atoms are building blocks of elements similar atoms in each element different from atoms of other...
TRANSCRIPT
ATOM BASICS
2
Atomic Theory
Atoms are building blocks of
elements
Similar atoms in each element
Different from atoms of other
elements
Two or more different atoms bond in
simple ratios to form compounds
3
Subatomic Particles
Particle Symbol Charge Relative
Mass
Electron e- 1- 0
Proton p+ + 1
Neutron n 0 1
Atomic Structure
Atoms are composed of 2 regions:
NucleusElectron
Cloud
Atomic Structure
Nucleus: the center of the atom that contains the mass of the atom
Electron cloud: region that surrounds the nucleus that contains most of the space in the atom
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Atomic Number
Number of protons in an atom
All atoms of an element have the same number of protons
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Atomic Number -Periodic Table
11Na
Atomic NumberSymbol
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Atomic Number -Periodic Table
11Na
11 Protons
Sodium
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Learning Check
State the number of protons for atoms of each of the following:
Nitrogen
10
Atomic Number -Periodic Table
7N
7 Protons
Nitrogen
11
Learning Check
State the number of protons for atoms of each of the following:
Sulfur
12
Atomic Number -Periodic Table
16S
16 Protons
Sulfur
13
Learning Check
State the number of protons for atoms of each of the following:
Barium
14
Atomic Number -Periodic Table
56Ba
56 Protons
Barium
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Mass Number
Counts the number of protons and neutrons in an atom
Mass number= p+ + n0
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Atomic Symbols
Show the mass number
and atomic number
Give the symbol of the
element
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Atomic Symbols
Na
Mass number
Atomic number
11
23
18
Learning Check
Cl
Mass number
Atomic number
17
35
How many protons?
What is the element?
How many neutrons?
19
Learning Check
Cl
Mass number
Atomic number
17
35
What is the element?
Chlorine
20
Learning Check
Cl
Mass number
Atomic number
17
35
How many protons?
p = atomic # = 17
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Learning Check
Cl
Mass number
Atomic number
17
35 How many
neutrons?
n0 = 35 (mass number– 17 (p+)
n0 = 18
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Number of Electrons
An atom is neutral The net charge is zeroNumber of protons = Number of electrons
Atomic number = Number of electrons
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Learning Check
O8
16
n0 =
p+ =
e- =
8
8
8
24
Learning Check
P15
31
n0 =
p+ =
e- =
1516
15
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Learning Check
Zn
30
65
n0 =
p+ =
e- =
3035
30
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IsotopesAtoms with the same
number of protons, but
different numbers of
neutrons. Atoms of the same element (same atomic number) with different mass numbers
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IsotopesIsotopes of chlorine
35Cl 37Cl17 17
chlorine - 35 chlorine - 37
LecturePLUS Timberlake 28
Learning Check
Naturally occurring carbon consists of three isotopes, 12C, 13C, and 14C. State the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in each of these carbon atoms.
12C 13C 14C 6 6
6
#p _______ _______ _______
#n _______ _______
_______
#e _______ _______
_______
LecturePLUS Timberlake 29
Solution
12C 13C 14C
6 6 6
#p 6 6
6
#n 6 7 8
#e 6 6
6
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Learning Check
An atom of zinc has a mass number of 65.
A. Number of protons in the zinc atom
B. Number of neutrons in the zinc atom
C. What is the mass number of a zinc isotope
with 37 neutrons? Draw its atomic symbol.
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Learning Check
An atom of zinc has a mass number of 65.
A. Number of protons in the zinc atom
30
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Learning Check
An atom of zinc has a mass number of 65.
B. Number of neutrons in the zinc atom
35
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Learning Check
C. What is the mass number of a zinc isotope
with 37 neutrons? Draw its atomic symbol.
67 Zn
30
67
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Learning Check
Write the atomic symbols for atoms with the following:
A. 8 p+, 8 n, 8 e-___________
B. 17p+, 20n, 17e- ___________
C. 47p+, 60 n, 47 e-___________
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Solution
16OA. 8 p+, 8 n, 8 e- 8
B. 17p+, 20n, 17e- 37Cl 17
C. 47p+, 60 n, 47 e- 107Ag 47
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Atomic Mass on the Periodic Table
11Na
22.99
Atomic Number
Symbol
Atomic Mass
37
Atomic Mass
Atomic mass is the weighted average mass of all the atomic masses of the isotopes of that atom.
BEAN BAGIUM
IONIon – charged particle that forms when an atom gains or loses one or more electrons
IONCation – positively charged particle when an atom loses electrons
protons(+) > electrons(-1)
CATION
Ca+2
protons(+) = 20electrons(-) = 18
IONAnion – negatively charged particle when an atom gains electrons
electrons(-) > protons(+)
CATION
N-3
protons(+) = 7electrons(-) = 10