athina_anoxiroti_polh
TRANSCRIPT
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o
2008
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urban anarchy www.urbananarchy.gr
2010. . copyright creative commons. , , www.urbananarchy.gr. , e-mail: [email protected]
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1. ........................................................................................................................................6 2. : ...............................10 2.1 , .........11 2.2 ..............................................................................................14 2.3 ...........................................................................................................................................15 ................................................................................................................................................15 2.4 .....................................................................................................................................................24 3. , , , 3. , , .........................................................................................................................................35 , .........................................................................................................................................35 3.1 .......................................................35 3.1 .......................................................35 3.2 38 3.2 .38 3.3 - ..........................................................42 3.3 - ..........................................................42 3.4 .....................................................................................................................44
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3.5 .............................................................................................................46 3.6 ..........................................................................................................49 3.7 ...................................................................................................................54 3.8 , , , .......56 3.9 ...................................................................................................................59 4. ..........................................................................62 4.1 Ground Zero, ......................................................................................................................................................64 64 4.2 ......................................68 4.3 ............................................................................................................................72 4.4 - , ........75 ..............75 4.5 , !.......................84 4.6 , , ........................................................................................................................87 .............................................................................................................................87 5. 2008 ...................86 6. .......................................................................................................................95 6.1 ...............................................................................95 6.2 - ...................................................................................................................................................97 .....97
5 6.3 ........................................................................................99 6.4 - .............................................................................................................................................101 ..............................................................................................................................100 6.5 ..............................................................102 6.6 , ...............................................105 6.7 ..................................................106 6.8 ..............................................................107 7. .........................................................................................................................108
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: 6 2008, 21:10. : , . . : 6 2008, 00:00. : , . 2000 , . : 8 . : . 20.000 , .
, , 75 . , 150 , 30 . . , . , , , . , , , , , , . , . , , . . , . , , . , .
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. 19 20 . campus (, , ), , , campus. , . 2008, , .
, , , 1865. 1873 . 1896, , . 1901 (). 20 , . 1932 , , , , , . 1944, , , , . 1973, , . 70 , .
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1834 , , , ( 1989). , . 18-19 , - - . , , , 4 , , , . , (, ), 5, .
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4 1970 (90%), (59,0%), (64%) (45%) ( 2008). 5 1833-1974, 1936-1941, 1967-1974.
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, , . 6.
4: 1900-1997
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6 : . 1946 1949 50.000 . .
1: 342.041 546.286 711.990 871.580 944.426 1.057.825 22,5% 31,0% 40,0% 43,5% 43,5% 43,9%
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1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
1.376.202 2.057.974 2.797.849 3.369.443 3.523.407 3.761.810
7.632.801 8.388.553 8.768.641 9.740.417 10.259.900 10.964.020
: , 1951- 2001 2: 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 7.632.801 8.388.553 8.768.372 9.739.589 10.259.900 10.964.020 2.879.994 3.628.105 4.667.489 5.659.528 6.036.660 8.211.646 % % 37,7 43,3 53,2 58,1 58,8 74,8 47,5 43,8 35,2 30,3 28,4 14,8
: , 1951- 2001
, 25 . , 7 , 7 20 1952 1974 . 50-60 -
18
, 8, , 9 . -
- , 47,5% 35,2% 37,7% 53,2% ( 1,2). 20 1,5 . . 8 ( 3744 1929 ). , ( ) . 1960 1970 20%- 30%. - - status . , , , . . 9 ( 1948-1951). , . , . ,
, , . , , , . 50. , 50 (, , , , , , , , ), 10 (, , , , , ) (, , , , , , ) 11 ( 2008).
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. , , (wikipedia ). 10 1922, . 1920 200.000 - . 11 , - .
20
: , , , , , : . 60, 12 1960 196113, 196514. 5-6:
12 70 , . ( 1999).
13 60 135 50.000 1960, 1964 339 165.000.14 1965: 68, 15 70 , . 2 1967. 2008 1973 1965 , 50 , 1944.
, , , , , (.. ). 15 . 16. 17, -
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15 , , . 1960 , , . , , 14 1960, 1000 , . 67 ( 2008). 16 60, . - : , , , , . 17 1968, 395/68 (-95//4-5-68) , 40%. 5 7 8 9 . 395/68 .
22
. 60 70 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . . . , , 1969 18, 19. , 1966 1974 20
18 1953-1973 6,9%. 19 , , , , , , . 20 , 21 1967 24 1974.
21, 22, . , , , . , 70 . .
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21 , , . , . , . , , ( 2007). 22 , . 57% 10 . 27 30%. 47%, 42%. 27%, . 21%, 18% ( 2010).
24
2.4 1973 23 , , , , , , , . . 1973 , . 24 , , -
23 14 1973 . ( , 2002). 17 , 40 . 24 , 1974 . , , 1981 - (). . .
. 1981. , 70 80 . , , 25, , . 1981 , . , . , 80 26. , 80, , . , , , ,
25
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25 70 , , , , , . 26 1980, 7 1973, . . . , 1985, . 2000 , .
26
, .. . , ( 2007), . 1985 , , , . , . , (, , , , , , , ), , , , , ( , , ). . . , , . , , 90. 90, . 1991 27 1995 27 1991 70% . -
73, . 504 . , , 1990 2000 500.000 (, , , ) (, , , , ) (, , ) (, , , , , ). (, , , )28, , , , , -
27
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, , . . 50.000 , . 4 . 28 . , . , . , .. , . , , , . . , , . . , , , , , ( 2007).
28
, 29 . , 30 ( 2007), . 7: ( 2007).
29 2001 19% , 30%. 30 ( 2003).
, (2001), ( 90-00), 2004. club . . , , , 2006 - 2007 2006, . , . 31, (courier, , , call center), .
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31 . .
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9: 32
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32 2009, , ( , ) , . ( 2009) gentrification.
32
, , , . , 1859, 194433, 60, 1965, 1973, 1985, 1991, 1995, 1998 2006 2008,
33 1944 - 1945, , . . , 3 1944, 28 148. : , () , . , de facto . , , , (wikipedia, ).
3: , , , 40 & 1967-1974 , 1973 : ,
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1944-1952
,
1952-1967
, 1965
1974-1981
1981-1989
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, 1990-2004 ,
, , Gentrification ()
2004-2008
3.
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, , .
3.1 . ()34, 3.375 km2. 3.740.051 35, 1/3 , 12 36. ( -
34 ( ), (, ) . 35 . , , , . 36 ESPON (European Spatial Planning Observation Network), 11 , : , , , , (-), , , , , .
36
) 412 km2, 3.361.806 8.150 ./ km2, 40.000 ./ km2 (. , . , )37. 38,9 km2, 745.000 19.300 ./ km2. 2004 3.956.70738 . 10:
37 2001, 1 ( - --) 14,7 /., 2 .. ( ) 26,11 /., 3 .. ( , , , ) 9,05 /., 4 .. ( , , ) 20,56 /., 5 .. ( ) 26,27 /., 6 .. ( - ) 40,47 /., 7 .. ( , ) 18,92 /. 38 (2010), 4.500.000 , .
2001 17.823 , 10 .., 2006 26.212 .. (131,1%), 42 .. 39% . 39. , (globality) (Sassen 1997, Robinson 2002, Brenner 2004). B, M, M, , , , (2004: 21-22). , , , (gentrified areas) , , , , (slums), (auman 2007, Harvey 2006, Ramone 2009).
37
39 . ESPON ( ) (strong megas). , , , , . , , . , , , 2007-2013.
38
3.2 . , . , . (, , , , , ..) (, , , , , ) (, , ). , . 11: 2001. , .
: , . , ., . 2008.
12: . , .
39
: Woditsch 2009.
40
13-14: - 1991. , .
: 2008,
, - . , , . , , .
15: .
41
, , , , . .
42
3.3 - H 90 (compact city) , . 15 (urban sprawl), (diffuse city)40. . 3.740.000 2001, 370.000, 10%, 41 -
40 , . , , , , , . , 4 CIAM , , , , . (1997) ( ). , - (gentrification). 41 10%,
412 km2. , , , . ( 4) , ( Istanbul) Cairo Mumbai .
43
: 85,0%, 81%, 80,0%, 79%, 77%, 75%, 73%, 68,0%, 67%, 61,0%, 58,0%, 49%, 49%, 45%, 27%, ( metropolitan area urban area metropolitan area, : ESPON, Urban Audit, Wikipedia).
44
4: ( 1000 /km2) ( 1000 /km2) ( km2) 412 2.723 1.706 891 607 2.370 803 842 454 1.081 465 214 85 603 203 4.319 1.485 (2001 2008)
Paris London Berlin Madrid Milano BarcelonaRoma Oslo Moscow Istanbul Cairo Beirut Mumbai Buenos Aires Los Angeles Mexico City
3.761.810 11.836.970 12.300.000 5.000.000 7.061.000 7.400.000 5.355.000 5.493.000 1.422.000 10.126.000 12.782.000 17.285.000 3.000.000 21.900.000 13.356.000 14.755.000 21.163.000
19,3 8,8 4,8 3,8 5,1 7,1 15,8 3,2 1,3 9,7 17,3 37,1 15,1 22,9 15,1 2,9 6,0
1,0 0,8 1,3 0,7 0,7 1,6 2,3 1,0 0,1 1,5 3,5 13,6 4,0 4,1 2,8 1,2 2,7
: ESPON, Urban Audit
3.4 1933 4 CIAM, ,
, (urban vitality) . : , , , . 16: . M ,
45
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, , , , . , , , , , . , , . (. , , , )42.
3.5 , , (, , , , ) , , , , , , ( 16). , . , , . . 15 . 90 , 42 , .
, , , . , , , ( . , ..) , 43. , ( 44). , 2004, . , , 45, -
47
43 - - . 44 , , 50-60, . 90 . , , , , , . 45 gentrification , . . . Marcuse (dislocation) , . Ruth Glass 1964 Islington . ( 2008). -
48
. . , , ...! , , . , , , , 46, ,
: . , , . , free press , . . . . . ( 2009). 46 Richard Florida cities and the creative class (2005), , , . , . , , , , , , , knowledge workers, , , , .. , , , . , (public life)
, , , , , . 47, 48. 21 2008. . , . 2008 , , .
49
(community life). - (quasi-anonymity), . , Florida : real estate, . 47 , . 48 2004 293 1000 . 2002 , , . , http://kameres.wordpress.com/.
50
3.6 , . 2,55 /, 49 15 /. , , , . 24, . Graffiti, stencil, , , . , , , , ( , , , , ..). , , , . 15 500 50.
49 : Sofia 169 /, Helsinki 146,6 / , Prague 83, Amsterdam 35 /, Berlin 27 /, Rotterdam 24 /, Milano 15 /, Roma 15,0 /, 2,7 /., A 2,5 /. [ http://www.urbanaudit.org/index.aspx]. 10 /, (.., , 2004). 50 , 1995 2000 460 , 1998, 1.038 [ http:// www.metopo.gr/article.php?id=1817]
, , , 70m. , . 45m, 60m, 45m, - 70m. , 85m, , 220m 250m. , , , , . , , . 245m , 115m, 105m, 270m ( Kreuzberg 140m), 40m ( Casbah 10m), 35m, 35m, 30m.
51
52
5: 270m 245m 220m 180m 160m 115m 115m 110m 95m 90m 70m 50m
Berlin
15-120m 15-45m 15-190m 10-80m 5-160m 10-135m 5-60m 6-70m 10-60m 10-90m 5-55m 5-45m
. 20-30m 25-50m 9-17m 5-10m 7-10m 5-10m 4-6m 250m 220m 85m 70m 60m 45m 45m 60m 50m 43m 35m 25m 15-25m 16m 14m 8m 90m 90m 55m 80m 80m 55m 80m 70m 45m
New York Los Angeles Moscow Beijing Buenos Aires Barcelona Paris Mexico City London Milano Mumbai
BeirutIstanbul Algiers Napoli Cairo Baghdad
7-35m2-45m 10-25m 5-35m 3-70m 3-70m
45m40m 40m 35m 35m 30m
17: , , , , , . 600m x 600m.
53
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, , . ( 1977). , , . H , , , , .
3.7 , . , . , . , 90 , . , . , .
. - , ( ), (), ( 51), ( ). . , . , , , : , , , , , , , , , , , . , . , , , (Woditsch 2009). . , , . , , , , , , , , , . , . . 51 (Woditsch 2009).
55
56
, 2008 . , , , , , 2008, . , , . , . , , , , .
3.8 , , , . 80 90. 90-91, punk , . , , (c/krumel 2005). (, , , ) 60, . -
80. , , , . , . 2000-2005 . (, , , , ). 2002 .. 2003, 2004 2008 5 , . . , , , , , , , , , , , 10 . , , . , , ( , ). , Rosa Nera (), (), (), . ( , , , -
57
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, , , , ). - . , , , , . . 18:
3.9 19 20 , 52. . campus ( 23 , 15 ., 23 ., 20 ., 78 ., 7,5 .) ( , 430 .). , . campus. . , , . , 60-70, campus, (1967-1974), , .. 5 km 15 km . 52 1837, 1843, 1843, 1894, 1920, 1920, 1930, 1938.
59
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campus , .. 2000 . 7 km , 1200 . 9 km, 8 km, 7 km, 5 km, 6 km, 4 km, 8 km . , (, , , , ), ( , , , ) (), ( ) . , , logistics ( , , , , , , , ). 53 53 . . , . , , , , , .. . , . 74 ( 78-79 815, 80-81,
. 19: . ()
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58, 700m . , ( ) . , , . , , . , . . , . , , . , . . , , ( , - , ), () . . , , 59. -
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60 , , , ( ) . , , . 61 , , . . !
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. 67. 26 2009 , . - . . 68, . , , (, , ). , . , . . , , , . , , , -
77
67 0,5 . 68 15 4 , 1000 1000 .
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. - , 70. 17 71, 70 , 800 . . . 18 -
79
70 , 1941 , . , (, , ..) . , Agamben , (Agamben 2006). 71 , 1918 . ( 2008, 2009 - . , ). , 10 .
80
. . 21 , 15 19 . . 28 7 2009 72. - . 22 2009 10.000 , . lifestyle , , . -. . , , 72 , , . 1 , , , , 2 , . 9 .
, , 73. , . . 19 , . . . 70 . 19 80 . , , 22 , . 5 . 250m . . , . . , , 73 1 2007 Destroy Athens 2007, Remap 1 & 2 2007 2009 , .
81
82
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83
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84
4.5 , ! , . , . 22 , , , . , 2008 . 23 5000 24 . 25 26 . , . , , . . , , , . , 27 , 28 , , . , ; , 29 , , o The Mall.
malls , , . - 74. , , , . 2008 . , , mall. 9 . mall , , 75, . , 100 , , . : . , 31 , . -
85
74 . 90 , . malls 2005 , 6 malls mall 1000 120 .., 250 .. ... 2000 .. . 75 , mall
86
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76 3000 . 7 km . 77 . 3 2008 8.000 21 , 5.000 . (). , . 2008 . . . . , . 78 246 67 .
4.6 , , . . . , , . . 2009 . . 19 2009 , , . 28 2009 , , . 2009 . , , . 2009 . . 2008
87
88
. 2010 pasamontana , 2010 , , .
23: , 2008.
5.
89
2008 . , . . , . , , 5-13 km. (25 km) , (14 km), (11 km), (5 km), (7 km), - (4-5 km). 3 km, . 2008 , , , , .
90
2005. , , - banlieux , . 12 . (2007) 14.500 km2, 3 4,5 . 13-25 km. Clichy-sous-Bois, , 19 km Saint Denis 13 km . , Goussainville (22 km ) Neuily sur Marne (20 km). . , , (, ), , 20 , . , 15 . 87.000 km2 , Watts 1965, 5 22km . , , 20-25m 70-80m. , 1992 South Central Los Angeles 10 km . , 6 .
70, 1969 1977 , . - . , , . . , (Moroni 1996), , . , 7-15 km Lambrate, Crescenzago, Gorla, Sesto san Giovanni . , , (hinterland)79 , 79 : ( ) Nanni Balestrini , 1976
91
92
, . , 70 , , . 2001, , . , Los Angeles, . , , , , . , Plaza de Mayo . 200 , 10km. , (, ) - .
.
5:
93
2008 2005 2001 () 1981,1985,1995 1992 , 90 () 1971 , 70 1968 1965
( km) 0-3 13-25 0-10 4-6 10-15 3-5 18-25 7-15 0-7 20-25
94
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81 , , . 82 .
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, 30 150 , . 25:
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100
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6.4 - 88. -
- 87 . ( ) , , , . 88 ,
, . . . ( - ) , . . , , . (Bauman 2009), - - . . , , (Bauman 2007), 89. , . , , . . , . , , 6 . , .
101
(Arrent 1986). 89 . , , .
102
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... , , ... ( 2008). , , , . . . 90 . . . 91. . .
103
90 2009. 91 T Spinoza , , , , . , . Hobbes , . . . Virno , , (Virno, 2002).
104
, . , , , . , , , , , . . , 92. , , . . . . . 93. -
92 . , , . 93 , . -
. , , 94, .
105
6.6 , 95. . , . ( ), . . . , , -
oi (Riot girls 2009). 94 , , . 95 , . .
106
, . , , ( ), .
6.7 , , . , . , , , , , ( 2005, 1965, 1992, 1981, 1985, 1995, 1969, 1971) . , , , , , , . , , , . , . , , , .
. , (1965, 1992), (2007) , , , , , , , . , , , , .
107
6.8 , , . , , . . , , . , , , . . , , , . . -
108
, , . , , . 2008 2010 : , stop--, , , , . , , , . 2008 . , , , , . . , , 2010. , .
7.
109
Agamben, G., 2003. Homo sacer, , (. .), : Scripta. - 2006. (. .), : . , ., , . 2007-2008 (gentrification) . , . -395/68 (-95//4-5-68) . , 1977. , . Text 21 2002. Arrent H., 1986. , : . ., 2007. , - 2005-2007. Balestrini N. 2005/1987. . (. .), : .
110
Blaumachen 2009, 2008: , 2009. Bauman Z., 2005. (. .) : . - 2007. , : . - 2009. , : . c/krmel 2005. , : primitive. , ., 2008. , , [ http://www.asda. gr/elxoroi/katalBantist.htm (20 2010)]. , . , ., . 2008. & 21 (. ., ., ., ., .), : . , ., 1999. , , : . , . 2009. , . Lefebvre H., 2007. , : . , ., 1989. , 1909-1940, . - 2005 : , : . , ., 2003. , , . ., ., 2000. -
, , , . , 2007. reloaded, Blackout , 9 [ http://blackout.gr/keimena/95]. Moroni, P., 1999. , , , , (. , .), : A. ., 2008. , [ http://anoihtipoli.gr/arthra/gia-ton-ekseygenismo-toymetaksoyrgeioy (6 2010)] Pallasmaa J., 2005. The Eyes of the Skin, Architecture and the Senses, Great Britain: Academy editions. ., 2008. . [ http://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=1niOJ4hlKYk&feature=related (7 20100]. , ., 2010. , , [ http://bloggr.p2pfoundation.net/?p=136 (26 2010)]. Petropoulou, C., 2008 Non/de/re/regulation and Athens urban development (1834 2008), (translation: Koutrolikou P, Mermigas A., Siatitsa D.) [ http://inura08.files.wordpress.com/2008/10/introductiontoathens. pdf (28 2010) ., 2009. 2008, INURA, 2009 IJJUR. Riot girls 2009. [ http://indy. gr/analysis/ar3c7idia-eksegersi-syntrofoi-3 (7 2010)] ., 2007. , 24/03/2007 [ http://www.avgi.gr/ NavigateActiongo.action?articleID=305682 (6 2010)]. , ., 2008. , .26 Sassen 1997, Robinson 2002, Brenner 2004, The Global Cities Reader 2006 (Neil Brenner, Roger Keil editor) New York : Routledge.
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Sennet R., 1999. H : . . 1990. , : . 2007. , , , . [ http://www. episfaleia.gr/foitbook.php (6 2010)] . . . (2010), , . , 2009. 12.08, , , , 2002. 1973, .8, . , 2009., 14, , . Virno, P., 2002. , (. , .), : . Woditsch, R., 2009. Plural private and public spaces of the Polykatoikia in Athens, Berlin, Techn, Univ., Diss.