art history survey: 17th century art in europe
DESCRIPTION
A brief introduction to the Baroque and early classicizing styles of art in Italy, Spain, northern Europe, and France during the 1600s.TRANSCRIPT
17TH CENTURY ART IN EUROPET, R, 12-1:20PM
Professor Paige Prater
What IS Baroque?
STYLE featuring:
DramaIntensity of emotion
Extreme skillNaturalism
“If it’s not Baroque, don’t fix it.” - Cogsworth
Baroque in Europe
France: resurgence of classicism Monarchy Counter-Reformation Netherlands: portraiture, still life,
landscape, and genre
Counter-Reformation
• St. Ignatius of Loyola – Society of Jesus• Counter-Reformation• Art as propaganda• Art as reinvigorator of belief/practice• Spiritual ecstasy
Sculpture: Bernini
St. Teresa of Avila in Ecstasy, Cornaro Chapel, Church of Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome. 1645-1652. Marble, 11’ 6”.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKcJvjP9zgY&index=8&list=PLB56EEA2DAB1F1CD6
St. Peter’s Basilica & Piazza, Vatican, Rome
Pope Paul V Borghese (pontificate 1605-1621)Longitudinal nave and new facade
Gianlorenzo Bernini
(1598-1680)
Baldacchino, St. Peter’s Basilica, Vatican, Rome. 1624-1633. Gilt bronze, 100’.
• Cathedra Petri, 1657-1666, gilt bronze, marble, stucco, and glass.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YmzkN4iqvuk&list=PLB56EEA2DAB1F1CD6&index=5
Bernini
David. 1623, Marble, 5’ 7”, Galleria Borghese, Rome.
Bernini
Apollo & Daphne, 1622-1625, marble
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e3RSRrUL1Os&index=6&list=PLB56EEA2DAB1F1CD6
Galleria Borghese Backyard
Painting: Carracci Brothers
Bolognese painter, Annibale Carracci, Ceiling of Gallery, Palazzo Farnese, Rome. 1597-1601.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DR9ad67Ftv0&list=PLB56EEA2DAB1F1CD6&index=17
Caravaggio
Bacchus, 1595-1596. Oil on canvas, 37” x 33.5”, Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence.
Caravaggio
The Conversion of St. Paul, Cerasi Chapel, Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome, c. 1601. Oil on canvas, 7’ 6” x 5’ 8”
Caravaggio
Caravaggio, The Calling of St. Matthew, Contarelli Chapel, church of San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome. 1599-1600. Oil on canvas, 10’ 7.5” x 11’ 2”.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SZF5K8epWko&index=11&list=PLB56EEA2DAB1F1CD6
Artemisia Gentileschi
Judith Beheading Holofernes, c. 1619-20. Oil on canvas, 6’ 63/8” x 5’ 4”, Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence.
Giovanni Battista Gaulli
Worked for Bernini, who worshiped at Il Gesu
Illusionistic Baroque ceiling
The Triumph of the Name of Jesus and Fall of the Damned, Vault of the church of Il Gesu, Rome, 1672-1685. Fresco with stucco figures
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aj2el_owSg4&list=PLB56EEA2DAB1F1CD6&index=24
Spain: Juan Sánchez Cotán
Still Life with Quince, Cabbage, Melon, and Cucumber, c. 1602. Oil on canvas, 27 1/8” x 33 ¼”. San Diego Museum of Art.
Diego Velázquez
Water Carrier of Seville, c. 1619. Oil on canvas, 41 ½” x 31 ½” . Victoria and Albert Museum, London.
Diego Velázquez
The Surrender at Breda (The Lances), 1634-1635. Oil on canvas, 10’7/8” x 12’ ½”. Museo del Prado, Madrid.
Diego Velázquez
Las Meninas, 1656. Oil on canvas, 10’ 5” x 9’ ½”. Museo del Prado, Madrid.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IiTtGENiVOA&list=PLB56EEA2DAB1F1CD6&index=39
Flanders: Peter Paul Rubens
Self-Portrait with Isabella Brandt, 1609-1610. Oil on canvas, 5’ 9” x 4’ 5”. Alte Pinakothek, Munich.
Peter Paul Rubens
The Raising of the Cross, 1610-1611. Oil on panel, center panel 15’ 1 7/8”x 11’ ½”. Each wing 15’ 1 7/8” x 4’ 11”. Now in Cathedral of Our Lady, Antwerp.
Peter Paul Rubens
The Consequences of War, 1638-1639. Oil on canvas, Palatine Gallery, Palazzo Pitti, Florence.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K9iMsmhBOjk&list=PLB56EEA2DAB1F1CD6&index=26
Peter Paul Rubens
Henry IV Receiving the Portrait of Marie de’ Medici, 1621-1625. Oil on canvas, 12’ 11 1/8” x 9’ 8 1/8”. Musée du Louvre, Paris
Genre Painting: Still Life
Clara Peeters, Still Life with Flowers, Goblet, Dried Fruit, and Pretzels, 1611. Oil on panel, 20 ½” x 28 ¾” Museo del Prado, Madrid.
Genre Painting: Portraits
Joos van Craesbeeck, The Smoker, 17th century, oil on canvas, Musée du Louvre, Paris.
Genre Painting: Portraits
Frans Hals, Malle Babbe, c. 1630-1633. Oil on canvas, 30 7/8” x 26”. Staatliche Museen, Berlin.
Genre Painting: Group Portrait
Frans Hals, Officers of the Haarlem Militia Company of St. Adrian, c. 1627. Oil on canvas, 6’ x 8’ 8”. Frans Halsmuseum, Haarlem.
Genre Painting: Self-Portrait
Judith Leyster, Self-Portrait, 1635. Oil on canvas, 29 3/8” x 25 5/8”. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xt2M4HTw29A&list=PLB56EEA2DAB1F1CD6&index=48
Rembrandt van Rijn: Self-Portrait (1658)
Oil on canvas, 52 5/8” x 40 7/8”. The Frick Collection, New York.
Rembrandt van Rijn
The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp, 1632. Oil on canvas, 5’ 3 ¾” x 7’ 1 ¼”. Mauritshuis, The Hague.
The Baroque: Rubens vs. Rembrandt
The Baroque: Rubens vs. Rembrandthttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p4HzOuVQgU4&index=2&list=PLB56EEA2DAB1F1CD6
Landscape Painting: Johannes Vermeer
View of Delft, 1662. Oil on canvas, 38 ½” x 46 ¼” Royal Picture Gallery, Mauritshuis, The Hague.
Landscape Painting
Jacob van Ruisdael, View of Haarlem from the Dunes at Overveen, c. 1670. Oil on canvas, 22” x 24 ¼”. Royal Picture Gallery, Mauritshuis, The Hague.
Science• Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
England• Rene Descartes (1596-
1650) France• Logic and scrupulous
objectivity• Johannes Kepler (1571-
1630) -planets rotate in elliptical orbits around sun
• SMALL to VAST studies of space
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) Dutch lens maker; inventor of the microscope “wee beasties”
Anna Maria Sibylla Merian, Coral Tree and Eye Spinner, 1719, 11.8” x 15.7”
Rachel Ruysch, Flower Still Life
(after 1700)
Oil on canvas, 30” x 24”. The Toledo Museum of Art, Ohio.
France
Foreign and civil wars King Henry IV assassinated in 1610; Marie
de’ Medici (queen) rules as regent until 1617 1635: Cardinal Richelieu founds the French
Royal Academy 1648: Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture
Louis XIII dies; 5 year old Louis the XIV (le Roi Soleil) ruled in 1661 after death of Cardinal Mazarin
Louis XIV, ABSOLUTE MONARCH: longest reign in Europe
The Sun King: Louis XIV
Hyacinthe Rigaud, Louis XIV, 1701. Oil on canvas, 9’ 2” x 7’ 10 ¾”, Musée du Louvre, Paris
Versaille
Hall of Mirrors, begun 1678, approximately 240’
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=852eroBwDrA
Gardens of Versaille
Bird’s Eye View of the Gardens of Versaille, 19th century.
Nicolas Poussin
Landscape with St. John on Patmos, 1640. Oil on canvas, 39 ½” x 53 5/8”. The Art Institute of Chicago.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ba_EFdOjtok&index=29&list=PLB56EEA2DAB1F1CD6