ATTEMPTS TO DETERMINE ATTEMPTS TO DETERMINE SOME PERFORMANCE SOME PERFORMANCE

INDICATORS IN THE QASMIEH INDICATORS IN THE QASMIEH RAS EL AIN IRRIGATION RAS EL AIN IRRIGATION

SCHEMESCHEME- - LEBANONLEBANON

K. Karaa, F. Karam and N. TarabeyK. Karaa, F. Karam and N. Tarabey

WASAMED Workshop, Hammamat, Tunis, 26 June 2004

GeneralitiesGeneralities• Qasmieh Ras-el- Ain Scheme is sited on Qasmieh Ras-el- Ain Scheme is sited on

south plain coastal area. south plain coastal area. • Divided in two Sectors according to source Divided in two Sectors according to source

of water :of water :– Litani River :Qasmieh Sector Litani River :Qasmieh Sector – Ras el Ain springs (Vasques de Salamon): Ras el Ain springs (Vasques de Salamon):

Ras el Ain SectorRas el Ain Sector• Constructed in 1944, Managed by LRA till Constructed in 1944, Managed by LRA till

19741974• Rehabilitated in 1996-1999Rehabilitated in 1996-1999• Actually :Actually :

– 1281 subscribers 1281 subscribers – Area of 3220 ha Area of 3220 ha

Scheme DescriptionScheme Description• QasmiehQasmieh : :

– Small derivation dam (Zrariyeh ) on Litani River . Small derivation dam (Zrariyeh ) on Litani River . On summer additional water is provided by the On summer additional water is provided by the Qaraaoun Lac.Qaraaoun Lac.

– Main conveyor (8.2 KmMain conveyor (8.2 Km ) )– The divider (Partiteur) The divider (Partiteur) – Saida Branch (28.852 km)Saida Branch (28.852 km)– Sour Branch(8.37)Sour Branch(8.37)– Pumping station at the Litani embouchure to Pumping station at the Litani embouchure to

pump water of sources sited in River Bed pump water of sources sited in River Bed ( water is collected by ( water is collected by temporary rock dam)temporary rock dam). .

• Ras el Ain:Ras el Ain:– Main Conveyor and divider (From Ras el Ain)Main Conveyor and divider (From Ras el Ain)– Ras El Ain North (4.3 km)Ras El Ain North (4.3 km)– Ras El Ain South(&.5 km) Ras El Ain South(&.5 km)

Situation before Situation before RehabilitationRehabilitation • 80 intakes by design, the number of intakes and 80 intakes by design, the number of intakes and

openings reached, before the rehabilitation, about openings reached, before the rehabilitation, about 587. 587.

• Water is distributed by tWater is distributed by turnsurns onon canal sections canal sections. Turn . Turn (tour d’eau) is (tour d’eau) is reaching up to 21 days at the tail end reaching up to 21 days at the tail end of the canals. of the canals.

• Irrigated area was about 2800 haIrrigated area was about 2800 ha

• Water consumption :63 M.C.M /Year (13 MCM/year Water consumption :63 M.C.M /Year (13 MCM/year from river bed, 10 by pumping,4 from Ras el ain from river bed, 10 by pumping,4 from Ras el ain Springs and 36 additional water from Qaraaoun Lac,)Springs and 36 additional water from Qaraaoun Lac,)

• Water consumption: 22,500 C.M./ha/year.Water consumption: 22,500 C.M./ha/year.

RehabilitationRehabilitation • Reparation of damaged parts of the canal and Reparation of damaged parts of the canal and

the pumping station. the pumping station. • Movable dam substituted the temporary rock Movable dam substituted the temporary rock

dam. dam. • Regulation: To maintain a constant water flow Regulation: To maintain a constant water flow

level in the main canals :level in the main canals :– Construction of a compensating reservoir (1500 Construction of a compensating reservoir (1500

CM ).CM ).– Equip the Main Canal with flow regulators gates.Equip the Main Canal with flow regulators gates.– Both sides of the canal were raised by 20 to 40 cm. Both sides of the canal were raised by 20 to 40 cm.

• Replacing and reducing the number of water Replacing and reducing the number of water Intakes by constant discharge intakes Intakes by constant discharge intakes (module à masque: 30,60,90 and 120l/s). (module à masque: 30,60,90 and 120l/s).

Situation after the Situation after the rehabilitationrehabilitation

• Irrigated area increase to 3220 ha (15%)Irrigated area increase to 3220 ha (15%)• The water consumption fell to 40 MCM/year The water consumption fell to 40 MCM/year

(12,492 C.M./ha/year). Only 13.5 MCM is (12,492 C.M./ha/year). Only 13.5 MCM is Needed from Qaraaoun Lac. Needed from Qaraaoun Lac.

• Water saving due to rehabilitation: Water saving due to rehabilitation: 44.48%44.48%

• LLRA adopts a water saving policy :Reduction RA adopts a water saving policy :Reduction in water tariffs up to 33% for farmers using in water tariffs up to 33% for farmers using trickle and sprinkle irrigation: Saving trickle and sprinkle irrigation: Saving 30.02%30.02% versus traditional irrigation. Area equipped versus traditional irrigation. Area equipped with modern techniques reach 333 ha.with modern techniques reach 333 ha.

PerformancePerformance indicatorsindicators

Reference: Performance Indicators for Irrigation Canal System Managers or Water Users Associations; by David E. Nelson .

Updated version of  a presentation at the 18th International Congress on Irrigation and Drainage, Montreal Canada, 2002.

Water Delivery Water Delivery PerformancePerformance TailTail--end Supply Ratio :end Supply Ratio :TSR = NS / NTTSR = NS / NT

NS is the number of days that sufficient NS is the number of days that sufficient water reached the end of the canal water reached the end of the canal system.system.

NT is the total number of days the canal NT is the total number of days the canal system was delivering water. system was delivering water.

TSR = 1 / Before Rehabilitation = 0.23 (in TSR = 1 / Before Rehabilitation = 0.23 (in Average 3 days by turn every 13 days)Average 3 days by turn every 13 days)

Water Delivery Water Delivery PerformancePerformanceDelivery Timeliness Ratio DTR Delivery Timeliness Ratio DTR = = NtNt//NTNT

NNt is the number of orders where water wast is the number of orders where water was

delivered within the target timedelivered within the target time..

NT is the total number of orders (from the NT is the total number of orders (from the individual water order records) individual water order records)

Actually DTR= 0.94 Actually DTR= 0.94

Water Delivery Water Delivery PerformancePerformance

Water Delivery Flexibility Index Water Delivery Flexibility Index WDFWDF=Frequency rating + Flow rate rating + =Frequency rating + Flow rate rating + Duration ratingDuration rating

• Every Rating is qualitatively quoted from 1 to 5Every Rating is qualitatively quoted from 1 to 5

• Frequency rating :Frequency rating :

1 - Always a fixed rotation1 - Always a fixed rotation2 - Fixed rotation with trading, or limited frequency, 2 - Fixed rotation with trading, or limited frequency, or fixed rotation during peak season only.or fixed rotation during peak season only.3 - 24 hours or more advance notice required before 3 - 24 hours or more advance notice required before delivery is madedelivery is made4 - Less than 24 hours advance notice required 4 - Less than 24 hours advance notice required before deliverybefore delivery5 - Farmer does not need to notify district before 5 - Farmer does not need to notify district before deliverydelivery

• QRA : 1 Before and 3 after RehabilitationQRA : 1 Before and 3 after Rehabilitation

Water Delivery Water Delivery PerformancePerformance

((Water Delivery Flexibility Water Delivery Flexibility IndexIndex ) )

• Flow rate ratingFlow rate rating

1 - Same flow rate must always be delivered1 - Same flow rate must always be delivered2 - Several flow rates are allowed during the season2 - Several flow rates are allowed during the season3 - A different flow rate is available each irrigation, 3 - A different flow rate is available each irrigation, with up to 2 changes per irrigation allowed.with up to 2 changes per irrigation allowed.4 - Flow rate can be changed any time, provided 4 - Flow rate can be changed any time, provided advance notice is given to the district.advance notice is given to the district.5 - Flow rates can be different and changed by the 5 - Flow rates can be different and changed by the farmer without giving advance notice to the district.farmer without giving advance notice to the district.

QRA : 1 after and before RehabilitationQRA : 1 after and before Rehabilitation

Water Delivery PerformanceWater Delivery Performance(Water Delivery Flexibility (Water Delivery Flexibility

IndexIndex ) )• Duration ratingDuration rating1 - Management assigns a fixed duration of 1 - Management assigns a fixed duration of irrigation.irrigation.2 - District assigns a fixed duration, but allows 2 - District assigns a fixed duration, but allows some flexibility.some flexibility.3 - Farmers must select a duration with a 24 3 - Farmers must select a duration with a 24 hour incrementhour increment4 - Farmers can choose any duration, but must 4 - Farmers can choose any duration, but must give notice before changinggive notice before changing5 - Farmers can have any duration, with no 5 - Farmers can have any duration, with no advance notice required before changing advance notice required before changing

• QRA : 2 after and before RehabilitationQRA : 2 after and before Rehabilitation

Water Delivery Water Delivery PerformancePerformance

(Water Delivery Flexibility)(Water Delivery Flexibility)SituatioSituationn

FrequencFrequency ratingy rating

Flow Flow rate rate ratinratingg

DuratioDuration ratingn rating

Water Water Delivery Delivery FlexibilityFlexibility

Before Before RehabiliRehabilitationtation

11 11 22 44

After After RehabiliRehabilitationtation

33 11 22 66

Financial PerformanceFinancial Performance

Fee Collection Performance FCP = Fee Collection Performance FCP = FC/FAFC/FA

FC is the annual amount of water charges FC is the annual amount of water charges collected.collected.

FA is the annual amount of water charges FA is the annual amount of water charges assessed.assessed.

After rehabilitation, FCP is Varying from After rehabilitation, FCP is Varying from 0.80 0.80 to to 0.92 0.92 indicating a high performanceindicating a high performance..

Financial PerformanceFinancial Performance

Maintenance Budget Ratio MBR = EM/EO&MMaintenance Budget Ratio MBR = EM/EO&M

EM is the average annual expenditures for maintenance. EM is the average annual expenditures for maintenance.

EO&M is average annual expenditures for both operation EO&M is average annual expenditures for both operation and maintenance.and maintenance.

Between 1998 and Between 1998 and 2002 the MBR was decreased 2002 the MBR was decreased from from 0.12 to 0.020.12 to 0.02 due to rehabilitation. due to rehabilitation.

Financial PerformanceFinancial Performance

Personnel Cost Ratio PCR = EP/ETPersonnel Cost Ratio PCR = EP/ET

EP is annual expenditures on personnel (wages, EP is annual expenditures on personnel (wages, fringe benefits, training, etc.).fringe benefits, training, etc.).ET is total annual expenditures.ET is total annual expenditures.

PCR = 0.86 PCR = 0.86 (Optimum values in the range of 50-(Optimum values in the range of 50-60%) 60%)

Financial PerformanceFinancial PerformanceManpower Numbers MNR = NS/ATManpower Numbers MNR = NS/ATNS is number of staff (full-time equivalent)NS is number of staff (full-time equivalent)

AT is total irrigated areaAT is total irrigated area

NR = 15.32 person/1000 haNR = 15.32 person/1000 ha. .

It is a high index (MNR varies between 1 It is a high index (MNR varies between 1 in USA to 20 in Nigeria)in USA to 20 in Nigeria)

The two previous indicators show an over The two previous indicators show an over

staffing.staffing.

Financial PerformanceFinancial PerformanceFinancial Self Sufficiency FSS = IF/ETFinancial Self Sufficiency FSS = IF/ET

IF is income from water user fees IF is income from water user fees ET is total annual expenditures ET is total annual expenditures FSS = 0.85 FSS = 0.85 A minimal effort is needed to reach selfA minimal effort is needed to reach selfsufficiency: sufficiency: - Slight increase in water tarification- Slight increase in water tarification- Better use and distribution of the human- Better use and distribution of the humanresources resources - More performance in fees collection - More performance in fees collection

Sustainability Sustainability PerformancePerformance

Sustainability of Irrigated Area SIA= Sustainability of Irrigated Area SIA= AC/AIAC/AI

AC is current total irrigated areaAC is current total irrigated area

  AI is total irrigated area when system AI is total irrigated area when system development was completed(4000 ha).development was completed(4000 ha).

SIA=0.81 After and 0.7 Before rehabilitation SIA=0.81 After and 0.7 Before rehabilitation

Thank YouThank You