atomic structure section 3.1, p.70-76. hydrogen atomic number: 1 name: hydrogen symbol: h family:...
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Atomic Structure
Section 3.1, p.70-76
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Hydrogen
• Atomic number: 1• Name: Hydrogen• Symbol: H• Family: Nonmetals
• Commonly combines with itself to form a diatomic molecule, H2
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Democritus’ Model of the Atom
• 4th Century B.C. to 1808• “The universe is made of invisible units called
atoms.”• “The movements of atoms cause changes in
matter”
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Helium
• Atomic number: 2• Name: Helium• Symbol: He• Family: Noble gases
• Recovered from oil drilling operations where radioactive alpha particles combine with free electrons to form the element.
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Dalton’s model of the Atom
• 1808 to 1913• “Every element is made of
tiny, unique particles called atoms that cannot be subdivided.”
• “Atoms of the same element are exactly alike.”
• “Atoms of different elements can join to form molecules.”
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Lithium
• Atomic number: 3• Name: Lithium• Symbol: Li• Family: Alkali Metals
• Used in the aerospace industry as a compound that absorbs poisonous carbon dioxide from manned space capsules (LiOH)
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Bohr’s Model of the Atom
• 1913 to 1925• “Electrons move in set paths
around the nucleus much like the planets orbit the sun in our solar system.”
• “Each electron has a certain energy determined by its path, which is its energy level.”
• “Electrons can only have certain energy levels.”
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Beryllium
• Atomic number: 4• Name: Beryllium• Symbol: Be• Family: Alkaline Earth Metals
• Found in nature as part of a compound in precious and semi-precious stones such as aquamarine and emerald
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Modern Theory of the Atom
• 1925 to present• “Electrons behave more like waves on a
vibrating string than they do like particles.”• “Electrons are found in ORBITALS within
energy levels.”
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Valence Electron (outermost energy level)
protons
neutrons
Electron Cloud
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Boron
• Atomic number: 5• Name: Boron• Symbol: B• Family: Nonmetal Semiconductor
• A component of the compound Borax, which is an ingredient in detergent and cosmetics. In some countries, it is used as a food additive similar to salt, but is banned for this purpose in the U.S. Some foods containing it include French and Iranian caviar.