrls.lon.ac.uk/search~S7>. Teaching schedule Seminar 1: 9 January. Introduction, frameworks and the Aegean context. The session will briefly outline the aims of the course, its organisation, assessments and resources. The discussion will look at how the Aegean’s significance in the wider world has been understood, as illustrated by a series of archaeologists writing over the last 45 years. They should ideally be read in the order listed, so as to appreciate the succession of paradigms, and significance of changes in perspectives. Essential Renfrew, A.C. 1972. The Emergence of Civilisation: The Cyclades and the Aegean in the Third

Millennium BC. Chapters 1-4. TC 498; IoA Issue Desk REN 7; DAG 100 REN; YATES A22 REN; Science ANTHROPOLOGY C7 REN. In reaction to traditional diffusionary approaches, Renfrew stresses the cultural and developmental autonomy of Aegean civilisation, using a systems approach to explain the rise of palace societies as an endogenous process. Retrospectives (including by Renfrew) can be found in J. Barrett and P. Halstead (eds) 2004. The Emergence of Civilisation Revisited.

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Sherratt, A.G. 1993. What would a Bronze Age world-system look like? Relations between temperate Europe and the Mediterranean in late prehistory. Journal of European Archaeology 1.2:1-58. TC 499; IoA Pers; e-journals. Sherratt emphasises the insufficiencies of Renfrew’s independence/isolationist model, and returns to stressing connections with the East and the importance of the location of the Aegean relative to Europe.

Hamilakis, Y. 2002. What future for the ‘Minoan’ past? Rethinking Minoan archaeology. In, Y. Hamilakis (ed.) Labyrinth Revisited. Rethinking ‘Minoan’ archaeology. Oxford: Oxbow Books:2-28. TC 2743; IoA Issue Desk HAM; DAG 14 HAM. Draws on a range of post-processual approaches for the study of Aegean prehistory, its role in the present, and the agendas of modern archaeologists.

Recommended Andreou, S. 2005. The landscapes of modern Greek Aegean archaeology. In, J. Cherry, D.

Margomenou and L. Talalay (eds) Prehistorians Round the Pond. Reflections on Aegean prehistory as a discipline. (Kelsey Museum Publication 2) Ann Arbor, Michigan: 73-92.

Barrett, J. and Halstead, P. (eds) 2004. The Emergence of Civilisation Revisited. Oxford. (Particularly Preface, chapters by Cherry, Halstead, Renfrew.)

Bintliff, J.L. 1984. Structuralism and the Minoan myth. Antiquity 58:33-8. Cherry, J.F. , D. Margomenou and L. Talalay (eds.) 2005. Prehistorians Round the Pond: reflections on

Aegean prehistory as a discipline. Ann Arbor: Kelsey Museum. Cullen, T. 2001. Voices and visions of Aegean Prehistory. In, T. Cullen (ed.) Aegean Prehistory. A

Review. (AJA, Supplement 1):1-18. Fotiadis, M. 1993. Regions of the Imagination: Archaeologists, Local People, and the Archaeological

Record in Fieldwork, Greece. Journal of European Archaeology 1 (2)151-168. Kardulias, P.N. 1994. Paradigms of the Past in Greek Archaeology. In, P.N. Kardulias (ed.) Beyond the

Site. Regional Studies in the Aegean Area. London: University Press of America:1-23. Kotsakis, K. 1991. The powerful past: theoretical trends in Greek archaeology. In, I. Hodder (ed.)

Archaeological Theory in Europe: The Last Three Decades. London:65-90. MacEnroe, J. 1995. Sir Arthur Evans and Edwardian archaeology. Classical Bulletin 71:3-18. McNeal, R.A. 1972. The Greeks in history and prehistory. Antiquity 46:19-28. McNeal, R.A. 1973. The legacy of Arthur Evans. California Studies in Classical Antiquity 6:205-20. McNeal, R.A. 1975. Helladic prehistory through the looking-glass. Historia 24:3:385-401. Morris, S.P. 1990. Greece and the East. JMA 3:57-66. Papadopoulos, J. 2005. Inventing the Minoans: archaeology, modernity and the quest for European

identity. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 18:87-149. Renfrew, A.C. 1980. The great tradition versus the great divide: archaeology as anthropology? AJA

84:287-98. Snodgrass, A.M. 1985. The new archaeology and the classical archaeologist. AJA 89:31-7. Tartaron, Thomas F. 2008. Aegean Prehistory as World Archaeology: Recent Trends in the

Archaeology of Bronze Age Greece. Journal of Archaeological Research 16.2. p. 83-161. Seminar 2: 15 January Social dynamics in the Early Bronze Age southern Aegean. The Early Bronze Age, roughly the 3rd millennium BC, saw widespread changes in Aegean societies and economies. These are commonly seen as an essential back-drop to the rise of the first palatial societies in the 2nd millennium BC, though exactly how and through what mechanisms remains a matter of intense debate. The general picture of EBA ‘proto-urban societies’ in the Aegean was constructed by Renfrew by drawing on different types of evidence from across the entire region. Despite a further 45 years of research, the different regions of the Aegean have steadfastly resisted falling into such a neat homogenized pattern. This seminar will try to identify some of these contrasts, while aiming to define the different nature of societies in different parts of the broader region. The readings provide an overview of most of the arguments currently being discussed for Crete, the Cyclades and the southern

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Mainland. This session provides a background for considering in the following seminar, in what ways Crete was different, and how/why it developed differently from the end of the third millennium. Essential Pullen, D. 2008. The Early Bronze Age in Greece. In, C. Shelmerdine (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to

the Aegean Bronze Age, 19-46. On-line. Broodbank, C. 2008. The Early Bronze Age in the Cyclades. In, C. Shelmerdine (ed.) The Cambridge

Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age, 47-76. On-line. Sahoglu, V. 2005. The Anatolian trade network and the Izmir region during the Early Bronze Age.

Oxford Journal of Archaeology 24:339-61. IoA Pers; e-journals. Legarra Herrero, B. 2009. The Minoan fallacy: cultural diversity and mortuary behaviour on Crete at

the beginning of the Bronze Age. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 28: 29-57. IoA Pers; e-journals. Weiberg, E. 2017. Contrasting Histories in Early Bronze Age Aegean: Uniformity, Regionalism and the

Resilience of Societies in the Northeast Peloponnese and Central Crete. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 27:479-94. IoA Pers; e-journals.

Recommended Greek mainland: Forsen, J. 2010. 'Early Bronze Age: Mainland Greece.' In, E. Cline (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of the

Bronze Age Aegean (ca. 3000-1000 BC). Oxford:53-65. Maran, J. and M. Kostoula. 2014. The spider's web: innovation and society in the Early Helladic

'Period of the Corridor Houses’. In Y. Galanakis, T. Wilkinson and J. Bennet (eds) Αθύρματα: Critical Essays on the Archaeology of the Eastern Mediterranean in Honour of E. Susan Sherratt. Oxford: Archaeopress: 141-158.

Peperaki, O. 2016. The Value of Sharing: Seal Use, Food Politics, and the Negotiation of Labor in Early Bronze II Mainland Greece. AJA 120:3-25.

Pullen, D.J. 1992. Ox and plow in the Early Bronze Age Aegean. AJA 96:45-54. Pullen, D.J. 1994. Modeling Mortuary Behavior on a Regional Scale: A Case Study from Mainland

Greece in the Early Bronze Age. In, P.N. Kardulias (ed.) Beyond the Site. Regional Studies in the Aegean Area. London: University Press of America:113-136.

Pullen, D.J. 1994. A lead seal from Tsoungiza, ancient Nemea, and Early Bronze Age sealing systems. American Journal of Archaeology 98:35-52.

Pullen, D.J. 2003. Site size, territory, and hierarchy: measuring levels of integration and social change in Neolithic and Bronze Age Aegean societies. In, K. Foster and R. Laffineur (eds.) METRON. Measuring the Aegean Bronze Age. (Aegaeum 24) Liège:29-36.

Pullen, D. 2011. 'Before the palaces: redistribution and chiefdoms in mainland Greece.' American Journal of Archaeology 115:185-95.

Rutter, J.B. 1993. ‘Review of Aegean Prehistory II: the prepalatial Bronze Age of the southern and central Greek mainland’, American Journal of Archaeology 97: 745-97 (focus on 758-74 for the EBA).

Shaw, J. 1987. ‘The Early Helladic corridor house: development and form’, AJA 91: 59-79. Weiberg, E. 2007. Thinking the Bronze Age: Life and Death in Early Helladic Greece (Uppsala Studies

in Ancient Mediterranean and Near Eastern Civilisations 29). Weingarten, J. 2000. Lerna: Sealings in a Landscape. In, M. Perna (ed.) Administrative Documents in

the Aegean and Their Near Eastern Counterparts. Torino: Centro internazionale di ricerche archeologiche antropologiche e storiche:103-123.

Wiencke, M.H. 1989. Change in Early Helladic II. AJA 93:495-509. Cyclades: Broodbank, C. 2000. An Island Archaeology of the Early Cyclades. Cambridge: Cambridge University

Press. Esp. chapters 3, 6, 7. Davis, J.L. 1992. ‘The islands of the Aegean’, American Journal of Archaeology 96: 699-756. Doumas, C. 1977. Early Bronze Age Burial Habits in the Cyclades. (SIMA 48). Göteborg: Paul Åströms

Förlag.

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Gill, D. & C. Chippindale 1993. ‘Material and intellectual consequences of esteem for Cycladic figures’, AJA 97:601-59.

Renfrew, C., O. Philaniotou, N. Brodie, G. Gavalas, and M. Boyd, eds. 2013. The settlement at Dhaskalio. The sanctuary on Keros and the origins of Aegean ritual practice: the excavations of 2006-2008 1, Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.

Renfrew, C., Michael B., and C. Ramsey. 2012. The oldest maritime sanctuary? Dating the sanctuary at Keros and the Cycladic Early Bronze Age. Antiquity 86.331. p. 144-160.

Renfrew, C., C. Doumas, L. Marangou and G. Gavalas, eds. 2007. Keros, Dhaskalio Kavos: the investigations of 1987-88. McDonald Institute Monographs, Keros Volume 1, Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.

Renfrew, C., O. Philaniotou, N. Brodie, G. Gavalas, and M. Boyd, eds. 2013. The settlement at Dhaskalio. The sanctuary on Keros and the origins of Aegean ritual practice: the excavations of 2006-2008 1, Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.

Renfrew, C., O. Philaniotou, N. Brodie, G. Gavalas, and M. Boyd, eds. 2015. Kavos and the Special Deposits. The sanctuary on Keros and the origins of Aegean ritual practice: the excavations of 2006-2008 2, Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.

Whitelaw, T. 2000. Settlement instability and landscape degradation in the southern Aegean in the third millennium BC. In, P. Halstead and C. Frederick (eds.) Landscape and Landuse in Postglacial Greece. (Sheffield Studies in Aegean Archaeology 3) Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press:135-61.

Crete: Branigan, K. 1992. Dancing with Death: Life and Death in Southern Crete ca. 3000-2000 BC.

Amsterdam. DAG 14 BRA (An update and re-write of: K. Branigan 1970. The Tombs of Mesara. London.)

Branigan, K. 1991. Mochlos, an early Aegean ‘gateway community’? In, R. Laffineur and L. Basch (eds.) Thalassa: L’Egée préhistorique et al mer (Aegaeum 7), 97-105.

Carter, T. 2004. Mochlos and Melos: a special relationship? Creating identity and status in Minoan Crete. In, L. Day, M. Mook and J. Muhly (eds) Crete Beyond the Palaces: Proceedings of the Crete 2000 Conference. (Prehistory Monographs 10) INSTAP Academic Press, Philadelphia:291-307.

Catapodi, D. 2014. Beyond the general and the particular: rethinking death, memory and belonging in Early Bronze age Crete. In, A.B. Knapp and P. Van Dommelen (eds.) The Cambridge Prehistory of the Bronze and Iron Age Mediterranean. Cambridge: CUP:525-39.

Day, P. and Wilson, D. 2004. Ceramic change and the practice of eating and drinking in Early Bronze Age Crete. In, P. Halstead and J. Barrett (eds.) Food, Cuisine and Society in Prehistoric Greece. (Sheffield Studies in Aegean Archaeology) Oxford: Oxbow Books:45-62.

Day, P.M. and D.E. Wilson 2002. Landscapes of memory, craft and power in Prepalatial and Protopalatial Knossos. In, Y. Hamilakis (ed.) Labyrinth Revisited. Rethinking ‘Minoan’ archaeology. Oxford: Oxbow Books:143-66.

Day, P.M., D.E. Wilson and E. Kiriatzi 1998. Pots, labels and people: burying ethnicity in the cemetery at Aghia Photia, Siteias. In, K. Branigan, (ed.) Cemetery and Society in the Aegean Bronze Age. (Sheffield Studies in Aegean Archaeology 1) Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press:133-49.

Déderix, S. 2017. Communication Networks, Interactions, and Social Negotiation in Prepalatial South-Central Crete. AJA 121:5-37.

Dimopoulou-Rethemiotaki, N. D. Wilson and P. Day. 2007. The earlier Prepalatial settlement of Poros-Katsambas: craft production and exchange at the harbour town of Knossos. In, P. Day and R. Doonan (eds). Metallurgy in the Early Bronze Age Aegean. Oxford: Oxbow:84-97.

Haggis, D. 2002. Integration and complexity in the late Prepalatial period: a view from the countryside in Eastern Crete. In, Y. Hamilakis (ed.) Labyrinth Revisited. Rethinking ‘Minoan’ archaeology. Oxford: Oxbow Books:120-42.

Hamilakis, Y. 1998. Eating the Dead: Mortuary Feasting and the Politics of Memory in the Aegean Bronze Age Societies. In, K. Branigan (eds.) Cemetery and Society in the Aegean Bronze Age. (Sheffield Studies in Aegean Archaeology 1) Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press:115-32.

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Legarra Herrero, B. 2011. The Secret Lives of the Early and Middle Minoan Tholos Cemeteries: Koumasa and Platanos. In Prehistoric Crete: Regional and Diachronic Studies on Mortuary Systems. J. Murphy (ed.) Philadelphia: INSTAP Academic Press:49-84.

Legarra Herrero, B. 2012. The Construction, Deconstruction and Non-construction of Hierarchies in the Funerary Record of Prepalatial Crete. In, I. Schoep, P. Tomkins and J. Driessen (eds), Back to the Beginning: Reassessing Social and Political Complexity on Crete during the Early and Middle Bronze Age. Oxford: Oxbow Books: 325-57.

Legarra Herrero, B. 2014. Mortuary Behavior and Social Trajectories in Pre- and Protopalatial Crete,. Prehistory Monographs 44, Philadelphia: INSTAP Academic Press.

Muhly, J.D. 2004. Chrysokamino and the beginnings of metal technology on Crete and in the Aegean. In, L.P. Day, M. Mook and J.D. Muhly (eds) Crete beyond the Palaces: Proceedings of the Crete 2000 conference. Philadelphia: INSTAP Academic Press:283-90.

Murphy, J. 1998. Ideology, Rites and Rituals: A View of Prepalatial Minoan Tholoi. In, K. Branigan, (ed.) Cemetery and Society in the Aegean Bronze Age. (Sheffield Studies in Aegean Archaeology 1) Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press:27-40.

Papadatos, Y. 2007. Beyond cultures and ethnicity: a new look at material culture distribution and inter-regional interaction in the Early Bronze Age southern Aegean. In, S. Antoniadou and A. Pace (eds) Mediterranean Crossroads. Athens: Pierides Foundation:419-51.

Sbonias, K. 1999. ‘Social development, management of production, and symbolic representation in Prepalatial Crete’. In, A. Chaniotis (ed.) From Minoan farmers to Roman traders. Sidelights on the economy of ancient Crete, 25-51.

Schoep, I., P. Tomkins and J. Driessen. (eds.) 2012. Back to the Beginning: Reassessing Social and Political Complexity on Crete during the Early and Middle Bronze Age. Oxford: Oxbow Books.

Tomkins, P. 2012. Behind the horizon: reconsidering the genesis and function of the ‘first palace’ at Knossos (Final Neolithic IV-Middle Minoan IB). In, Back to the Beginning: Reassessing Social and Political Complexity on Crete during the Early and Middle Bronze Age. I. Schoep, P. Tomkins and J. Driessen (eds.). Oxford: Oxbow Books:32-80.

Papadatos, Y. and P. Tomkins. 2013. Trading, the Longboat, and Cultural Interaction in the Aegean During the Late Fourth Millennium B.C.E.: The View from Kephala Petras, East Crete. AJA 117: 353-381.

Watrous, L.V. 1993 Review of Aegean prehistory III: Crete from earliest prehistory through the Protopalatial period. AJA 98:695-753. Reprinted with update, in T. Cullen (ed.) 2001. Aegean Prehistory: A Review (American Journal of Archaeology Supplement 1).

Whitelaw, T.M. 1983. The settlement at Fournou Korifi, Myrtos and aspects of Early Minoan social organization. In, O. Krzyszkowska & L. Nixon (eds.) Minoan Society, 323-45.

Whitelaw, T. 2012. The urbanisation of prehistoric Crete: settlement perspectives on Minoan state formation. In, Schoep, I., Tomkins, P. and Driessen, J. (ed.) Back to the Beginning: reassessing social, economic and political complexity in the Early and Middle Bronze Age on Crete. Oxford: Oxbow Books:114-76.

Whitelaw, T. 2015. The divergence of civilisation: Fournou Korifi and Pyrgos. In, C. Macdonald, E. Hatzaki and S. Andreou (eds.) The Great Islands: Studies of Crete and Cyprus presented to Gerald Cadogan. Athens: Kapon Editions:41-48.

Whitelaw, T., P.M. Day, E. Kiriatzi, V. Kilikoglou and D.E. Wilson. 1997. Ceramic Traditions at EM IIB Myrtos, Fournou Korifi. In, R. Laffineur and P.P. Betancourt (eds.) TEHNI: Craftsmen, Craftswomen and Craftsmanship in the Aegean Bronze Age. (Aegaeum 16) Liège:II.265-74.

Wilson, D. 2007. Early Prepalatial Crete. In, C. Shelmerdine (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age. Cambridge: CUP:77-104.

East Aegean: Bachhuber, C. 2015. Citadel and Cemetery in Early Bronze Age Anatolia,. Monographs in

Mediterranean Archaeology 13, Bristol: Equinox. Bachhuber, C. 2014. Citadels in Spectacle-scapes in Bronze Age Anatolia. In, J. Osborne (ed.),

Approaching Monumentality in Archaeology. The Institute for European and Mediterranean

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Archaeology Distinguished Monograph Series, IEMA Proceedings 3, Albany: State University of New York Press:291-310.

Kouka, O. 2009. Third Millennium BC Aegean Chronology: Old and New Data from the Perspective of the Third Millennium AD. Tree-Rings, Kings, and Old World Archaeology and Environment: Papers Presented in Honor of Peter Ian Kuniholm, Manning, Sturt W. and Mary Jaye Bruce, eds. Oxford and Oakville: Oxbow Books:133-49.

Kouka, O. 2013. 'Minding the Gap': Against the Gaps. The Early Bronze Age and the Transition to the Middle Bronze Age in the Northern and Eastern Aegean/Western Anatolia. AJA 117(4):569-580.

Kouka, O. 2014. Past Stories - Modern Narratives: Cultural Dialogues between East Aegean Islands and the West Anatolian Mainland in the 4th Millennium BC. Western Anatolia before Troy: Proto-Urbanisation in the 4th Millennium BC? In, B. Horejs and Mathias Mehofer (eds.) Oriental and European Archaeology 1, Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press:43-63.

Muhly, J.D. and E. Pernicka. 1992. Early Trojan Metallurgy and Metals Trade. In, J. Herrmann (ed.) Heinrich Schliemann. Grundlagen und Ergebnisse moderner Archäologie 100 Jahre nach Schliemanns Tod. Berlin: Akademie Verlag:309-18.

Reinholt, C. 2003. ‘The Aegean and Western Anatolia: social forms and cultural relationships’. In, J. Aruz (ed.) Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art and Yale University Press: 255-9.

Rahmstorf, L. 2011. Re-integrating ‘Diffusion’: the Spread of Innovations among the Neolithic and Bronze Age Societies of Europe and the Near East. In, T. Wilkinson, S. Sherratt and J. Bennet (eds), Interweaving Worlds: Systemic Interactions in Eurasia, 7th to 1st Millennia BC, Oxford: Oxbow Books:100-19.

Sagona, A. and P. Zimansky 2009. Ancient Turkey, chapter 5, especially 191-8. Şahoğlu, V. 2008. Crossing Borders: The Izmir Region as a Bridge between the East and the West

during the Early Bronze Age. In, C. Gillis and B. Sjöberg (eds), Trade and Production in Premonetary Greece: Crossing Borders. Proceedings of the 7th, 8th and 9th International Workshops, Athens 1997-1999 (SIMA-PB 173) Sävedalen: Paul Åströms Förlag:153-173.

General: Renfrew, A.C. 1972. The Emergence of Civilisation: The Cyclades and the Aegean in the Third

Millennium BC. London: Methuen. Chapman, R. 2005. ‘Changing social relations in the Mediterranean Copper and Bronze Ages’. In, E.

Blake and A.B. Knapp (eds.) The Archaeology of Mediterranean Prehistory. Oxford: Blackwell, 77-101.

Broodbank, C. 2013. Ch. 7: The devil and the deep blue sea. The Making of the Middle Sea. London: Thames and Hudson:257-344.

Barrett, J. & P. Halstead (eds.) The Emergence of Civilisation Revisited. (Sheffield Studies in Aegean Archaeology) Oxford: Oxbow Books.

Seminar 3: 22 January The emergence of the Minoan palace-states. This topic is central to understanding the Aegean Bronze Age. Building on the earlier review of paradigms and EBA societies, we now focus on the evidence for the emergence of the first Cretan palace-states. Key issues are the importance of indigenous versus exogenous factors, the time-scale of change (revolutionary, or evolutionary), and the social processes that led to palace-states and the elites inferred from them. Essential Manning 2018. The Development of Complex Society on Crete: The Balance between Wider Context

and Local Agency in Knodell, Alex R., Leppard, Thomas P., & Cherry, John F. (2018). Regional approaches to society and complexity : Studies in honor of John F. Cherry, 29-59.

Whitelaw, T. 2004. Alternative pathways to complexity in the southern Aegean. In, J. Barrett and P. Halstead (eds) The Emergence of Civilisation Revisited. (Sheffield Studies in Aegean Archaeology) Oxford: Oxbow Books:232-56. INST ARCH DAG 100 BAR. TC 2974; PDF on course Moodle.

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Legarra Herrero, B. 2016. Primary state formation processes on Bronze Age Crete: a social approach to change in early complex societies. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 26:349-67. IoA PERS; e-journal.

Tomkins, P. 2012. Behind the horizon: reconsidering the genesis and function of the ‘first palace’ at Knossos (Final Neolithic IV-Middle Minoan IB). In, Back to the Beginning: Reassessing Social and Political Complexity on Crete during the Early and Middle Bronze Age. I. Schoep, P. Tomkins and J. Driessen (eds.). Oxford: Oxbow Books:32-80.

Watrous, L.V. 1998. Egypt and Crete in the Early Middle Bronze Age: A Case of Trade and Cultural Diffusion. In, E. Cline and D. Harris-Cline (eds) The Aegean and the Orient in the Second Millennium. (Aegaeum 18) Liège:19-28. IoA Issue Desk IoA CLI.

Recommended Bevan, A. 2004. Emerging civilized values? The consumption and imitation of Egyptian stone vessels in

EMII-MMI Crete and its wider Eastern Mediterranean context. In, J. Barrett and P. Halstead (eds.) The Emergence of Civilisation Revisited. (Sheffield Studies in Aegean Archaeology) Oxford: Oxbow Books:107-26.

Cherry, J.F. 1983. Evolution, revolution and the origins of complex society in Minoan Crete. In, O. Krzyszkowska and L. Nixon (eds.) Minoan Society: 33-45.

Cherry, J.F. 1984. The emergence of the state in the prehistoric Aegean. Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society 30:18-48. TC 11; Main LINGUISTICS Periodicals; e-journal.

Cherry, J. F. 2010. "Sorting Out Crete's Prepalatial Off-Island Interactions. In, Archaic State Interaction. The Eastern Mediterranean in the Bronze Age, edited by W. A. Parkinson and M. L. Galaty, 107-140. Santa Fe: School for Advanced Research Press.

Colburn, C. 2008. Exotica and the Early Minoan elite: eastern imports in Prepalatial Crete. AJA 112:203-24.

Day, P.M. and D.E. Wilson 2002. Landscapes of memory, craft and power in Prepalatial and Protopalatial Knossos. In, Y. Hamilakis (ed.) Labyrinth Revisited. Rethinking ‘Minoan’ archaeology. Oxford: Oxbow Books:143-66.

Dederix, S. 2017. Communication networks, interactions and social negotiation in Prepalatial South-central Crete. AJA 121:5-37.

Haggis, D. 1999. Staple finance, peak sanctuaries and economic complexity in late Prepalatial Crete. In, A. Chaniotis (ed.) From Minoan farmers to Roman traders. Sidelights on the economy of ancient Crete. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag:53-85.

Haggis, D. 2002. Integration and complexity in the late Prepalatial period: a view from the countryside in Eastern Crete. In, Y. Hamilakis (ed.) Labyrinth Revisited. Rethinking ‘Minoan’ archaeology. Oxford: Oxbow Books:120-42.

Halstead, P. 1988. On redistribution and the origin of Minoan-Mycenaean palatial economies. In, E.B. French and K.A. Wardle (eds.) Problems in Greek Prehistory. Bristol: Bristol Classical Press:519-30

Halstead, Paul. 2011. 'Redistribution in Aegean Palatial Societies: Terminology, Scale, and Significance.' American Journal of Archaeology 115:229-35.

Hamilakis, Y. 1998. Eating the Dead: Mortuary Feasting and the Politics of Memory in the Aegean Bronze Age Societies. In, K. Branigan (eds.) Cemetery and Society in the Aegean Bronze Age. (Sheffield Studies in Aegean Archaeology 1) Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press:115-32.

Hamilakis, Y. 2014. Sensuous memory, materiality and history: rethinking the ‘rise of the palaces’ on Bronze Age Crete. In, A.B. Knapp and P. Van Dommelen (eds.) The Cambridge Prehistory of the Bronze and Iron Age Mediterranean. Cambridge: CUP:320-36.

Legarra Herrero, B. 2012. The Construction, Deconstruction and Non-construction of Hierarchies in the Funerary Record of Prepalatial Crete. In, Back to the Beginning: Reassessing Social and Political Complexity on Crete during the Early and Middle Bronze Age, edited by I. Schoep, P. Tomkins and J. Driessen, 325-357. Oxford: Oxbow Books

Legarra Herrero, B. 2011. New kid on the block: the nature of the first systemic contacts between Crete and the eastern Mediterranean around 2000 BC. In, Interweaving worlds: systemic interactions in Eurasia, 7th to 1st millennia BC. T. Wilkinson, S. Sherratt and J. Bennet (eds.), 266-281. Oxford: Oxbow books.

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Manning, S.W. 1997. Cultural Change in the Aegean c. 2200 BC. In, H.N. Dalfes, G. Kukla, and H. Weiss (eds.) Third Millennium BC Climate Change and Old World Collapse. (NATO Scientific Affairs Division ASI Series Volume I.49) Berlin: Springer:149-71.

Manning, S. 2007. Protopalatial Crete. Formation of the palaces. In, C. Shelmerdine (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age, 105-20. IoA Issue Desk SHE16; INST ARCH DAG 100 SHE; On-line.

Paliou, E. and A. Bevan. 2016. Evolving settlement patterns, spatial interaction and the socio-political organisation of late prepalatial south-central Crete. J. Anthropological Archaeology 42:184-97.

Parkinson, W. A., and M. L. Galaty. 2007. "Secondary States in Perspective: An Integrated Approach to State Formation in the Prehistoric Aegean." American Anthropologist 109 (1):113-129.

Phillips, J. 2005. "A question of reception." In Archaeological perspectives on the transmission and transformation of culture in the eastern Mediterranean, edited by J. Clarke, 39-47. Oxford: Oxbow Books.

Relaki, M. 2012. The Social Arenas of Tradition. Investigating Collective and Individual Social Strategies in the Prepalatial and Protopalatial Mesara. In, I. Schoep, P. Tomkins and J. Driessen (eds.) Back to the Beginning: Reassessing Social and Political Complexity on Crete during the Early and Middle Bronze Age. Oxford: Oxbow Books:290–324.

Sbonias, K. 1999. Social development, management of production and symbolic representation in Prepalatial Crete. In, A. Chaniotis (ed.) From Minoan farmers to Roman traders. Sidelights on the economy of ancient Crete. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag:25-51.

Sbonias, Kostas. 2012. Regional Elite-Groups and the Production and Consumption of Seals in the Prepalatial period. A Case-Study of the Asterousia Region. Back to the Beginning: Reassessing Social and Political Complexity on Crete during the Early and Middle Bronze Age, Schoep, Ilse, Peter Tomkins, and Jan Driessen, eds. Oxford and Oakville: Oxbow Books:273–289.

Schoep, I. 1999. The origins of writing and administration on Crete. OJA 18:265-76. Schoep, I. 2012. "Bridging the divide between the 'Prepalatial' and the 'Protopalatial' periods?" In,

Back to the Beginning: Reassessing Social and Political Complexity on Crete during the Early and Middle Bronze Age, edited by I. Schoep, P. Tomkins and J. Driessen (eds.), 403-428. Oxford: Oxbow Books.

Schoep, I. and C. Knappett. 2004. Dual emergence: evolving heterarchy, exploding hierarchy. In, J. Barrett and P. Halstead (eds.) The Emergence of Civilisation Revisited. (Sheffield Studies in Aegean Archaeology) Oxford: Oxbow Books:21-37.

Schoep, I. and P. Tomkins 2012. Back to the the beginning for the Early and Middle Bronze Age on Crete. In, Back to the Beginning: Reassessing Social and Political Complexity on Crete during the Early and Middle Bronze Age. I. Schoep, P. Tomkins and J. Driessen (eds.). Oxford: Oxbow Books:1-31.

Tomkins. P. and I. Schoep. Crete. In, E. Cline (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze Age Aegean (ca. 3000-1000 BC). Oxford:66-82.

Watrous, L.V. 2005. Cretan international relations during the Middle Minoan IA period and the chronology of Seager’s finds from the Mochlos tombs. In, R. Laffineur and E. Greco (eds) 2005. Emporia. Aegeans in the Central and Eastern Mediterranean. (Aegaeum 25) Liège:107-16.

Watrous, L.V., Hadzi-Vallianou, D. and Blitzer, H. 2004. The Plain of Phaistos. Cycles of complexity in the Mesara region of Crete. Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology: chs 8 & 9.

Wengrow, D. 2010. The voyages of Europa: ritual and trade in the eastern Mediterranean, circa 2300–1850 BC. In, W. Parkinson and M. Galaty (eds.) Archaic State Interaction: the Eastern Mediterranean in the Bronze Age.

Whitelaw, T. 2012. The urbanisation of prehistoric Crete: settlement perspectives on Minoan state formation. In, Schoep, I., Tomkins, P. and Driessen, J. (ed.) Back to the Beginning: reassessing social, economic and political complexity in the Early and Middle Bronze Age on Crete. Oxford: Oxbow Books:114-76.

Seminar 4: 29 January Palatial Crete: society, economy, polity and ideology.

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Traditionally divided into two major stable phases, Protopalatial and Neopalatial, recent discoveries and re-assessments are starting to sketch a fair more dynamic and unstable development of Cretan societies, with polities of various scales and degrees of integration across the island, with some areas possibly outside state control. Our picture has long been dominated by evidence from early extensive excavations at late Neopalatial sites, now increasingly challenged by research at earlier and smaller communities. The Protopalatial centres of Knossos, Phaistos and Mallia approximate to the ‘peer polity’ model of equal, politically independent yet culturally inter-related entities. After the Neopalatial period, in the LM II-III (‘Mycenaean’ phase) on the island, the Linear B tablets reveal that much of the island was controlled from one centre, Knossos. But what of the intervening Neopalatial period, archaeologically one of the most prominent phases on Crete? Here, opinions are strongly divided. We will consider alternative perspectives, involving analyses of settlement, architecture and material culture in its regional context, as well as the evidence for administrative practices. The Neopalatial period preserves the widest range of Minoan material culture, and witnessed a tremendous expansion of representational art in various media, which very much frames our interpretation of Minoan culture. Usually assessed aesthetically and interpreted within a framework of uncritical ethnocentric assumptions going back to Evans, we will consider how we can use evidence from images and the archaeological remains of elite and cult contexts to understand performance and ritual behaviour, and its role in the exercise and negotiation of social and political power in palatial Crete. Essential Cherry, J.F. 1986 Polities and palaces: some problems in Minoan state formation. In, C. Renfrew and

J.F. Cherry (eds.) Peer Polity Interaction and Socio-Political Change : 19-45. INST ARCH Teaching Collection 483; IOA Issue Desk REN 10.

Knappett, C. 1999. Assessing a polity in Protopalatial Crete: the Malia-Lasithi state. American Journal of Archaeology 103:615-39. TC 2159; IoA Pers; e-journal.

Adams, E. 2006. Social strategies and spatial dynamics in Neopalatial Crete: an analysis of the north-central area. AJA 110:1-36. IoA Pers; e-Journal.

Schoep, I. 1999. Tablets and territories? Reconstructing Late Minoan IB political geography through undeciphered documents. American Journal of Archaeology 103:201-21. IoA Pers; e-Journal.

Whitelaw, T. 2018. Recognising polities in prehistoric Crete. In, M. Relaki and Y. Papadatos (eds) From the Foundation to the Legacy of Minoan Society. (Sheffield Studies in Aegean Archaeology.) Oxford: Oxbow.

Recommended Adams, E. 2004. Power and ritual in Neopalatial Crete: a regional comparison. World Archaeology

36:26-42. Adams, E. 2004. Power relations in Minoan palatial towns: an analysis of Neopalatial Knossos and

Malia. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 17:191-222. Adams, E. 2007. 'Time and Chance': Unraveling Temporality in North-Central Neopalatial Crete.

American Journal of Archaeology 111:391-421. Adams, E. 2007. Approaching monuments in the prehistoric built environment: new light on the

Minoan palaces. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 26:359-94. Adams, E. 2017. Cultural identity in Minoan Crete: social dynamics in the Neopalatial period.

Cambridge: CUP. Anastasiadou, M. 2016. Drawing the line. Seals, script and regionalism in Protopalatial Crete. AJA

120:159-93. Bennet, J. 1990. 'Knossos in context: comparative perspectives on the Linear B administration of LM

II-III Crete.' American Journal of Archaeology 94:193-211. Bennet, J. 2008. 'Now You See It; Now You Don't! The Disappearance of the Linear A Script on Crete.'

In, J. Baines, J. Bennet and S. Houston (eds) The Disappearance of Writing Systems. Perspectives on Literacy and Communication. London:1-29.

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Betancourt, P.P. 1998. Middle Minoan Objects in the Near East. In, EH. Cline and D. Harris-Cline (eds.) The Aegean and the Orient in the Second Millennium. (Aegaeum 18) Liège:5-11.

Bevan, A. 2003. Reconstructing the role of Egyptian culture in the value regimes of the Bronze Age Aegean: stone vessels and their social contexts. In, R. Matthews and C. Roemer (eds) Ancient Perspectives on Egypt. London: UCL Press:57-74.

Bevan, A. 2007. Stone Vessels and Values in the Bronze Age Mediterranean. Cambridge. Bevan, A. 2010. ‘Political Geography and Palatial Crete.’ Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 23:27-

54. Bevan, A. and A. Wilson 2013. Models of settlement hierarchy based on partial evidence. J

Archaeological Science 40:2415-27. Branigan, K. 1987. The economic role of the first palaces. In, R. Hägg and N. Marinatos (eds.) The

Function of the Minoan Palaces. (Quarto Series 35) Stockholm: Swedish Institute in Athens:245-9. Briault, C. 2007. Making mountains out of molehills in the Bronze Age Aegean: visibility, ritual kits and

the idea of a peak sanctuary. World Archaeology 39:122-41. Buell, M. 2014. The rise of a Minoan city and the (re)structuring of its hinterland. In, A. Creekmore III

and K. Fisher (eds.) Making Ancient Cities. Cambridge:257-91.Cadogan, G. 1976. Palaces of Minoan Crete. London.

Cadogan, G. 1994. An Old Palace period Knossos state? In, D. Evely, H. Hughes-Brock and N. Momigliano (eds.) Knossos: A Labyrinth of History. Papers Presented in Honour of Sinclair Hood:57-69.

Cain, C.D. 2001. Dancing in the dark: deconstructing a narrative of epiphany on the Isopata ring. AJA 105:27-49.

Cameron, M.A.S. 1987. The ‘palatial’ thematic system in the Knossos murals. Last notes on Knossos frescoes. In, R. Hägg and N. Marinatos (eds.) The Function of the Minoan Palaces. (Quarto Series 35) Stockholm: Swedish Institute in Athens:320-8.

Chapin, A. 2009. 'Constructions of male youth and gender in Aegean art: the evidence from Late Bronze Age Crete and Thera.' In, K. Kopaka (ed.) Fylo: Engendering Prehistoric 'Stratigraphies' in the Aegean and the Mediterranean. (Aegaeum 30.) Liège:175-82.Davis, E.N. 1987. The Knossos miniature frescoes and the function of the central courts. In, R. Hägg and N. Marinatos (eds.) The Function of the Minoan Palaces. (Quarto Series 35) Stockholm: Swedish Institute in Athens:157-61.

Christakis, K. 2008. The politics of storage: storage and sociopolitical complexity in Neopalatial Crete. Philadelphia: INSTAP Academic Press.

Christakis, K. 2011. 'Redistribution and political economies in Bronze Age Crete.' AJA 115:197-205. Christakis, K. 2012. Petras, Siteia: political, economic and ideological trajectories of a polity. In, M.

Tsipopoulou (ed.) Petras, Siteia - 25 years of excavations and studies. Monographs of the Danish Institute at Athens 16, Athens: The Danish Institute at Athens:205-19.

Davis, E.N. 1995. Art and politics in the Aegean: the missing ruler. In, P. Rehak (ed.) The Role of the Ruler in the Prehistoric Aegean. (Aegaeum 11) Liège:11-19.

Day, P., M. Relaki and E. Faber. 2006. Pottery making and social reproduction in the Bronze Age Mesara. In, M. Wiener et al. (eds) Pottery and Society. Boston: Archaeological Institute of America:22-72.

Dickinson, O.T.P.K. 1994. Comments on a popular model of Minoan religion. OJA 13:173-84. Dimopoulou, N. 1987. Workshops and craftsmen in the harbour-town of Knossos at Poros-Katsambas.

In, R. Laffineur and P.P. Betancourt (eds.) TEHNI: Craftsmen, Craftswomen and Craftsmanship in the Aegean Bronze Age. (Aegaeum 16) Liège:II.433-8.

Driessen, J, I. Schoep and R. Laffineur (eds) Monuments of Minos. Rethinking the Minoan Palaces. (Aegaeum 23.) Liège.

Driessen, J. 2008. Daidalos' designs and Ariadne's threads: Minoan towns as places of interaction. In S. Owen and L. Preston (eds) Inside the City in the Greek World: Studies of Urbanism from the Bronze Age to the Hellenistic Period. (University of Cambridge Museum of Classical Archaeology Monographs 1) Oxford:41-54.

Goren, Y. and Panagiotopoulos, D. 2009. 'The 'Lords of the Rings': An Analytical Approach to the Riddle of the 'Knossian Replica Rings'.’ Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 52:257-58.

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Hägg, R. (ed.) 1997. The Function of the ‘Minoan villa’. Stockholm. (Especially papers by Driessen and Sakellarakis, Betancourt and Marinatos, Tsipopoulou and Papacostopoulou.)

Hägg, R. and N. Marinatos (eds) 1981. Sanctuaries and Cults in the Aegean Bronze Age. Stockholm. Hägg, R. and N. Marinatos (eds) 1987. The Function of the Minoan Palaces. Stockholm. (Especially

papers by Chrysoulaki and Platon, Moody, Niemeier, and Palyvou.) Hallager, B.P. and E. Hallager 1995. The Knossian Bull - Political Propaganda in Neo-Palatial Crete?. In,

R. Laffineur and W-D. Niemeier (eds.) POLITEIA. Society and State in the Aegean Bronze Age. (Aegaeum 12) Liège:II.547-56.

Hamilakis, Y. 2002. Too many chiefs? Factional competition in Neopalatial Crete. In, J. Driessen, I. Schoep and R. Laffineur (eds) Monuments of Minos. Rethinking the Minoan Palaces (Aegaeum 23) Liège:179-99.

Haysom, M. 2013. Cacophony and Silence: The Place of Religion in Neopalatial Crete. BICS 56(1):125-26.

Immerwahr, S. 1991. Aegean Painting, the Bronze Age. Knappett, C. 2002. Mind the gap: between pots and politics in Minoan studies. In, Y. Hamilakis (ed.)

Labyrinth Revisited. Rethinking ‘Minoan’ archaeology. Oxford: Oxbow Books:167-88. Knappett, C. 2004. Technological innovation and social diversity at Middle Minoan Knossos. In, G.

Cadogan, E. Hatzaki and A. Vasilakis (eds.) Knossos: Palace, City, State. London: British School at Athens:257-66.

Knappett, C. and I. Schoep 2000. Continuity and change in Minoan palatial power. Antiquity 74:365-71.

Letesson, Q. 2012. 'Open Day Gallery' or 'Private Collections'? An Insight on Neopalatial Wall Paintings in their Spatial Context. In, D. Panagiotopoulos and U. Günkel-Maschek (eds.) Minoan Realities: Approaches to Images, Architecture, and Society in the Aegean Bronze Age. Louvain-la-Neuve: Presses universitaires de Louvain:27-61.

Letesson, Q. and K. Vansteenhuyse. 2006. Towards an Archaeology of Perception: 'Looking' at the Minoan Palaces. JMA 19(1):91-119.

Logue, W. 2004. Set in stone: the role of relief-carved stone vessels in Neopalatial Minoan elite propaganda. BSA 99:149-72.

Lupack, S. 2010. 'Minoan religion.' In, E. Cline (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze Age Aegean (ca. 3000-1000 BC). Oxford:251-62.

Marinatos, N. 1993. Minoan Religion: Ritual, Image and Symbol. Marinatos, N. 2010. Minoan kingship and the solar goddess: a Near Eastern koine. Urbana. McEnroe, J. 2010. Architecture of Minoan Crete: Constructing Identity in the Aegean Bronze Age.

Austin. Morgan, L. 1985. Idea, idiom and iconography. In, P. Darcque and J.-C. Poursat (eds.) L'Iconographie

Minoenne. (BCH Supplément 11) Athens: École française d'Athènes:5-19. Niemeier, W-D. 1994 Knossos in the New Palace period (MM III - LM IB). In, D. Evely, H. Hughes-Brock

and N. Momigliano (eds) Knossos: A Labyrinth of History. Oxford:71-88. Olivier, J.-P. 1986. Cretan writing in the second millennium BC. World Archaeology 17:377-89. Panagiotopoulos, D. 2012. Aegean Imagery and the Syntax of Viewing. In, D. Panagiotopoulos and U.

Günkel-Maschek (eds.) Minoan Realities: Approaches to Images, Architecture, and Society in the Aegean Bronze Age. Louvain-la-Neuve: Presses universitaires de Louvain:63-82.

Peatfield, A.A.D. 1987. Palace and peak: the political and religious relationship between palaces and peak sanctuaries. In, R. Hägg and N. Marinatos (eds.) The Function of the Minoan Palaces. (Quarto Series 35) Stockholm: Swedish Institute in Athens:89-93.

Peatfield, A.A.D. 1990. Minoan peak sanctuaries: history and society: Opuscula Atheniensa 17:117-31. Peatfield, A.A.D. 1987. ‘Palace and peak: the political and religious relationship between palaces and

peak sanctuaries.’ In, R. Hägg and N. Marinatos (eds) The Function of the Minoan Palaces. Stockholm:89-93.

Peatfield, A.A.D. 2000. Minoan Religion. In, D. Huxley (ed.) Cretan Quests: British Explorers, Excavators and Historians. London: British School at Athens:138-50.

Poursat, J.-C. 2009. Cult Activity at Malia in the Protopalatial Period. Archaeologies of Cult: Essays on Ritual and Cult in Crete in Honor of Geraldine C. Gesell. In, A.L. D'Agata and A. Van de Moortel

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(eds.) (Hesperia Supplement 42) Princeton: The American School of Classical Studies at Athens:71-78.

Poursat, J.-C. 2010. Malia: palace, state, city. In, O. Krzyszkowska (ed.) Cretan Offerings. Studies in Honour of Peter Warren. (BSA Studies 18). London: The British School at Athens:259-267.

Poursat, J.-C. 2012. "The Emergence of Elite Groups at Protopalatial Malia. A Biography of Quartier Mu." In, Back to the Beginning: Reassessing Social and Political Complexity on Crete during the Early and Middle Bronze Age, edited by I. Schoep, P. Tomkins and J. Driessen, 177-183. Oxford: Oxbow Books.

Rehak, P. & J.G. Younger 1998. ‘Neopalatial, Final Palatial, and Postpalatial Crete’, American Journal of Archaeology 102: 91-173. Reprinted with update, in T. Cullen (ed.) 2001. Aegean Prehistory: A Review (American Journal of Archaeology Supplement 1).

Relaki, M. 2012. The Social Arenas of Tradition. Investigating Collective and Individual Social Strategies in the Prepalatial and Protopalatial Mesara. In, I. Schoep, P. Tomkins and J. Driessen (eds.) Back to the Beginning: Reassessing Social and Political Complexity on Crete during the Early and Middle Bronze Age. Oxford: Oxbow Books:290–324.

Rutkowski, B. 1986. Cult Places of the Aegean. Schoep, I. 1994. Ritual, politics and script on Minoan Crete. Aegean Archaeology 1:7-25. Schoep, I. 2001. Managing the hinterland: the rural concerns of urban administration. In, K. Branigan

(ed.) Urbanism in the Aegean Bronze Age. (Sheffield Studies in Aegean Archaeology 4) Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press:87-102.

Schoep, I. 2002. The administration of Neopalatial Crete: a critical assessment of the Linear A tablets and their role in the administrative process. (Minos Supplement 17). Salamanca: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca.

Schoep, I. 2002. Social and political organization in Crete in the Proto-Palatial period: the case of Middle Minoan II Malia. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 15:101-32. IoA Pers; e-journal.

Schoep, I. 2002. The state of the Minoan palaces or the Minoan palace-state? In, J. Driessen, I. Schoep and R. Laffineur (eds) Monuments of Minos. Rethinking the Minoan Palaces. (Aegaeum 23) Liège:15-33.

Schoep, I. 2004. Assessing the role of architecture in conspicuous consumption in the Middle Minoan I-II periods. OJA 23:243-69.

Schoep, I. 2006. Looking beyond the first palaces: elites and the agency of power in EMIII-MMII Crete. American Journal of Archaeology 110:37-64.

Schoep, I. 2009. Social and Political Aspects of Urbanism in Middle Minoan I-II Crete: Towards a Regional Approach. In, S. Owen and L. Preston (eds.) Inside the City in the Greek World: Studies of Urbanism from the Bronze Age to the Hellenistic Period. (University of Cambridge Museum of Classical Archaeology Monographs 1) Oxford: Oxbow Books:27-40.

Schoep, I. 2010. Making Elites: Political Economy and Elite Culture(s) in Middle Minoan Crete. In, D. J. Pullen (ed.), Political Economies of the Aegean Bronze Age. Oxford: Oxbow Books: 66-85.

Schoep, I. 2010. Middle Bronze Age: Crete. In, E. Cline (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze Age Aegean (ca. 3000-1000 BC). Oxford: Oxford University Press:113-25.

Schoep, I. 2010. The Minoan 'Palace-Temple' Reconsidered: A Critical Assessment of the Spatial Concentration of Political, Religious and Economic Power in Bronze Age Crete. JMA 23(2):219-243.

Shapland, A. 2010. Wild nature? Human-animal relations in Neopalatial Crete. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 20: 109-127.

Shaw, J. 2003. Palatial proportions: a study of the relative proportions between Minoan palaces and their settlements. In, K. Foster and R. Laffineur (eds.) METRON. Measuring the Aegean Bronze Age. (Aegaeum 24) Liège:239-46.

Thomas, H. 2010. 'Cretan Hieroglyphic and Linear A.' In, E. Cline (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze Age Aegean (ca. 3000-1000 BC). Oxford:340-55.

Tsipopoulou, M. 1999. From Local Centre to Palace: the Role of Fortification in the Economic Transformation of the Siteia Bay Area, East Crete. In, R. Laffineur (ed.) POLEMOS: Le contexte guerrier en Égée á l'âge du Bronze. (Aegaeum 19) Liège:I.179-89.

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Tsipopoulou, M. 1997. 'Palace-Centered Polities in Eastern Crete: Neopalatial Petras and Its Neighbors.' In, W. Aufrecht, N. Mirau and S. Gauley (eds) Urbanism in Antiquity: From Mesopotamia to Crete. Sheffield:263-77.

Tsipopoulou, M. 2002. Petras, Siteia: the palace, the town, the hinterland and the Protopalatial background. In, J. Driessen, I. Schoep and R. Laffineur (eds) Monuments of Minos. Rethinking the Minoan Palaces. (Aegaeum 23) Liège:133-44.

Tyree, E.L. 2001. Diachronic changes in Minoan cave cult. In, R. Laffineur and R. Hägg (eds) POTNIA. Deities and Religion in the Aegean Bronze Age. (Aegaeum 22) Liège:39-50.

Van de Moortel, A. 2002. Pottery as a barometer of economic change from the Protopalatial to the Neopalatial society in central Crete. In, Y. Hamilakis (ed.) Labyrinth Revisited. Rethinking ‘Minoan’ archaeology. Oxford: Oxbow Books:189-211.

Warren, P.M. 1988. Minoan Religion as Ritual Action. (SIMA-PB 72) Gotenborg. Warren, P.M. 2004. “Terra cognita” The territory and boundaries of the early Neopalatial Knossian

state. In, G. Cadogan, E. Hatzaki and A. Vasilakis (eds.) Knossos: Palace, City, State. London: British School at Athens:159-68.

Warren, P. 2012. The apogee of Minoan civilization: the final Neopalatial period. In, E. Mantzourani and P. Betancourt (eds.) Philistor. Studies in Honor of Costis Davaras. Philadelphia: INSTAP Academic Press:255-72. IoA DAG 14 Qto MAN.

Watrous, L.V. 1993 Review of Aegean prehistory III: Crete from earliest prehistory through the Protopalatial period. AJA 98:695-753. Reprinted with update, in T. Cullen (ed.) 2001. Aegean Prehistory: A Review (American Journal of Archaeology Supplement 1).

Watrous, L.V., et al. 2012. An archaeological survey of the Gournia landscape. Philadelphia. Watrous, L.V., Hadzi-Vallianou, D. and Blitzer, H. 2004. The Plain of Phaistos. Cycles of complexity in

the Mesara region of Crete. Los Angeles. Weingarten, J. 1987. ‘Seal-use at Late Minoan IB Ayia Triada: a Minoan elite in action. I.

administrative considerations’, Kadmos 26: 1-38. Weingarten, J. 1990. ‘Three upheavals in Minoan sealing administration: evidence for radical

change.’ In, T.G. Palaima (ed.) Aegean Seals, Sealing and Administration (Aegaeum 5) Liège:106-20.

Weingarten, J. 2010. 'Corridors of Power: A Social Network Analysis of the Minoan 'Replica Rings'.' In, W. Müller (ed.) Die Bedeutung der minoischen und mykenischen Glyptik: VI. (CMS Beiheft 8.) Mainz am Rhein:395-412. Institute of Classical Studies

Whitelaw, T. 2001. From sites to communities: defining the human dimensions of Minoan urbanism. In, K. Branigan (ed.) Urbanism in the Aegean Bronze Age. (Sheffield Studies in Aegean Archaeology 4) Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press:15-37.

Whitelaw, T. 2004. Estimating the population of Neopalatial Knossos. In, G. Cadogan, E. Hatzaki and A. Vasilakis (eds.) Knossos: Palace, City, State. London: British School at Athens:147-58.

Wiener, M. 2007. Neopalatial Knossos: rule and role. In, P. Betancourt, M. Nelson and H. Williams (eds) Krinoi kai Limenes. Studies in Honor of Joseph and Maria Shaw. Philadelphia:231-42. IoA DAE 100 BET.

Younger, J. and P. Rehak. 2008. Minoan culture: religion, burial customs and administration. In, C. Shelmerdine (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age. Cambridge: CUP:165-85.

Younger, J. and Rehak, P. 2008. The material culture of Neopalatial Crete. In, C. Shelmerdine (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age. Cambridge:140-64.

To familiarise yourselves with the main sites you might also look at: Myers, J.W., E.E. Myers and G. Cadogan 1992. The Aerial Atlas of Ancient Crete. Seminar 5: 6 February Minoanisation and the southern Aegean. In addition to close trading connections, marked Cretan influence is seen, particularly during the Neopalatial period, on a range of technological and material culture traits in southern Aegean island and coastal mainland Greek and Anatolian communities. This process of ‘minoanisation’ has been variously explained through the acculturation of local societies or as indicative of Cretan colonies or

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rule, perhaps even the ‘thalassocracy’ – political domination from Crete - mentioned in later Greek traditions. In addition to the long-explored Cycladic examples, new evidence is emerging from the eastern Aegean as well as Kythera and the southern mainland. This seminar explores the diversity of the patterns and variety of explanatory models. Essential Broodbank, C. 2004. Minoanisation. Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society 50:46-91.

Main: CLASSICS Journals; e-journal. Wiener, M. 2013. Realities of power: the Minoan thalassocracy in historical perspective. In, R. Koehl

(ed.) Amilla : the quest for excellence : studies presented to Guenter Kopcke in celebration of his 75th birthday. Philadelphia:149-73. IoA DAG 100 KOE.

Davis, J. and E. Gorogianni 2008. Potsherds from the edge: the construction of identities and the limits of Minoanized areas of the Aegean. In, N. Brodie et al. (eds) Horizon. Cambridge:339-48. IoA TC 3719; IoA DAG 10 BRO

Knappett, C. and I. Nikolakopoulou 2014. Inside out? Materiality and connectivity in the Aegean archipelago. In, A.B. Knapp and P. Van Dommelen (eds.) The Cambridge Prehistory of the Bronze and Iron Age Mediterranean. Cambridge: CUP:25-39.

Knappett, C. 2018. From Network Connectivity to Human Mobility: Models for Minoanization J Archaeol Method Theory 25: 974 Recommended Abell, N. and J. Hilditch. 2016. Adoption and Adaptation in Pottery Production Practices: Investigating

Cycladic Community Interactions through the Ceramic Record of the Second Millennium BC. In, E. Gorogianni, P. Pavúk, and L. Girella (eds.), Beyond Thalassocracies: Understanding Processes of Minoanisation and Mycenaeanisation in the Aegean. Oxford and Philadelphia: Oxbow Books:155-171.

Abell, N. 2014. Migration, mobility and craftspeople in the Aegean Bronze Age: a case study from Ayia Irini on the island of Kea. World Archaeology 46:551-568.

Barber, R.L.N. 1987. The Cyclades in the Bronze Age. London. (Chapter 7.) Berg, I. 2007. Negotiating island identities: the active use of pottery in the Middle and Late Bronze

Age Cyclades. Berg, I. 1999. 'The Southern Aegean System.' Journal of World Systems Research 5: 475-84; e-journal

only. Bevan, A. 2002. ‘The rural landscape of Neopalatial Kythera: A GIS perspective’, Journal of

Mediterranean Archaeology 15:217-56. Branigan, K. 1981. ‘Minoan colonialism’, Annual of the British School at Athens 76:23-33. Broodbank, C. and E. Kiriatzi. 2007. ‘The first 'Minoans' of Kythera re-visited: technology,

demography, and landscape in the Prepalatial Aegean’ AJA 111:241-274. Cline, E. 1999. The Nature of the Economic Relations of Crete with Egypt and the Near East during the

Late Bronze Age. In, A. Chaniotis (ed.) From Minoan Farmers to Roman Traders: Sidelights on the Economy of Ancient Crete. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag:115-44.

Cutler, J. 2012. Ariadne's Thread: The Adoption of Cretan Weaving Technology in the Wider Southern Aegean in the Mid-Second Millennium BC. In, Kosmos: Jewellery, Adornment and Textiles in the Aegean Bronze Age. M.-L. Nosch and R. Laffineur (eds.) (Aegaeum 33) Liege: 145–154.

Davis, E.N. 1990. 'The Cycladic style of the Thera frescoes.' In, D. Hardy, C. Doumas, J. Sakellarakis and P.M. Warren (eds) Thera and the Aegean World III. Vol. 1: Archaeology. London:214-28.

Davis, J.L. 1984. ‘Cultural innovation and the Minoan thalassocracy at Ayia Irini, Keos’. In, R. Hägg and N. Marinatos (eds), The Minoan Thalassocracy: Myth and Reality, 159-66.

Davis, J.L. 1992. 'Review of Aegean prehistory I: the islands of the Aegean.' American Journal of Archaeology 96:699-756. Reprinted with update, in T. Cullen (ed.) 2001. Aegean Prehistory: A Review. (American Journal of Archaeology Supplement 1).

Davis, J.L. 2007. ‘Minoan Crete and the Aegean islands’. In, C. Shelmerdine (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age, 186-208.

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Dietz, S. 1998. The Cyclades and the Mainland in the Shaft Grave Period - A Summary. Proceedings of the Danish Institute at Athens 2:9-36.

Doumas, C. 1983. Thera: Pompeii of the Ancient Aegean (Chapters 3-5). Girella, L. and P. Pavúk. 2014. Minoanisation, Acculturation, Hybridisation: The Evidence of the

Minoan Presence in the North East Aegean between the Middle and Late Bronze Age. In, N. Stampolidis, Ç. Maner, and K. Kopanias (eds), Nostoi: Indigenous Culture, Migration and Integration in the Aegean Islands and Western Anatolia during the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages. Archaeology 58, Istanbul: Koç University Press:387-420.

Gorogianni, E., J. Cutler, and R. Fitzsimons. 2014. Something Old, Something New: Non-local Brides as Catalysts for Cultural Exchange at Ayia Irini, Kea? In, N. Stampolidis, M. Çiğdem and K. Kopanias (eds.). Nostoi: Indigenous Culture, Migration and Integration in the Aegean Islands and Western Anatolia during the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages. Archaeology 58, Istanbul: Koç University Press: 889-921.

Gorogianni, E., N. Abell, and J. Hilditch. 2016. Reconsidering Technological Transmission: The Introduction of the Potter's Wheel at Ayia Irini, Kea, Greece. AJA 120:195-220.

Graziadio, G. 1998. Trade Circuits and Trade-Routes in the Shaft Grave Period. Studi Micenei ed Egeo-Anatolici 40:29-76. Institute of Classical Studies

Guzowska, M. 2002. ‘Traces of Minoan behavioural patterns in the North-East Aegean’. In, R. Aslan, S. Blum, G. Kasti, F. Schweizer and D. Thumm (eds) Mauer Schau. Festschrift fur Manfred Korfmann, 585-94.

Hägg, R & N. Marinatos (eds) 1984. The Minoan Thalassocracy: Myth and Reality, especially papers by Branigan, Davis and Warren. Institute of Classical Studies.

Kardulias, P.N. 1999. Multiple levels in the Aegean Bronze Age world-system. In, P.N. Kardulias (ed.) World-Systems Theory in Practice, 179-201.

Karnava, A. 2007. Written and stamped records in the Late Bronze Age Cyclades: the sea journeys of an administration. In, N. Brodie et al. (eds) Horizon, 377-86.

Knapp, A.B. 1998. 'Mediterranean Bronze Age trade: distance, power and place.' In, E. Cline and D. Harris-Cline (eds) The Aegean and the Orient in the Second Millennium. (Aegaeum 18) Liège:193-210.

Knappett, C. and I. Nikolakopoulou 2008. ‘Colonialism without colonies? A Bronze Age case study from Akrotiri, Thera.’ Hesperia 77:1-42.

Knappett, C. and Nikolakopoulou, I. 2005. ‘Exchange and affiliation networks in the MBA southern Aegean: Crete, Akrotiri and Miletus’. In, R. Laffineur and E. Greco (eds) Emporia: Aegeans in the Central and Eastern Mediterranean (Aegaeum 25), 175-84.

Knappett, C., T. Evans and R. Rivers. 2008. Modelling maritime interaction in the Aegean Bronze Age. Antiquity 82:1009-24. IoA Pers; e-journal

Knappett, C., Rivers, R. and Evans, T. 2011. The Theran eruption and Minoan palatial collapse: new interpretations gained from modelling the maritime network. Antiquity 85:1008-23.

Macdonald, C., E. Hallager and W.-D. Niemeier (eds) 2009. The Minoans in the central, eastern and northern Aegean - new evidence. (Monographs of the Danish Institute at Athens 8.) Aarhus.

Marketou, T. 2009. 'Ialysos and its neighbouring areas in the MBA and LBI periods: a chance for peace. In, C. Macdonald, E. Hallager and W.-D. Niemeier (eds) The Minoans in the central, eastern and northern Aegean - new evidence. (Monographs of the Danish Institute at Athens 8.) Aarhus: 73-96.

Melas, M. 1991. 'Acculturation and Social Mobility in the Minoan World.' In, R. Laffineur and L. Basch (eds) Thalassa. L'Egée préhistorique et la mer. (Aegaeum 7.) Liège:169-88.

Momigliano, N. 2009. 'Minoans at Iasos?' In, C. Macdonald, E. Halllager and W.-D. Niemeier (eds) The Minoans in the central, eastern and northern Aegean - new evidence. (Monographs of the Danish Institute at Athens 8.) Aarhus:121-40.

Momigliano, N. 2012. Bronze Age Carian Iasos: Structures and Finds from the Area of the Roman Agora (c. 3000-1500 BC),. Missione Archeologica Italiana di Iasos 4, Archaeologica 166, Roma: Giorgio Bretschneider Editore.

Morgan, L. 1990. ‘Island iconography: Thera, Kea, Milos’. In, D.A. Hardy (ed.) Thera and the Aegean World III, 252-66.

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Mountjoy, P.-A. 2004. 'Knossos and the Cyclades in Late Minoan IB.' In, G. Cadogan, E. Hatzaki and A. Vasilakis (eds) Knossos: Palace, City, State. London:399-404.

Niemeier, W.-D. 1984. The end of the Minoan thalassocracy. In, R. Hägg and N. Marinatos (eds), The Minoan Thalassocracy: Myth and Reality: 205-15. Institute of Classical Studies 102B, X102B.

Niemeier, W.-D. 2005. ‘The Minoans and Mycenaeans in Western Asia Minor: settlement, emporia or acculturation?’. In, R. Laffineur and E. Greco (eds) Emporia. Aegeans in the Central and Eastern Mediterranean. (Aegaeum 25) 199-204.

Niemeier, W.-D. 2009. 'Minoanisation' versus 'Minoan thalassocracy' - an introduction. In, C. Macdonald, E. Hallager and W.-D. Niemeier (eds) The Minoans in the central, eastern and northern Aegean - new evidence. (Monographs of the Danish Institute at Athens 8.) Aarhus:11-30.

Palyvou, C. 2005. Akrotiri Thera. An architecture of affluence 3,500 years old. (Prehistory Monographs 15) Philadelphia.

Renfrew, A.C. 1998. ‘Word of Minos: the Minoan contribution to Mycenaean Greek and the linguistic geography of the Bronze Age Aegean’, Cambridge Archaeological Journal 8:239-64.

Renfrew, A.C. and J.M. Wagstaff (eds) 1982. An Island Polity: The Archaeology of Exploitation in Melos. Cambridge.

Sakellarakis, Y. 1996. ‘Minoan religious influence in the Aegean: the case of Kythera’, Annual of the British School at Athens 91: 81-99.

Schofield, E. 1982. ‘The western Cyclades and Crete: a special relationship’ Oxford Journal of Archaeology 1:9-25.

Schofield, E. 1983. ‘The Minoan Emigrant.’ In, O. Krzyszkowska and L. Nixon (eds) Minoan Society. Bristol:293-301.

Sherratt, A. and S. Sherratt. 1998. ‘Small Worlds: Interaction and Identity in the Ancient Mediterranean.’ In, E. Cline and D. Harris-Cline (eds) The Aegean and the Orient in the Second Millennium. (Aegaeum 18). Liège: 329-43.IoA Issue Desk CLI

Steel, L. 2013. Materiality and Consumption in the Bronze Age Mediterranean. Abingdon: Routledge. Stos-Gale, Z. 2001. 'Minoan foreign relations and copper metallurgy in Protopalatial and Neopalatial

Crete.' In, A. Shortland (ed.) The Social Context of Technological Change. Egypt and the Near East, 1650-1550 BC. Oxford:195-210.

Whitelaw, T. 2005 A tale of three cities: chronology and Minoanisation at Phylakopi on Melos. In, A. Dakouri-Hild and E.S. Sherratt (eds) Autochthon, 37-69.

Wiener, M. 1990. ‘The isles of Crete? The Minoan Thalassocracy revisited’. In, D.A. Hardy (ed.) Thera and the Aegean World III: Archaeology, 128-61.

Wiener, M. 1999. ‘Present arms/oars/ingots: searching for evidence of military or maritime administration in LM IB’. In, R. Laffineur (ed.) Polemos: Le contexte guerrier en Égée á l'âge du Bronze (Aegaeum 19), 411-423.

The Greek mainland: Briault, C. 2007. High fidelity or Chinese whispers? Cult symbols and ritual transmission in the Bronze

Age Aegean. JMA 20:239-65. Burns, B. 2010. Mycenaean Greece, Mediterranean Commerce and the Formation of Identity.

Cambridge. Cadogan, G. and K. Kopaka. 2010. 'Coping with the offshore giant: Middle Helladic interactions with

Middle Minoan Crete.' In, A. Philippa-Touchais, G. Touchais, S. Voutsaki, and J. Wright (eds) Mesohelladika. The Greek Mainland in the Middle Bronze Age. (BCH Suppl. 52.) Athens:847-58.

Dickinson, O.T.P.K. 1977. The Origins of Mycenaean Civilisation. Goteborg. (Chapters 2, 3, 8.) Dickinson, O.T.P.K. 1984. ‘Cretan contacts with the mainland during the period of the shaft graves.’

In, R. Hägg & N. Marinatos (eds) The Minoan Thalassocracy: Myth and Reality. Stockholm:117-120. [Institute of Classical Studies]

Dickinson, O.T.P.K. 1999. ‘Invasion, migration and the Shaft Graves’, Bulletin of the Institute of the Classical Studies 43: 97-107.

Dietz, S. 1998. 'The Cyclades and the Mainland in the Shaft Grave Period - A Summary.' Proceedings of the Danish Institute at Athens 2:9-36.

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Graziadio, G. 1998. Trade circuits and trade-routes in the Shaft Grave period. SMEA 40:29-76. ICS Periodicals

Graziadio, G. 1991. ‘The process of social stratification at Mycenae in the shaft grave period: a comparative examination of the evidence’, American Journal of Archaeology 95:403-40.

Kiriatzi, E. 2010. 'Minoanising' pottery traditions in southwest Aegean during the Middle Bronze Age: understanding the social context of technological and consumption practices.' In, A. Philippa-Touchais, G. Touchais, S. Voutsaki, and J. Wright (eds) Mesohelladika. The Greek Mainland in the Middle Bronze Age. (BCH Suppl. 52.) Athens:683-99.

Niemeier, W.-D. 1995. ‘Aegina: first Aegean “state” outside of Crete?’. In, R. Laffineur and W.-D. Niemeier (eds) Politeia: Society and State in the Aegean Bronze Age (Aegaeum 12), 73-80.

Parkinson, W. and Galaty, M. 2007. 'Secondary states in perspective: an integrated approach to state formation in the prehistoric Aegean.' American Anthropologist 109:113-29.

Rutter, J. and C. Zerner 1984. ‘Early Hellado-Minoan contacts.’ In, R. Hägg & N. Marinatos (eds) The Minoan Thalassocracy: Myth and Reality. Stockholm:75-83. Institute of Classical Studies

Rutter, J.B. 1993. ‘Review of Aegean Prehistory II: the prepalatial Bronze Age of the southern and central Greek mainland’, American Journal of Archaeology 97: 745-97 Reprinted in T. Cullen [ed.] Aegean Prehistory: A Review, 95-155.

Voutsaki, S. 1999. ‘Mortuary display, prestige and identity in the shaft grave era’, In, I. Kilian-Dirlmeier (ed.) Eliten in der Bronzezeit: Ergebnisse zweier Kolloquien in Mainz und Athen, Vol. 1. 103-118.

Voutsaki, S. 2010. 'From the kinship economy to the palatial economy: the Argolid in the second millennium BC.' In, D. Pullen (ed.) Political Economies of the Aegean Bronze Age. Oxford:86-111.

Voutsaki, S. 2010. 'The Middle Bronze Age: Mainland Greece.' In, E. Cline (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze Age Aegean (ca. 3000-1000 BC). Oxford:99-112.

Wolpert, A. 2004. ‘Getting past consumption and competition: legitimacy and consensus in the Shaft Graves’. In, J. Barrett and P. Halstead (eds) The Emergence of Civilisation Revisited (Sheffield Studies in Aegean Archaeology), 127-44.

Wright, J. 1995. From chief to king in Mycenaean Greece. In, P. Rehak (ed.) The Role of the Ruler in the Prehistoric Aegean (Aegaeum 11), 63-80.

Wright, J. 2008. ‘Early Mycenaean Greece.’ In, C. Shelmerdine (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age. Cambridge:230-57.

Wright, J. 2010. 'Towards a social archaeology of Middle Helladic Greece.' In, A. Philippa-Touchais, G. Touchais, S. Voutsaki, and J. Wright (eds) Mesohelladika. The Greek Mainland in the Middle Bronze Age. (BCH Suppl. 52.) Athens:803-15.

Seminar 6: 20 February The end of the Neopalatial Cretan polities. The eruption of the volcanic island of Thera (Santorini) in the mid 2nd millennium BC is linked to two debates in Aegean archaeology. One concerns the association between the eruption and the end of Neopalatial Crete (attested by widespread destructions at the end of LM IB). The other concerns Aegean absolute chronology, for radiocarbon dates and other scientific data attributed to the eruption have been used to argue that traditional chronologies were too late by ca. 100 years. This has important ramifications for rates of cultural change in the Aegean as well as correlations with the east Mediterranean and Europe. There is an increasing recognition that the widespread destructions on Crete at the end of the Neopalatial period, are not so easily attributed to a single ‘event’, as most considerations over many decades have assumed, whether long-term consequences of the Theran eruption, an island-wide earthquake(s), or an invasion from the Mycenaean mainland. It is beginning to be looked at as the consequence of longer-term, emerging social difficulties in increasingly centralised and socially differentiated states, though quite what these stresses were and how they caused the destructions, are just as hotly debated. Essential

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Middleton, G. 2017. The end of Minoan Crete. In, G. Middleton, Understanding Collapse. Ancient History and Modern Myths. Cambridge: CUP:109-128.

Driessen, J. and C.F. MacDonald 2000. The eruption of the Santorini volcano and its effects on Minoan Crete. In, W.J. McGuire, D.R. Griffiths, P.L. Hancock and I.S. Stewart (eds) The Archaeology of Geological Catastrophes. (Geological Society Special Publication 171), 81-93. IoA Issue Desk MCG.

Knappett, C., Rivers, R. and Evans, T. 2011. The Theran eruption and Minoan palatial collapse: new interpretations gained from modelling the maritime network. Antiquity 85:1008-23. IoA Pers; e-Journals.

Christakis, K. 2008. The Politics of Storage: Storage and Sociopolitical Complexity in Neopalatial Crete,. Prehistory Monographs 25, Philadelphia: INSTAP Academic Press:119-46. IoA DAG 14 CHR; available on-line through JSTOR.

Driessen, J. and C. Langohr. 2007. Rallying ‘round a ‘Minoan’ past: the legitimation of power at Knossos during the Late Bronze Age. In, M.L. Galaty and W.A. Parkinson (eds) Rethinking Mycenaean Palaces II, 178-89. IoA Issue Desk GAL 1.

Recommended The end of Neopalatial Crete: Brogan, T. and E. Hallager (eds.). 2011. LM IB pottery: relative chronology and regional differences.

Athens: Danish Institute at Athens. Brogan, T., R.A.K. Smith and J.S. Soles. 2003. Mycenaeans at Mochlos? Exploring culture and identity

in the Late Minoan IB to IIIA1 transition. Aegean Archaeology 6:89-118. Bruins, H., J.A. MacGillivray, C. Synolakis, C. Benjamini, J. Keller, H. Kisch, A. Klugel and J. van der

Plicht. 2008. ‘Geoarchaeological tsunami deposits at Palaikastro (Crete) and the Late Minoan IA eruption of Santorini’, Journal of Archaeological Science 35:191-212.

Cunningham, T. 2007. Havoc: the destruction of power and the power of destruction in Minoan Crete. In, J. Bretschneider, J. Driessen and K. van Lerberghe (eds.) Power and Architecture. Monumental public architecture in the Bronze Age Near East and Aegean, 23-43.

Dickinson, O.T.P.K. 1996. ‘Minoans in mainland Greece, Mycenaeans in Crete?’ Cretan Studies 5:63-71. Institute of Classical Studies Pers.

Driessen, J. and C. Macdonald 1997. The Troubled Island: Minoan Crete Before and After the Santorini Eruption (Aegaeum 17), especially Chapters 5-6.

Driessen, J. and I. Schoep. 1999. 'The Stylus and the Sword: The Roles of Scribes and Warriors in the Conquest of Crete.' In, R. Laffineur (ed.) POLEMOS: Le contexte guerrier en Égée á l'âge du Bronze. (Aegaeum 19) Liège:389-401.

Hardy, D.A. (ed.) 1990. Thera and the Aegean World III, Volume II: Earth Sciences. Hood, M.S.F. 1985. Warlike Destruction in Crete c. 1450 B.C. In, T. Detorakis (ed.) Pepragmena tou E'

Diethnous Kritologikou Synedriou. Heraklion: Etairia Kritikon Istorikon Meleton:A.170-78. Institute of Classical Studies.

Macdonald, C. 2017. Punctuation in palatial prehistory: earthquakes as the sttratigraphical markers of the 18th-15th centuries BC in central Crete. In, S. Jusseret and M. Sintubin (eds). Minoan Earthquakes: Breaking the Myth through Interdisciplinarity. Leuven: University Press:327-57.

Marinatos, S. 1939. The volcanic destruction of Minoan Crete. Antiquity 13:425-39. Niemeier, W.-D. 1983. The nature of the Knossian palace society in the second half of the fifteenth

century BC: Mycenaean or Minoan?. In, O. Krzyszkowska and L. Nixon (eds) Minoan Society. Bristol:217-236.

Niemeier, W.-D. 1984. The end of the Minoan thalassocracy. In, R. Hägg and N. Marinatos (eds), The Minoan Thalassocracy: Myth and Reality: 205-15. Institute of Classical Studies

Preston, L. 2008. 'Late Minoan II to IIIB Crete.' In, C. Shelmerdine (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age. Cambridge:310-26.

Puglisi, D. 2013. The view from the day after. In, J. Driessen (ed.) Destruction: archaeological, philological and historical perspectives. Louvain-le-Neuve: UCL Press:171-82.

Soles, J. 1999. ‘The collapse of Minoan civilization: the evidence of the broken ashlar’. In, R. Laffineur (ed.) Polemos. Le contexte guerrier en egee a l’age du bronze (Aegaeum 19), 57-63.

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Soles, J., F. McCoy and R. Suka. 2017. Evidence for three earthquakes at Mochlos in the Neopalatial period, c. 1700-1430 BC, In, S. Jusseret and M. Sintubin (eds). Minoan Earthquakes: Breaking the Myth through Interdisciplinarity. Leuven: University Press:307-26.

The dating controversy: Manning, S. 2010. 'Eruption of Thera/Santorini.' In, E. Cline (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze

Age Aegean (ca. 3000-1000 BC). Oxford:457-74. Wiener, M. 2007. ‘Times change: the current debate in Old World chronology’. In, M. Bietak and E.

Czerny (eds) The Synchronisation of Civilisations in the Eastern Mediterranean in the second millennium B.C. III, 25-47.

Buckland, P.C. and A.J. Dugmore and K.J. Edwards 1997. ‘Bronze Age myths? Volcanic activity and human response in the Mediterranean and North Atlantic regions’, Antiquity 71:581-93.

Driessen, J. and C. MacDonald 1997. The Troubled Island: Minoan Crete Before and After the Santorini Eruption (Aegaeum 17.) Liège. (Especially Chapters 4-6.)

Friedrich, W. 2009. Santorini: volcano, natural history, mythology. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press. Friedrich, W., B. Kromer, M. Friedrich, J. Heinemeier, T. Pfeiffer, and S. Talamo. 2014. The olive

branch chronology stands irrespective of tree-ring counting. Antiquity 88(339):274-276. Hardy, D.A. (ed.) 1990. Thera and the Aegean World III, Volume III: Chronology. Höflmayer, F. 2009. Aegean-Egyptian synchronisms and radiocarbon chronology. In, D. Warburton

(ed.) Time's Up! Dating the Minoan eruption of Santorini. Monographs of the Danish Institute at Athens 10, Athens: The Danish Institute at Athens:187-195.

Kitchen, K. 2007. 'Egyptian and related chronologies - look, no science, no pots!' In, M. Bietak and E. Czerny (eds) The Synchronisation of Civilisations in the Eastern Mediterranean in the Second Millennium B.C. II. Vienna:163-71.

Manning, S. 2007. 'Clarifying the 'high.’ v. 'low' Aegean/Cypriot chronology for the mid second millennium BC: assessing the evidence, interpretive frameworks, and current state of the debate.' In, M. Bietak and E. Czerny (eds) The Synchronisation of Civilisations in the Eastern Mediterranean in the Second Millennium B.C. II. Vienna:101-37.

Manning, S.W. 2014. A Test of Time, and a Test of time revisited. Oxford: Oxbow Books. Manning, S.W. W. Bronk Ramsey, C. Kutschera, T. Higham, B. Kromer, P. Steier, and E. M. Wild. 2006.

‘Chronology for the Aegean Late Bronze Age 1700-1400 B.C.’, Science 312:565-569. Manning, S. and M. Bruce (eds) 2009. Tree-rings, kings, and Old World archaeology and environment:

papers presented in honor of Peter Ian Kuniholm. Oxford. Warburton, D. (ed.) 2009. Time's Up! Dating the Minoan eruption of Santorini. (Monographs of the

Danish Institute at Athens 10.) Athens. Warren, P. 2006. 'The date of the Thera eruption in relation to Aegean-Egyptian interconnections and

the Egyptian historical chronology.' In, E. Czerny et al. (eds) Timelines. Studies in honour of Manfred Bietak, Vol. 2. Leuven:305-21.

Wiener, M.H. 2003. ‘Time out: the current impasse in Bronze Age archaeological dating’. In, K. Foster and R. Laffineur (eds) METRON: Measuring the Aegean Bronze Age (Aegaeum 24), 363-99.

Wiener, M. 2009. The state of the debate about ther date of the Theran eruption. In, D. Warburton (ed.) Time’s Up. Dating the Minoan eruption of Santorini. (Monographs of the Danish Institute at Athens, 10). Athens:197-206.

Wiener, M. and J. Earle. 2014. Radiocarbon dating of the Theran eruption. Open Journal of Archaeometry 2.1:60-64

For anyone unfamiliar with basic dating techniques, C. Renfrew and P. Bahn’s textbook Archaeology: Theories, Methods and Practice has a good summary of key principles. Seminar 7: 27 February Mycenaean polities: society, economy, polity and ideology. The palatial period on the Greek mainland provides rich evidence concerning the power strategies that created and held together the Mycenaean kingdoms. The shifts in emphasis in the material record, from individuals to institutions, with the establishment of the palaces, forms a background to considerations of ideology, power, warfare, monumental architecture and burial.

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The increasing integration of archaeological and textual data to understand Mycenaean economies is transforming our understanding, away from the classic redistributive model, to a more exploitative, extractive model, and so changing our view of the role and significance of the palaces. Key questions include the kinds of activities attested and the nature and scale of the economy that was controlled by the palace. Essential Davis, J.L. and J. Bennet 1999. ‘Making Mycenaeans: warfare, territorial expansion, and

representations of the other in the Pylian kingdom’. In R. Laffineur (ed.) Polemos: le contexte guerrier en Égée à l’age du bronze (Aegaeum 19), 105-20. IoA TC 2163; IoA Issue Desk LAF 1.

Voutsaki, S. 1995. ‘Social and political processes in the Mycenaean Argolid: the evidence from the mortuary practices’. In R. Laffineur & W.-D. Niemeier (eds) Politeia: Society and State in the Aegean Bronze Age (Aegaeum 12; Vol.1), 54-65. IoA TC 1820; IoA Issue Desk LAF 3.

Mee, C.B. and W.G. Cavanagh 1984. ‘Mycenaean tombs as evidence for social and political organisation’, Oxford Journal of Archaeology 3:45-64. IoA Pers; eJournals.

Wright, J. 2006. ‘The formation of the Mycenaean palace.’ In S. Deger-Jalkotzy and I. Lemos (eds) Ancient Greece: from the Mycenaean palaces to the Age of Homer. (Edinburgh Leventis Studies 3). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press:7-52. IoA DAE 100 DEG.

Shelmerdine, C. and J. Bennet. 2008. ‘Economy and administration’ in C. Shelmerdine (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age, 289-309. IoA Issue Desk SHE 16, IoA DAG 100 SHE.

Recommended Acheson, P.E. 1999. ‘The role of force in the development of early Mycenaean polities’. In R. Laffineur

(ed.) Polemos: le contexte guerrier en Egée à l’âge du bronze (Aegaeum 19), 87-104. Bendall, L. 2004. Fit for a king? Hierarchy, exclusion, aspiration and desire in the social structure of

Mycenaean banqueting. In P. Halstead and J. Barrett (eds) Food, Cuisine and Society in Prehistoric Greece. (Sheffield Studies in Aegean Archaeology 5). Oxford:105-35.

Bennet, J. 1995. Space Through Time: Diachronic Perspectives on the Spatial Organization of the Pylian State. In R. Laffineur and W.-D. Niemeier (eds) Politeia: Society and State in the Aegean Bronze Age. (Aegaeum 12) Liège:587-602.

Bennet, J. 1999. The Mycenaean Conceptualization of Space or Pylian Geography (...Yet Again!). In S. Deger-Jalkotzy, S. Hiller and O. Panagl (eds) Floreant Studia Mycenaea. Band I. Wien:131-57.

Bennet, J. 2007. Representations of Power in Mycenaean Pylos. Script, Orality, Iconography. In F. Geburtstag Lang, C. Reinholdt and J. Weilhartner (eds) Στέφανος Αριστείος. Archäologische Forschungen zwischen Nil und Istros: Festschrift für Stefan Hiller zum 65. Wien:11-22.

Burns, B. 2010. Mycenaean Greece, Mediterranean Commerce and the Formation of Identity. Cambridge.

Cavanagh, W.G. 2008. ‘Death and the Mycenaeans’ in C. Shelmerdine (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age, 327-41.

Cavanagh, W. and C. Mee 1998. A Private Place: Death in Prehistoric Greece (Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology 125).

Cherry, J.F. and J.L. Davis 2001. ‘Under the sceptre of Agamemnon’; the view from the hinterlands of Mycenae. In K. Branigan (ed.) Urbanism in the Aegean Bronze Age, 141-59.

Davis, J.L. (ed.) 2008. Sandy Pylos: An Archaeological History from Nestor to Navarino. Dickinson, O.T.P.K. 1977. The Origins of Mycenaean Civilisation. Goteborg. (Chapters 2, 3, 8.) Dickinson, O.T.K.P. 1989. ‘The “origins of Mycenaean civilization” revisited’. In R. Laffineur (ed.)

Transition: Le monde Egéen du Bronze Moyen au Bronze Récent. (Aegaeum 3), 131-6. Dickinson, O.T.P.K. 1999. ‘Invasion, migration and the Shaft Graves’, Bulletin of the Institute of the

Classical Studies 43: 97-107. Dickinson, O.T.P.K., L. Papazoglou-Manioudaki, A. Nafplioti, and J. Prag. 2012. ‘Mycenae revisited Part

4: Assessing the new data’. BSA 107:161-88. Feuer, Bryan. 2011. Being Mycenaean: A View from the Periphery. AJA 115:507-36.

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Fitzsimons, R. 2007. Architecture and Power in the Bronze Age Argolid. In J. Bretschneider, J. Driessen and K. van Lerberghe (eds) Power and Architecture: Monumental Public Architecture in the Bronze Age Near East and Aegean (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 156) Leuven:93-115.

Fitzsimons, R. 2011. Monumental Architecture and the Construction of the Mycenaean State. State Formation in Italy and Greece: Questioning the Neoevolutionist Paradigm, In N. Terrenato and D. Haggis (eds) Oxford:75-118.

Graziadio, G. 1991. ‘The process of social stratification at Mycenae in the shaft grave period: a comparative examination of the evidence’, American Journal of Archaeology 95:403-40.

Harding, A.F. 1984. The Mycenaeans and Europe. New York:68-82 and 279-81. Kilian, K. 1988. ‘The emergence of wanax ideology in the Mycenaean palaces’, Oxford Journal of

Archaeology 7: 291-302. Kramer-Hajos, M. 2016. Mycenaean Greece and the Aegean World: Palace and Province in the Late

Bronze Age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Maran, J. 2006. ‘Mycenaean citadels as performative space’. In J. Maran, C. Juwig, H. Schwengel and

U. Thaler (eds) Constructing Power. Architecture, ideology and social practice, 75-88. Maran, J. 2011. ‘Lost in translation: the Early Mycenaean culture as a phenomenon of glocalization.’

In T. Wilkinson, S. Sherratt and J. Bennet (eds) Interweaving worlds: systemic interactions in Eurasia, 7th to 1st millennia BC. Oxford:282-94.

Nakassis, D. 2012. Prestige and Interest: Feasting and the King at Mycenaean Pylos. Hesperia 81:1-30. Nelson, M. C. 2007. Pylos, block masonry and monumental architecture in the Late Bronze Age

Peloponnese. In J. Bretschneider, J. Driessen and K. van Lerberghe (eds) Power and architecture: monumental public architecture in the Bronze Age Near East and Aegean. (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 156). Leuven:143-59.

Pantou, P. 2010. Mycenaean Dimini in Context: Investigating Regional Variability and Socioeconomic Complexities in Late Bronze Age Greece. AJA 114:381-401.

Pantou, P. 2014. An architectural perspective on social change and ideology in early Mycenaean Greece. AJA 118:369-400.

Parkinson, W. and Galaty, M. 2007. 'Secondary states in perspective: an integrated approach to state formation in the prehistoric Aegean.' American Anthropologist 109:113-29.

Philippa-Touchais, A., G. Touchais, S. Voutsaki, and J. Wright (eds) Mesohelladika. The Greek Mainland in the Middle Bronze Age. (BCH Suppl. 52.) Athens.

Rutter, J.B. 1993. ‘Review of Aegean Prehistory II: the prepalatial Bronze Age of the southern and central Greek mainland’, American Journal of Archaeology 97: 745-97 (also in T. Cullen [ed.] Aegean Prehistory: A Review, 95-155). TC 538

Schon, R. 2007. Chariots, industry and elite power at Pylos. In, M.L. Galaty and W.A. Parkinson (eds.) Rethinking Mycenaean Palaces II:133-45.

Shear, I.M. 2004. Kingship in the Mycenaean world and its reflection in the oral tradition. Philadelphia.

Thaler, U. 2006. ‘Constructing and reconstructing power. The palace of Pylos,’ in J. Maran, C. Juwig, H. Schwengel and U. Thaler (eds) Constructing Power. Architecture, ideology and social practice, 93-111.

Voutsaki, S. 1999. ‘Mortuary display, prestige and identity in the shaft grave era’, in I. Kilian-Dirlmeier (ed.) Eliten in der Bronzezeit: Ergebnisse zweier Kolloquien in Mainz und Athen, Vol. 1. 103-118.

Voutsaki, S. 2010. 'From the kinship economy to the palatial economy: the Argolid in the second millennium BC.' In D. Pullen (ed.) Political Economies of the Aegean Bronze Age. Oxford:86-111.

Voutsaki, S. 1998. ‘Mortuary evidence, symbolic meanings and social change: a comparison between Messenia and the Argolid in the Mycenaean period’ in K. Branigan (ed.) Cemetery and Society in the Aegean Bronze Age (Sheffield Studies in Aegean Archaeology 1), 41-58.

Voutsaki, S. 2010. Agency and personhood at the onset of the Mycenaean period. Archaeological Dialogues 17:65-92.

Voutsaki, S. 2012. From value to meaning, from things to persons: the grave circles of Mycenae reconsidered. In G. Urton and J. Papadopoulos (eds) The Construction of Value in the Ancient World (UCLA Monographs) Los Angeles:160-85.

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Voutsaki, Sofia. 2016. From Reciprocity to Centricity: The Middle Bronze Age in the Greek Mainland. JMA 29:70-8.

Wright, J. 1984. ‘Umpiring the Mycenaean empire’, Temple University Aegean Symposium 9:58-70. Wright, J. 1987. ‘Death and power at Mycenae: changing symbols in mortuary practice’. In R.

Laffineur (ed.) Thanatos: Les coutumes funéraires en Egée à l'âge du bronze (Aegaeum 1), 171-84. Wright, J. 1995. ‘From chief to king in Mycenaean Greece’. In P. Rehak (ed.) The Role of the Ruler in

the Prehistoric Aegean (Aegaeum 11), 63-80. Wright, J. 2004. ‘Comparative settlement patterns during the Bronze Age in the northeastern

Peloponnesos, Greece’ in S.E. Alcock and J.F. Cherry (eds) Side-by-side Survey: Comparative Regional Studies in the Mediterranean World, 114-31.

Wright, J. 2004. ‘A survey of evidence for feasting in Mycenaean society’. In J. Wright (ed.) The Mycenaean Feast, 13-58 (also Hesperia 73.2).

Wright. J. 2006. ‘The social production of space and the architectural reproduction of society in the Bronze Age Aegean during the 2nd millennium B.C.E.‘. In J. Maran, C. Juwig, H. Schwengel and U. Thaler (eds) Constructing Power. Architecture, ideology and social practice, 49-69.

Wright, J. 2008. Chamber Tombs, Family, and State in Mycenaean Greece. In C. Gallou, M. Georgiadis and G. Muskett (eds) Dioskouroi. Studies presented to W. G. Cavanagh and C. B. Mee on the anniversary of their 30-year joint contribution to Aegean Archaeology. (BAR-IS 1889) Oxford:144-53.

Mycenaean palatial economies: Aprile, J. 2013. Crafts, specialists and markets in Mycenaean Greece. The new political economy of

Nichoria: using intrasite distributioinal data to investigate regional institutions. AJA 117:429-36. Bendall, L. 2003. A reconsideration of the Northeastern Building at Pylos: evidence for a Mycenaean

redistributive centre. AJA 107:181-231. Bennet, J. 1985. ‘The structure of the Linear B administration at Knossos’, AJA 89:231-49. Bennet, J. 1995. Space Through Time: Diachronic Perspectives on the Spatial Organization of the

Pylian State. In R. Laffineur and W.-D. Niemeier (eds) Politeia: Society and State in the Aegean Bronze Age. (Aegaeum 12) Liège:587-602.

Bennet, J. 1999. The Mycenaean Conceptualization of Space or Pylian Geography (...Yet Again!). In S. Deger-Jalkotzy, S. Hiller and O. Panagl (eds) Floreant Studia Mycenaea. Band I. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften:131-57.

Bennet, J. 2001. ‘Agency and bureaucracy: thoughts on the nature and extent of administration in Bronze Age Pylos’. In S. Voutsaki and J.T. Killen (eds), Economy and Politics in the Mycenaean Palace States (Cambridge Philological Society Supplement 27), 25-37.

Bennet, J. 2008. ‘The Linear B archives and the kingdom of Nestor’. In J. Davis (ed.) Sandy Pylos. An archaeological history from Nestor to Navarino, 111-32.

Bennet, J. 2008. ‘Palace™: speculations on palatial production in Mycenaean Greece with (some) reference to glass’. In C. Jackson and E. Wager (eds) Vitreous Material in the Late Bronze Age Aegean: A Window to the East Mediterranean World (Sheffield Studies in Aegean Archaeology 8), 151-72. IoA DAG 10 JAC.

Chadwick, J. 1967. The Decipherment of Linear B. Chadwick, J. 1976. The Mycenaean World (a very readable if dated summary from a textual

perspective). de Fidio, P. 2008. Mycenaean history. In Y. Duhoux and A. Morpurgo Davies (eds) A Companion to

Linear B: Mycenaean Greek Texts and their World, Volume 1. (Bibliothèque des cahiers de l'Institut de Linguistique de Louvain 120). Leuven:81-114.

Driessen, J. 2008. Chronology of the Linear B texts. In Y. Duhoux and A. Morpurgo Davies (eds) A Companion to Linear B: Mycenaean Greek Texts and their World, Volume 1. (Bibliothèque des cahiers de l'Institut de Linguistique de Louvain 120). Leuven:69-79.

Galaty, M.L. and W.A. Parkinson (eds) 2007. Rethinking Mycenaean Palaces II. Galaty, M.L. and W.A. Parkinson 2007. ‘2007 Introduction: Mycenaean palaces rethought’ and ‘1999

Introduction: putting Mycenaean palaces in their place’. In M.L. Galaty and W.A. Parkinson (eds) Rethinking Mycenaean Palaces II: 1-20, 21-28.

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Galaty, M., D. Nakassis and W. Parkinson. 2016. Introduction. Reciprocity in Aegean Palatial Societies: Gifts, Debt, and the Foundation of Economic Exchange. JMA 29:61-70.

Halstead, P. 1992. ‘The Mycenaean palatial economy: making the most of the gaps in the evidence’, Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society 38:57-86.

Halstead, P. 2001. ‘Mycenaean wheat, flax and sheep: palatial intervention in farming and its implications for rural society’. In S. Voutsaki and J.T. Killen (eds) Economy and Politics in the Mycenaean Palace States (Cambridge Philological Society supplementary volume 27), 38-50.

Halstead, P. 2011. 'Redistribution in Aegean palatial societies: terminology, scale, and significance.' American Journal of Archaeology 115:229-35.

Halstead, P. and J. Barrett (eds) 2004. Food, Cuisine and Society in Prehistoric Greece. (especially papers by Bendall, Halstead and Isaakidou, and Wright).

Hooker, J.T. 1984. ‘Minoan and Mycenaean administration: a comparison of the Knossos and Pylos archives’. In R. Hägg and N. Marinatos (eds) The Function of the Minoan Palaces, 313-6.

Hruby, J. 2013. Crafts, specialist and markets in Mycenaean Greece. The Palace of Nestor, craft production and mechanisms for the transfer of goods. AJA 117:423-27.

Killen, J.T. 1985. ‘The Linear B tablets and the Mycenaean economy’, in A. Morpurgo Davies and Y. Duhoux (eds) Linear B: A 1984 Survey, 241-305.

Killen, J.T. 2006. ‘The subjects of the wanax: aspects of Mycenaean social structure.’ In S. Deger-Jalkotzy and I. Lemos (eds) Ancient Greece: from the Mycenaean palaces to the Age of Homer. (Edinburgh Leventis Studies 3). Edinburgh:87-99.

Killen, J.T. 2007. ‘Cloth production in Late Bronze Age Greece: the documentary evidence’. In C. Gillis and M.-L. Nosch (eds) Ancient Textiles. Production, craft and society, 50-8.

Killen, J. T. 2008. Mycenaean economy. In, . Y. Duhoux and A. Morpurgo Davies (eds). A Companion to Linear B: Mycenaean Greek Texts and their World, Vol. 1, Bibliothèque des cahiers de l'Institut de Linguistique de Louvain 120, Leuven: Peeters:159-200.

Lupack, S. 2011. A View from Outside the Palace: The Sanctuary and the Damos in Mycenaean Economy and Society. AJA 115:207-17.

Nakassis, D. 2010. Reevaluating staple and wealth finance at Mycenaean Pylos. In D. Pullen (ed.) Political economies of the Aegean Bronze Age. Oxford:127-48.

Nakassis, D. 2013. Individuals and Society in Mycenaean Pylos. Mnemosyne Supplements 358, Leiden and Boston: Brill.

Palaima, T. 1987. ‘Comments on Mycenaean literacy’, Minos 20-2:499-510. Palaima, T. 1990. ‘Origin, development, transition and transformation: the purposes and techniques

of administration in Minoan and Mycenaean society’. In T. Palaima (ed.) Aegean seals, sealings and administration. (Aegaeum 5), 83-99.

Palaima, T. 2003. ‘Archaeology and text: decipherment, translation and interpretation’. In J. Papadopoulos and R. Leventhal (eds) Theory and Practice in Mediterranean Archaeology: Old World and New World Perspectives, 45-73.

Palaima, T. and E. Sikkenga 1999. ‘Linear A > Linear B’. In P.P. Betancourt, V. Karageorghis, R. Laffineur, and W.-D. Niemeier (eds) Meletemata (Aegaeum 20), 599-608.

Parkinson, W., D. Nakassis and M. Galaty. 2013. Crafts, specialist and markets in Mycenaean Greece. Introduction. AJA 117:413-22.

Parkinson, W. and D. Pullen. 2014. The Emergence of Craft Specialization on the Greek Mainland. In, D. Nakassis, J. Gulizio and S. James (eds). KE-RA-ME-JA: Studies Presented to Cynthia W. Shelmerdine. Philadelphia: INSTAP Academic Press:73-81.

Privitera, Santo. 2014. Long-Term Grain Storage and Political Economy in Bronze Age Crete: Contextualizing Ayia Triada's Silo Complexes. AJA 118:429-449.

Pullen, D. 2013. ‘Crafts, specialist and markets in Mycenaean Greece. Exchanging the Mycenaean economy.’ AJA 117:437-45.

Schon, R. 2007. Chariots, industry and elite power at Pylos. In, M.L. Galaty and W.A. Parkinson (eds.) Rethinking Mycenaean Palaces II:133-45.

Shelmerdine, C. 2006. ‘Mycenaean palatial administration.’ In S. Deger-Jalkotzy and I. Lemos (eds) Ancient Greece: from the Mycenaean palaces to the Age of Homer. (Edinburgh Leventis Studies 3). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press:73-86.

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Shelmerdine, C. 2008. ‘Mycenaean society.’ In Y. Duhoux and A. Morpurgo Davies (eds) A Companion to Linear B: Mycenaean Greek Texts and their World, Volume 1. (Bibliothèque des cahiers de l'Institut de Linguistique de Louvain 120). Leuven: Peeters:115-158.

Shelmerdine, C. 2013. Crafts, specialists and markets in Mycenaean Greece. Economic interplay among households and states. AJA 117:447-52.

Small, D. 2007. Mycenaean Polities: States or Estates? In, M. Galaty and W. Parkinson (eds). Rethinking Mycenaean Palaces II (2nd ed). Los Angeles: University of California:47-53.

van Alfen, P. 2008. The Linear B inscribed vases. In Y. Duhoux and A. Morpurgo Davies (eds) A Companion to Linear B: Mycenaean Greek Texts and their World, Volume 1. (Bibliothèque des cahiers de l'Institut de Linguistique de Louvain 120). Leuven:235-42.

Ventris, M. and J. Chadwick. 1973. Documents in Mycenaean Greek (2nd edition). Voutsaki, S. 2001. ‘Economic control, power and prestige in the Mycenaean world: the archaeological

evidence’ in S. Voutsaki and J.T. Killen (eds) Economy and Politics in the Mycenaean Palace States. ((Cambridge Philological Society supplementary volume 27), 195-213.

Whitelaw, T. 2001. ‘Reading between the tablets: assessing Mycenaean palatial involvement in ceramic production and consumption’ in S. Voutsaki and J.T. Killen (eds) Economy and Politics in the Mycenaean Palace States (Cambridge Philological Society supplementary volume 27), 51-79.

Mycenaean religion: Bendall, L. 2001. ‘The economics of Potnia in the Linear B documents: palatial support for Mycenaean

religion’ in R. Laffineur and R. Hägg (eds) POTNIA: Deities and Religion in the Aegean Bronze Age (Aegaeum 22), 45-52.

Bendall, L. 2007. Economics of Religion in the Mycenaean World. Resources Dedicated to Religion in the Mycenaean Palace Economy. (Oxford University School of Archaeology Monograph 67). Oxford.

Chadwick, J. 1985. ‘What do we know about Mycenaean religion?’. In A. Morpurgo Davies and Y. Duhoux (eds) Linear B: A 1984 Survey, 191-202. TC 150; Institute of Classical Studies X 102F MOR.

Hägg, R. 1997. ‘State and religion in Mycenaean Greece’. In R. Laffineur and W-D. Niemeier (eds) POLITEIA: Society and State in the Aegean Bronze Age (Aegaeum 12), 387-92.

Hiller, S. 2011. Mycenaean religion and cult. In Y. Duhoux and A. Morpurgo Davies (eds) A Companion to Linear B: Mycenaean Greek Texts and their World, Volume 2 (Bibliothèque des Cahiers de l'Institut de Linguistique de Louvain 127) Leuven:169-211.

Lupack, S. 2007. ‘Palaces, sanctuaries, and workshops: the role of the religious sector in Mycenaean economics.’ In M. Galaty and W. Parkinson (eds) Rethinking Mycenaean Palaces II, second ed. (Cotsen Institute of Archaeology at UCLA Monograph 60). Los Angeles: University of California:54-65.

Lupack, S. 2008. The Role of the Religious Sector in the Economy of Late Bronze Age Mycenaean Greece. (BAR-IS 1858). Oxford.

Lupack, S. 2010. ‘Mycenaean Religion.’ In E. Cline (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze Age Aegean (ca. 3000-1000 BC). Oxford:263-76.

Mylonas, G.E. 1982. ‘The cult centre of Mycenae’, Proceedings of the British Academy 67:307-20. Palaima, T. 2008. ‘Mycenaean religion’. In C. Shelmerdine (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to the

Aegean Bronze Age, 342-61. IoA Issue Desk SHE 16; IoA DAG 100 SHE. Peatfield, A.A.D. 1994. After the ‘big bang’ — what? or Minoan symbols and shrines beyond palatial

collapse. In S.E. Alcock and R. Osborne (eds) Placing the Gods: Sanctuaries and Sacred Space in Ancient Greece, 19-36.

Renfrew, A.C. 1985. The Archaeology of Cult: The Sanctuary at Phylakopi, especially Preface and Introduction.

Wright, J. 1994. The spatial configuration of belief: the archaeology of Mycenaean religion. In S.E. Alcock and R. Osborne (eds) Placing the Gods: Sanctuaries and Sacred Space in Ancient Greece, 37-78.

Seminar 8: 6 March The Mycenaeanisation of the Aegean.

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How did the mainland core of the Mycenaean palatial world relate to other parts of the Aegean? This involves several different issues. One is the ‘Mycenaeanisation’ of much of the island Aegean, and the question of the nature of Final Palatial and Post-palatial Crete in the period of the Linear B archives (Seminar 5). Another is relations with non-palatial societies in the north and west Aegean, which maintained quite different ways of life. Finally, there were differing degrees of contact and cultural imports/adoptions with Troy, Miletus and other west Anatolian urban communities, behind which lie distant links even further east, with the Hittite empire. Essential Bennet, J. 2011. ‘The geography of the Mycenaean kingdoms.’ In Y. Duhoux and A. Morpurgo Davies

(eds). A Companion to Linear B Mycenaean Greek Texts and their World, Vol. 2. Louvain-la-Neuve:137-168. MAIN Comp. Phil. B 25 DUH.

Tartaron, T. 2010. ‘Between and beyond: political economy in the non-palatial Mycenaean worlds.’ In D. Pullen (ed.) Political economies of the Aegean Bronze Age. Oxford: Oxbow Books:161-83. IoA Issue Desk PUL 2.

Feuer, B. 2011. ‘Being Mycenaean: A View from the Periphery.’ AJA 115:507-36. IoA Pers; eJournals. Mokrišová, J. 2016. Minoanisation, Mycenaeanisation, and Mobility: A View from Southwest

Anatolia. In, E. Gorogianni, P. Pavúk, and L. Girella (eds.), Beyond Thalassocracies: Understanding Processes of Minoanisation and Mycenaeanisation in the Aegean. Oxford and Philadelphia: Oxbow Books:43-57.

Easton, D.F., J.D. Hawkins, A.G. Sherratt and E.S. Sherratt 2002. ‘Troy in recent perspective’, Anatolian Studies 52:75-109. IoA Pers.

Recommended Adrimi-Sismani, V. 2007. ‘Mycenaean northern borders revisited. New evidence from Thessaly’. In

M.L. Galaty and W.A. Parkinson (eds) Rethinking Mycenaean Palaces II. 159-77. Andreou, S. 2001. ‘Exploring the patterns of power in the Bronze Age settlements of northern

Greece;. In K. Branigan (ed.) Urbanism in the Aegean Bronze Age (Sheffield Studies in Aegean Archaeology 4), 160-73.

Andreou, S., M. Fotiades and K. Kotsakis 1996. ‘Review of Aegean Prehistory V: The Neolithic and Bronze Age of northern Greece’, American Journal of Archaeology 100: 537-97 (also in T. Cullen [ed.] 2001 Aegean Prehistory: A Review, 259-327).

Beckman, G., T. Bryce and E. Cline. 2011. The Ahhiyawa Texts. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature. Bennet, J. 1995. Space Through Time: Diachronic Perspectives on the Spatial Organization of the

Pylian State. In R. Laffineur and W.-D. Niemeier (eds) Politeia: Society and State in the Aegean Bronze Age. (Aegaeum 12) Liège:587-602.

Arena, E. 2015. Mycenaean Peripheries during the Palatial Age: The Case of Achaia. Hesperia 84:1-46. Bennet, J. 1999. The Mycenaean Conceptualization of Space or Pylian Geography (...Yet Again!). In S.

Deger-Jalkotzy, S. Hiller and O. Panagl (eds) Floreant Studia Mycenaea. Band I. Wien:131-57. Broodbank, C., E. Kiriatzi and J.B. Rutter 2005. ‘From pharaoh’s feet to the slave-women of Pylos?

The history and cultural dynamics of Kythera in the third palace period’. In A. Dakouri-Hild and E. S. Sherratt (eds) Ace High: Studies Presented to Oliver Dickinson on the Occasion of His Retirement. Oxford:70-96.

Bryce, T. 2003. ‘Relations between Hatti and Ahhiyawa in the last decades of the Bronze Age’. In G. Beckman, R. Beal and G. McMahon (eds) Hittite studies in honor of Harry A. Hoffner Jr., 59-72.

Byrce, T. 2005. The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Byrce, T. 2002. Life and Society in th Hittite World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bryce, T. 2005. The Trojans and Their Neighbours. London: Routledge. Cline, E. 1996. ‘Assuwa and the Achaeans: the “Mycenaean” sword at Hattusas and its possible

implications’, Annual of the British School at Athens 91: 137-151. Cline, E. 2008. ‘Troy as a 'Contested Periphery': Archaeological Perspectives on Cross-Cultural and

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and I. Rutherford (eds) Anatolian Interfaces: Hittites, Greeks and Their Neighbours. Oxford:11-19. IoA DBC 100 COL.

Cline, E. 2013. The Trojan War: a very short introduction. New York: Oxford Universitty Press. Earle, J. 2012. A Cycladic perspective on Mycenaean long-distance exchanges. JMA 25:3-25. Jablonka, P. 2010. Troy. In E. Cline (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze Age Aegean (ca. 3000-

1000 BC). Oxford:849-61. Jablonka, P. and C.B. Rose. 2004. Late Bronze Age Troy: A Response to Frank Kolb. AJA 108:615-30. Kilian, K. 1990. Mycenaean colonization: norm and variety. In J.-P. Descoeudres (ed.) Greek

colonists and native populations. Oxford:445-67. Kiriatzi, E., S. Andreou, S. Dimitriadis and K. Kotsakis 1997. ‘Co-existing traditions: handmade and

wheelmade pottery in Late Bronze Age Central Macedonia’. In R. Laffineur and P.P. Betancourt (eds) TEHNI: Craftsmen, Craftswomen and Craftsmanship in the Aegean Bronze Age (Aegaeum 16), 275-89.

Kolb, F. 2004. ‘Troy VI: a trading centre and commercial city’, AJA 108:577-614. Korfmann, M. 1995. ‘Troia: a residential and trading city at the Dardanelles’. In W.-D. Niemeier & R.

Laffineur (eds) Politeia: Society and State in the Aegean Bronze Age (Aegaeum 12), 173-184. Mee, C.M. 1998. ‘Anatolia and the Aegean in the Late Bronze Age’. In E. Cline and D. Harris-Cline

(eds) The Aegean and the Orient in the Second Millennium (Aegaeum 18), 137-148. Mee, C. 2008. ‘Mycenaean Greece, the Aegean and beyond’. In C. Shelmerdine (ed.) The Cambridge

Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age, 362-86. Mountjoy, P.-A. 1998. The East Aegean-West Anatolian Interface in the Late Bronze Age:

Mycenaeans and the Kingdom of Ahhiyawa. Anatolian Studies 48:33-67. Mountjoy, Penelope A. 2014. The East Aegean-West Anatolian Interface in the 12th Century BC:

Some Aspects Arising from the Mycenaean Pottery. In, N. Stampolidis, C. Maner and K. Kopanias (eds.) Nostoi: Indigenous Culture, Migration and Integration in the Aegean Islands and Western Anatolia during the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages (Archaeology 58), Istanbul: Koç University Press:37-80.

Niemeier, W.-D. 1998. The Mycenaeans in Western Anatolia and the problem of the origins of the Sea Peoples,’ in S. Gitin, A. Mazar and E. Stern (eds) Mediterranean peoples in transition. Thirteenth to early tenth centuries BCE, 17-65.

Niemeier, W.-D. 1999. ‘Mycenaeans and Hittites in war in Asia Minor’. In R. Laffineur (ed.) Polemos: le contexte guerrier en Egée à l’âge du bronze (Aegaeum 19), 141-55.

Niemeier, W.-D. 2005. ‘The Minoans and Mycenaeans in Western Asia Minor: settlement, emporia or acculturation?’. In R. Laffineur and E. Greco (eds) Emporia. Aegeans in the Central and Eastern Mediterranean. (Aegaeum 25) 199-204.

Niemeier, W.-D. 2005. ‘Minoans, Mycenaeans, Hittites and Ionians in Western Asia Minor: New Excavations in Bronze Age Miletus-Millawanda.’ In A. Villing (ed.) The Greeks in the East. (British Museum Research Publication 157). London:1-36. IoA DBA 100 Qto VIL.

Pantou, P. 2010. Mycenaean Dimini in Context: Investigating Regional Variability and Socioeconomic Complexities in Late Bronze Age Greece. AJA 114:381-401.

Preston, L. 2004. ‘A mortuary perspective on political changes in Late Minoan II-IIIB Crete’, American Journal of Archaeology 108:321-48.

Pullen, D. and T. Tartaron. 2007. Where's the Palace? The Absence of State Formation in Late Bronze Age Corinthia. In M. Galaty and W. Parkinson (eds) Rethinking Mycenaean Palaces II (Revised and expanded second ed.) (Cotsen Institute of Archaeology at UCLA Monograph 60) Los Angeles:146-58.

Schallin, A.-L. 1993. Islands Under Influence: The Cyclades in the Late Bronze Age and the Nature of the Mycenaean Presence (Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology 111).

Schallin, A. -L. 1998. The Nature of Mycenaean Presence and Peer Polity Interaction in the Late Bronze Age Cyclades. In L. Mendoni and A. Mazarakis Ainian (eds) Kea-Kythnos: History and Archaeology. (Meletimata 27) Athens:175-87.

Tartaron, T. 2005. Glykys Limin and the discontinuous Mycenaean periphery. In, R. Laffineur and E. Greco (eds.). Emporia. Aegeans in the Central and Eastern Mediterranean. (Aegaeum 25.) Leige:153-60.

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Studia Troica, a series containing abundant information on the recent excavations at Troy. Wright, J.C. 1984. ‘Umpiring the Mycenaean empire’, Temple University Aegean Symposium 9:58-70. Seminar 9: 13 March Mycenaean trade. Mycenaean interaction continues earlier Minoan traditions but also develops in dramatic new ways, in terms of new regions, types of exchange systems, the materials exchanged, and the volume of material traded. The development of Cyprus as an urban society reconfigured eastern Mediterranean metal supply mechanisms and trading patterns, and its changing entrepreneurial role had significant effects on Mycenaean trade. For the first time, shpiwrecks also provide direct evidence for the mechanisms of transfer. Essential Sherratt, A. and S. Sherratt. 1998. ‘Small Worlds: Interaction and Identity in the Ancient

Mediterranean.’ In E. Cline and D. Harris-Cline (eds) The Aegean and the Orient in the Second Millennium. (Aegaeum 18). Liège: 329-43.IoA Issue Desk CLI

Cline, E. 2009. ‘Bronze Age Interactions between the Aegean and the Eastern Mediterranean Revisited: Mainstream, Periphery, or Margin?’ In W. Parkinson and M. Galaty (eds) Archaic State Interaction: The Eastern Mediterranean in the Bronze Age. Santa Fe:161-80. IoA Issue Desk PAR 10

Bevan, A. 2010. ‘Making and marking relationships. Bronze Age brandings and Mediterranean commodities.’ In A. Bevan and D. Wengrow (eds) Cultures of Commodity Branding. Walnut Creek: Left Coast Press:35-85. IoA AH BEV.

Schon, R. 2009. ‘Think Locally, Act Globally: Mycenaean Elites and the Late Bronze Age World-System.’ In W. Parkinson and M. Galaty (eds) Archaic State Interaction: The Eastern Mediterranean in the Bronze Age. Santa Fe:213-36. IoA Issue Desk PAR 10

Kiriatzi, E. and S. Andreou 2016. Mycenaean and Mycenaeanising Pottery across the Mediterranean: A Multi-Scalar Approach to Technological Mobility, Transmission and Appropriation. In, E. Kiriatzi and C. Knappett (eds.), Human Mobility and Technological Transfer in the Prehistoric Mediterranean. British School at Athens Studies in Greek Antiquity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press:128-153.

Recommended Barber, E.J.W. 1991. Prehistoric Textiles (especially Chapter 15). Beckman, G., T. Bryce and E. Cline. 2011. The Ahhiyawa Texts. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature. Bell, C. 2005. ‘Wheels within wheels? A view of Mycenaean trade from the Levantine emporia’. In

R. Laffineur and E. Greco (eds) Emporia: Aegeans in the Central and Eastern Mediterranean (Aegaeum 25), 363-9.

Bell, C. 2009. Continuity and change: the divergent destinies of Late Bronze Age ports in Syria and Lebanon across the LBA/Iron Age transition. In C. Bachhuber and R.G. Roberts (eds) Forces of Transformation. The end of the Bronze Age in the Mediterranean. Oxford:30-8.

Bell, C. 2012. The merchants of Ugarit: oligarchs of the Late Bronze Age trade in metals? In V. Kassianidou and G. Papasavvas (eds) Eastern Mediterranean Metallurgy and Metalwork in the Second Millennium BC: A conference in honour of James D. Muhly. Oxford:180-87.

Bevan, A. 2003. 'Reconstructing the role of Egyptian culture in the value regimes of the Bronze Age Aegean: stone vessels and their social contexts.' In R. Matthews and C. Roemer (eds) Ancient Perspectives on Egypt. London:57-74.

Bevan, A.H. 2007. Stone Logics: Vessels and Values in the Bronze Age East Mediterranean. Cambridge.

Broodbank, C. 2010. ''Ships a-sail from over the rim of the sea': voyaging, sailing and the making of Mediterranean societies c. 3500-800 BC.’ In A. Anderson, J.H. Barrett and K. Boyle (eds) The Global Origins of Seafaring. (McDonald Institute Monographs) Cambridge:249-64.

Broodbank, C. 2013. The Making of the Middle Sea. London: Thames and Hudson.

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Byrce, T. 2005. The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Byrce, T. 2002. Life and Society in th Hittite World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bryce, T. 2005. The Trojans and Their Neighbours. London: Routledge. Bryce, T. 2014. Ancient Syria: a three thousand year history. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Beckman, G., T. Bryce and E. Cline. 2011. The Ahhiyawa Texts. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature. Buxeda i Garrigós, J., R. Jones, V. Kilikoglou, S. Levi, Y. Maniatis, J. Mitchell, L. Vagnetti, K. Wardle and

S. Andreou. 2003. Technology transfer at the periphery of the Mycenaean world: the cases of Mycenaean pottery found in central Macedonia (Greece) and the Plain of Sybaris (Italy). Archaeometry 45:263-84.

Burns, B. 2010. Mycenaean Greece, Mediterranean Commerce and the Formation of Identity. Cambridge.

Cline, E. 2005. 'The multivalent nature of imported objects in the ancient Mediterranean world.' In R. Laffineur and E. Greco (eds) 2005. Emporia. Aegeans in the Central and Eastern Mediterranean. (Aegaeum 25) Liège:45-52.

Cline, E. 2007. Rethinking Mycenaean international trade with Egypt and the Near East. In M.L. Galaty and W.A. Parkinson (eds) Rethinking Mycenaean Palaces II, 190-200.

Cline, E. 2009. Sailing the Wine-Dark Sea: International Trade and the Late Bronze Age Aegean (second ed.). (BAR IS 591). Oxford.

Cline, E.H. and D. Harris-Cline (eds) 1998. The Aegean and the Orient in the Second Millennium (Aegaeum 18).

Feldman, M. 2006. Diplomacy by Design: Luxury Arts and an ‘International Style’ in the Ancient Near East, 1400-1200 BCE.

Feldman, M. and C. Sauvage. 2010. Objects of prestige? Chariots in the Late Bronze Age Eastern Mediterranean and Near East. Egypt and the Levant 20:67-181.

Gale, N. (ed.) 1991. Bronze Age Trade in the Mediterranean (Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology 90).

Gale, N. and Z.A. Stos-Gale 1999. ‘Copper oxhide ingots and the Aegean metals trade: new perspectives’. In P.P. Betancourt, V. Karageorghis, R. Laffineur, and W.-D. Niemeier (eds) Meletemata (Aegaeum 20), 267-77.

Hirschfeld, N. 2009. The many ways and means between Late Bronze Age Aegeans and Levants. In A.-M. Maila-Afeiche (ed.) Interconnections in the Eastern Mediterranean. Lebanon in the Bronze and Iron Ages. (Baal VI). Beirut:285-94.

Jasink, A.M. 2005. Mycenaean means of communication and diplomatic relations with foreign royal courts. In R. Laffineur and E. Greco (eds) Emporia. Aegeans in the central and eastern Mediterranean. (Aegaeum 25). Liege:59-68.

Killibrew, A. 1998. ‘Aegean and Aegean-style material culture in Canaan during the 14th-12th centuries BC: trade, colonisation, diffusion or migration?’. In E. Cline and D. Harris-Cline (eds) The Aegean and the Orient in the Second Millennium (Aegaeum 18), 159-169.

Knapp, A.B. 1998. 'Mediterranean Bronze Age trade: distance, power and place.' In E. Cline and D. Harris-Cline (eds) The Aegean and the Orient in the Second Millennium. (Aegaeum 18) Liège:193-210.

Knapp, A.B. 2008. Prehistoric and Protohistoric Cyprus: Identity, Insularity, and Connectivity. Knapp, B. 2009. Migration, hybridisation and collapse: Bronze Age Cyprus and the Eastern

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Cambridge. Laffineur, R. and E. Greco (eds) 2005. Emporia: Aegeans in the Central and Eastern Mediterranean

(Aegaeum 25). Liverani, M. 2001. International Relations in the Ancient Near East, 1600-1100 BC. Liverani, M. 2014. The Ancient Near East. History, society and economy. Abingdon: Routledge. Lo Schiavo, F., J. Muhly, R. Maddin and A. Giumlia-Mair (eds) 2009. Oxhide Ingots in the Central

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Manning, S.W. and L. Hulin. 2005. ‘Maritime commerce and geographies of mobility in the Late Bronze Age of the eastern Mediterranean: problematizations’. In E. Blake and A. B. Knapp (eds). The Archaeology of Mediterranean Prehistory, 270-302.

Mee, C. 2008. ‘Mycenaean Greece, the Aegean and beyond’. In C. Shelmerdine (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age, 362-86.

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Morris, S. 2003. Islands in the sea: Aegean polities as Levantine neighbors. In W. Dever and S. Gitin (eds) Symbiosis, Symbolism and the Power of the Past. Winona Lake:3-15.

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Pulak, C. 2001. ‘The cargo of the Uluburun ship and evidence for trade with the Aegean and beyond’. In L. Bonifante and V. Karageorghis (eds) Italy and Cyprus in antiquity: 1500-450 BC., 13-60.

Sherratt, A. and S. Sherratt 1991. ‘From luxuries to commodities: the nature of Mediterranean Bronze Age trading systems’. In N.H. Gale (ed.) Bronze Age Trade in the Mediterranean (Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology 90), 351-86.

Sherratt, A. and S. Sherratt. 2001. ‘Technological change in the east Mediterranean Late Bronze Age: capital, resources and marketing.’ In A.J. Shortland (ed.) The Social Context of Technological Change: Egypt and the Near East 1650-1550 BC. Oxford:15-38.

Sherratt, S. 1999. ‘E pur si muove: pots, markets and values in the second millennium Mediterranean’. In J.P. Crielaard, V. Stissi and G.J. van Wijngaarden (eds), The Complex Past of Pottery: Production, Circulation and Consumption of Mycenaean and Greek Pottery, 163-211.

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Stos-Gale, Z. 2000. 'Trade in metals in the Bronze Age Mediterranean: an overview of lead isotope data for provenance studies.' In C. Pare (ed.) Metals Make the World Go Round. Oxford:56-69.

Tartaron, T. 2005. Glykys Limin and the discontinuous Mycenaean periphery. In, R. Laffineur and E. Greco (eds.). Emporia. Aegeans in the Central and Eastern Mediterranean. (Aegaeum 25.) Leige:153-60.

Tartaron, T. 2013. Maritime Networks in the Mycenaean World. Cambridge. Vagnetti, L. 1999. ‘Mycenaean pottery in the central Mediterranean; imports and local production in

their context’. In J. P. Crielaard, V. Stissi, and G. J. van Wijngaarden (eds), The Complex Past of Pottery, 137-61.

Vagnetti, L. 2005. ‘Mycenaean pottery in the central Mediterranean: imports, imitations and derivatives.’ In R. Laffineur and E. Greco (eds) Emporia. Aegeans in the central and eastern Mediterranean. (Aegaeum 25) Liege:539-45.

Van de Mieroop, M. 2007 A History of the Ancient Near East ca. 3000-323 BC. Oxford: Blackwell. Van de Mieroop, M. 2007. The Eastern Mediterranean in the Age of Ramesses II. Oxfrod: Blackwell. van Wijngaarden, G.-J. 1999. ‘An archaeological approach to the concept of value: Mycenaean

pottery at Ugarit (Syria)’, Archaeological Dialogues 1999:2-40. van Wijngaarden, G.-J. 2002. Use and Appreciation of Mycenaean Pottery in the Levant, Cyprus and

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Vianello, A. 2005. Late Bronze Age Mycenaean and Italic Products in the West Mediterranean: A Social and Economic Analysis (BAR International Series 1439). Oxford.

Voskos, I and B. Knapp. 2008. Cyprus at the end of the Late Bronze Age: crisis and colonization or continuity and hybridization? AJA 112:659-84.

Wachsmann, S. 1987. Aegeans in the Theban Tombs. (Chapters 1, 6-7.) Wachsmann, S. 1998. Seagoing Ships and Seamanship in the Bronze Age Levant. Yalcin, U., C. Pulak and R. Slotta (eds) 2005. Das Schiff von Uluburun. Bochum. Seminar 10: 20 March The collapse of Aegean Bronze age polities. The late 13th and 12th centuries BC saw widespread transformations, in certain cases involving political collapse, across the Aegean and east Mediterranean. The causes for the ‘ending’ of the Bronze Age, and indeed whether a universal cause should be sought across the entire region, are hotly debated. New perspectives are also emerging on Early Iron Age societies in the Aegean, and the place within such processes of oral epic and the construction of memories of a heroic past. Essential Deger-Jalkotzy, S. 2008. ‘Decline, destruction, aftermath’. In C. Shelmerdine (ed.) The Cambridge

Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age, 387-415. IoA Issue Desk SHE 16; DAG 100 SHE. Sherratt, S. 2001. ‘Potemkin palaces and route-based economies’. In S. Voutsaki and J.T. Killen (eds)

Economy and Politics in the Mycenaean Palace States (Cambridge Philological Society Supplement 27), 214-238. IoA Issue Desk VOU; IoA DAE 100 VOU; Main: LINGUISTICS Journals.

Maran, J. 2009. ‘The crisis years? Reflections on signs of instability in the last decades of the Mycenaean palaces.’ Scienze dell'antichità: Storia archeologia antropologia 15:241-62 (available on www.Academia.edu).

Sherratt, S. 1998. ‘”Sea peoples” and the economic structure of the late second millennium in the Eastern Mediterranean’. In S. Gitin, A. Mazar and E. Stern (eds) Mediterranean Peoples in Transition: Thirteenth to Early Tenth Centuries BCE, 92-313. IoA TC 2183; IoA Issue Desk GIT.

Middleton, G. 2017. The kingdoms of Mycenaean Greece. In, G. Middleton, Understanding Collapse. Ancient History and Modern Myths. Cambridge: CUP:129-54.

Recommended Bennet, J. 1997. ‘Homer and the Bronze Age’. In I. Morris and B. Powell (eds) A New Companion to

Homer, 511-34. IoA TC 2418; Main: CLASSICS GN 10 MOR. Bennet, J. 2004. ‘Iconographies of value: words, people and things in the Late Bronze Age Aegean’. In

J. Barrett and P. Halstead (eds) The Emergence of Civilisation Revisited (Sheffield Studies in Aegean Archaeology 6), 90-106.

Carter, J.B. and S.M. Morris (eds) 1995. The Ages of Homer. Cline, E. 2013. The Trojan War: a very short introduction. New York: Oxford University Press. Cline, E. 2014. 1177 B.C.: The Year Civilization Collapsed. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Deger-Jalkotzy, S. and I. Lemos (eds) 2006. Ancient Greece: from the Mycenaean palaces to the Age

of Homer. (Edinburgh Leventis Studies 3). Edinburgh. Dickinson, O. 2006. The Aegean from Bronze Age to Iron Age: Continuity and Change Between the

Twelfth and Eighth Centuries BC. Dickinson, O. 2006. The Mycenaean heritage of Early Iron Age Greece. In S. Deger-Jalkotzy and I.

Lemos (eds) Ancient Greece: from the Mycenaean palaces to the Age of Homer. (Edinburgh Leventis Studies 3). Edinburgh:115-22.

Dothan, T. and M. Dothan 1992. The People of the Sea: The Search for the Philistines. Foxhall, L. 1995. ‘Bronze to iron: agricultural systems and political structures in Late Bronze Age and

Early Iron Age Greece’, Annual of the British School at Athens 90:239-50. Liverani, M. 1985. ‘The collapse of the Near Eastern regional system at the end of the Bronze Age:

the case of Syria’. In M. Rowlands, M. Larsen and K. Kristiansen (eds) Centre and Periphery in the Ancient World, 66-73.

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Maran, J. 2006. Coming to terms with the past: ideology and power in Late Helladic IIIC. In S. Deger-Jalkotzy and I. Lemos (eds) Ancient Greece: from the Mycenaean palaces to the Age of Homer. (Edinburgh Leventis Studies 3). Edinburgh:123-50.

Maran, J. 2011. Contested pasts - the society of the 12th c. BCE Argolid and the memory of the Mycenaean palatial period. In W. Gauss, M. Lindblom, R.A. Smith and J. Wright (eds) Our cups are full: pottery and society in the Aegean Bronze Age. Oxford:169-78.

Maran, J. 2012. Ceremonial feasting equipment, social space and interculturality in Post-Palatial Tiryns. In, J. Maran and P. Stockhammer ( eds), Materiality and Social Practice: Transformative Capacities of Intercultural Encounters, Oxford: Oxbow Books:21–136.

McAnany, P. and N. Yoffee (eds) 2010. Questioning Collapse: Human Resilience, Ecological Vulnerability and the Aftermath of Empire.

Middleton, G. 2010. The Collapse of Palatial Society in LBA Greece and the Postpalatial Period. BAR-IS 2110, Oxford: Archaeopress.

Middleton, G. 2015. Telling Stories: The Mycenaean Origins of the Philistines. OJA 34:45-65. Morris, I. 1986. ‘The use and abuse of Homer’, Classical Antiquity 5: 81-138. Morris, S. and R. Laffineur (eds) 2007. Epos: Reconsidering Greek Epic and Aegean Bronze Age

Archaeology (Aegaeum 28). Niemeier, W.-D. 1998. The Mycenaeans in Western Anatolia and the problem of the origins of the

Sea Peoples,’ in S. Gitin, A. Mazar and E. Stern (eds) Mediterranean peoples in transition. Thirteenth to early tenth centuries BCE, 17-65.

Raaflaub, K. 2006. Historical approaches to Homer. In S. Deger-Jalkotzy and I. Lemos (eds) Ancient Greece: from the Mycenaean palaces to the Age of Homer. (Edinburgh Leventis Studies 3). Edinburgh:449-62.

Routledge, B. and K. McGeough. 2009. Just what collapsed? A network perspective on 'palatial' and 'private' trade at Ugarit. In C. Bachhuber and R.G. Roberts (eds) Forces of Transformation. The end of the Bronze Age in the Mediterranean. Oxford:22-29.

Rutter, J.B. 1992. Cultural novelties in the post-palatial Aegean world: indices of vitality or decline?. In W.A. Ward and M.S. Joukowsky (eds) The Crisis Years: The 12th Century BC From Beyond the Danube to the Tigris, 61-78.

Schwartz, G. and J. Nichols (eds) 2006. After Collapse: The Regeneration of Complex Societies. Shear, I.M. 2004. Kingship in the Mycenaean world and its reflection in the oral tradition.

Philadelphia. Sherratt, S. 1990. ‘”Reading the texts’’: archaeology and the Homeric question’, Antiquity 64:807-24. Sherratt, S. 1994. ‘Commerce, iron and ideology: metallurgical innovation in 12th- 11th century

Cyprus’. In V. Karageorghis (ed.) Proceedings of the International Symposium: Cyprus in the 11th Century BC, 59-106.

Sherratt, S. 2000. ‘Circulation of metals and the end of the Bronze Age in the eastern Mediterranean’. In C. Pare (ed.) Metals Make the World Go Round: The Supply and Circulation of Metals in Bronze Age Europe, 82-98.

Sherratt, S. 2003. ‘The Mediterranean economy: ‘globalization’ at the end of the second millennium B.C.E.’ in W. Dever and S. Gitin (eds) Symbiosis, symbolism and the power of the past. Winona Lake:37-62.

Sherratt, S. 2010. The Trojan war: history or bricolage? BICS 53:1-18. Sherratt, S. 2013. The Ceramic Phenomenon of the 'Sea Peoples': An Overview. In, A. Killebrew and

G. Lehmann (eds). The Philistines and Other "Sea Peoples" in Text and Archaeology, Archaeology and Biblical Studies 15, Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature:619-44.

Sherratt, S. and J. Bennet (eds) 2016 Archaeology and Homeric Epic. Oxford: Oxbow. Sherratt, S. and A. Sherratt 1993. ‘The growth of the Mediterranean economy in the early first

millennium BC’, World Archaeology 24:361-78. Silberman, N. 1998. The Sea Peoples, the Victorians, and Us: Modern Social Ideology and Changing

Archaeological Interpretations of the Late Bronze Age Collapse. In S. Gitin, A. Mazar and E. Stern (eds) Mediterranean Peoples in Transition: Thirteenth to Early Tenth Centuries BCE. In Honor of Professor Trude Dothan. Jerusalem:268-75.

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Small, D. 1998. Surviving the Collapse: The Oikos and Structural Continuity between Late Bronze Age and Later Greece. In, S. Gitin, A. Mazar and E. Stern (eds.) Mediterranean Peoples in Transition: Thirteenth to Early Tenth Centuries BCE. In Honor of Professor Trude Dothan. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society:283-91.

Voskos, I and B. Knap. 2008. Cyprus at the end of the Late Bronze Age: crisis and colonization or continuity and hybridization? AJA 112:659-84.

Ward, W.A. and M.S. Joukowsky (eds) The Crisis Years: The 12th Century B.C. From Beyond the Danube to the Tigris.

Yasur-Landau, A. 2010. The Philistines and Aegean Migration at the End of the Late Bronze Age. Yoffee, N. and G.L. Cowgill (eds) 1988. The Collapse of Ancient States and Civilizations. 4. On-line and other resources Course administration Further important information relating to all courses at the Institute of Archaeology is to be found on the Institute website and in your degree handbook. It is your responsibility to read and if relevant act on it. On-line support The on-line Moodle site for this course (accessed as ARCLG195) will eventually have the course handbook, the Powerpoints used in the seminars, Powerpoints used in the past in parallel undergraduate lectures, which assemble a wide range of relevant images, and pdfs of less readily accessible essential readings. Please use normal e-mail, not via Moodle, for communication with the Course Co-ordinator. Intercollegiate students should contact the Academic Administrator (Judy Medrington <j.medrington@ucl.ac.uk>; room 411a) to be registered for a college IS username and password to be able to access on-line resources. Information for intercollegiate and interdepartmental students Students enrolled in Departments outside the Institute should collect hard copy of the Institute’s coursework guidelines from the office of the Academic Administrator (Judy Medrington) 411a. General resources The following information can help you to become familiar with the scope of the subject and some of the questions and sites that we shall be exploring, and help you explore more widely in the field. Aegean space, time, context and approaches The societies of the Aegean have deep roots in earlier developments, in the local Neolithic. They also developed within a wider network of societies around the eastern Mediterranean, interacting with societies in coastal western Turkey in the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age, and more distant East Mediterranean societies form the end of the Early Bronze Age, from ca. 2100 BC. The following readings can provide some background to these processes, define the geographical and temporal scope of the course, and clarify terminological and chronological issues. Sources and frameworks Shelmerdine, C. 2008. Background, sources and methods. In, C. Shelmerdine (ed.) The Cambridge

Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age, 1-18. Dickinson, O. 1994. The Aegean Bronze Age, Chapter 1 ‘Terminology and chronology’, and Chapter 2

‘The natural environment and resources’, 1-22. Bennet, J. 2007. The Aegean Bronze Age. In, W. Scheidel, I. Morris and R. Saller (eds) The Cambridge

Economic History of the Greco-Roman World, 175-210. Galanakis, Y. 2013. The Aegean World: A Guide to the Cycladic, Minoan and Mycenaean Antiquities in

the Ashmolean Museum. Oxford and Athens: Ashmolean Museum and Kapon Editions.

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Chronology For anyone unfamiliar with dating techniques, C. Renfrew and P. Bahn’s textbook Archaeology: Theories, Methods and Practice has a good summary of key principles. Maning, S. 2010. Chronology and terminology. In, E. Cline (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Aegean

Bronze Age (ca. 3000-1000 BC). Oxford: Oxford University Press:11-28. Renfrew, C. 1973. Before Civilization: The Radiocarbon Revolution and Prehistoric Europe. London. Warren, P. and V. Hankey 1989. Aegean Bronze Age Chronology. Bristol. Warren, P. 2006. The date of the Thera eruption in relation to Aegean-Egyptian interconnections and

the Egyptian historical chronology. In, E. Czerny et al. (eds) Timelines. Studies in Honour of Manfred Bietak, Vol. 2. Leuven:305-21.

Wiener, M. 2007. Times change: the current state of the debate in Old World chronology. In, M. Bietak and E. Czerny (eds) The Synchronisation of Civilisations in the eastern Mediterranean in the Second Millennium B.C. II. Vienna:25-47.

Kitchen, K. 2007. Egyptian and related chronologies - look, no science, no pots! In, M. Bietak and E. Czerny (eds) The Synchronisation of Civilisations in the eastern Mediterranean in the Second Millennium B.C. II. Vienna:163-71.

Manning, S. 2007. Clarifying the 'high', v. 'low' Aegean/Cypriot chronology for the mid second millennium BC: assessing the evidence, interpretive frameworks, and current state of the debate. In, M. Bietak and E. Czerny (eds) The Synchronisation of Civilisations in the eastern Mediterranean in the Second Millennium B.C. II. Vienna:101-37.

Environment and ecology Barker, G. 2005. Agriculture, pastoralism, and Mediterranean landscapes in prehistory. In, E. Blake

and A.B. Knapp (eds) The Archaeology of Mediterranean Prehistory. Malden:46-76. Bintliff, J. 2012. Chapter 1: The dynamic land. In, J. Bintliff, The Complete Archaeology of Greece.

From hunter-gatherers to the 20th century. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell:11-27. Braudel, F. 1972. The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II, Part I.

(Much later period but Braudel’s pioneering consideration of topography, environment and ecology remains of seminal importance.)

Dickinson, O. 1994. The Aegean Bronze Age, Chapter 2 ‘The natural environment and resources’, 23-29.

Forbes, H. 1992. The ethnoarchaeological approach to Greek agriculture. In, B. Wells (ed.) Agriculture in Ancient Greece:87-104.

Forbes, H. 2007. Meaning and Identity in a Greek Landscape: an archaeological ethnography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Grove, A.T. and O. Rackham 2001. The Nature of Mediterranean Europe: An Ecological History. (Chapters 1-6, 9-11.)

Halstead, P. 1987. Traditional and ancient rural economy in Mediterranean Europe: plus ça change? Journal of Hellenic Studies 107:77-87.

Halstead, P. 1994. The north-south divide: regional paths to complexity in prehistoric Greece. In, C. Mathers and S. Stoddart (eds) Development and Decline in the Mediterranean Bronze Age. Sheffield:195-219.

Halstead, P. 2004. Life after Mediterranean polyculture: the subsistence subsystem and the emergence of civilization revisited. In, J. Barrett and P. Halstead (eds) The Emergence of Civilisation Revisited. (Sheffield Studies in Aegean Archaeology) Oxford:189-206.

Halstead, P. 2014. Two Oxen Ahead: pre-mechanised farming in the Mediterranean. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell.

Halstead, P. and C. Frederick 2000. Landscape and Land Use in Postglacial Greece. (Sheffield Studies in Aegean Archaeology) Sheffield.

Higgins, M. and R. Higgins 1996. A Geological Companion to Greece and the Aegean. Horden, P. and N. Purcell 2000. The Corrupting Sea: A Study in Mediterranean History. (Especially

chapters VI, and III-V.)

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Horden, P. and S. Kinoshita (eds) 2014. A companion to Mediterranean history. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell.

Osborne, R.G. 1987. Classical Landscape with Figures: The Ancient Greek City and its Countryside. (Chapters 2-3: later date, but many factors still apply.)

Rackham, O. and J. Moody 1996. The Making of the Cretan Landscape. Sallares, R. 2007. Ecology. In, W. Scheidel, I. Morris and R. Saller (eds) The Cambridge Economic

History of the Greco-Roman World, 15-37. Walsh, K. 2014. The Archaeology of Mediterranean landscapes. Human-environment interaction from

the Neolithic to the Roman perod. Cambridge; CUP. Some wider perspectives and contemporary developments Broodbank, C. 2008. The Mediterranean and its hinterland. In, B. Cunliffe, C. Gosden and R. Joyce

(eds) The Oxford Handbook of Archaeology, 677-722. Broodbank, Cyprian. 2014. ”Mediterranean ‘Prehistory. In, P. Horden and S. Kinoshita (eds). A

Companion to Mediterranean History. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell: 45-58. Broodbank, C. 2013. The Making of the Middle Sea. London: Thames and Hudson. Knapp,A.B. and P. Van Dommelen (eds.) The Cambridge Prehistory of the Bronze and Iron Age

Mediterranean. Cambridge: CUP. Fokkens, H. and A. Harding. (eds.) 2013. The Oxford Handbook of the European Bronze Age. Oxford:

Oxford University Press. Harding, A. 2000. European Societies in the Bronze Age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Liverani, M. 2014. The Ancient Near East. History, society and economy. Abingdon: Routledge. Van de Mieroop, M. 2007 A History of the Ancient Near East ca. 3000-323 BC. Oxford: Blackwell. Van de Mieroop, M. 2007. The Eastern Mediterranean in the Age of Ramesses II. Oxfrod: Blackwell. Byrce, T. 2005. The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Byrce, T. 2002. Life and Society in the Hittite World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bryce, T. 2005. The Trojans and Their Neighbours. London: Routledge. Bryce, T. 2014. Ancient Syria: a three thousand year history. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Sherratt, A. 1993. What would a Bronze Age world-system look like? Relations between temperate

Europe and the Mediterranean in late prehistory. Journal of European Archaeology 1.2:1-58. Sherratt, A.1995. Reviving the grand narrative: archaeology and long-term change. Journal of

European Archaeology 3: 1-32. Contextualising the study of Aegean prehistory Barrett, J. and Halstead, P. (eds) 2004. The Emergence of Civilisation Revisited. Oxford. Cherry, J.F., D. Margomenou and L. Talalay (eds) 2005. Prehistorians Round the Pond: Reflections on

Aegean Prehistory as a Discipline. Darcque, P., Fotiadis, M, and O. Polychronopoulou (eds) 2006. Mythos. La préhistoire égéene du XIXe

au XXIe siècle après J.-C. (Bulletin de Correspondance Hellenique Supplement 46.) Athens. Fitton, J.L. 1995. The Discovery of the Greek Bronze Age. [DAE 100 FIT] Gere, C. 2009. Knossos and the prophets of modernism. Chicago. Hamilakis, Y. 2002. What future for the ‘Minoan’ past? Rethinking Minoan archaeology. In, Y.

Hamilakis (ed.) Labyrinth Revisited. Rethinking ‘Minoan’ archaeology. Oxford: Oxbow Books:2-28. Hamilakis, Y. 2007. The nation and its ruins: antiquity, archaeology, and national imagination in

Greece. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hamilakis, Y. and N. Momigliano (eds) 2006. Archaeology and European Modernity. Producing and

consuming the Minoans. (Creta Antica 7.) Padua. Kardulias, P.N. 1994. Paradigms of the past in Greek Archaeology. In, P.N. Kardulias (ed.) Beyond the

Site: Regional Studies in the Aegean Area:1-23. Kotsakis, K. 1991. The powerful past: theoretical trends in Greek archaeology. In, I. Hodder (ed.)

Archaeological Theory in Europe: The Last Three Decades:65-90. MacEnroe, J. 1995. Sir Arthur Evans and Edwardian archaeology. Classical Bulletin 71:3-18. McDonald, W.A. and C. Thomas 1990. Progress into the Past: The Rediscovery of Mycenaean

Civilization. (2nd edition.) [DAG 100 MAC]

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McNeal, R.A. 1972. The Greeks in history and prehistory. Antiquity 46:19-28. McNeal, R.A. 1973. The legacy of Arthur Evans. California Studies in Classical Antiquity 6:205-20. Momigliano, N. and A. Farnoux (eds) 2016. Cretomania. Modern desires for the Minoan past. Morris, I. 2000. Archaeology as Cultural History: Chapter 2, 37-76. Morris, S.P. 1990. Greece and the East. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 3:57-66. Papadopoulos, J. 2005. Inventing the Minoans: archaeology, modernity and the quest for European

identity. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 18:87-149. Renfrew, A.C. 1980. The great tradition versus the great divide: archaeology as anthropology?

American Journal of Archaeology 84:287-98. Tartaron, T. 2008. Aegean prehistory as world archaeology: recent trends in the archaeology of Bronze

Age Greece. Journal of Archaeological Research 16:83-161. Introductory volumes: Warren, P.M. 1989. The Aegean Civilisations (revised edition; short book-length introduction). Issue

desk WAR; DAG 10 Qto WAR; YATES Qto A 22 WAR Dickinson, O.T.P.K. 1994. The Aegean Bronze Age (long the standard textbook, organised by themes

rather than periods). IoA Issue Desk DIC; DAE 100 DIC. Fitton, J.L. 2002. Minoans. London: British Museum. DAG 14 FIT. Bennet, J. 2014. A Short History of the Minoans. London: I.B. Tauris On order. Schofield, L. 2007. The Mycenaeans. London: British Museum. DAE 100 SCH. Runnels, C. and P. Murray. 2001. Greece Before History: An Archaeological Companion and Guide.

[DAE 100 RUN] Bintliff, J.L. 2012. The Complete Archaeology of Greece. From hunter-gatherers to the 20th century

A.D. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. DAE 100 BIN. An overview of the broader chrconological context. Short surveys of the field Bennet, J. 2007. ‘The Aegean Bronze Age.’ in W. Scheidel, I. Morris and R. Saller (eds) The Cambridge

Economic History of the Greco-Roman World:175-210. [TC 3635; Main ANCIENT HISTORY M 64 SCH]

Tartaron, T. 2008. ‘Aegean prehistory as world archaeology: recent trends in the archaeology of Bronze Age Greece.’ Journal of Archaeological Research 16: 83-161. [INST ARCH Pers; <www>]

Surveys of Aegean art, related material and sites Betancourt, P. 2007. Introduction to Aegean Art. [DAG 300 BET] Buchholz, H.-G. and V. Karageorghis 1973. Prehistoric Greece and Cyprus: An Archaeological

Handbook. [DAG 100 BUC] Doumas, C. 1992. The Wall Paintings of Thera. [ISSUE DESK IoA THE] Higgins, R. 1997. Minoan and Mycenaean Art. [YATES A 22 HIG] Krzyszkowska, O. 2005. Aegean Seals: An Introduction. [ISSUE DESK IoA KRZ; INST ARCH KG KRZ]] Marinatos, S. and M. Hirmer 1960. Crete and Mycenae. [DAG 100 Qto MAR] McEnroe, John C. 2010. Architecture of Minoan Crete: Constructing Identity in the Aegean Bronze

Age. Austin: University of Texas Press. [INST ARCH DAG 14 Qto MCE] Myers, J.W., E.E. Myers and G. Cadogan 1992. The Aerial Atlas of Ancient Crete. [DAG 14 Qto MYE;

YATES Qto E 10 MYE] Poursat, Jean-Claude. 2008. L'art égéen,. Volume 1: Grèce, Cyclades, Crète jusqu'au milieu du IIe

millénaire av. J.-C. Les manuels d'art d'archéologie antiques Paris: Picard. [INST ARCH DAG 100 Qto POU]

Preziosi, D. and L.A. Hitchcock 1999. Aegean Art and Architecture. [DAG 100 PRE] Pottery handbooks Betancourt, P. 1985. The History of Minoan Pottery. [DAG 14 BET; YATES Qtos P 20 BET] Momigliano, N. (ed.) 2007. Knossos Pottery Handbook. Neolithic and Bronze Age (Minoan). [DAG 14

Qto MOM]

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Macdonald, C. and C. Knappett (eds.) Intermezzo: intermediacy and regeneration in Middle Minoan III palatial Crete. Athens: British School at Athens. [INST ARCH DAG 14 Qto MAC]

Brogan, T. and E. Hallager (eds.) 2011. LMIB pottery: relative chronology and regional differences. Athens: Danish Institute at Athens. [INST ARCH DAG 14 BRO]

Hallager, E. and B. Hallager (eds.) 1997. Late Minoan III pottery: chronology and terminology. Athens: Danish Institute at Athens. [YATES Qto P 20 HAL]

Mountjoy, P.-A. 1999. Regional Mycenaean Decorated Pottery. Rahden: Marie Leidorf. [INST ARCH DAE Qto MOU]

Mountjoy, P.-A. 1993. Mycenaean Pottery: an introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Committee for Archaeology. [INST ARCH DAG 300 MOU]

Mountjoy, P.-A. 1986. Mycenaean Decorated Pottery: a guide to identification. Goteborg: Astroms Forlag. [INST ARCH DAG Qto Series STU 73]

The following UK museums have major holdings of prehistoric Aegean material: • British Museum: the Aegean gallery to the left of the main entrance, past the shop and coat check. • Ashmolean Museum, Oxford: excellent collections, based on Arthur Evans' personal collection,

recently re-displayed. • Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge: more modest but useful if you are in the area. • In addition, there is a small collection of material held within the Institute, some on display in the

Leventis Gallery on the ground floor. Additional resources on the prehistoric Aegean The American Journal of Archaeology published seven reviews of Aegean prehistory, region-by-region. These are excellent sources of information and have been brought together and importantly, each up-dated with an addendum. In T. Cullen (ed.) 2001 Aegean Prehistory: A Review (American Journal of Archaeology Supplement 1) [ISSUE DESK CUL 4; DAG 100 CUL]. The original individual reviews are listed below, and can be accessed in the journal [STORES], or via e-journal. Davis, J.L. 1992. ‘Review of Aegean Prehistory I: The islands of the Aegean.’ American Journal of

Archaeology 96:699-756. Rutter, J.B. 1993. ‘Review of Aegean Prehistory II: The prepalatial Bronze Age of the southern and

central Greek mainland.’ American Journal of Archaeology 97:745-97. Watrous, L.V. 1994. ‘Review of Aegean Prehistory III: Crete from earliest prehistory through the

Protopalatial period.’ American Journal of Archaeology 98:695-753. Runnels, C. 1995. ‘Review of Aegean Prehistory IV: The Stone Age of Greece from the Palaeolithic to

the advent of the Neolithic.’ American Journal of Archaeology 99:699-728. Andreou, S., M. Fotiadis and K. Kotsakis 1996. ‘Review of Aegean Prehistory V: The Neolithic and

Bronze Age of Northern Greece.’ American Journal of Archaeology 100:537-97. Shelmerdine, C.W. 1997. ‘Review of Aegean Prehistory VI: The palatial Bronze Age of the southern

and central Greek mainland.’ American Journal of Archaeology 101:537-85. Rehak, P. and J.G. Younger 1998. ‘Review of Aegean Prehistory VII: Neopalatial, Final Palatial, and

Postpalatial Crete.’ American Journal of Archaeology 102:91-173.

Overall bibliographies with topic-oriented subdivisions Dickinson, O.T.P.K. 1994. The Aegean Bronze Age. ISSUE DESK DIC; DAE 100 DIC. Feuer, B. 2004. Mycenaean Civilization: A Research Guide (Second edition.) INST ARCH DAE 100 FEU.

Nestor, produced by the Department of Classics at Cincinnati, is a monthly list of publications in Aegean prehistory and related areas. It is available as an extremely useful on-line searchable cumulative index (see below) for 1956-. The issues from 2009 can be down-loaded from: <http://classics.uc.edu/nestor/index.php/issues>.

Site gazetteers

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Hope Simpson, R. and O.T.P.K. Dickinson 1979. A Gazetteer of Aegean Civilisation in the Bronze Age: Volume 1, The Mainland and Islands. DAG Qto STU 52.

Myers, J.W., E.E. Myers and G. Cadogan 1992. The Aerial Atlas of Ancient Crete. DAG 14 Qto MYE; YATES Qto E 10 MYE.

Simantoni-Bourina, E and L. Mendoni 1999. Archaeological Atlas of the Aegean: From Prehistory to Late Antiquity. DAG 100 DOU.

Bibliographies for many sites may be chased through the now dated but still useful volumes produced by Noyes Press: Leekley, D. and Noyes, R. 1976. Archaeological Excavations in Southern Greece. DAE 10 LEE Leekley, D. and Noyes, R. 1976. Archaeological Excavations in the Greek Islands. DAE 10 LEE Leekley, D. and Efstratiou, N. 1976. Archaeological Excavations in Central and Northern Greece. DAE

10 LEE Reports on recent archaeological work Archaeological Reports INST ARCH Pers and <http://uk.jstor.org/journals/05706084.html> and the ‘Chronique des Fouilles’ included in the Bulletin de correspondance héllenique summarise work in Greece each year. Inst Arch Periodicals and, for BCH: <http://www.efa.gr/> follow links to CEFAEL and BCH; Archaeological Reports was published, until ca. 1955, as ‘Archaeology in Greece.’ in the Journal of Hellenic Studies Main CLASSICS Periodicals and <http://uk.jstor.org/journals/00754269.html>. Both institutions now jointly produce Archaeology in Greece Online: < http://chronique.efa.gr/?cat_id=27>. Series Several conference or monograph series focus on Aegean prehistory. The Swedish Institute at Athens organised thematic conferences, many on prehistoric themes, most edited by Robin Hägg and co-editors. These were superseded by the biennial conferences organised by Robert Laffineur and colleagues, and published in the series Aegaeum; other conferences and monographs are also published in this series. Pdfs of chapters from out of press volumes re available from the Aegeaeum web-site < http://www2.ulg.ac.be/archgrec/publications.html>. For two decades, an excellent series of thematic volumes have come out of an annual Round Table at Sheffield University. A series of conferences have been organised around the site of Akrotiri on Thera, and its interconnections with the rest of the Aegean. Finally, the Mycenaean Seminar of the University of London has run an annual series of lectures for 60 years; abstracts appear in the Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies <www>. In addition to the Aegaeum series, many Aegean prehistory volumes have been published as Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology (SIMA) or SIMA-Pocket Books, or over the last four decades by British Archaeological Reports (BAR). Monograph series have been established by various institutions and journals, such as the Institute for Aegean Prehistory (INSTAP: most available via JSTOR from Explore entry, or < http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/publisher/instappress>), the British School at Athens (Studies and Supplementary Volumes < http://www.jstor.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/publisher/bsa>), the Archaeological Society of Athens, Hesperia (Supplements), and Bulletin de correspondance héllenique (Supplements). Most are indexed and shelved in the Institute library individually as books. Electronic journals Most of the journals from which readings have been prioritised, are available in the library of the Institute. For most only the last 10-20 years are on the shelves; earlier volumes can be requested from store, on-line through UCL Explore. The location of holdings for each journal can be ascertained using Explore. Journals which have articles on the reading lists are generally available on-line, which you will have access to (sometimes excluding the last 2-5 years) if you locate them via the UCL library web-site and your UCL account. The most recent issues (not available on-line for some journals) are held physically in the library.

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Websites and other internet resources An increasing number of resources are available on the web, but should be used with caution; many are enthusiasts’ sites with holiday snaps, and some are worse; note that there is no vetting system on the web (unlike academic publications). You should be extremely cautious about relying on information from web-sites, and should not, normally, use them as citation sources for your essays. If you feel information from a website is essential and you cannot track it back to an original printed source, ask the Course Co-ordinator whether it is reputable, before relying on it it. Many current field projects maintain their own websites, which may provide more up-to-date information than has appeared in print. These can be found by Googling the site name (beware of alternative spellings, particularly transliterations of Greek names). Many museums are increasingly putting images and details of their holdings on the web - search for the specific museum’s web-site to see what is available. General sites with useful links are: Aegean Prehistory: lots of relevant links: <http://www.geocities.com/andreavi/frame.htm> Mediterranean Archaeology Resources: useful set of links to journals and organisations <http://www.geocities.com/i_georganas/main.html> Internet Resources for Classics: <http://www.sms.org/mdl-indx/internet.htm> Hellenic Ministry of Culture: <http://www.culture.gr/> links for individual sites and museums. Nestor: <http://classics.uc.edu/nestor/>. Home site, with links < http://classics.uc.edu/nestor/index.php/links> and bibliographic database search < http://classics.uc.edu/nestor/index.php/nestorbib>. Classics and Mediterranean Archaeology: <http://classics.lsa.umich.edu/welcome.html>. American School of Classical Studies: <http://www.ascsa.edu.gr/> with links to projects <http://www.ascsa.edu.gr/Excavations/Exc_links.htm>. Perseus: <http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/> a Classics teaching resource; maps and images. INSTAP East Crete Study Centre: <http://www2.forthnet.gr/instapec/>. Metis: < http://www.stoa.org/metis/> interactive panoramic views of sites. On-line course: Jeremy Rutter has introductory material by topic for his Dartmouth College undergraduate course available at: <http://projectsx.dartmouth.edu/history/bronze_age/>. Each lesson/topic has attached a useful bibliography and range of images. The Nestor website has a search facility < http://classics.uc.edu/nestor/index.php/nestorbib> which can be extremely useful for finding references for Aegean publications from 1956-2008; it is not comprehensive, but is strong for the English language literature, and can be searched by author, title words, journal, book title or year. It adds 500-800 publications per year. Recent issues can be down-loaded from: <http://classics.uc.edu/nestor/index.php/issues>. Studies in Mycenaean Inscriptions and Dialect: A collection of resources on Aegean scripts: <http://paspserver.class.utexas.edu/> External seminars and lectures A wide range of lectures and seminars takes place in the Institute, or at venues nearby in Bloomsbury (e.g. Institute of Classical Studies, School of Oriental and African Studies, British Museum). Approximately monthly within the academic teaching year, the Mycenaean Seminar takes place in the Institute of Classical Studies. These are held in Senate House South Block ground floor G22/26 at 3:30 unless otherwise stated. The schedule for the rest of this year is:

17 January Barbara Horejs (Vienna) Proto-urbanisation, rising elites

and the role of metallurgy in the Early Bronze Age Aegean-Anatolian world(s)

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21 February Brendan Burke (Victoria) Bryan Burns (Wellesley)

Mycenaean Eleon in Eastern Boeotia: from the Shaft Grave Era through the Post-Palatial Period

21 March Luca Girella (Rome) On the side of Rhadamanthus: Phaistos and its region at the beginning of the Neopalatial period.

16 May Kostas Paschalidis (Athens) Shaft Grave IV in Grave Circle A. New and unexpected light in a very old story

5. Additional information Libraries In addition to the Library of the Institute of Archaeology, other libraries in UCL with holdings of particular relevance to this degree are the UCL Main Library (specifically in Ancient History, Classics or Philology) and the DMS Watson Science Library. It is also worth obtaining access to the library of the Institute of Classical Studies (ICS) in Senate House in Malet Street, a 5-minute walk away. Collect a registration form from the ICS Library’s front desk and bring it to the Course Co-ordinator for signing, by which he vouches for the reader’s good conduct. Information for intercollegiate and interdepartmental students Intercollegiate students should contact the Academic Administrator (Judy Medrington <j.medrington@ucl.ac.uk>; room 411a) to be registered for a college IS username and password to be able to access on-line resources. Students enrolled in Departments outside the Institute should collect hard copy of the Institute’s coursework guidelines from the office of the Academic Administrator (Judy Medrington) 411a. Feedback In trying to make this degree as effective as possible, we welcome feedback during the course of the year. Students will be asked to fill-in Progress Forms at the end of each term, which the Degree Co-ordinator will discuss with them. These forms include space for comment on each of their courses.

At the end of each course all students are asked to give their views on the course in an anonymous questionnaire, which will be distributed at one of the last sessions of the course. These questionnaires are taken seriously and help the Course Co-ordinator to develop the course. The summarised responses are considered by the Course Co-ordinator, Degree Co-ordinator, the Institute’s Staff-Student Consultative Committee, Teaching Committee, and by the Faculty Teaching Committee.

If students are concerned about any aspect of a specific course, we hope they will feel able to talk to the relevant Course Co-ordinator, but if they feel this is not appropriate or have more general concerns, they should consult their Degree Co-ordinator, the MA Degree Co-ordinator (Kevin Macdonald or Sirio Cannos Donnay) or the Graduate Tutor (Ulrike Sommer). They may also consult the Academic Administrator (Judy Medrington), the Chair of Teaching Committee (Bill Sillar), or the Director (Sue Hamilton).

Tutor The Course Co-ordinator is Todd Whitelaw (room 207; 020 7679 7534; t.whitelaw@ucl.ac.uk; e-mail for appointment). He prefers to be contacted by e-mail, NOT by telephone except in emergencies (he is in only some days and will be out of his office much of those days). Please use normal e-mail, not via Moodle.

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APPENDIX: POLICIES AND PROCEDURES 2017-18 (PLEASE READ CAREFULLY) This appendix provides a short précis of policies and procedures relating to courses. It is not a substitute for the full documentation, with which all students should become familiar. For full information on Institute policies and procedures, see the IoA Student Administration section of Moodle: https://moodle.ucl.ac.uk/course/view.php?id=40867 For UCL policies and procedures, see the Academic Regulations and the UCL Academic Manual: http://www.ucl.ac.uk/srs/academic-regulations ; http://www.ucl.ac.uk/academic-manual/ GENERAL MATTERS ATTENDANCE: A minimum attendance of 70% is required. A register will be taken at each class. If you are unable to attend a class, please notify the lecturer by email. DYSLEXIA: If you have dyslexia or any other disability, please discuss with your lecturers whether there is any way in which they can help you. Students with dyslexia should indicate it on each coursework cover sheet. COURSEWORK LATE SUBMISSION: Late submission will be penalized in accordance with current UCL regulations, unless formal permission for late submission has been granted. The UCL penalties are as follows:

The marks for coursework received up to two working days after the published date and time will incur a 10 percentage point deduction in marks (but no lower than the pass mark).

The marks for coursework received more than two working days and up to five working days after the published date and time will receive no more than the pass mark (40% for UG modules, 50% for PGT modules).

Work submitted more than five working days after the published date and time, but before the second week of the third term will receive a mark of zero but will be considered complete.

GRANTING OF EXTENSIONS: Please note that there are strict UCL-wide regulations with regard to the granting of extensions for coursework. You are reminded that Course Coordinators are not permitted to grant extensions. All requests for extensions must be submitted on a the appropriate UCL form, together with supporting documentation, via Judy Medrington’s office and will then be referred on for consideration. Please be aware that the grounds that are acceptable are limited. Those with long-term difficulties should contact UCL Student Disability Services to make special arrangements. Please see the IoA website for further information. Additional information is given here: http://www.ucl.ac.uk/srs/academic-manual/c4/extenuating-circumstances/

RETURN OF COURSEWORK AND RESUBMISSION: You should receive your marked coursework within one month of the submission deadline. If you do not receive your work within this period, or a written explanation, notify the Academic Administrator. When your marked essay is returned to you, return it to the Course Co-ordinator within two weeks. You must retain a copy of all coursework submitted. CITING OF SOURCES and AVOIDING PLAGIARISM: Coursework must be expressed in your own words, citing the exact source (author, date and page number; website address if applicable) of any ideas, information, diagrams, etc., that are taken from the work of others. This applies to all media (books, articles, websites, images, figures, etc.). Any direct quotations from the work of others must be indicated as such by being placed between quotation marks. Plagiarism is a very serious irregularity, which can carry heavy penalties. It is your responsibility to abide by requirements for presentation, referencing and avoidance of plagiarism. Make sure you understand definitions of plagiarism and the procedures and penalties as detailed in UCL regulations: http://www.ucl.ac.uk/current-students/guidelines/plagiarism RESOURCES MOODLE: Please ensure you are signed up to the course on Moodle. For help with Moodle, please contact Charlotte Frearson (c.frearson@ucl.ac.uk).