art 448 geminiano vs ca

4
Today is Sunday, June 21, 2015 Republic of the Philippines SUPREME COURT Manila THIRD DIVISION G.R. No. 120303 July 24, 1996 FEDERICO GEMINIANO, MARIA GEMINIANO, ERNESTO GEMINIANO, ASUNCION GEMINIANO, LARRY GEMINIANO and MARLYN GEMINIANO, petitioners, vs. COURT OF APPEALS, DOMINADOR NICOLAS, and MARY A. NICOLAS, respondents. DAVIDE, JR. J.:p This petition for review on certiorari has its origins in Civil Case No. 9214 of Branch 3 of the Municipal Trial Court in Cities (MTCC) in Dagupan City for unlawful detainer and damages. The petitioners ask the Court to set aside the decision of the Court of Appeals affirming the decision of Branch 40 of the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Dagupan City, which, in turn, reversed the MTCC; ordered the petitioners to reimburse the private respondents the value of the house in question and other improvements; and allowed the latter to retain the premises until reimbursement was made. It appears that Lot No. 3765B1 containing an area of 314 square meters was originally owned by the petitioners' mother, Paulina Amado vda. de Geminiano. On a 12squaremeter portion of that lot stood the petitioners' unfinished bungalow, which the petitioners sold in November 1978 to the private respondents for the sum of P6,000.00, with an alleged promise to sell to the latter that portion of the lot occupied by the house. Subsequently, the petitioners' mother executed a contract of lease over a 126 squaremeter portion of the lot, including that portion on which the house stood, in favor of the private respondents for P40.00 per month for a period of seven years commencing on 15 November 1978. 1 The private respondents then introduced additional improvements and registered the house in their names. After the expiration of the lease contract in November 1985, however, the petitioners' mother refused to accept the monthly rentals. It turned out that the lot in question was the subject of a suit, which resulted in its acquisition by one Maria Lee in 1972. In 1982, Lee sold the lot to Lily Salcedo, who in turn sold it in 1984 to the spouses Agustin and Ester Dionisio. On 14 February 1992, the Dionisio spouses executed a Deed of Quitclaim over the said property in favor of the petitioners. 2 As such, the lot was registered in the latter's name. 3 On 9 February 1993, the petitioners sent, via registered mail, a letters addressed to private respondent Mary Nicolas demanding that she vacate the premises and pay the rentals in arrears within twenty days from notice. 4 Upon failure of the private respondents to heed the demand, the petitioners filed with the MTCC of Dagupan City a complaint for unlawful detainer and damages. During the pretrial conference, the parties agreed to confine the issues to: (1) whether there was an implied renewal of the lease which expired in November 1985; (2) whether the lessees were builders in good faith and entitled to reimbursement of the value of the house and improvements; and (3) the value of the house. The parties then submitted their respective position papers and the case was heard under the Rule on Summary Procedure. On the first issue, the court held that since the petitioners' mother was no longer the owner of the lot in

Upload: aleine-leilanie-oro

Post on 06-Nov-2015

10 views

Category:

Documents


4 download

DESCRIPTION

Property

TRANSCRIPT

  • 6/21/2015 G.R.No.120303

    http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1996/jul1996/gr_120303_1996.html 1/4

    TodayisSunday,June21,2015

    RepublicofthePhilippinesSUPREMECOURT

    Manila

    THIRDDIVISION

    G.R.No.120303July24,1996

    FEDERICO GEMINIANO, MARIA GEMINIANO, ERNESTO GEMINIANO, ASUNCION GEMINIANO, LARRYGEMINIANOandMARLYNGEMINIANO,petitioners,vs.COURTOFAPPEALS,DOMINADORNICOLAS,andMARYA.NICOLAS,respondents.

    DAVIDE,JR.J.:p

    ThispetitionforreviewoncertiorarihasitsoriginsinCivilCaseNo.9214ofBranch3oftheMunicipalTrialCourtinCities(MTCC)inDagupanCityforunlawfuldetaineranddamages.ThepetitionersasktheCourttosetasidethedecisionoftheCourtofAppealsaffirmingthedecisionofBranch40oftheRegionalTrialCourt(RTC)ofDagupanCity,which,inturn,reversedtheMTCCorderedthepetitionerstoreimbursetheprivaterespondentsthevalueofthehouseinquestionandotherimprovementsandallowedthelattertoretainthepremisesuntilreimbursementwasmade.

    It appears that LotNo. 3765B1 containing an area of 314 squaremeterswas originally owned by thepetitioners'mother,PaulinaAmadovda.deGeminiano.Ona12squaremeterportionofthatlotstoodthepetitioners'unfinishedbungalow,which thepetitionerssold inNovember1978 to theprivate respondentsforthesumofP6,000.00,withanallegedpromisetoselltothelatterthatportionofthelotoccupiedbythehouse.Subsequently,thepetitioners'motherexecutedacontractofleaseovera126squaremeterportionof the lot, including thatportiononwhich thehousestood, in favorof theprivaterespondents forP40.00permonth foraperiodofsevenyearscommencingon15November1978.1 The private respondents thenintroducedadditionalimprovementsandregisteredthehouseintheirnames.AftertheexpirationoftheleasecontractinNovember1985,however,thepetitioners'motherrefusedtoacceptthemonthlyrentals.

    Itturnedoutthatthelotinquestionwasthesubjectofasuit,whichresultedinitsacquisitionbyoneMariaLeein1972.In1982,LeesoldthelottoLilySalcedo,whointurnsolditin1984tothespousesAgustinandEsterDionisio.

    On14February1992,theDionisiospousesexecutedaDeedofQuitclaimoverthesaidpropertyinfavorofthepetitioners.2Assuch,thelotwasregisteredinthelatter'sname.3

    On9February 1993, thepetitioners sent,via registeredmail, a letters addressed to private respondentMaryNicolasdemanding thatshevacate thepremisesandpay the rentals inarrearswithin twentydaysfromnotice.4

    Upon failure of the private respondents to heed the demand, the petitioners filed with the MTCC ofDagupanCityacomplaintforunlawfuldetaineranddamages.

    During the pretrial conference, the parties agreed to confine the issues to: (1) whether there was animplied renewal of the leasewhichexpired inNovember 1985 (2)whether the lesseeswerebuilders ingoodfaithandentitledtoreimbursementofthevalueofthehouseandimprovementsand(3)thevalueofthehouse.

    The parties then submitted their respective position papers and the casewas heard under theRule onSummaryProcedure.

    On the first issue, thecourtheld that since thepetitioners'motherwasno longer theownerof the lot in

  • 6/21/2015 G.R.No.120303

    http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1996/jul1996/gr_120303_1996.html 2/4

    questionat the time the lease contractwasexecuted in1978, in viewof its acquisitionbyMariaLeeasearlyas1972,therewasnoleasetospeakof,muchless,arenewalthereof.Andeveniftheleaselegallyexisted,itsimpliedrenewalwasnotfortheperiodstipulatedintheoriginalcontract,butonlyonamonthtomonthbasispursuanttoArticle1687oftheCivilCode.Therefusalofthepetitioners'mothertoaccepttherentalsstartingJanuary1986wasthenaclear indicationofherdesiretoterminatethemonthly lease.Asregard the petitioners' alleged failed promise to sell to the private respondents the lot occupied by thehouse, the court held that such should be litigated in a proper case before the proper forum, not anejectmentcasewheretheonlyissuewasphysicalpossessionoftheproperty.

    Thecourt resolved thesecond issue in thenegative,holding thatArticles448and546of theCivilCode,whichallowpossessors ingood faith to recover thevalueof improvementsand retain thepremisesuntilreimbursed, did not apply to lessees like the private respondents, because the latter knew that theiroccupationofthepremiseswouldcontinueonlyduringthelifeofthelease.Besides,therightsoftheprivaterespondentswerespecificallygovernedbyArticle1678,whichallowreimbursementofuptoonehalfofthevalueoftheusefulimprovements,orremovaloftheimprovementsshouldthelessorrefusetoreimburse.

    Onthethirdissue,thecourtdeemedasconclusivetheprivaterespondents'allegationthatthevalueofthehouseandimprovementswasP180,000.00,therebeingnocontrovertingevidencepresented.

    Thetrialcourt thusorderedtheprivaterespondentstovacatethepremises,paythepetitionersP40.00amonthasreasonablecompensationfortheirstaythereonfromthefilingofthecomplainton14April1993untiltheyvacated,andtopaythesumofP1,000.00asattorney'sfees,pluscosts.5

    On appeal by the private respondents, theRTC ofDagupanCity reversed the trial court's decision andrenderedanewjudgment:(1)orderingthepetitionerstoreimbursetheprivaterespondentsforthevalueofthehouseandimprovementsintheamountofP180,000.00andtopaythelatterP10,000.00asattorney'sfees and P2,000.00 as litigation expenses and (2) allowing the private respondents to remain inpossessionofthepremisesuntil theywerefullyreimbursedforthevalueofthehouse.6 It ruled that sincetheprivate respondentswereassuredby thepetitioners that the lot they leasedwouldeventuallybesold to them,theycouldbeconsideredbuilders ingood faith,andassuch,wereentitled to reimbursedof thevalueof thehouseandimprovementswiththerightofretentionuntilreimbursementandhadbeenmade.

    Onappeal,thistimebythepetitioners,theCourtofAppealsaffirmedthedecisionoftheRTC7anddenied8thepetitioners'motionforreconsideration.Hence,thepresentpetition.

    TheCourtisconfrontedwiththeissueofwhichprovisionoflawgovernsthecaseatbench:Article448orArticle1678oftheCivilCode?Thesaidarticlesreadasfollows:

    Art448.Theownerofthelandonwhichanythinghasbeenbuilt,sownorplantedingoodfaith,shallhavetherighttoappropriateashisowntheworks,sowingorplanting,afterpaymentoftheindemnityprovidedforinarticles546and548,ortoobligetheonewhobuiltorplantedtopaythepriceoftheland,andtheonewhosowed,theproperrent.However,thebuilderorplantercannotbeobligedtobuythelandifitsvalueisconsiderablymorethanthatofthebuildingortrees.Insuchcase,heshallpay reasonable rent, if theownerof the landdoesnotchoose toappropriate thebuildingor treesafter proper indemnity. The parties shall agree upon the terms of the lease and in case ifdisagreement,thecourtshallfixthetermsthereof.

    xxxxxxxxx

    Art1678. If the lesseemakes, ingood faith,useful improvementswhicharesuitable to theuse forwhichtheleaseisintended,withoutalteringtheformorsubstanceofthepropertyleased,thelessorupontheterminationoftheleaseshallpaythelesseeonehalfofthevalueoftheimprovementsatthat time. Should the lessor refuse to reimburse said amount, the lessee may remover theimprovements,even though theprincipal thingmaysufferdamage thereby.Heshallnot,however,causeanymoreimpairmentuponthepropertyleasedthanisnecessary.

    Withregardtoornamentalexpenses,thelesseeshallnotbeentitledtoanyreimbursed,buthemayremovetheornamentalobjects,providednodamageiscausedtotheprincipalthing,andthelessordoesnotchoosetoretainthembypayingtheirvalueatthetimetheleaseisextinguished.

    The crux of the said issue then is whether the private respondents are builder in good faith or merelessees.

    Theprivaterespondentsclaimtheyarebuilders ingoodfaith,hence,Article448of theCivilCodeshouldapply.Theyrelyonthelackoftitleofthepetitioners'motheratthetimeoftheexecutionofthecontractoflease,aswellastheallegedassurancemadebythepetitionersthatthelotonwhichthehousestoodwouldbesoldtothem.

  • 6/21/2015 G.R.No.120303

    http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1996/jul1996/gr_120303_1996.html 3/4

    Ithasbeensaidthatwhiletherighttoletpropertyisanincidentoftitleandpossession,apersonmaybelessorandoccupythepositionofalandlordtothetenantalthoughheisnottheownerofthepremiseslet.9Afterall,ownershipofthepropertyisnotbeingtransferred,10onlythetemporaryuseandenjoymentthereof.11

    In thiscase,bothpartiesadmit that the land inquestionwasoriginallyownedby thepetitioners'mother.ThelandwasallegedlyacquiredlaterbyoneMariaLeebyvirtueofanextrajudicialforeclosureofmortage.Lee, however, never sought a writ of possession in order that she gain possession of the property inquestion.12Thepetitioners'motherthereforeremainedinpossessionofthelot.

    Itisundisputedthattheprivaterespondentscameintopossessionof126squaremeterportionofthesaidlotbyvirtueofcontractofleaseexecutedbythepetitioners'motheraslessor,andtheprivaterespondentsaslessees,isthereforewellestablished,andcarrieswithitarecognitionofthelessor'stitle.13Theprivaterespondents,as lesseeswhohadundisturbedpossession for theentire termunder the lease,are thenestopped todeny their landlord's title,or toassertabetter titlenotonly in themselves,butalso insomethirdpersonwhile theyremain inpossessionof the leasedpremisesanduntil theysurrenderpossession to the landlord.14 This estoppelapplieseventhoughthelessorhadnotitleatthetimetherelationoflessorandlesseewascreated,15andmaybeassertednotonlybytheoriginallessor,butalsobythosewhosucceedtohistitle.16

    Beingmere lessees, theprivate respondents knew that their occupationof thepremiseswould continueonlyforthelifeofthelease.Plainly,theycannotbeconsideredaspossessorsnorbuildersingoodfaith.17

    Inaplethoraofcases,18 thisCourt has held thatArticle 448 of theCivilCode, in relation toArticle 546 of thesame Code, which allows full reimbursement of useful improvements and retention of the premises untilreimbursementismade,appliesonlytoapossessoringoodfaith,i.e.,onewhobuildsonlandwiththebeliefthatheistheownerthereof.Itdoesnotapplywhereone'sonlyinterestisthatofalesseeunderarentalcontractotherwise,itwouldalwaysbeinthepowerofthetenantto"improve"hislandlordoutofhisproperty.

    Anenttheallegedpromiseofthepetitionerstosellthelotoccupiedbytheprivaterespondents'house,thesame was not substantiated by convincing evidence. Neither the deed of sale over the house nor thecontractofleasecontainedanoptioninfavoroftherespondentspousestopurchasethesaidlot.Andevenifthepetitionersindeedpromisedtosell,itwouldnotmaketheprivaterespondentspossessorsorbuildersingoodfaithsoastocoveredbytheprovisionofArticle448oftheCivilCode.Thelattercannotraisethemere expectancy or ownership of the aforementioned lot because the alleged promise to sell was notfulfillednoritsexistenceevenproven.Thefirstthingthattheprivaterespondentsshouldhavedonewastoreducetheallegedpromiseintowriting,becauseunderArticle1403oftheCivilCode,anagreementforthesaleofrealpropertyoraninterestthereinisunenforceable,unlesssomenoteormemorandumthereofbeproduced.Nothavingtakenanystepsinorderthattheallegedpromisetosellmaybeenforced,theprivaterespondentscannotbankonthepromiseandprofessanyclaimnorcoloroftitleoverthelotinquestion.

    ThereisnoneedtoapplybyanalogytheprovisionsofArticle448onindemnityaswasdoneinPecsonvs.CourtofAppeals,19 because the situation sought to be avoided and which would justify the application of thatprovision,isnotpresentinthiscase.Sufficeittosay,"astateofforcedcoownership"wouldnotbecreatedbetweenthepetitionersand theprivate respondents.For,ascorrectlypointedoutby thepetitioners, the rightof theprivaterespondentsaslesseesaregovernedbyArticle1678oftheCivilCodewhichallowsreimbursementtotheextentofonehalfofthevalueoftheusefulimprovements.

    Itmustbestressed,however,thattherighttoindemnityunderArticle1678oftheCivilCodearisesonlyifthelessoroptstoappropriatetheimprovements.Sincethepetitionersrefusedtoexercisethatoption,20theprivaterespondentscannotcompelthemtoreimbursetheonehalfvalueofthehouseandimprovements.Neithercanthey retain the premises until reimbursement is made. The private respondents' sole right then is to remove theimprovementswithoutcausinganymoreimpairmentuponthepropertyleasedthanisnecessary.21

    WHEREFORE, judgment ishereby renderedGRANTING the instantpetition,REVERSINGandSETTINGASIDE the decision of the Court of Appeals of 27 January 1995 in CAG.R. SP No. 34337 andREINSTATINGthedecisionofBranch3oftheMunicipalTrialCourtinCitiesofDagupanCityinCivilCaseNo.9214entitled"FedericoGeminiano,etal.vs.DominadorNicolas,etal."

    Costagainsttheprivaterespondents.

    SOORDERED.

    Narvasa,C.J.,Melo,FranciscoandPanganiban,JJ.,concur.

    Footnotes

    1Rollo,CAGR.SPNo.34337(CARollo),26.

  • 6/21/2015 G.R.No.120303

    http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1996/jul1996/gr_120303_1996.html 4/4

    2Id.,25.

    3Id.,24.

    4

    5CARollo,37PerJudgeEmilioV.Angeles.

    6Id.,20.PerJudgeDeodoroJ.Sison.

    7Annex"A"ofPetitionRollo,15.PerLuna,A.,J.,withBarcelona,R.,andJacinto,G.,JJ.,concurring.

    8Annex"B,"Id.Id.,28.

    949AmJur2d,LandlordandTenants,12,55.

    10EDGARDOL.PARAS,CivilCodeofthePhilippines,vol.V[1986],258.

    11Jovellanosvs.CourtofAppeals,210SCRA126,132[1992].

    12Jovenvs.CourtofAppeals,212SCRA700,708[1992].

    1349AmJur,op.cit.,120,150.

    14 2(b), Rules of Court Borre vs. Court of Appeals, 158 SCRA 560, 566 [1988] Manuel vs. Court ofAppeals,199SCRA603,607[1991]Munarvs.CourtofAppeals,238SCRA372,380[1994]49AmJur,op.cit.,129,158.

    15Manuelvs.CourtofAppeals,supranote14,at60760849AmJur,op.cit.129,158.

    1649AmJur,op.cit.,122,152.

    17Racazavs.SusanaRealty,Inc.,18SCRA1172[1966]Vda.deBacalingvs.Laguna,54SCRA243,250[1973]Santosvs.CourtofAppeals,221SCRA42,46[1993].

    18Alburovs.Villanueva,7Phil.277,280[1907](referringtotheprovisionsoftheOldCivilCode)Racazavs.SusanaRealty,Inc.supranote17,at11771178Bulacanagvs.Francisco,122SCRA498,502[1983]Gabritovs.CourtofAppeals,167SCRA771,778779[1988]Cabangisvs.CourtofAppeals,200SCRA414,419421[1991]HeirsofthelateJaimeBinuyavs.CourtofAppeals,211SCRA761,766[1992].

    19244SCRA407[1995].

    20CARollo,15.

    21HeirsofthelateJaimeBinuyavs.CourtofAppeals,supranote18,at768.

    TheLawphilProjectArellanoLawFoundation