assessment of different chemical compounds for …apvi.org.au › solar-research-conference ›...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Assessment of different chemical compounds for …apvi.org.au › solar-research-conference › wp-content › uploads › ...2019/06/05 · Xinyi Zhang Dr Jose Bilbao Renewable Energy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081406/5f1005467e708231d4470c40/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
School of Photovoltaics and Renewable Energy Engineering
Xinyi ZhangDr Jose BilbaoRenewable Energy Systems & Policy Group – UNSW Sydney
Assessment of different chemical
compounds for EVA delamination
![Page 2: Assessment of different chemical compounds for …apvi.org.au › solar-research-conference › wp-content › uploads › ...2019/06/05 · Xinyi Zhang Dr Jose Bilbao Renewable Energy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081406/5f1005467e708231d4470c40/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Background - The Growing PV Capacity
2
International Energyy Agency (IEA) (2018) Snapshot of Global Photovoltaic Markets
Total Installed Capacity
![Page 3: Assessment of different chemical compounds for …apvi.org.au › solar-research-conference › wp-content › uploads › ...2019/06/05 · Xinyi Zhang Dr Jose Bilbao Renewable Energy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081406/5f1005467e708231d4470c40/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Background – PV recycling technology generation
Generation 1
• Down-cycling: recycling PV module using mechanical process (similar to WEEE recycling
process).
Generation 2
• Hybrid down-cycling & up-cycling: delamination of PV modules for recover whole piece of glass,
other contents goes to mechanical process (e.g. WEEE recycling process)
Generation 3
• Up-cycling: recover all the valuable components of a PV module for their direct reuse or
recycling
3
![Page 4: Assessment of different chemical compounds for …apvi.org.au › solar-research-conference › wp-content › uploads › ...2019/06/05 · Xinyi Zhang Dr Jose Bilbao Renewable Energy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081406/5f1005467e708231d4470c40/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
General Generation 3 Recycling Process
4
![Page 5: Assessment of different chemical compounds for …apvi.org.au › solar-research-conference › wp-content › uploads › ...2019/06/05 · Xinyi Zhang Dr Jose Bilbao Renewable Energy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081406/5f1005467e708231d4470c40/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Delamination – Removal of EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate)
Chemical treatment – chemical solvents
5
![Page 6: Assessment of different chemical compounds for …apvi.org.au › solar-research-conference › wp-content › uploads › ...2019/06/05 · Xinyi Zhang Dr Jose Bilbao Renewable Energy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081406/5f1005467e708231d4470c40/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Chemical structure of EVA
Atomic structure of EVA before and after lamination
6
![Page 7: Assessment of different chemical compounds for …apvi.org.au › solar-research-conference › wp-content › uploads › ...2019/06/05 · Xinyi Zhang Dr Jose Bilbao Renewable Energy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081406/5f1005467e708231d4470c40/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Experiment – Organic/inorganic solvents
7
WeightofEVA
(g)
Solvent
Concentration
Volumeofsolvent
(ml)
Period
(hours)
g X1 1,2-Dichlorobenzene 0.0385 99% 10 3
ml T Toluene 0.0985 99% 10 3
hours C CholineChloride 0.1015 70% 10 3
X2 NaOH 0.1131 70% 10 3
X3 KOH 0.0881 70% 10 3
Solvents
Hydrophilic-Polar Hydrophobic-Non-polar
Acetone Lacquerthinner
Ethanol Toluene
Isopropanol Petroleumbenzine
MethylethylKetone 1,2-Dichlorobenzene
MethylisobutylKetone Tetrahydrofuran
Ethyleneglycol Trichloroethylene
Doi, T. et al. (2001) ‘Experimental study on PV module recycling with organic solvent method’
![Page 8: Assessment of different chemical compounds for …apvi.org.au › solar-research-conference › wp-content › uploads › ...2019/06/05 · Xinyi Zhang Dr Jose Bilbao Renewable Energy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081406/5f1005467e708231d4470c40/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Results
8
1,2-Dichlorobenzene:
Swelling +
degradation
Toluene:
Swelling
Non-organic solvents:
No reaction
NaOH KOH
air sensitivity
![Page 9: Assessment of different chemical compounds for …apvi.org.au › solar-research-conference › wp-content › uploads › ...2019/06/05 · Xinyi Zhang Dr Jose Bilbao Renewable Energy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081406/5f1005467e708231d4470c40/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Toluene
• Accelerate reaction rate with:
- Hot Plate (3 hours at 60 dec C)
- Ultrasonic Bath (3 hours at 60 deg C)
9
SolventSampleweightbeforetreatment
(g)
Sampleweightaftertreatment
(g)
Massdifference
(g)%difference
Toluene-ultrasonicbath 0.0523 0.8375 0.7852 1501%
Toluene-hotplate 0.0985 0.9242 0.8257 838%
![Page 10: Assessment of different chemical compounds for …apvi.org.au › solar-research-conference › wp-content › uploads › ...2019/06/05 · Xinyi Zhang Dr Jose Bilbao Renewable Energy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081406/5f1005467e708231d4470c40/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
FT-IR: EVA treated with Toluene
10
![Page 11: Assessment of different chemical compounds for …apvi.org.au › solar-research-conference › wp-content › uploads › ...2019/06/05 · Xinyi Zhang Dr Jose Bilbao Renewable Energy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081406/5f1005467e708231d4470c40/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
5001000150020002500300035004000
%Transm
ittance
Wavenumber/cm^-1
%T- beforetreatment %T- aftertreatment
FT-IR: EVA treated with Toluene
![Page 12: Assessment of different chemical compounds for …apvi.org.au › solar-research-conference › wp-content › uploads › ...2019/06/05 · Xinyi Zhang Dr Jose Bilbao Renewable Energy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081406/5f1005467e708231d4470c40/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Mechanism of Swelling
12
University of Southern Mississippi (2000) How a polymer gets dissolved.
![Page 13: Assessment of different chemical compounds for …apvi.org.au › solar-research-conference › wp-content › uploads › ...2019/06/05 · Xinyi Zhang Dr Jose Bilbao Renewable Energy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081406/5f1005467e708231d4470c40/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Toluene + PV module (5x5cm)
13
![Page 14: Assessment of different chemical compounds for …apvi.org.au › solar-research-conference › wp-content › uploads › ...2019/06/05 · Xinyi Zhang Dr Jose Bilbao Renewable Energy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081406/5f1005467e708231d4470c40/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Toluene + PV module (5x5cm)
![Page 15: Assessment of different chemical compounds for …apvi.org.au › solar-research-conference › wp-content › uploads › ...2019/06/05 · Xinyi Zhang Dr Jose Bilbao Renewable Energy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081406/5f1005467e708231d4470c40/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Toluene – One-cell PV module
15
![Page 16: Assessment of different chemical compounds for …apvi.org.au › solar-research-conference › wp-content › uploads › ...2019/06/05 · Xinyi Zhang Dr Jose Bilbao Renewable Energy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081406/5f1005467e708231d4470c40/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Toluene – One-cell PV module
After 24 hours After 72 hours
![Page 17: Assessment of different chemical compounds for …apvi.org.au › solar-research-conference › wp-content › uploads › ...2019/06/05 · Xinyi Zhang Dr Jose Bilbao Renewable Energy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081406/5f1005467e708231d4470c40/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Toluene – One-cell module
17
After 1 weekAfter 96 hours
![Page 18: Assessment of different chemical compounds for …apvi.org.au › solar-research-conference › wp-content › uploads › ...2019/06/05 · Xinyi Zhang Dr Jose Bilbao Renewable Energy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081406/5f1005467e708231d4470c40/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Swelling of EVA – Cell breakage
18
![Page 19: Assessment of different chemical compounds for …apvi.org.au › solar-research-conference › wp-content › uploads › ...2019/06/05 · Xinyi Zhang Dr Jose Bilbao Renewable Energy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081406/5f1005467e708231d4470c40/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Toluene – One-cell PV module
19
Glass is clean
Backsheet is
clean
This is the only method that backsheet can be
recovered
![Page 20: Assessment of different chemical compounds for …apvi.org.au › solar-research-conference › wp-content › uploads › ...2019/06/05 · Xinyi Zhang Dr Jose Bilbao Renewable Energy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081406/5f1005467e708231d4470c40/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
What can we do to eliminate the breakage?
20
![Page 21: Assessment of different chemical compounds for …apvi.org.au › solar-research-conference › wp-content › uploads › ...2019/06/05 · Xinyi Zhang Dr Jose Bilbao Renewable Energy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081406/5f1005467e708231d4470c40/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
1.Looking for chemicals – dissolve EVA
21
![Page 22: Assessment of different chemical compounds for …apvi.org.au › solar-research-conference › wp-content › uploads › ...2019/06/05 · Xinyi Zhang Dr Jose Bilbao Renewable Energy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081406/5f1005467e708231d4470c40/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• EVA behave like emulsifier
between H2O and toluene
– Solution stays as turbid
– Suspension even after
several days/weeks
– Precipitate appear powdery
22
EVA in toluene + NaOH in TBA (Tertiary butyl alcohol ) +
H2O
![Page 23: Assessment of different chemical compounds for …apvi.org.au › solar-research-conference › wp-content › uploads › ...2019/06/05 · Xinyi Zhang Dr Jose Bilbao Renewable Energy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081406/5f1005467e708231d4470c40/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Advantages of Emulsions
• Untangle long chain polymers into small aggregated particles
• Speed up removal process by forcing precipitation
• Prevent over swelling that can break cells
23
Cell breakage (7 days soak)
![Page 24: Assessment of different chemical compounds for …apvi.org.au › solar-research-conference › wp-content › uploads › ...2019/06/05 · Xinyi Zhang Dr Jose Bilbao Renewable Energy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081406/5f1005467e708231d4470c40/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
2. Looking for new encapsulant – easy to
dissolve
24
![Page 25: Assessment of different chemical compounds for …apvi.org.au › solar-research-conference › wp-content › uploads › ...2019/06/05 · Xinyi Zhang Dr Jose Bilbao Renewable Energy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081406/5f1005467e708231d4470c40/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Thank you
Any questions?
Xinyi Zhang – [email protected]
Renewable Energy Systems & Policy Group – UNSW Sydney
25