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~ i-., ·C$ mR1 ~ ·~ ~ ~ ~ amfi i-., ~ ~ ~ ~ ~IRbtncl'l

~·~~~1ft. ~I 'lffi ~-tfl'·~·ll ~·Tfml q~ct: ~·~

31f~&f)f'! <til ~ 'il ·~ -~ tt ~ Rttltte ·~ S4~tq~II;A) ~ <til qRtft~if>

~I·~ lN ~ CJft 3fi<H\JI ~ i1R 1906 ~.ll ~ cftl ~Oil'~

S&f 'GfiJ ati\Rctit·~ "Nt ~ "Pt~;c:e ol ·~ ~ ~· ·lR ·~ WE'ffi(Uf ~ .q 'ti"P<.>ft'll

3W{f ~I ~ ~ q~~ ~ "1R>icf51 q;r attfft1!1f1N· ~; \iff 3Wf ~

~em fllffiR~ ~~~I t'fi ~·· ct>l~te ~ ?.R, ~ ~ 1916 t. ~ ~ ~ '(1'11ttl'! st'(1tRC1 fcm:rr I ~ '«'11ttl'< CfffifCf ~ ~ ~ ~

'<I~Rt~ -ij;-qHon&J ~ ~~1·22 ~ ~~ ~~~ ~- arR.

"<ft.~.~ t', ·~ ~ ~ ~ facn1t1 ~ l! Mtti'!Ut Clft ~ ctS6141

23 Y>xq~ 1.920 ~ ~ mat. t-r ~ ·~ -4~<6)& $tAt ~ Jtlib~4t ~ -.\

311RT 'tHfSI~fl ~ lHifi{Uj fcmrr I ~ <flf ~ ~ GT ~ Sl'81'{01 ~

tft~t~4~f-(at?!Rclll) afR"·~-(~~~15) ~ ~sq1·23 ~ ~·~ GIHCflJ:fi

~ ~ ufi. ~ .. ~ -l ~ i, "The first radio programme in Eng.land

was broadcast successfully by Marconi Company on 23rd February,

1 920, from a transmitter at Ghemsford, and a regular service came into

operation in November 1 922, The British Broadcasting Company was

-set~ in 1922-as a Commercial enterprise. u24

~ 00 ~ ~ ·~ RI$H"11fd ~ ~-~c6\~ ~ ~ ~

~ em ~lraiSCf)N ID ~ ~I i?clc@Ptq; ~ ~· ~ atff41Sqjj{j em ~

~CM4cl, ·~ ~ 'ii'!Cf));f) ~ ~ ~ cffl fG"l:rr \iJffiT ~I~~ ftmA $

23

~ atJftliSq)t\(l q>f qtd40flcl Wf>l;;:flll ~ ~ ~ aJtFft ~ ~ ~ 3Flf

~ ·Oct? 4§~i4H -~ ~ m ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ -\ilflil<~t -~ OR:J Rt~i ~

m=cA wrr 1 \:QPtd~~rr cffi" ~-iji!c6la ffi"liT 1l ~ ~-ffilTI cffi" 1f1:·

~Pre~fl'i ·4 q~RJa ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ·\i~R ~-I ~ eft:q, ~ fq.Aq

~ ~ 3fR ~ ~ f4cf11fl -q &itlftrpo ~ ~ ~I wPtct~~ ~ ~

~.·"TO ~'tliifaiT "fl ~- M)q~•i\51 tf(f) em 1ffQ11=f ~I

1916 ll ~.-q <ffl ~ -~ f1f11'q1'< SN11~d ~ \if) ~ ~­

at~~t.t>l -ij; '<1~4RI ~ ~ ~- if1t 1l ~ ~ ~I 'fff11ttl'< "tf?fT ~ YJtR ~

cnt ~ ~ ?_$-~ ~-~ 'tff T.f4ctS'< fQ\JI<'f! ~ ~-~ ~I ~ ,m

~-tm ~t'5fllf1 S31T~~~m~~~~~~~~

mmTI ~I 3Rr: ~ ~ ~ ~ \N~q) fi'11"4N ~ * ~ 1l ~ ~- iffi'r

~TPffl

~ ~~cmflW'i -q ~~ atl!Rcm -q m 1919 -q ~­

.f.Frt:r ml ~ cfit 7ft-~ i:ftt41~tFI ~ atitRCf>l .I ~ ~ ~ c);

~ SttlliOI ~ ~ 'Jfi. 3JJq~\QCbdl '1i3~tf ~ ~ atR lfur. ~ ~ ~Stti51lf -q

~ a1\Sct>lfR:ll ~ ~ ~14""11 sit~ 1920 t- iOG eft a~4Rct>l aTk ~

~- Cf¢f- fcpq· ~ ~- ~-~·-~- ~-Tl. ~-~I ~~ ~-ll· ~~ a~t)ft<fif·

·OW 0\1!~1·\QI~ ~ ti ~ ffii~d ~ ~ ma-~ ~ I ~ ~-:cmm :ij)

4R'1't4'<>·4 ~ ~- 3f'Jj\ct'l4 ~ qftJ ffflcll"iN 1:f ·~~J<;J' ~ '~iRiftex' qft

~ ~ ·q)RlJJ ~s:;ii'Gt«>< ~ ~~ ~ -&l?r ~ aT~ ~ :si I

24

~ ~ 2l.Rt~iEI"l 1922 qij-. fctRi.f -ij) ~· ~· JJit~Nuf ~;):

~~I ~ ·~·~it ~ ~ 1922 l-it~ 51-tii'(UI ~4) ~ ~

~ 1Ti I ~ ~ lff Cf)Af;ft em ~ ·~ ilf'$Cbl~'l Cf)Af4]' en. illG ll. ~ '

·~em~·~ 1'JtJr ~ ~ "1"1q-f\ 1927 em~~ iiG(ititR I~

«1~cnl~'' cnlx«n~""'~' •«!ff 7Rlf, \ill· fitJ!if· ~· ~ 'ti~ttl ~ 'lft .lft:~ .' -ff

1l1«l 1l Wt1Ji(UJ ~. ~ ~ ~ ~-~ tflfaltU ~. tR

:urm~rifi ~ w ~ s-m, ~ ~· ~ ~ wftt'(Or ~ ~ ~ 'JfmT ~ ~

m ~ ~ ~··~ ~ *1*''~"'.., lM ~ ~ "*1'PfT "11m I ~ ~-~

'1-=i1~utrr 3fR ~ iiRI~f'tlllll ~ ~ CfrCk t>Wr anur 1ft 3ftR w:rml ~ ~

CRif\{ ~ ~ t. \flfi llQ5R ~ 192-3-24 ~ 1ft 'Jfffi'J ~ ~ ~ ~ ...

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ fi~)~ut""flfflCfi ~ ~ afR tft~ql ~ tR ~ U'fii'{OI

~ ~ 1. • A mateur broadcasting started in India ·;n November. 1923

with the setting up of a Radio Club In Calcutta. In June 1924. similar

some two and a half hours a day. Due to financial diffiCUlties the

Madras Club dosed down in October 1927: But on 23rd July of that

year, the fwst regular radio broadcasts commenced at Bombay and on

2"6 August a station started functioning in Calcutta . .. 25

25

~- ~- fifhr. WRR cp1. ~- ~- ~- ~- qft. PJ~t1 ~- (f;l

\i~ -~~ ~ tR -~~ ~' ~ ·mta ~ ~ It~ if~ SN'If'<UI

q;r- m 1926 ~- ~- "§3fT· I ~; C6(ricmil; ~ 4 1lf«i· 't1'<4il'< .f. ~

sttJNDI ~-~ ~ ~ ~ ~ cftt ~---# ~ ~ <PT \it;.\fteif

dt'Ct>lt>ftrt qJ!l'ff\llll ~ ~-;) 'fclxrr· ~1"26 1J1'«r 1l-~- Sl'fll\lDI ~ ~

em \3~~ 1!~· ~- ~-;) ~ ·mJ>R.·~ t", ·The Radio Club of Bombay

broadcast its first Programme in June 1923', and· the Calcutta Radio

Club in November 1923. TheTransmitters-were~toaned by the-Marconi

Company. The Madras Radio Club, with a 40 watt transmitter began

transmitting_ on Julr 31. 1934 ......... The Madras Corpora:tion resumed

the srevice on Aprfll, 1930 and continued it till All India Radio too·k

over in 193R"27

'Jiffif -q ~ cnl Pf4~d SNilxDJ 23. Wllf 1927 f. ~ M:

@1 I m:ft -~ ~ ik-oa•nmtft l=UI{tfi'tl S1t.t1xn1 ~ ~~~tl"1 f4J'5(brt€•J ~,

W ~--~f%ll) ~~H Cfir \3<:ft":Uc~ ~ -rrzrr;.· ~ m«r if SHJl'{Oj- -Cfir ~­

~ 'ifi ~ ~ ID ~ lin I ·~ -q Pl4fqd SHili{UI ~ ~ ~ ~

(f)) ~ 1926 .q· 'l:Jl«'f. Hqq>}q 31'R I~ ~r:%4'1 iill'5451~•-l· q>tq;ft' ~ ~

Sll~~e -4>RI41 :ij, ~ ~ Ati~$l~d :ij, ~ lf l!rl+tq -~ "1flfT 1 ~ tt¥1~ :ij)

awfi;r. ~-~ if~-~ C6&1C6't11ll' ~- -ij,. ~- ~- ~- ~ &tl~fl~ fGm

11m ~-I dt;.j"'HR ,. 23 ~. 1927 tffl ~ ~ <m \iJ1.EfiC.~ ·RPm Tim 1•28

~- ~-liS(ffi· ~-~~~-~-~ q;) \jffffl·~. ~-31 ~-1924 wtt ~~- 4i~H\J1"1 ®t4Rs+fi 1PT Sltli"<Df ~ CJR. ~ ~ll ~ lf ~~ 'q'<"

26

10 t$ci~qte ~· ~ ~·lR l/4 f<h<>flqle -ij). ~ifl41e-< wrnr ~~ ~· ~

~ ~ anil:fq; tbfd1il~~l ~ CJiRUT SH"fi~Ot"-~ "fRt ;fflJ ~ ~I ~

iffq. S4'ffl'tUI1rRcl'ift4f ~· crrc). ~··of·~·~··~· ctftl ~· cf;tAt. cttr

~ ~ ·~1t~""' §IJ.<Sit>tf'k:"' ~ R>1ftte6' 1 ~ -l 'iJffif tt'<<m\! ~ cll~~tt

srJ1(f ~· ~ ~· ct>)clct51dl -q ""~ Fcbt>ttqle @ffif' ~· fft~=ll'"f' mr ~i'ff4le'< ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ 55-55 f<bt>f\4\e'< ~ ~· .q (f)lt\st5'1 ~ "fT ~ tl-1

~· tt1MStt?e•r Cf)+Cf~ em· attr-ft· 0111f· ~ ~· 1(§£1€1! clt~:fllf! ~

~ amJ ·1R tt· ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ll·· ct5At4\ (1•11ol'< ~ 1l ~

C1lft1 iPtQ*fl-;f 1m0 tt'<Cfil'< ~ atjm., ~ fcp ~ ~ atrfl!Cf) ~ ll ~.

~ 1jffi" ~ "$ ·~ ffiil?l~ $1'4t'll ctft 3ffq~lfct5dl t I 1Tim ffiil?l'( "" Cf)l'q;:f)

~~~if WfR ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ attx JW'f ~ ~ ~

Pill~OI -4 "W{ ~ •. \NfCPl ~ ~ ~ ~. ~·~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

~ atR -w:r .~ qij "flTq ~ 1=fl?r '£ Cfj+q;:fl qft ~ -q· ~ ~ "WJR

'"1tf -san, Cfj+q;:fl 'Cf)l mc:r. ~ q;r ~ E~"TI w 1 ~tt~~ t~'<Cbl'< ~ 9 ai~ai'<,

1931 em ~~4"1 ~ df\SCiltfR!Jt ~ CPT ifG q;x ~ ~ tt~~o11 ~ 1 fi'<Cill'<

~ ~· ~· tR ~. 1l. ~ \SltKt\'1. StRifai~ ¢, ~ISio41 CIQI41~ Cflf. ~ lFf 1l

~ ~ g3TT I 3.imf:" 'tixcf>Jx q;) \iFi:ttd ~ ~ ~ ~ $ 1H1NDI-OO

JM Cfllll. ·-ij). f<;rq ~ ~· Q>l Fl~i'lll ~· ~ 1 St·ttl'lUJ if.~· ctft. Rt"tiiltcft

Q?) .~ ~ ~H<f)r~ ~ 4>AR\ ~ f&<fjR"f ~ .~ 4o ~ m ·~ atR ~

tff.~•. Q\S'"f~'R cnT ~· '~lcl'< aiN;. it\SCffl~•t' ~ fclxrr lfllT I "By

193.4 the..Go.vernmentof lndiahad come.to.;the.conclusion thatitcouJd

undertake extension· and development plans for broadcasting, P •. G.

27

Edmunds was appointed the first COntroller of Broadcasting ih

1934."29

'ff~Cfjl~ ~ 5 ~· 1932 :em ~ Pt~ ~ ~ .·~ ·~ •P<P

·~~ll'i ~ §lt\S<PIReJf ~· ~ ~· "Gfltt· wr· ~~· tffiJ· ~ ~ ~··

~ ~ ~ rt' ((9if1\( ff'(Cf>h! ~ ·~ Ptll~OJ ·~ ~ ~I ~ ~~ctl ~

~ ~ ti'<Cf>l'< ~ ~· 3lif· ~ 3flq~lfq) ~ l"Jm· fct> cj)q;ft ~ 3fm·lf· ~ ~· ~·

~ ~ ~ ~ ·~ mm ~I awl·~ ~-~ ~· ~'<l61'< ;l !41¥1)4)~'1 RctHosl

om ~--M 1R m ~ -q. 50 51RI'Ict ~ ~erR ~ 1 ~ lfi<>ttq'M4

§lf$tt51Nit•i ~ ~ 3f1'1G~ "'~ ~ m ~I "In August 1935, Lionel

Fielden of the B.B.C. arrived in India to take up his none-too-easy

assignment as Controller of Broadcasting.•30 '<l¥'f~~~~ fcr~ ot~

~ '3114SI~Iqlofl' -q ~ ;affi& ~ WfflX ~ t". ·~ 1953 -q. ~

dJ\SCblfR~I Cblxq)~.~FI ~ ~ 31f?t.cm't1 ~ clJll"cl \ffi&;'i mw. ~.I ~.

30 aT7JRf 1935 em $~l(>N atftp dJ'ISct>lfR•t q;r ct>i4lilx ~ttlclll ..... u 'lJR'a'

tNCflli( ~ch~clx w~-qcpaTWrCfllmcltr ~~J4t1J'<01 w~·2o ~

m ~ i4•N'~' :eft 1"31

8 Ufi 1936 ~ ·~~ll'1 ~ a~J&ctSil?bt ~·em "W1 dG{iicrH

'aik>J ~· ~· ~· Tflfll ~· ql{. l \.Jf""tq;ft q;). ~· ~ a:Rf lN'fNUJ

·~ .fcm:rr 11m I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ if st ~ Sf'HJi(OJ ~ ~ t­

~· 1f. H.G: PUblication (Regd.} ~· Jupiter series ~· akMo 51Cf)ttlm

Mass communication Journalism (manual)~ f<\q'I(UJ·~ :rrlfl i ·~ 11The

28

Radio club of Bombay broadcast its first programme in June 1923. In

November, H123 the Calcutta Radio, And on 31st July, 1923 the

Madras Radio Club started Broadcasting; But it soon closed down.

·However the· Madras, Corporation ·restarted the· broadcast~ng servia& in

1930."32

~csqsti ~ flf>. ~~~ .q. ~~stttr•<or cm ~Rtt5t'H 1926 "ff ~ mm· *'' ~. Cf5<'1<t>ttt ~ ~ '4 c;qfffl~l{"t ~ ~ ~· ~tlf'11 ~ "lft· ~I ~ ~ ~

C>QqtfJ!fm -.r ~ Sftf('(O( ci;tAf l'ffao ~aT~ 3f'R-~ l'ftff'(U( W:rr ~ ~

eft I lS26 ~. 1} tft mffi ffiihl'l- ~ ~ Sl't1N11J cf;tAt q;) ~ 1} l'ltfl'<111 ~

~Jttlct ~ Cffl <:11!;lif'ftt ~ fc1;m I ~ ~ ~ aiR ~ l@ffl ):ltf('(O( 23

~ 1927 em m (~ ~ san 1 ~ l'lfftR« f<l;'trr ~ iil\Stt51~ 1 ' ~

.J1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ em \1G141e"1 dR6tcll"1 4t~fl''llq ffit ~ ~ ..

ffmu 2111•33 ~· EUG. "fPT t4eelmxot ufi .. ~-~ 'lfi. ~. f. ·oe1hi Statjon

went on the air on New Years Day 1936. The same year, on Junes,

The Indian State Broadcasting Service was redesignated 'All India

Radio'.•34

~. ~~~~~ :ij, ~ .(f))<>t4'Hdl ~ (ffl \14EIIC"1 ct("q)Jcll"1 ~

:&"'icll ~4tH ~ ~I ~ \3Ci£11e~ ~ ~· 26 arlffil 1927 ~. cffi. iftlR.n. -q

"ftl''lt'll:il!~clfe'"i :em Wttl:ii!OJ S0TT ~I ~ m ~ qij Slt~flfq> ~ ~

~·. ~· ~· lff tt"ttf.41'<~crite~ ~ Vitf tl. lllttiR~ ~· Cffl ~ RTt<f i I

29

~ 1930- ~. ~ 1fl"ffi 'tFlC6N ~ "CFf ~· Ji?UCH~ · -l S1'<11'<01 f6T at~Cffi'< arcR·

~ tl ~ sq ·~~Yi ~ df;gcf)f~l ~· 1lPfC5 ~ wtH'<UI q;) Pf:qllt~

~ ~· ~ PcPml ~ ~· ~ ~ Cf))(>}Cffldl ~ ~ "Cffl"d. ~·~I

~ \14tt>'1 ~ ~ +retPt~ttlif> R>t~14ct <61t"S"1 ~·I ~ ~ if>T ~ awl

'dcttb''f ·m ~· ~· m TflJT 1 w -.:rm ~· a 'ff- 1936 em ~ ~

~~4r ~f%4)' ~ "GIT"f w ~ Cflt ¥ 1935 t. 1f at'<mt"ft"1 ~ R~ttH1 ~ 1f

-qcp ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ s{·~l a~tt"ft"1-~-R4t'tfd -.1 ~

~ em '3ttCf)tttqtoft' ~ ~ t!U 1 ·~ ~ 3tt\ilrc: san m ~ 1ss7 -if

1ffiiT tNcm'< ~qfl ~i•to'lcm 4'111 att<m~rqton ~~. vrr ~ R<tJttRt$

~ m ~- ~ ~- at'Ul<tJ'1 ~ ~ ~ t-· ~- ~ 1l

JHll\l 01 3RI ~· qft "ffiB ~-~ tfifih:qJ tlR ~ ~ Yl41ftlq; ~ .q· ~

san I ~. 1f. gq ~ S1'<1J\!DI ~- -:crm. Vf(l. 'lfffil. ~ ~ -a) ~ -qq;-~

~ afrx &~4NG1"1 q;r m 11AT lfm 1 ftR:r ~ ~ ii~Hvt""l af17 3Rt

•1Rtlil~4f ~ ~ ~ ~ ~. 3TJVT 1ft 3flT'l wnffi ~ 3flT'l ~ ~ CfR:d

·~. \nfi ~ ~ 1923-24 1\ li\ ·~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~.-3tR ~

't;fl~\J1"11tiiij) ~ ~· ~hlffi:qJ. ~ lR ~· UflNUi. ~~I ~ ~ ~ ftp ~

1923-24l. ~ ~ ~ ~;) 5t m ~('lctW a164it~ .. , ~ <PT ~

30

~l:l'11~, ftl~15fG \i11'1c61~lli ~ '1'1l'li\Jict> 5f'Hf~Uf 5f'Tl{f qmrr. ~I aFlf· ~

'"fltiQSO!l ~ ~ ~ ~ 'iffi ~ am:ffi .. '"ft'.R"Cf'!U~ it 5f'&Qfd ~ ·~ ~·

~ 'f14t<:i47 ~· ·~ ~· ~· ~ ~ ~· ~ ~· ~·~-- 6RR=i6 ~·

am atll"#t~fqJotl -ij; ~ (ifi ·~ ·~ 1)eqfffi ~ ~i "~ ~ ~ ~

f?J~tlf<'lt· 'tf· ~ 1fAID• t ~· ~ ~-~- ~ ~-~ t. em- t ~· ~

Rr5ttfiict><tl ~ ~ '"fl't4'1 ~ ~· qfmq'<ot afR·lf§· em ~ ~ <tR ~ 1

"1TCCP W '"fJQpt· ~. ct7¥fe*fi· W ~, ~. ~. ~, ~. '1\~~ ~MMr ~

1fl'&flf "fl-. ~. q;fittrr Q'JT.R *' ~ ~ Wfffi' * ~~<~~ <1ft 41d!ill<'11 t ,.36·

'{l>~Ri't& ~~~=n1. ~ <l ~ '<1"1'11~Cf> m. cl~+rWi ~ ~

~ "lfq ~ tlll:fl('(tJI"{ $ at"jtii~J ·~ ~ ~ * ~ 'Cfl~Jlll atlcbl~lqfUfl ll 1ffl+f 1ft ~ 31tt at l<ffl~fCII ofl -ij;-~ at jtf'aF1 ~ ~ * 1ft ~ CPf ~

1=fTcm ftrffi 1 ll fP=tStat ~ f~ 1} ~ ~ t m W:rrG ~ q;ffi t. ~ em ~ ~ f. ~ ~ ~ lR ~ am ~ ~ yf}jljJ em ~ 3fix ~

cp;ffi f ~ ~ ~ f I &flct>ci?l WCf>qtoft ~ ~ flldq; ~ m lTCPffi I

~(fiCJtoft m4f 3114iFlfq1Dft '11'6a'"f ~1ft ~&Qa mat: f..~ W '1FAT ~ fc):r

3HCfJFUQIDft ~~~~~~~~-~1ft~-~·~~~ .ar4)

~ at1Cf5t~Jqfuft em· 4§'4'11 ~I 1iffif· ~. lT· "Gil 3fJCf5t~fqfOft ~ Oi.lT ~· ~ ~

5f't1P<O~~ :fl ~ t. ~ ·ClffilCt ~ \i4:st)U>IaiT ~ ~ :fl ~ WI1Vl ~

~ c;flq;tbl q;r 5fJOftlttt i; ~ lllWffiT ~ IH37 ]Of(§Qf(i ~ ~ ~ ~ -ij)

31

~. II~ q)(>ifq)J;(f cpf ~ ~ ~f"(d(N ~· 1f. ~· ~· M1R·· if.

Qffij)f$ltQfUf\ :c€f 'Jj\~ij)f ·~ "'f6i'Qifli ~ ~:1 Qffij)f~fqfUfl ·aRT lfi q;fct '{q91ibF~)

~· ~'t.f'iiQ; ~·· ~ ~ ID 1lt t•3a

311Cf)Pttqfufl ~ ~ em att~rts.a m -ij;- row· \ffi(ffl ~ ~

·~ ~ _nEf§\1191~1~, ~~\11.-.~J~Ja ~ ~. ~ 4 ·ri" q;f ~ ~ ~

ancffi~1WAT em qR=qlJ f'tctot ~ 1· mm· ~ ~ stflt~ot c$t ~· -ij; ~ ~ ·

~ 'amr ~ ~- ~ Pl4'51<t> ~ <>tttti)<'f <tlw;~ "' ~ ~. "PI~'t.f:tt tt

1fffif ~ ~'"<:1 ~ ~ stflt'<ot R;to;fl ~ ~ ~ ~. ~ m ~ ! ~

~ ~ flCf)ol t; m=r=rr ~··· "'t'C4"1 ~· Cf5\!" ~ r•ag ~ "iif'ffi 3f{\;f .qr

~: \RAT tT ~ cPfl1Cft ~1 R;ta4) f$ 1935 t. "$ ~ttt4ttt ~ 1 •Many

people think radio is the fastet-moving, most up-to-date, most

portable medium available in any location from car to kitchen. They

perceive newspaper news· as ·togging behind radio and television. •4o

1lffif -q· ~Q~&l "A ~ ~ ¥=flUI'iT if ~ $1~f'(Of ~ -mTffi" ~ ~I

1ff«r ~ ~!lll~ <rn-1l; ~-~ m-"$1 fa~~eJI~- fad:SiH 't vnff· W'f~

~ CJ.ft * a~m 6lWf q)l=f t. .Ql)lfl £PI ~ ~ 3tR .~ ~ if

3114>1~fqtuft ctft. ~· l16tqiaY ~c#f i I ~· fch11<:1 ~ ~ wft ~ em •FJ)~\iF"J '3~6\fl ~. \J11<;:JCf5Jofl ~ .afR ·~ ~ fcl~llcl ~ i; ~

atfctH~fqfUfl-.1· "f~tQ'j\Uf 4)SJGI'1 ~ i I

3fl4>t!t1qtufl ~· ~· ~·· Ri:t)tifdl ~ ~ ~· ~ SifltRd 4>t4w"f

·em ~ ~, .··~ -m ~ '41,. q)"f tf<JT-~ m Pt«ii! ~ 1ft ~<rt<mt

32-

~ ~ i. \Jfilfcp. tt'ilifl'l lffi cm tm-~ ~ tft "Wm ~~I~

m +t'llillx4?tl em "JRfR ~ ~ -~ ~ _:aq) ~ 4t~a tJ ~ Wttlxuf

~- + aw:r-~ ~- OQ)· ~ atR ~tflfaq · ~ ~- em lflqfltJCf> U'lftq:w&t)

~ iR l'Jllll ''311it>r.ttQIUTt -~ ~ ~ ~ uiT -~ lR 311"11~tl ~I -~

em ~ · C'Pll· o:rtl- 3Tiq;;rr-~, ct4ifcb ~. ftr~HT ~T 'A l'f ltf l'<r em lf~Uf~'f"· lelf.!r·

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~~~-lit ~~afrt-Jq~Q!-1--+il"?'t~ t1 ~atltt~m. ~-~mm---~~-'4t

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~ 'Jiffifi--~- Jlct>~~ <Pt4w'f t-1-lWfiUT VR'ffi ~ ~ ~ ~--~- 3JT3r

~-~~tt•42

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~ ~ fcm:rr \JlT ~ 1 ~ ~ -q· Paul Chautler -.l aw;fi ~ 'Basic

Radio JournaHsmi ~ ~ ~-, "Radio is probably at its best when it is

'live' or reacting to an event happening 'now' ........ Radio works best

with news. stories. which require- a quick reaction. .. ........ -Radio is- the­

best medium to- stimulate the- imagination-; By doing what radio does·

best- getting on the air from a scene quickly-and describing the event

so tKe listener can visualize what is happening- you are using the most

powerful toots-you possess: immediacy and imagiry ..... Radio is-a very

personal medium. The broadcaster is usuatly speaking directly to the

listener ........... Radio also allows the full emotions of the human voice

to be heard, from laughter through anger and pain to compassion. •51

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·iVt~~. Tt -aFff em ~ +i4.lot\JJ'1 ·~ "Gfilr eft ~ ~ xmG &fti'<ji'H 'lR"ff ~I.

tWff ~ fl••iH \il'1 ~ ~ clt~~~ w ~ ~ 3 at4t;/-''< ~ 1957 l- "fl" 'fclfcm

~· -mn ~<AT 11t it·sa ~ >r<Pm artte«: ~ ~ W:r -q ~ t,

"iPJl=f ~ IDXT ~ ~ m tt>'4t-tt>'4t iPJl=f m ~.1ft~ +i'1)i\i1'1 ~ ~

'fR'ffi ~ I ~-~ ~ ~· t): p 7fR !J'11'11:oi Wlffi. ~ oT ~ ~ '"IIUi'il

~ ~ ~ ~lq!ll!C#dl ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ tl ~ ~ ~ arR

. ~4 1159 ~ Slct>I~H ·crt'{~ ·~.I

43

Wful 'i~)~\iF1 Cf5T ~ 'i6ttlflf ~ ~I fcrJICl' ~ ~ ~ -q ~

m ~ "ff'4T ~.-q ~ ~ -.:r ~ ~ -q ~Q'it~ l1 ~em~

~ ~· ftff ii"'th\11~ ~ -ij;- •tfd¥1~ uftcR em atfq,~c:n atrr ~ 3fix ~ ~

lfltllll ~ ~ ~· cffl 3f~ClJ'ffi m em~ t, 3Rt!~ "Cf)T Sftfi'(Oj

3U01~1qfofi &m atPfqiU ~ ~ fc);:m UJffiT ~I ~ ~ i1'Rf ~ ~ SH'fh!DI ~

ol ~flft\C!df Jl1l<f m -ij, ~· tfJif'tf1i(l, '(i)4f('41(f) (f)JUSf5+'tl "Om ~ Sf\Hfi(Dn ~

~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 attctw~tqt~ ~ ·~-'Jfffifi mrr' ~ ~ ~ ~ +t"'1l~G1~ ~· t un ~ ~ ~ ~ <>t\tcnfSill t"-t •am;r 'i4t~Gt~ ~

~ ~ ~ ~ m -q \34cli£1 m ~ t, ~ 311C61"CIIDft qft '~(f)l 3TTUf

1ft cr$'<4 4fct' ~ ~ \JiiffPjC: Ill ~ mrr lff ~ 1ft ~ I 23 ~ 1927 <ffl "ffi

~~~em P.U, ~ ~ ~ CZJI4C# ~ ~ ~ ~ xi10Jiq~' ~

~ ~ I '+Tffif -ij; <i'{G'< I \JI -ij; "riTcff -q ~ Gl1P1 ~ ! I Ril~ q;) ~ 'IN -ij; Cf5Tl1 ~

~-ij}if1Gllll1C61611 ~-~cl41dl t1 ~~4~41'< ~· Ril'f14> 'ti<atr

fll'iiRJIC# tRwaiT -ij; '(f;RUT 3TtA ~ "fl' ~ Jiofl~\JI~ -ij; ~ -.:nff \jfl ~. ~

c;rTriT -ij; ~ sttll '<a 1 ~ q'{ c:t"i ~ 6l1JT 1 iio:fl ~\11"1 ~ fmn GFff 1ft -ij;-~

·~-~· ct>IUU>¥1 Cffl ~ Wet>~~ t I ~ Ct>IUtb+t -q m 3{q;fi m q;)

~ ~· gm '<j~Ch'< q;rgft Sf1fli4d IDm ~I ~ ~ Ji"'t)~UI~ CJft ~ ~.

·~ ~·, 'q:;r,..~· I ·~· ~ c:ntthP'i ~ 'ii5tt~JIUf t 1 ~ at faRm

44

~ Cfflf · 1 ~ 1i I '<ffl t1 Wfm '<1Ul (>1 '1 1 Cffl" 3114)\il'"f atlij)l!tlq I oft GRT ~ ij;

~ 1illTI :q ·rcnm \jfffil i J \if6j m ~lH ~ ~ ij)(>ilq)l'ii cm ~ -wrn ~-'

~ ~ ~ ~tuRq; ti't<PI~t q;r m ~ ~ "'<1fq ~ ~ w

~· ~. Rltt1fl ~ ~ em ~ ~ mor ~I ~tuRq; tit<Pt'< Cffij(f:

cflq; ll ft«:r-1, lFR atR \1:0:\lG tfli&J ~ 'mCAT ~ tiEi~d mm t I ~'ill'< ~cl

Gf'1'<1'jGitl Cffi m ~ Gf'1'<1'jGitl t w m ~, w:rNr ark ~ -ij;

EJR ~ *~'<t"ti'IciCb f<tr.IN-:-~Pi'ill <fiX ~. ~~ <fiT Pt~l\(OJ <fiX ~I

C1'ffifCf ll ~ifJRC6(11 ~ ~ ~ ~ em Pt%1f~q; ~ i I 3FR atlq51}llqJuft

~ ~em cm ~ ~ ~ att~R9(1 ~· ~ ct>)~t'lf CIR m ~ 'tffi1 ~ t ~

1fffi=f ll UR-uti1JRI $ ~ ~ ~ "f5tQ'!u\" ~~~I

1H«f ll cllq)d?l ~ Wt>'ldl ~ tft'S ~ atfCf)f'tfqfUft ~ ~451 ~

~ ~ ~ \ill ~I q~ct: t14¥¥i{'11 ij; Cf)RUT w ~14101 ~

~~~d- ~ -q ~ atfq7plfqtoft fP11'i1N1 ~ 3Rr i(j\il"fl4\{q; Cf7fdstTsTI ~

tf~ltldl ~ ~ O"CP '1~'1d'1 '<iil'11q 4~1ill ~ 3fR ff.KR, ~~iF1 ~ ~

~ ~bd~flt ~ qmft ~ 1 ~ m 311CbPttqtoft 1lffil ~ \:iR-~ ij; ~Cf;ttf

-q ~ ~ ~ '<15~1·ft Xift t, ~ ff.RR-lFR ~ 'fti'11Ritq; ·~cpl iFiTl;

RJH!f~ q~OII¥1~~t:( ~ anr:t· ~ \'Ct·Q~(>f (!~:,~raft t.f ~ ~-~ ~·

m ~ Clii4Cb f4ffian ~ ~ em ~ "ftCPT I ~ ~-t\-~ 3114>PllqtUfi

q;r ~ 'j 41G 1'1 'lfffil ll ~lffi ~ ~ ll ~ q;JQft W t I

45

~- tifcl~H -q· 6 ~·14 eN oq;- ~ ~- -cm Pt:~(>(t) fbm ~ ~

iffit ~ -~ i:; ~ ~ 6+TR ~ em ~ i. fcf> ~ ~ ~~t<fl ftTan

\jq(>f~ ~- -q· ~ a1'8lbcl ~ ~I 311ft-1ft- Yt4lilt ~-~ at~q;j~ ffiTf ~

atR ~ ;j ~ f I ~ ~ ;j ~ \JI'itiGat 31~~ Cffl ~ '1t'~'flf

"q):RUJ ~I ftre-I cffi" ~ 3TJ11 ~ ffifi qg=qt4 -q ~ at'fflfi<H ~ ~I lfCfi atR fbm

mt{f ~ ~--~ -em ~ lR (>fll1 f¢m \Jffffl i ~ ~ 31R ~ lfffi

tittt~'i ~ ~ ~ i fGttt~ ~ -ij fbm mt{f ~ 1\ ~ ~ ~I ~

~ 1\ '1!· ~- iRi3IT 1fFAT t, • The-eeucational role-of radio- its-abilfty

to bridgs the. literacy barrisr was S99n early enough. While the accent

of all AIR programmes- whether for the general listener, or specific

groups like farmers, women, ch11dren, students·, teachers or industr1al

workers, is on education in the widest sense, some· programmes are·

planned with a specific educational objective. •61

fmn ~ >mR -q ~ cGf lj;~Cf)l Jit'tQ'lui t I fmn q;) Vl~i(d4G1

Gcr> q§:qt4 m-~ "GJT artttR ~ fcm:rr TfliT t-. ~ 3tl4wltqtoft crft- '14ll)fl'tm

cffl ~ ~Cf)l'< ~11m t"l ~ ~ '1..fl~\JI'i ~ ~-~ ~ ~ ~

fmT ~ "SRrR 4 'fl6t~q; m ~ t; -uTI a~..n4iltRq; fmn ~ Wl& \1t~t~l 4 ~

~I ~ Cf>Tlf 4 311Cf)I~JqJoft ~ '1Ptq;J ~ \i44)~ft aft'<- Jitttq'luf ~I

311Cf>I~JqJoft ~ ~ afR ~ ~ 1JTUm ~J 310: ~ ~ lfiUJlJ ~ ~

ibm em 'STflR cffl1~f \14tJ)Jff ~ ~-~ i 1 atlct>Ftlqtoft· ~ ~ ~ ifiX.IT -~

~-~ em 4>tlfw'1 S4'ft1Rct fcm:rr \ifRIT i I ~ ~ SfOIJ <.>ft -.f ffl ~ anAT

~-~ W -qcp J16=ttl'!'lf ~ ~ ~ i I ~'tfi~c;: \iff. ~- ~ of

46

atiCf>l!tlqloft "ij) Cf>l4wJfl' "sl '¥R iii\SCf>I'<"C' "ij) ~ tR ~ ~ ~ ~ !,

iiEvery station originating school broadcasts prepares very elaborate

gnd ~om~tim~~ w~ll got up pamphlets and brochurs with one sent in

actvancjt tQ listeping s~.)1QoJs .... S_o.rne_ of the_ storie.~_, s!<its., pJays. trayel

talks~ quiz programmes and magazines programmes in which

contribution of one who listens regularly to these programmes for

some length of time, will be that they suffer from unimaginative

handling.•62

3f1Cf>i:tlq1Uft ~ 31~1~{1 ~-~ ~- if~=(>ffaff ~ ~, ~

G%TT fifR11'1l ~ ~I atq(ffl~ :mta .. 11'1R(f)1 ~ ~ ~ 31WT~ ffi6 ~

Cf>14lf14'1l Cffl· f.!tl:rtoT fcmn' "GJffiT ~I fmrr "$ ~- "sl 311Cf>l~lqfoft Cffl ~5'ttttiof

3fCfGFf lfRT VJT ~ ~I q'ffifq ~ ~ q;r uiT ~ ~ i' <flfi ~

atlct>l:tlq1oft fm:rr em 1ft ~ 1 fm:rr em ~ ~- ~Cf51'tf atR qRqtf"f, CliRb(tf em

i"aCf>lti afix f4qsN ~ qRqcl"fl ~ l"act>t'ft afix qRqef~ ~ atiCf>l:ttqtuft ~

~6fQ'iof- ''JP!Cf>l i1 ~ atl~-cpf- w ~-W ~ ~~iFCf>l4w+fl· q;r Pt~fot

aJICf)l:tlqloft ~ fclxu \JfRIT ~ I ~ Cf)l4w+fl "ij) ~ ~ man '(f)) ~

fcr;<:rr VJTffi ~ I at I Cf)l!tl q I oft ~ ~-JRJR Cffi ~ ftrY; 3flq I \it ~ I . 3J1CI'l'YJ $

lfiWf 'fl ~ ~ cffl ~ ~ 311f-1 3TJtJ -q ~ ~ '16"fQ'!!'i ~ ~ I

wo:r-tTA, qRql'< ct><>'4101, ~. ~ q;r t:fT<ifl-~ ~

~- '(f)) ~-fmr Cf)l4w'i ~ ~ :tllf?f<>t ~ \iJTffi ~ 1 lftcJ ~- -ij)

~-~,. GJI•Iqtwf1,. Qtj41cl"f atft ~ ~ ~-I ~ ~- iiTcl -st)dlaO ~ 1jCil

47

.mmaif em 1ft ~ m -ij;-~ "ff ~ ct>J4sf>..rf q;r ~ fclxn \ifRIT i I

3UCbl!tlqJtifl "Cffi ~ CbFQwii fctffi)_ -.=f. ~ ~ -q arq-;) man cffl fltfa:id "CfR"ffi

t, ~ crrat m m 41lCI'eli. ;ncq; m: m q;m;ft m ~ 'Hilfllfi;f)l\l m m

GJta±fta, ~ 4it4A'lii ibm-~ ~ tt~tl!Ch 'EFfffi ~ 1 a'ilffif ~ stfii'<Ot Cht4w..O

~ Sfl~~qs qm;r ~ ~ ·~ iti~CJ;Ite' tR ~ ~ "GffilT t I ~ ~ l;

41<fflw"''l em &lA .q ~ ~ ~ ct>llfti?JOfl Cffl Sftfh!DI ~ \JfffiT t t•63 ~

Rfll\lDI ~ ~ tR ~ ~ ~ 1.1· ~. ~ ;\ 1&JT t. •The twin ,.

objectives of Educational broadcasts viz; er:lrichmet:lt of the-studet:lt

and direct teaching of the syllabus have- always been seen as

complementary; Broadcast for secondary schools are mainly syllabus

oriented.•64 •AIR's broadcast for rural listeners, and its considerable

output of farm broadcasting are- good examples of what may be -

described as non-formal education can hardly be over-emphasised if

omrremembers-th~rfact-tharso percent-ofthe·world's-illiterates·come­

from lndia.•es

~ -.q ~j(j)j~j(lj~ ~ ctr ~ ~ 6lt ~-~ ~ ~

~ ~ ~ ~. uro1 ~ ~ ~-cimq 41~4Rct> -qci ~ ~ ~ ~

~ ~ flliji~Cf> ~ ~ ~-l1ftZlil ~ artR em \J1\I'$dl i I ~ ~ ~

'Jfffif ~ ~ cm, $11'1~$11'1 ~ ~ ~ffil'< ~ m q;y ~ cm ~

~I ~-~ -q, ~Cf>l'tt em ~ ~-fcmR ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .q 1ft

48

~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ 3ftFft ~~Rt><t> m ~ ~ ~ ff«Fr ~ 1FFf em

~ <iR ~ t I \ill wJ1a ~ ~~ OTCRR ~ 'fi61!1Cb EFffiT t I ~~~ 1iRO Cffl ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1947 q;) \JIIcl~N 1l ~ "ll1IT ~ ~

Rtiiil'< 194 7 q;) ~ ~ ~ em \icp:ue~ ftm:rr "ll1IT. ~ ~ 1948

q;) ~~·I'< tl ~-ffiTIT Cll"(>fT ~~~gall. 1948 tl ~ ~ ~ ~

tl SN1J'<UJ ~ '<jfct•r;uan Cffl ~ fct'Rtl'( gaTT 111 66 ~ ~ 1=) ~ ~ ctft ~

23 ~ 1927 cffl ~I ~ cfflc Cffl \1Ci€11e~ 1fflO ~ d('(t;lt'ft~ ql~tNI~ mt

~ "'" fcm:rr I ct>clct>ttl ~ <tft WftRT 26 3FffiT 1927 q;) <tft ~. Ril'flct>l

\1Cit41e~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Jlcm~ sf ftm:rrl 10 R:idEI'< 1935 cffl ~

R~l'fid ~ 3flct>l~lq1Uft ~ Sl'fil\(01 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~I ~ ~ ~

s:t'fiJ\(Uj Clft !{!m 1 \iHqoft 1936 ~ qft Tftl ~ ~ '~f%;q~ ~

§11~ct>IR"e•i ~· em ";ff1l ~ CiR 'ath;r ~ ~· ~ 11m I Qtf 1938 ~

2 ~ q;l W8F1di ~ 16 'f1 em ~ ~ ~ em \1Cit41c'1 PcPm 11m 1

l""f Sll~~ct> ~ ~ atRtRm -qc;n (26 \11'1q-ft, 1948), q;c;q; (28

\11'1qoft, 1948}, ot~d'fl'( (16 g)'(q;ft, 1948}, fllcli•l (01 ~. 1948}, '11·1~'<

(16 ~. 1948), fcl\11~QI'$1 (01 RtiEI'<, 1948), ~ (16 RtiEI'<, 1948),

ilt1161iiiiG (01 Wxqift, 1949), 3f611Gii!IIG (04 lll"'tf, 1949), ~lxql'$ (08

\11~qfl_, 1950), '<I~~ Sf'fii'(Uj (18 ~~ 1988), 'J:cfltt'< ~ (08 a$;r, 1989),

qJ~•Icl(02 ~ .. 1990),. ~ {01 ~? 1993),. ~- {13 ~. 2000)

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ wm--mn:J ~ ~ ~ tJ

49

tqd?ldl-~ ~ ifiG ~ §l ~; ~ cp)<"'Chldl ~ ~ ~ 26 3flT«l1927

<J>1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ st:ai'<OI ~ ~ 1 \jf~q;{)1936 ~~~I ~

m ~d?lctt ~ wf 2 ~ 1938 cm <"'&""la> ~ ~ cflf 16 'ff q;) ~

~(~)~~~~I "15 ~ 1947 q;) ~ q;r ~1\JI""I ~ ~

ifiG 3 ~ ~ 41Fch«il"1 qft 'fltJrr if ~ ~. ~ ~ ~. ~. ~:tiJq\(,

afR GTCm I ai'R'f ~ ~ ~ ~ ~I q){>tqffiJI ~I ~I {>1(9"1\i) afR

Rt~R.illi4R>fl ~ ~ ~ ~ 1lffi'f q;) ~I ~ ~ t. "4w. ~. ~GiliEIIG, afi~•IIEIIG afR 8Jas;+il 11

67

~ m ~ ~ ~ ~ fct> 1lffi'f ~ ~ T.JN +i~t""l•l'<l if

~d?lol ~ atiChl:ttqtoft ~ ~ Clft ~~~eft! •The Delhi Station of

the Indian State Broadcasting Service went on the air on January 1,

1936, from the Temporary Studio in 18 Alipur Road."68 ~d?lm-mfta ~

4:tillo 1948 if 26 \JI""Iqil em 'tfG'"1T 28 \JI""Iqil -cm cpc;q;, 16 g)\(q{) -cm

at'io:ax, 1 ~em ~t<"'i•l, 16 ~em .... ~·~~·<. 1 ~tiEl'< em ~"fltQI'$1 ~ 16 Rtit~ll em ~ if atiChl:tlqiUft-~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ·~ 4t~qtftl!

tfl\jf"il ~ 'tt+ilfta GC6 ~ 1WffaTI if ~ ~ ~ st:ai'<OI \M "('11) I ~

~ -.:rrRT if ~ ~ Clft st'<11\l01 ~ crcm ~ 1 <'1&"1\i), ~. q)(l1q)fll,

\illcl~'< ~ at6+1GIEIIG ~ q;) 50 f4>(>1)qlc llfffi Clfi ~ Cfl(>fT ~ iFfTliT

11m I ....-q ~ ~-~ ~ TTq ~ ~ ~-

"GfRl - "GfRl -

~- ~ .... ·1'<-

2 31CR6iil'< 1953

13 ~ 1954

16 Rtiiilll 1954

50

'<1\ilct>)e - lflh1~ - 4 \JI"iq{l 1954

~-~- 9~,1955

~ - ~ 1=Jffii - 22 1ft, 1955

lli'1t>fl- ~'11'Eit>t ~- 16 'ff, 1955

................. ~ iiTG ~ q:qq~ll 4lut"11Cf)lt>t em 3TR1f -mm i I JH11'1!Ui qft ~ ~. ~ 4lut"11~ 1l ~ ElRJ TR ER'f ~ l'fm ~ 1N11'1!01

qft ~ ~ ~ \Ff ~ -q q§:ql~ \itW, uriD Sf't11'1!01 ~ ~ ~ ~ lfr w

en1 31 ~ 1956 em~""~~ qft ~'a qft 1Tt1 ~ ~ ~

qft S4'ftlii!OI ~ tf <frc& c#t ~I ~ ~ aitPld 22 ~ 1957 cffl ~ .q ~

1 oo frhcflqle em -mt cfq- ~itt4k'< Tmi fctmr TTm 1 ........... ~ q:qql!ff£1

4)ut'11 -q 1=ftlll:r otq mrr ~ ~«11'1! em cpJ4m'1 ERTm l'fm mfcl; ~ tfR lR

wrr q;) l'ttii'<OI qft ara1t mrr '34clt£1 m-, ~ affilRJ ur) ~ ~ ~ ~

~ \FJCffl' ~qi(Oj ~ ~ t--

2 ~. 1962

q;)ft411, "1PJI~U\S, 4 GJ"1qifl,1963

q)c!Eclll'<, ~-Ptct>)Eii'<, 2 Uff,1963

~kf)l(l'l, lifill~, 15 ~. 1964

~.\iffi~,

~ , \iffi~,

~I ~\}1)'1!'1,

28~, 1965

23 ~. 1966

23~. 1966

51

\3Ci~te"1 ~ 11m 1 ~ q:qq4f~ lf)"1"11 em qm;r trr 1969 ~ 197 4- ~

l0"1911 ~ -q G) ¥16tQfJf ~ ~ lW- 15 \J191q;ft 1972 em Rlt"i!'< otrr

fflthH 197 4 1l 'ffCfi'1T I ......... 1975-76 'ifft ~ lf)"1"11 ~ 1l C::•rJi•ll ~

~ em \3ct~te"1 rct;m l'fliT 1"69 CJlt 1988-89 ~ ~ G) ~ st'flNUJ ~

~ lW-18 ~. 1988 em~ 1l '<I~~ Sf'fli'(DI mrr ~ 8 ~. 1989 cffl

il~tclll 'ifft '<1"1t~l4l tltcli•t 1l ~ ~ 1 •'<ttsS{)ll stttl'<ot ~ em ~ 18

~. 1988 em "11•1~ ~ ~ il•uqtc ~itt4k'< ~ \i<t~lc"i ~ "ffi'-1 gaTTI•70

at1Cf5F(Iqtofl qft ~ ~ ~ JJfk1Jaif ~ \ifR i- ~ ~ ~

~ }l'fli'(DI i Rif'flc6) ~ 3 3{~~'<.1957 ~ ctft ~I ·~ 1957 1l

all(f)l~lqfUfl ~ tttftfll ~ }lfli'(OJ ctft ~«Sffi'J ~ P!~d ~ cffl

st ~ Ptijh!DI q;fBo:f t, Cfliffaj ~ ~ ~ "Gfl ~ ~ ~ ~ lffir

"tt"clT i fcp ~ atl(f)l~lqtofl ~ ~ aTtFfi 'tl~tlljtfl'< an>fll--3l'"R1T ~ tR

'ttlftflt ~ fc@ttr fctman em ~ cm4wl{i 1l ~ll~cl fcr;lrr I ~ Wll 1l

a!ICf)l~lqJUfl ~ fttmaTI ~ ~ -sl 'Jfi }ll!61~ft<'1 ~&I~ ~ i 3ftt fllftfll ~

'iQ'"t:llt+iCf) at~Cllfffi ~ ~ qft "ffCfm crnT ~'&I~ ~ t I \3GI6'<DI ~ ~

qmf (Talk) q;) 3PR ~ m ~ ~Cf51tt ~ ~ -sl ~-~ qft ~ ~

~'&I~ ~ t I at1Cf5Ptlql~ ~ ttlft~cp Sftii'<OI qft ~ 'CPT Sfl~'"ld¥1 ~

~~-!tl!ii

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54

~~I ~ ~ Slt11Rd cmiTaiT;) ~~llcl tilfS(tl qft fl'<i'.HI qft ~ \J1l .,ffinarr

em ~ ~ ~ "~;fJ><\JI"1 lfGA qmfi t 11177

atlfhl~lqlofl ~ iffii ~ m wR ~ ~ wmT ~ ~ 'i~H\JIYi em

~-+rl?r ~I 'i~~\11"1 ~ ~ ~ ~-~ 311Chl~lqfUfi ;{ tilfS(tlq;j~ qft

'<'tl""llaU q;) '\JI"l-VFI" ('l'q) ~ CJR ~ ~ ~ ll 3ltAT 'i~tQf'\ llt•IGI"1

~ t 1 ·xdl"'Si'11t.T ~ ;{ 1938 1l ct>clctffit 1l lire ~ ~it1iftex -ij; \i<i~le'1

-$ ~ 'atiChl~fqfUfl' ~ ~ qcft 1"78 '11ecffl -$ SN1NUf qft ~'631m -$

~ .q ~. 'i61<fi'< ~ ;{ arq;ft ~ ''Jfffir .q '\JI"l-~· .q ~ ~'

•atlfhPllqlufl qft ~ ~ttlan 1l ~ '1te(f)1 om ~ em ~ ~ t 1

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56

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~1fltft *' ~ iffii em~~~ 11· ~- ~of~ t. •The aim of

57

the external services of All India Radio, is to convey India's point of

view in matters of national-and international-importance, project our life

and -culture -particularly progress tn social and economic -spheres, and

promote international understanding-.•86

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58

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59

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OCf> q§;ifl~l ~ ~ ~ "fl ~~~~ ~ ~ ~I 'm«f -ij) «i\'<G~I\JI

-ij) ~ em ~ ~ ~ £ffiT ~ \if)'$~11•91 atlct>l~lqtuft ~ Gl~tQ em •

-~ qmft nft t tmT ~ ~ mPID ~ 31'&06dl w ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ cpa'<'icr>c;:q ~ ~ t 1 ~ \it>cl& ~-- ~-- 'iRi3TI ~ ~ m rc.xu t. • Akashvani believes that national integration is best achieved by

recognising diversity of language, culture and taste. in our plural

society, rather than by ignoring them. This imposes on it an obligation

to be considerate to all minorities-.•92 ~- ~-tft-~ •attct>lttqtufl Cffl

~ \!I~~ ~ ~ '<I~~ ~ ·cffl Mktri@f <t-u ~ t" I ~ -~ *<i6N

~·"GROT ~ efiT;r. ~ "Cf>l ~ +n'CZJ1l 3tl(f)FtlqJUfl i t•93

1 .(Gt') .(3)- '8iNpflt4i

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60

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~ ¥11+"f14 ~ q)f ~ ~ '15-eql!u\ t 1"94 ~ ~ ~lGiq,'r~ ffl~lfj ~

~ ~ Pt~a'< ~ '6Tffi urr w t?.U 1 "art~ I~ ~ if1G ~ ~ ~(f)r ~

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amm¥tqruft ~ ~ ~ an -rrm 1 ~ \Jfl t;tfbtq CfiT -~ atrQiJSllqtoft •

q;x ~- ~ ~ ~ \RR-~ ~ ~ ~ -em. sl;(iifi'{ a~rifiltlqfDtl. ~ -mft. ~.

~ ";f -~ '@1" ~ ttll~ll ~ CPT :SN1NOI "ijR" U f 1"95 ~ ~ $

1ii!S114l ~- 'tiit<pR!Cf). Qc6)Cf);{UI ~- Slfi\i41 cpl311~f&1 'Ciffi). ~ "?{. ~. ~- ;f.

~ ~ i, • AIR's cultural role is .obvious in the manner it has

popularised music. It has also popularised. music of the north in the

south and vice-versa. AIR . has influenced the growth of regional

language and literature, particularly prose and drama. It has

popularised Hindi, Sanskrit and other classics. Radio has provided

encouragement to folk and regional music and served linguistic and

ethnic minorities by providing special programmes for them. While

encouraging regional languages and culture, it has given a sense of

national news service and other programmes radiated throughout the

country.•96

61

'llffif ~ f4:tllcl afR ~ fltpfdlil ~ 1R ~ -ij) ~

311Cbl!i(q(Ufi ~ ~ c6t \jqmftldt afR 1fi ii1J 'GfRft t I llii ~ CbcliCbl'<l em

3if&cl ~N~~ Qm ~ -q 1ft ~ ~ -q 3i1Cbf!tlqloft ~ ~f&lct>l iiSff

'i~=tq'lof «ft t" I "lftft q;"Rl1f t" fcp atl(f)l!tlqtofi ~ ~ CbcliCbl;(f q;) ~ "Cb'J ~

~ 3f~Crl 'Sfl'<~lf ~ ffroT \jffifi t I ·~ ~ ~itp~<t> ~'<l~d cffl tf<~d

~ ~ \ffi ~ tfuft ~ ~ lfuft ~ ~~ ~ ~~ 'dC6 ~ ~ * ate;_~ GI~(Q ~ ~ em "Cbn:f 4l~~l Cffl '® t t•97

at!C61:tlqtofi iiRT 'fllft~Cb cm4Sb'1 m st'fltRd m6 lft t, ~ 3R'1TCff 'Ct>ffi-tt<t<pRt ~ ~ ~ '$ <t>i4SbA 1fi stfliRd ~ ~I ~ "6T

'<IISt~hl ct>t4st>41l Cf>f 1fi Wff!'<OI mor t I ~ ct>t4Sb41l -if ~ afR" ~ c6\" aAcP

l')'gFJ gf?od1 ~nfl~H t 1 •The recognition of folk music by AU India Radio

has given much needed sense of confidence in their cultural values

and has also arrested the unfortunate process of drifting away of some

of the tribal. people from their folk -lore and way of life. While folk music

constitutes an important element in AIR's programmes schedules,

collection, preservation and popularisation of this .great heritage of ours

have not been systematic. •98

eq1tf; ~~it-t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ fct; att<twttqtuft -.t ~ "Ctiffi

~ ti~Rt Cffl 'Sfim-lm'R ~-~. Ti1cr, o=f1R .q ~ t ~ ~ cm;n ~

titpRI ~~~"<f))· t~'<)ti'< ~ ~ -q. flGJ)ttN -mT t"l

********

1 ~ q)IOQ\!:11'(1 (~). ~41~Cb. ~ 'Hicp~l~"'l. ~· 12-13

2. ~ ~ Cf)T !SRI5i'H, ~ ~. ~- 3 3. ~-~ Cf)T ,Rt51'H, ~. ~. ~· 41

4. ~. ll· 62 5. crtt. ~· 110

6. ~. ll· 268 7. ~. ~· 277

8. ~-~ q;r ,Rt51'H. ~ s•1ftiCb'< ~.lJf. ll· 168 9. ~ ~ Cf)T $RI5i'H, ~- ~. ~- 436 1 0. "(1\jf ~ ~. "(1\jf ~ ~ ~. 57

11. ~ Cf)T l1ll ~. ~ fcrcnit. ll· 2 12. ~. ll· 3 13. ~ ~ cmr-1{lll-1. 'fl.~-~ 'fflf. ~· 314

14. ~~em $RI5i'H. ~. ~. ll· 437-438

15. ~-. ~- 444-445 16. ~-~ cmr- 1{lll-1. 'fl.~-~ 'fflf.ll. 86-87

17. ~ q;JCZJ-\!:IRT, ti41~Cb. ~ 'Hip~i~"'l. ~- 8-10

18. ~. ~· 358 19. ~ '(("1Jqc•il. 'fl.~. tf. ~41!iti4S'< ~. lfi.-q., ll· 2

20. JSft'<l+t~~d+ti"t'H, t'ICbiCbl'<, 5j+ti"'IM'HI~ llNR, ~· 897 21. ~ 31N ii'<~!itl"'f Q?lq)J~dl, ~. 8~+1)5"'1, ll· 71

22. crnt. 11· 71

23. m«T ll JmT'(UJ ~. ~- 3TR'.'«ft. ~. ~· 14 24. Broadcasting in India, G. C. Awasthy, P 1 25. Broadcasting in India, P.C. Chatterjee, P 39

26. ~ 4?1Cbl~di qfr ~. ~ ~. ~· 62 27. This is All India Radio, U.L. Baruah, P. 1 28. AIR Manual, Volume I, Parts I & II, P. 2 29. Broadcasting in India, G.C. Awasthy, P. 7

30. cnfr. P. 8

31. 3\(ij)j!ijqjuf\, '<1+1~'61-fl ~~. ~- 4 32. Vashali Arora, Mass Communication Journalism (Manual), P. 18.

33. ~ 31N ii'<~fi"'f Q?Jq)J~dl. ~- 8~'1)5"1. ~· 71 34. Broadcasting in India, G.C. Awasthy, P. 9

35. ~ 4?1ctSI~a' cer~. ~ffm. "'I· 62 36.- :2003, );iq)JtJq), 31Jq)J*tlqlufl. ~. ~.- 51

62

37. ~ ~ ~ 60 trtt. ~amm ~. '2·- 57

38. >RfRUI' 'alCFf ~ 60 Cfllf' ~ ~. ~. 61 39. 3Wbltlql~. iiiH~61~ fi}~, ¥· 21

40. Basic Radio Journalism, Paul Chaulter & Peter Stewart, P. 9

41. "1ffiT 1l \iliftiql(i, ~-~ ~. l1· 83 42. Cllfi. ~.146

43. ~ ~ ~ (1Wl ~). ~- ~- ~ cprt, ~- 591 44. fl~(Hif ~. 1WJ-88, 'ffism-4, ~ ~1Bbi'llllii"-ii'll0vfidif C5T ~

~. ~- ~ao:s; J:m1G ~. ~- 79

45. mm 31N ~-~ 4?J<t>iRdl, "if. t5R¥1l6ii, ~- 73

45. cnfi. l1· 75 47. ttiJ)ttu, atR mrm=~ (31Rii=~>. tzt~ ~.~-XI 48. ~ afR ~-~ Q?lctHRrlt, 61. sR¥?16'1, ~- 73

49. \1\'1>attl'< ~ Cffi tl1'11ftnct> ~. \1\q:ft'1WI '4m!, ~· 29 50. 'l1~"1o1 ~ ~-ftn;q (3m'=J-~}. ~~ ~. '«<· XI 51. Basic Radio Journalism, Paul Chautter, Peter Stewart, P. 10

52. 1lffiJ 1l 'Jf'1'tfql(i, aT.~~.'!· 81

53. <i\'<&fl'1, <rnl afR ~. w-tm ~. ~· 72 54.~. ~- 72 55. cnft. ~- 74 56.~-~ 3fR utif'ti4<tt. ~4i<:<tJ, m. ~ ~ ~. ~- 142

57. *'~"o' attx mm-~. tzt~ ~.'I· 43 58. 31jq)jl(jqJuft, '(j'1~f5jift ~.Aqq)l=(t 'I• 31

59. ~-4?14il~dl '('q'(')41et'fq) 311f4~if. ~ ~. ~- 39 60. 3114iitlq1Uft, '(J'1~f51if'l ~~. ~- 22 61 This is All !ndia Radio, U.L. Baru8h, P 106 62. Broadcasting in India, G. G. Awasthy, P 91

63. 3114iltlqloft. 1(1'1~61ift ~~. "l· 32

64.lhis is An India Radio: U.L. Baruah, P. 108

65. ifflt. P. 116

66. ~IC61tlq1Dft, l(f+{~tWft fct~. ~- 8

67. cml. ~- 8 68. This Is All India Radio, U.L.Baruah, P. 6

69. 'ti~l'fOI afR' ~-ftr<.;q, fct~ ~. ~· 204 70. ~ 1l \Jf"f'<'icll<:, ~-~ fttw. t[. 78

71. <n.ft. "l· 78 72. auq;J¥JqJoft. '(lli~t5l:fl fit~. 11· 44

73. "1ffiT ~ \ififfiql& ~-~ fm'. lJ:. 72

63

74. 311&1Fti41~. 'li41~81~ ~~. "'· 42 75. ~-4?1ql!REII 'l'4'Miiii<b ~. ~ wmT ~. "2· 53

7B. mm-'lUffi-fm;q. Rl<&"''l!i!l wmx. v. 10 77. ~~i!JOj ~ ~fm;q, ~~ ~. ll• 218 78. ~ ~ \JJ"''fiqJc;, ~. ~ ftrg-1 "2· 71 79. Cllft. ll· 78 80. an4ntt4tofl, i(\i4~tnifl ~~. "2· 21

81. WI~Ilf"'': '?fflT afti h. ~ tnMt, "2· 17

82. fl~qOj 3f'R ~-ftr<;q, ~~ ~. "'· 207 83. qt'rl ~- 207 84. ~-4?1<bl~dl 't<*'{C)41tii<b ~. 31FFG ~ ~. "l· 20 85. ~FA!.!fDI ~ ~ft~Qq I ~~ 'Q'I'$r I ll· 207 86. This is All India Radio, U.L.Baruah, P. 94 87. 3il<bl~lqioft, '<i"'ill81~ ~~~ ll· 23

88.~. 1· 23 89. cnft, "l· 22 90. '(i~qUJafix ~~. ~JiiRW.l ~. ¥· 208

91' cffll. ll· 222 92. This is All India Radio, U.L.Baruah, P. 159

93. 3il<bltlqtofl. '<1"1~8t;fl ~~. ll· 33

94. ~. ~- 34 95. flf5lqUJ afR ~-ftR;tr, ~~ ~. ll· 71 96. This is All India Radio, U.L.Baruah, P. 130

97. t1f51l1UJ afrx ~fm;q. ~~ ~~l!· 210 98. This is All India Radio, U.L.Baruah, P. 134

*******

64