assignment panggung b

AAR 2234 HISTORY AND THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

2 AAR 2234 HISTORY AND THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

Table of Content

INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................3

- Panggung Bandaraya and Architecture of Kuala Lumpur

SITE CONTEXT............................................................................... ..................................................5

SPACES...............................................................................................................................................6

ANALYSIS OF LAYERS, ELEMENTS, and PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN.......................................8

i. Western Layer.......................................................................................................................8

ii. Islamic Layer......................................................................................................................12

iii. Layer From Existing Architecture.....................................................................................15

PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN...................................................................................................15

CONCLUSION.....................................................................................................................16

REFERENCE........................................................................................................................17

INTRODUCTION


Panggung Bandaraya

Panggung Bandaraya Building is located at the corner of Jalan Raja and Jalan Tun Perak,

next door to the Kuala Lumpur Magistrate and Session Court Building in Kuala Lumpur.

Panggung Bandaraya designed conformed to the established Moorish style of architecture.

Panggung Bandaraya before was known as Municipality of Town Hall, later changed to Old

City Hall and now to Panggung Bandaraya or the city theatre. The building was built in year

1896 and finished on 27th October in 1904 during the British Colonial period.

Arthur Bennison Hubback (A.B. Hubback) was the architect and the nominated contractor

was W.Nicholas who were in charged on the construction of the Old City Hall. During the

construction of the building, there were a lot of difficulties such as the rainy season and also

the big flood that occur in Kuala Lumpur in November 1902.

Later after the construction has finished, Panggung Bandaraya (City Hall) is the first side that

is completely built with 'anjung' or porch and different entrance which faces the Gombak

River.

Architecture in Kuala Lumpur


Kuala Lumpur is a city of the old and Moorish domes, minarets and skyscrapers of the

traditional and modern, blending into a panorama of an array of buildings. It is a city of

architecture where styles are allowed to roam free. The city is full with buildings noted for

their distinctive architecture. These buildings symbolizes both the old and new within the old

city is new; within the new, is old.

Architecture in Kuala Lumpur reflects the east and the west, from the intricate structure of to

the places of worship of its people to the imposing ultra- high rise structures. Western

influences blend gracefully with the traditional architecture to give the city a unique

appearance.

INTO PANGGUNG BANDARAYA

SITE CONTEXT


Panggung Bandaraya which is situated beside Bangunan Sultan Abdul Samad shares similar

style of architecture. This is because it came from the colonization that happen in Malaysia

that time. There are several other heritage buildings in the urban area which are the Old

Supreme Court, Bangunan Sultan Abdul Samad, The Textile Museum, Former Standard

Chartered Bank, and Kuala Lumpur Memorial Library.

From the architecture of the buildings, there are a few similarities that can be discovered.

Opposite of Panggung Bandaraya near the Merdeka Square it is the Royal Selangor Club

which has the Tudor architecture Style.

Functioned as the City Hall before therefore it is located in the centre of the city where

people can easily meet and deal with the city council. It is a strategic location for a City Hall

and also linked to the other buildings nearby.

SPACES


Old City Hall.

1. Municipal Offices

2. Registration, Weight and Measure Room

3.Sanitary Inspector's Office

4. Board Room

Panggung Bandaraya

Panggung Bandaraya is a double-storey building with 80m x 45m area. It also has two mezzanine floor at each level.


Ground Floor

Stage, Orchestra Pit, Dressing Room, Paint Room, Holding Room, Office, Foyer, Store, Paymaster, Cash Collector, Mayor's Office, Cashiers, Machine Room, Mayor's Office

First Floor

Upper Stage, Office, Crush Hall, Veranda


ANALYSIS OF LAYERS, ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

Panggung Bandaraya or Old City Hall consist a few layers which is the western layer, the

Islamic Layer which is the Mughal and also the Moorish layer. Panggung Bandaraya is

classified under the Moorish architecture however it also contains other architecture

influences.

1. Western Layer

Since Malaysia was colonized by the British, some western architectural elements can be

found in Panggung Bandaraya.

1.1 Porte-cochere

Porte-Cochere is the article term for porch like structure at a main or secondary entrance to a

building. It is used for horse and carriage (or motor vehicle) can pass in order for the

occupants to alight under it and protecting from the rain.

The porte-cochere that has been installed in Panggung Bandaraya is one of the way to make

the building more grandeur and also to insert the welcoming mood to the visitors. Related to

the history of Old City Hall, it was the home of Kuala Lumpur Sanitary Board where old the

Boards gather.


1.2 Column.

The column that is used in the construction of Panggung Bandaraya is almost similar with the

Greek order which can be considered as Greek or Roman column.

From the pictures above, it can be said that the column that has been installed in Panggung Bandaraya is adopt from the Greek Order or the Roman Order as it symbolizes the power of the building.


1. 3 Brick wall and facade

The Panggung Bandaraya uses brick as the main material in the building. With its natural colour, it really suits the environment. The brick is widely used at the buidings.

From my findings, during the Roman Architecture construction, bricks are massively used for their buildings. The Roman Construction has thick walls with few small openings. They are often double-shells. filled with rubble and regularly found in Italy, Poland, Germany and Holland. For example:

Figure 1 San Vittore alle Chiuse, Genga Figure 2 Sant'Ambrogio, Milan

1.4. Bay window

Bay window is a window space projecting outward from the main walls of the building and forming a bay space. A bay window often associated with Victorian architecture.

Bay window is used in Panggung Bandaraya to provide illusion of a larger room. It is also to increase the flow of natural light into a building as well as provide views of the outside.


1.5 Arch

Lancet arch

Lancet arch is usually found in late middle ages in Europe, in the period of Gothic architecture.

Round arch or Semi-circular arch

Semi-circular arch can be found in castles, churches and others.


2. Islamic Layer

2.1 In the Islamic layer, there are two Islamic influence to the building. Although, Panggung Bandaraya is classified under the Moorish architecture, there still some Mughal elements at the building.

The features of Panggung Bandaraya building was inspired and borrowed from various Muslim countries. The architect Arthur Bennison Hubback (A.B. Hubback) tried to put in some Islamic elements to the building as a show of respect to Malaysia, an Islamic country.

The Mughal Layer is an amalgam of Islamic, Persian and Indian architecture. It is symmetrical and decorative in style and usually found in Persia and India.

The Moorish Layer is branch of Islamic art and architecture developed in the westernmost lands of the Muslims, known as the Maghreb; Spain and North Africa.

2.2 Dome

The dome is one of the most prominent feature of a mosque and also to Panggung Bandaraya Building. Dome is usually construct with concrete because it is to be moulded. One of the characteristics in Mughal architecture is the existence of dome.

The hemispherical dome in central building give an attraction and symbolize our Islamic country.

2.3 Form

The shape of Panggung Bandaraya is a hybrid product of a creative interaction between diverse architecture form. Islamic form has been used in this country for a building type and social form.


2.4 Voussoir ( Moorish )

A voussoir is a wedge-shaped element, typically a stone (piatra) used in building an arch or vault.

Voussoir.

The voussoir is obviously adopted from the Moorish architecture. The pictures shows comparison between the Panggung Bandaraya voussoir and the voussoir from Mosque of Cordoba, Spain.

2.5 Minarets

The minarets used in Panggung Bandaraya functions a landmark or to make the building legible from far. The minarets constructed in square and circle to support the domes on top, this constructed at the facade of the building make it unity in design and represented certain meaning in Islamic religious.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mosque_of_Cordoba_Spain.jpg


2.6 Muqarnas

Muqarnas is type of decorative element in traditional Islamic architecture. Muqarnas usually applied to domes, cornices and the underside of arches and vaults. Muqarnas may be decorated with painted tiles, or pain on wood or plaster.

A simple form of muqarnas is applied in Panggung Bandaraya building inside of a minaret.

2.7 Arches

There are several type of arches that can be seen throughout Panggung Bandaraya building. The architect used arch extensively to represent the Islamic aspect at the building.

The Horseshoe arch also called as the Moorish arch, sometimes Keyhole arch, is the emblematic arch of Islamic architecture. The Horseshoe arch is used in the mosque in Spain, Syria and also North Africa.

Moorish Arch


The Moorish arch in Panggung Bandaraya is similar with the one in La Mezquita, Spain.

3.0 Layer From The Existing Buildings.

Five-foot walkways from bangunan Sultan Abdul Samad is adopted by Panggung Bandaraya by the architect to form unity between the buildings.

PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

1. Repetition

The curved lines, space and texture of Panggung Bandaraya Building are repated throughout the design to tie the structure together to form aesthetical and to achieve unity. Repetition can be seen very clearly in The panggung Bandaraya Building, the lines joint repeatedly to create a geometrical forms of shape. The bricks used in the building is repeatedly arranged to make the building more successfully achieve unity.


2. Rhythm

There are several rhythm that can be found in Panggung Bandaraya Building. First is the repetition of the window shapes, columns, arches, and the minarets. Next is the the progresive vertical rhythm of the window that imply a strong sense of motion, either from the small to the large and from large to small.

3. Variety.

The front view of Panggung Bandaraya is full of variety of form. Play of shadows are inserted, different types of arches, window and also the ornamentations. These elements give different manifestation and pattern to reduce the dull and tiresome to the viewers.

4.Balance


The building is well balanced work of art, because of the porte cochere that is situated in the centre of the building. The four minarets in front of the building are constructed to give more balance to the building.

Conclusion

As a conclusion, Panggung Bandaraya has not only adopt the Moorish style of architecture but also a few other architectural style into the building. Panggung Bandaraya now, before was the City Hall is a very unique architecture as it has a lot of layers yet it suites the architecture of Malaysia. Now, Panggung Bandaraya has become an identity or an icon to Malaysia as it is one of the famous heritage buildings in Malaysia. Therefore, heritage buildings need to preserved in order to ensure the individuality of our own architecture.

Reference:

David Ng and Steven Tan, Kuala Lumpur in Postcards 1900-1930. Fajar Bakti (1987)

Kuala Lumpur Pictorial Book (1995). City Hall KL

Victor Chin.(1982) Looking at Kuala Lumpur.

Syed Zainol Abidin Aidid. Pemeliharaan Warisan Rupa Bandar.

http://www.builderbill-diy-help.com/types-of-arches.html

http://www.dbkl.gov.my/portalv7/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=59&Itemid=104&lang=bm

http://www.daftarwarisan.gov.my/index.php?page=warisan_keb_home&subpage=show_detail&category=1&id=18





http://www.builderbill-diy-help.com/types-of-arches.html

assignment panggung b

Documents

city of architecture

theory of architecture

panggung bandaraya city

traditional architecture

existing architecture

distinctive architecture

pposite of panggung

spacesold city hall