atmosphere optics ppt - physical science in 21st century (ps-21) · 2018-10-13 · atmospheric...
TRANSCRIPT
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Atmospheric OpticsAtmospheric Optics
Stan JonesStan Jones
Department of Physics and Astronomy
PS‐21 First Fall Institute
Concept 2: Light and Color
S t b 28 2012September 28, 2012
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What can happen to light from the sun???
• Scatter (bounce): off of molecules particlesScatter (bounce): off of molecules, particles
• Reflection: off drops of water or crystals of ice
f i i• Refraction: water or ice
• Internal reflection: inside water or ice
• Diffraction : around drops or small crystals
• Interference: with other nearby light wavesInterference: with other nearby light waves
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Colors in the SkyColors in the Sky
• I will start with the most basic question:I will start with the most basic question:– Why is the sky blue?
• And then, why are sunsets red?
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Why the sky is blue, sunsets are redWhy the sky is blue, sunsets are red
• Scattering of light off stuff in airScattering of light off stuff in air
• Blue scatters more than green or red
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Blue sky, white and pink cloudsBlue sky, white and pink clouds
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Sunset near SavannahSunset near Savannah
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Alberta (CA) sunset after stormAlberta (CA) sunset after storm
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Mirages and the Green FlashMirages and the Green Flash
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The Green Flash!!The Green Flash!!
• While we are on the subject of sunsets here isWhile we are on the subject of sunsets, here is something I have looked for many times but never seennever seen.
• It helps if you are up high relative to the water, and if the water is warm This produces aand if the water is warm. This produces a mirage of the sun.
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Why Green??Why Green??
• Green gets refracted moreGreen gets refracted more
• So do blue and violet
h d ( h ’ h i• But they get scattered (that’s why sunset is red…)
• But, sometimes yellow, purple flashes are also seen
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Formed by inversion in air temp:“Mock‐Mirage”
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Purple flashPurple flash
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Reflection and RefractionReflection and Refraction
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Dispersion(hands‐on)
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RainbowsRainbows
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At the Mall
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TenneseeTennesee
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Rainbow formationRainbow formation
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Secondary BowSecondary Bow
• http://www atoptics co uk/rainbows/ord2forhttp://www.atoptics.co.uk/rainbows/ord2form.htm#
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A MoonbowA Moonbow
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GlassbowGlassbow
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I t fInterference
Slide 13 Fig. 18.9, p.551
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InterferenceInterference
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Interference in a soap filmInterference in a soap film
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Using a diffraction gratingUsing a diffraction grating
• Hands on again!Hands on again!
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A Model CalculationA Model Calculation
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SupernumerariesSupernumeraries
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AnotherAnother
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The GloryThe Glory
• This is an interference effectThis is an interference effect
• Simulations take into account light rays (waves) striking a raindrop on all parts of the(waves) striking a raindrop on all parts of the surface.
V i bl d i• Variable drop sizes
• Model suggested by Mie in 1920, but requires powerful computers for implementation
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Solar Corona and AureoleSolar Corona and Aureole
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Solar CoronaSolar Corona
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Iridescent CloudsIridescent Clouds
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Lunar CoronaLunar Corona
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HeiligenscheinHeiligenschein
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Effects of ice crystalsEffects of ice crystals
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Refraction through a crystalRefraction through a crystal
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22 degree solar halo22 degree solar halo
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Lunar Halo…and MarsLunar Halo…and Mars
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Parhelic Circle, 22o Halo, Circumscribed arc, and sun dogsCircumscribed arc, and sun dogs
over the Dead Sea
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Parhelic circle over U of AParhelic circle over U of A
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Circumzenithal Arc over the golf course
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22 Degree Solar Halo22 Degree Solar Halo
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Preview of coming slidePreview of coming slide
• The upper part of the circumscribed halo isThe upper part of the circumscribed halo is visible, curving downwards over the fainter 22º halo and intercepting the parhelic circle at22 halo and intercepting the parhelic circle at the sundogs.
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Several Things HereSeveral Things Here
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Pillarfl ff f lReflections off of ice crystals
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Sundogs AgainSundogs Again
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• http://www.atoptics.co.uk/ttp:// .atopt cs.co.u /
• http://www.photon‐echoes.com/atmospheric_optics.htm
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In case time allowsIn case time allows
• Polarization effects (yet another hands‐on!)Polarization effects (yet another hands on!)
• Why clouds are white