Earth Position & Distance

Of ATPL

2Table 1 Chart Classifications

3Table 2 Radio Spectrum Classification

3Table 3 Radio Emission Classification

3Table 4 HF Frequency Classification

4Table 5 Loading Type Classification

4Table 6 AI Turning Errors

5Table 7 Jetstreams and Global Latitude Reference

6Table 8 Macro Atmosphere Structure

6Table 9 Troposphere Structure

6Table 10 Pressure Datum Relationships (QNH/QFF)

7Table 11 Fire and Extinguisher Classifications

7Table 12 Pre-Ingnition and Detonation Characteristics

7Table 13 Equipment Requirements

8Table 14 Supplemental Oxygen Requirements

8Table 15 Safety Equipment Requirements

8Table 16 Reporting Requirements

9Table 17 Separation Question Matrix

10Table 18 Separation

10Table 19 Light Signals

11Table 20 ICAO Annexes

11Table 21 Licensing Requirements

11Table 22 - Visual Flight Rules

12Table 23AIP Contents and Subdivision

12Table 24 ATS and SAR Classification

12Table 25 Holding Speeds

12Table 26 Intenational Conventions

Table 1 Chart Classifications

MercatorConic/LambertPolar Stereo

ScaleScale at X = 1/Scale*CosX (Div by Cos X if going toward equator).

Or Scale at A*CosB=Scale at B*CosAExpands outside standard ||s Contracts between, correct at std ||. || of origin slightly North of midpoint. Max Lat spread 24 2/3 inside, 1/6 ea outside.Expands away from pole. Radius of || of lat is 2R tan(co-lat/2). For scale map R =250M/Scale. Co-lat is 90-lat (ie. degrees to pole)

RLStraight (see below for variants)Concave to poleConcave to pole

ConvergencyCorrect at tangency (Std Equator, TVM - central meridian & equator, OM - GC tangency and poles).Chart Convergency longitude(mins) * Sin || of origin. Same formula for grid convergence.longitude (ie. Sin lat= 1

Radio BearingsAdd conversion ( to all on Std, Otherwise only to ADF/AWR.Convergency @ station to ADF AWR.Convergency @ station to ADF AWR.

GCPoleward of RL

Concave to point of accurate convergence (Equator)Poleward of RL

Concave to point of accurate convergence (|| of origin)Poleward of RL

Concave to point of accurate convergence (meridian)

OtherUsable to 70N&S and 350nm either side of GC of tangency.Usable 80N&S.Usable 65N up.Light shone from opposite pole

VariantsTransverse Central meridian of longitude is tangency. GCs are straightish/ concave to central meridian. RLs concave to pole. ||s of lat are elipses xcpt equator.

Oblique Specific RouteSimple Cone touches earth once, std = origin

Table 2 Radio Spectrum Classification

VLFLFMFHFVHFUHFSHFEHF

VeryLowMedHighVeryUltraSuperExtra

Freq3-30K30-300K300K-3M3M-30M30M-300M300M-3G3G-30G30G-300G

Wavelength100km-10km10Km-1Km1Km-100m100m-10m10m-1m1m-10cm10cm-1cm1cm-1mm

MyriaKiloHectoDecaMetricDeciCentiMilli

Space Waves

Sky Waves

Surface Waves4000nm1000nm300nm100nm

Ionos Duct

Atmos. Attn

Surface Attn

Ionos Attn

Static

UsesLoran

NDB 190kNDB 1750kComms 2850K- 22MComms 118M-137MGldslp

GPS 1.5G(L1)C/A 1.2G(L2)

SSR

DMERadalt 4.3G

MLS

ATC/Wx Radar

9-10G

Table 3 Radio Emission ClassificationX3E (Comms)AXWX0NAXA

J HF SSB Sup Carr8 ILSP DME1 NDB Ident

A VHF DSB9 VORN NDB Carrier2 Alt NDB Ident

Table 4 HF Frequency Classification

Lowest Usable HFMaximum Usable FrequencyOptimum Frequency

Static & Ionospheric attenuationBest combination use highest frequency that worksEnd of skip distance a bit temperamental

Table 5 Loading Type Classification

Zero Fuel MassAirplane incl unusable fuel & oilBasic Empty MassDry Operating Mass (Wet if includes Fuel)All Up Mass

Crew & crew bags, catering, special equipmentVariable Load

Passengers & FreightTraffic LoadUseful (Disposable) Load

FuelFuel

Table 6 AI Turning Errors

Table 7 Jetstreams and Global Latitude Reference

JanJulCharacterEMEAAmericasFar East/Pacific

90

65Highs, Light EasterliesGreenland, Canada Northern Territories

80-120

80-120

65

40Disturbed Temperate (Travelling Westerlies)Europe (Madrid, Rome, Istanbul) to Arctic Circle, Russia,, Nthn California to NY, Northern US States, Alaska, CanadaMongolia Kazakhstan & Russia (Sakhalin, Kamchatka), Japan (Hokkaido)

12040

35Temperate Transitional (Mediterranean)Southern med (Lisbon, Athens, Izmir, Tehran, Kabul) Mid California, Colorado, VirginiaChina (Beijing to Xian), Japan (Honshu, Tokyo) Korea

2/300

35

20Arid Subtropical

Highs, DesertNth Africa (Morocco, Algeria , Libya, Egypt, Saudi, Middle EastSthn California, Texas, Georgia, Mexico City & Nth MexicoSthn China (Xian to HK) N India (Kashmir to Mumbai)

*10N20N*

25/5020

10Tropical Transitional

Savannah & TradesOman, Sudan, Mauretania, Senegal, Mali, Niger, Chad, , YemenCuba, Sthn Mexico, Central America, CarribeanIndia (Mumbai to Bangalore) Thailand, Laos, Vietnam.

25/35

orW

5S10

10Equatorial Easterlies, weaker even v light westerly in winter.S facing strip of W Africa (Lagos) to Horn (Addis Ababa), Congo to Tanzania, Northern S America (Panama, Venezuela) to mid BrazilSingapore Malaysia Indonesia, Sri Lanka & Sthn tip of India

15S10

20Tropical Transitional

Savannah & TradesAngola, Zambia, N MozambiqueSouthern Brazil, Bolivia S PeruNth Australia

90/1T20

35Arid Subtropical

Highs, DesertNamibia, Sth AfricaUruguay, N ArgentinaCentral Australia to Sydney/Perth

70/80

35

40Temperate Transitional (Mediterranean)Mid Argentia, ChileMelbourne, Auckland NZ North Island

60/7060/7040

65Dist TempSth Argentina, Chile, Tierra del FuegoNZ South Island, Tasmania

65

90PolarAntarcticaAntarcticaAntarctica

*Bombay/Oman/Sudan Cuba is northern limit of tropical easterlies in summer

*Lagos Addis Ababa/Panama/Singapore is northern limit of tropical easterlies in winter

Table 8 Macro Atmosphere Structure

DiscontinuityHeightThermal CharacterOther/Notes

F Layer (Appleton)225km (150-350Km)Temp RisesHigh Ion Density

E Layer (Kenelly-Heavyside)125km (100-150Km)Temp RisesMed Ion Density

Mesopause80kmTemp falls

D Layer (Day Only)75km (50-100km)Low Ion Density.

Stratopause50kmTemp rises at 0.3C/1000ft

ISA Limit20kmTemp steady -56.5 under ISA drops at 2C/1000ft under JSAUnless tropopause height specified. Then use actual tropopause temp.

Tropopause11kmSumWtrTemp drops at 2C/1000ft25,000ft -45C Pole

40,000ft -55C mid lat

55,000ft -75C equator

3016k16k

5012k9k

709k8k

Table 9 Troposphere Structure

Height.P dominates T affects P/HPress/Ht per HPa

96T(A)/P(HPa)TUC

((2 if from 7-8000ft cabin alt)Other

58,000ft100/200ft

49,000ft Need radiation monitoring

43,000ft8-12secs

40,000ft20secsO2 under pressure required

O3 a problem to 75,000ft

38,000ft200mb/102ft

35,000ft-min

30,000ft300mb/73ft-1min

25,000ft376mb2-4min

22,000ft4-8min35mm in lungs/ unconsciousness

18,000ft500mb/48ft30min50mm in lungs

10,000ft700mb/36ftIndefinite

5,000ft850mb/31ft

Sea Level1013mb/27ft. Use this for 9 seatsMax Cert TOM >5700kgs15,000kgs

or 30 seats27,000kgsWarning Required

Altitude Alerting((Visual up, Aural down.

GPWS(((Aural

1DFDR10h Apr/98 On

Type II

25h All A/C Jun/90 On

Turbine only B4 Jun/90( Type I

(Enh. Rec.)

CVR

30m Jan/90 On2hrs Apr/98 On

30 min B4 Apr/98(

TCAS IIJet/turbo plus all a/c >19 seats by 2005Jet/turbo(

TAWSNew jet turbo

from 2003Jet/turbo by 2005(Aural and visual with display

AWR

All press.a/c25kft

Flight DeckAfter 30 minsEntire time30min2hr

Cabin CrewAfter 30 minsEntire time30 min

10% PaxAfter 30 mins

30% PaxEntire time

100% PaxEntire time10 min

Unpressurised

Flight DeckEntire time

Cabin CrewAfter 30 minsEntire time

10% PaxAfter 30 mins

100% PaxEntire time

Table 15 Safety Equipment Requirements

Pax SeatsFire Extinguishers (Of which BCF)Crash axeMegaphone /deckFirst Aid Kits

7-3011

31-602 (1)

61-2003 (2)1+1(100