as european history – course outline as unit one option e: the expansion and challenge of...
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As European History – Course Outline
AS Unit One Option E: The Expansion and challenge of
Nationalism.
Introduction to the course
What is unity?
What is nationalism?
How did Italy unify?
How did Germany unify?
Review of course & exam preparation
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Dear Santa, Can I have….
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What does it mean to be united?
Objectives To investigate the concept of unityTo agree definition of unityTo share and give reasoned arguments
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What is Nationalism?
Objectives To agree a definition of NationalismTo research present and past examples of NationalismTo give short presentation on findings
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What makes a nation?
In pairs –List 5 things we would mention when describing Britain to other people
List 5 things that makes Britain different to other countries
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The Unification of ItalyTopic Outline
Italy Pre 1848
The impact of the 1848 Revolutions
The role of Piedmont & Cavour 1848-61
The role of Louis-Napoleon
The role of Garibaldi
Unification completed & the role of foreign intervention
Italy post 1870
Review of topic
Areas of Debate
What were the obstacles to unification & how were they overcome
Why did Italy unite in 1870 & not 1848?
Did Italy unite herself?
Importance of the role of individuals
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The Unification of Italy
Italy Pre 1848Topic Outline
What was the make up of Italy in 1815
What were the main obstacles to unification
Why did the Revolutions of 1820 & 30 fail
Where did the growth of opposition come from
What was the influence of Mazzini before 1848 (Ideas)
Assessment‘Mazzini was only a dreamer and propagandist. He failed to contribute anything of substance to the Risorgimento’How far do you agree with this judgment?
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What were the obstacles to unification?
Objectives To understand the make up of the geographical area of ‘Italy’To investigate obstacles to unification To evaluate the found obstacles To come to a judgement on the possible way forward for ‘Italy’
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What obstacles have we found to unifying
Italy so far
Complete this single bubble
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Baseline Assessment
To what extent was Austria the biggest obstacle to unification in 1815?
Structure1)Introduction Introduce the debate in the question, include one specific example2) Explain why Austria was such a big obstacle3) Explain what other obstacles there were4) Conclusion – make sure you answer the question
Word limit 500Complete a pre-submission sheet
Why did the Revolutions of 1820 & 1830 fail?
Objectives To investigate reasons for the failure of the early revolutionsTo look for similarities and differences in the failuresTo come to a judgement on the possible way forward for ‘Italy’
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Why did the 1820 &
1830 Revolution
s fail?
Complete this single bubble
Which way forward – The Risorgimento
Objectives To recap on the reasons for the failure of the early RevolutionsTo investigate options for Italy to move forwardTo start to see the role of the papacy in Italian affairs.
Vincenzo Gioberti
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1) From 1789 to 1815 Italy was governed by Napoleon until he was finally defeated and exiled to St Helena. During his reign he separated Italy into first four states thin in 1810 he made Italy into three states. After Napoleon’s defeat the Congress of Vienna met to discuss who would now govern Italy which would be Austria.
2) The Risorgimento, despite the failures of the revolutions of 1820 and 1830, was what the Italians believed led to the formation of a united Italy. They thought of unification as the final stage of their gradual evolution as a nation.
3) Giuseppe Mazzini was born in 1805 in Genoa in Italy. In 1815, French rule in Italy ended and was replaced by that of Austria. Austria had a much stronger empire compared to the separate Italian states and this became an important factor in later years when several attempts to revolt against Austria by separate Italian states failed.
What is the exam question?
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What was the contribution made by Mazzini pre 1848? (Ideas)
Objectives To understand the role played by Mazzini pre 1848To evaluate the role played by Mazzini in order to come to a judgement’
Mazzini
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What was the contribution made by Mazzini pre 1848? (Ideas)
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‘Mazzini was only a dreamer and propagandist. He failed to contribute anything of substance to the Risorgimento’How far do you agree with this judgment?
In your groups find evidence to plan your essay, you need three pieces of evidence for each side of the debate.
The Unification of Italy
The Impact of the 1848 Revolutions Topic Outline
Why were Italian nationalists optimistic in 1848
The importance of the Rome Republic
Why did the revolutions fail?
Which way forward now?
Assessment‘The failures of the 1848-9 revolutions in Italy were the result of political and social conflict amongst the revolutionaries themselves rather than international hostility’Assess the validity of this view
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Why were Italian Nationalists optimistic in 1848?
Objectives To investigate reasons for optimism in 1848 To find examples of forward looking from Piedmont and the PopeTo place the Revolutions into the back drop of economic hardship
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Where and with what aim were there revolts in Italy in 1848?
Objectives To investigate which states rose in revolt in 1848 To investigate aims of these revoltsTo look for ‘common cause’ in the revolts To compare with 1820/30 Revolts
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Where and with what aim were there revolts in Italy in 1848?
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Where Aim In common with
Failed?(leave for now)
What was the importance of the Rome Republic?
Objectives To investigate the workings of the Rome Republic To add to the role of MazziniTo reflect on obstacles the Rome republic has started to remove
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What was the importance of the Rome Republic?As a table decide –
Did the actions surrounding the Rome Republic mean that unification was closer or further away
Prepare to feedback to the class
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Why did the 1848 Revolutions fail?
Objectives To investigate the reasons for failure of the 1848 Revolutions, To understand the progress made in removing the obstacles to unification To predict the next move necessary for unification
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Compare and contrast the failures in 1820/30 and the failures in 1848
Failure in
1820/30
Failure in 1848
1848 Revolutions- A Review?
Objectives To review the failures of 1848To review the obstacles to unification To prepare assessment
Assessment‘The failures of the 1848-9 revolutions in Italy were the result of political and social conflict amongst the revolutionaries themselves rather than international hostility’Assess the validity of this view
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Multi-Flow Map!
Major Event
Root Causes
Causes
Effect
Cause and Effect: The major function is to show causes- which can be sorted by root , immediate, proximal or long term causes- and their effects in relation to a major event; can be indefinitely expanded to include multiple cases.
The Failure of the 1848 Revolutions
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1848 Revolutions- A Review?
Reflecting on the 1848 revolutions
What three pieces of advice would you give Italian nationalists to help them take the next step towards a unified Italy?
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The Unification of Italy
The role of Piedmont & Cavour 1848-61Topic Outline
Why did Piedmont get involved in the Crimea?
How successful was the War of 1859?
Review the role of Cavour
Assessment‘Cavour should be regarded as the architect of Italian Unification’ How far do you agree with this judgement?
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Why did Italian Nationalists look to Piedmont?
Objectives To understand reasons why Piedmont became the focus for unification at this point To begin to find evidence of the role of Cavour’s diplomacyTo understand how Piedmont manoeuvred themselves into a position to take on Austria
Cavour
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The Unification of Italy
The role of Piedmont & Cavour 1848-61Why did Piedmont get involved in the Crimean War?
What was the aim behind Cavour’s involvement in the War?
Answer question 2
Cavour was successful in this aim. Do you agree?
find evidence for and against
In pairs decide if you agree?
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1848 RevolutionsAssessment
‘The failures of the 1848-9 revolutions in Italy were the result of political and social conflict amongst the revolutionaries themselves rather than international hostility’Assess the validity of this view
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Feature of a focused essay DoneHighlight Key words in the question Key words appear in every paragraph Each paragraph has a clear signpost linking it explicitly to the question
Introduction has one specific example Conclusion starts with In conclusion Conclusion has clear judgement related to specific focus see below, e.g. I agree/disagree… To large/small extent…
Used the exact words in the question The question has not been changed in anyway Essay has been read through and checked for AccuracySpellingGrammar
The Unification of Italy
The role of Piedmont & Cavour 1848-61If you wanted to have a fight with
someone!
What factors would you want to choose or be able to manipulate to give yourself the best chance of winning a fight before
it starts?
As a table come up with three
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The Unification of Italy
The role of Piedmont & Cavour 1848-61How was Piedmont able to launch a war against Austria?
What factors can you find that mean Piedmont thinks it may be more successful this time
How much of this is down to the work of Cavour?
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Reflect - In what ways would a war against
Austria bring unification closer?
How did the War of 1859 bring unification closer?
Objectives To investigate the gains made in the 1859 warTo judge these gains against the move to unification To evaluate the ongoing obstacles to unification
Piedmonts' Soldiers
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How did the War of 1859 bring unification closer?
Evaluate the level of effort of Piedmont in the warWhat does this tell us about the nationalist cause in Italy at the time?
Evaluate the level of success in the war
Answer question at the top of the slideComplete prep sheet for next lesson
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Examples of success Examples of failure
Kingdom of Naples and Sicily
The Papal States
Lombardy & Venetia
Tuscany
Modena
Parma
Piedmont -Sardinia
Italy in 1859
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Kingdom of Naples and Sicily
The Papal States
Venetia, still Austrian
Kingdom of Northern Italy
Italy in 1860
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Multi-Flow Map!
Major Event
Root Causes
Causes
Effect
Cause and Effect: The major function is to show causes- which can be sorted by root , immediate, proximal or long term causes- and their effects in relation to a major event; can be indefinitely expanded to include multiple cases.
The1859 War
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Was Cavour the champion of Unification? (Diplomacy)
Objectives To understand the role played by Cavour in the unification of ItalyTo evaluate the importance of Cavour’s contribution To answer the above question
Cavour
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Complete the following sentenceItaly could not unite itself because……..
Complete the following sentenceLouis-Napoleon was vital to unification because……
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Who is more important?
The man who calls the firemen
Or
The firemen who put out the fire
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The Unification of Italy
The role of Louis-Napoleon Topic Outline
Why did France intervene in Italy?
How did France aid the unification of Italy?
How did France hinder the unification of Italy?
Review the role played by Louis-Napoleon in the unification of Italy?
How united was Italy in 1861?
Assessment‘Louis-Napoleon was vital to unification’ How far do you agree with this judgement?
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How vital was the role played by Louis-Napoleon in the unification
of Italy? (Force)
Louis-Napoleon
Objectives To understand why Louis-Napoleon got involved in the unification of Italy To understand the ways Louis-Napoleon aided unification in 1859
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Did Louis-Napoleon help or hinder the unification of Italy? (Force)
Louis-Napoleon
Objectives To investigate the ways Louis-Napoleon hindered unification To come to a conclusion on the role of Louis-Napoleon in the unification of ItalyTo compare the importance of Cavour and Louis-Napoleon in 1859
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Italy in 1861
Using your notes fill in the blank map – How united is Italy in 1861?www.historytl.com
Objectives To understand the progress made towards unificationTo review the obstacles still outstanding To suggest the next step
Italian flag 1861-1945
How far was Italy united by 1861?
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Multi-Flow Map!
Major Event
Root Causes
Causes
Effect
Cause and Effect: The major function is to show causes- which can be sorted by root , immediate, proximal or long term causes- and their effects in relation to a major event; can be indefinitely expanded to include multiple cases.
The 1859 war with Austria
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The Unification of Italy
The role of GaribaldiTopic Outline
Garibaldi – the early years
Garibaldi’s role in the Rome Republic
Garibaldi & The Thousand
Attempts on Rome
Review the role of Garibaldi
Assessment‘An effective leader of the Italian Unification’ or ‘a reckless man of action’Which is the more valid judgement on Garibaldi’s role in the diplomatic and political developments in Italy in the years 1848 to 187o?
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How vital was the role played by Garibaldi in the unification of Italy?
(Romantic hero)
Objectives To gain an understanding of the character of GaribaldiTo investigate his contribution pre 1860 (Romantic hero)To investigate his contribution post 1860 (unites the south) To answer the above questionwww.historytl.com
How vital was the role played by Garibaldi in the unification of Italy?
(Romantic hero)
Objectives To prepare short presentationTo prepare short hand outTo make a judgement on the role of Garibaldi
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Pear Apple orange Banana
Andrew Darina Reece Leigh
James G Matthew G Shannah Dillon
Matthew F Adam Mark James S
How vital was the role played by Garibaldi in the unification of Italy?
(Romantic hero)
Objectives To give presentationsTo come to a judgement on the role of GaribaldiTo plan assessment
Assessment‘An effective leader of the Italian Unification’ or ‘a reckless man of action’Which is the more valid judgement on Garibaldi’s role in the diplomatic and political developments in Italy in the years 1848 to 187o?
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Who played the most vital role ?Cavour (the north) or Garibaldi
(the south)Objectives To compare the roles played by Cavour & GaribaldiTo evaluate these rolesTo come to a judgement on the above question
V
Assessment
How far do you agree with the judgement that it was Cavour’s diplomacy rather than Garibaldi’s ideas and actions which made the greater contribution to Italian Unification
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Double Bubble! To look for similarities and differences
Garibaldi
Hungry
Cavour
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The Unification of Italy
The Unification completed & the role of foreign interventionTopic Outline
The role of Prussia
Unification completed
The role of other powers, eg Britain
Review of foreign intervention
Assessment‘Foreign intervention hindered rather than helped the cause of Italian unification in the years 1848 to 1870’How far do you agree with this judgement?
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Unification completed
Role of PrussiaObjectives To understand what is left to unite (Papal States)To understand the role of PrussiaTo review the removal of France as an ‘obstacle’
The Vatican
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Unification completed
The role of the Great Powers Objectives To review the roles played in unification by France, Austria & PrussiaTo investigate the roles played by Britain & RussiaTo plan and answer assessment
‘Foreign intervention hindered rather than helped the cause of Italian unification in the years 1848 to 1870’How far do you agree with this judgement?
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The Role of Victor
Emmanuel
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How did Victor Emmanuel contribute to the Unification of Italy?
The Unification of Italy
Italy Post 1870Topic Outline
To investigate the Idea that Italy was just expanded Piedmont
Divisions within Italy
To evaluate the extent at which Italy is united in 1871
AssessmentTo what extent were the weaknesses of Italy in 1871 the result of economic and cultural divisions rather than opposition to Piedmont’s dominant position?
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Review
How United was Italy in 1870?Objectives To investigate the level of unity in 1870 To find examples for and against the argument Italy was unified To come to a judgement on the level of unity
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Review
Who united Italy?Objectives To review the roles played by different people in the unification of ItalyTo come to a judgement on the relative importance of these rolesTo agree this as a class
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Brace Map
The Unification of Italy
The Unification of Italy
Vital Factors
Feed into the Vital Factors
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Review
Who united Italy?Objectives To experience exam timesTo complete answer in time allowedTo evaluate experience You have forty
minutes – chose wisely
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Review - Revision
How United was Italy in 1870?To review all areas of debate Complete timed past exam questions
Areas of Debate
What were the obstacles to unification & how were they overcome
Why did Italy unite in 1870 & not 1848?
Did Italy unite herself?
Importance of individualswww.historytl.com
Review
Who stays – You Decide
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