"^WITNESSAUGUST 22, 1968

E d i t o r i a l

Catholic Opposition

To Encyclical

A r t i c l e

Tokyo Bishop StressesYouth Program

John M. Krumm

10*

NEWS: —- Pope's Encyclical Hit by LambethConference. Population Control Plansin Jeopardy. Some Bishops By-PassLambeth Fearing Trouble at Home

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VOL. 53, NO. 29 The WITNESSFOR CHRIST AND HIS CHURCH

Editorial and Publication Office, Eaton Rood, Tunkhannock, Pa. 18657

AUGUST 22, 1968

Story of the Week

Birth Control Encyclical HitBy Lambeth Conference

* Lambeth Conference hadtwo days of debate on PopePaul's encyclical on birth con-trol and reaffirmed its ownprevious approval of artificialmeans of contraception.

A resolution, adopted withoutdissent, said: "The conferencefinds itself unable to agree withthe Pope's conclusion that allmethods of conception controlother t h a n abstinence fromsexual intercourse or its con-finement to periods of infec-undity are c o n t r a r y to the'order established by God.'"

It then reaffirmed the find-ings of the 1958 conference thatparents have serious responsi-bility to decide on the numberand spacing of their childrenafter taking into considerationmany m e t h o d s , that meansadopted to limit children arematters for the conscience ofeach couple and that use of arti-ficial contraception is not ex-cluded. A similar position wastaken at the 1930 conferencewhen Anglican bishops were thefirst Church group to endorsefamily planning.

Sessions w e r e held behindclosed doors but official spokes-men said the bishops had con-tested the Pope's view thatAUGUST 22, 1968

contraception within marriageundermines morality.

Bishop W e l l e s of WesternMissouri, the father of four, wasreported to have said he prac-ticed contraception and believedthis had enhanced his marriage.

He supported Bishop Sherrillof Central Brazil who said useof artificial means of birth con-trol did not in itself lead tomoral degradation but rather tomaturity.

Consideration of t h e birthcontrol issue was placed on theagenda by Archbishop Ramseyand the steering committee ofthe conference. E a r l i e r , thearchbishop issued a statementwhich bluntly clashed with thepapal position (Witness, 8/8).

Consternation at UN

Pope Paul's unequivocal "no"to birth control was receivedwith undisguised consternationat the United Nations.

Officially, Secretary GeneralU Thant had no comment —neither did any other UN of-ficial concerned with the manyareas of activities where familyplanning is a factor.

But in private conversations,officials and d i p l o m a t s ex-pressed surprise that the Pope

had decided to "get on a colli-sion course with mankind," asone official put it.

"Nothing can stop the trendtowards a more rational plan-ning of nations," said anotherUN functionary.

Some Catholic members of theUN secretariat called the papaldecision "disheartening." Thosefamilier w i t h the statisticalarguments favoring birth con-trol said flatly that "irrespec-tive of the Pope's wishes, some-thing has to be done to preventhumanity's catastrophe in a gen-eration or two."

A few diplomats from LatinAmerican countries, where theRoman Catholic C h u r c h haslately become very social-mindedand where the clergy is some-times even revolutionary, pre-dicted that priests there wouldeither close both eyes to thepractice of birth control or loseinfluence with the masses.

Although many o b s e r v e r sagreed that the Pope faced "aninsoluble dilemma," they never-theless argued that the finalityof the papal decree implied thatthe pontiff was "out of touchwith reality." Others suggestedthat this d e c i s i o n "negateseverything p r o g r e s s i v e theRoman - Catholic C h u r c h hasdone in recent years."

The United N a t i o n s itselftakes a neutral stance on theissues of birth control. In de-

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ference to those sensitive onthis subject, UN documentationrefers only to "family planning."It is pointed out that this in-cludes technical aid to peoplewho want fewer children as wellas assistance to those who de-sire more children.

The Ocean Floor

A resolution proposing theinternationalization of the oceanfloor was approved by the bish-ops. It w a s introduced byBishop W. L. S. Fleming ofNorwich who said that theocean floors make up approx-imately 71 per cent of the sur-face of the planet and that thisis of very great importance tothe future of mankind.

"The deep seas have just re-cently come open to explorationand exploitation," he said. "Thenation that first learns to livebeneath the ocean will controlthe world."

Ordination of Women

The most spirited debate athalf-way mark in the conferencecentered on proposals to widenthe ministry of women in theChurch and to open the way fortheir ordination to the diaconateand priesthood.

The report itself covered awide range of subjects, the roleof the laity, the priesthood, thediaconate, supplementary min-istries and the episcopate, buta large portion of the debatewas focussed on the proposal tohave ordained women ministers.Archbishop M. Loane of Sydneyspoke strongly in opposition tothe proposal. "I believe if theministry is t h r o w n open towomen, it w o u l d sound thedeath knell for the Church inits appeal to men. In many di-oceses the ordinary man saysthe Church is of concern forFour

women and children. If womenarc ordained, men won't be con-vinced," he said.

Presiding B i s h o p John E.Hines spoke in favor of ordain-ing women as did Bishop G. W.Barrett of Rochester, N.Y. Heremarked that no biblical ortheological arguments could befound against it. "The onlyarguments," he said, "appear tobe emotional. There may be adeep division between the sexesor it may be due to prejudice."

The report went back to com-

mittee for further re-draftingand the correspondent for theWitness wrote from London;"I'm afraid it will lose, thoughthe committee is unanimous inits presentation. Their worknow will be to make it as strongas possible — but weaker thanat present — and still get itpassed. I predict that it willeither be so watered down asto be useless — except for mildprogress in the future — orthat it will fail. However, I maybe pessimistic."

Encyclical Raises QuestionsOn Population Control Plans

* Pope Paul's encyclical op-posing all artificial birth con-trol methods, seems destined toraise n e w questions in thesensitive area of governmentparticipation in family planningprograms.

The Pope's d i r e c t appealto government authorities wasbrief and in relation to otherthemes in the encyclical and inprevious papal statements: "Donot allow the morality of yourpeoples to be degraded; do notpermit that by legal meanspractices contrary to the naturaland divine law be introducedinto that fundamental cell, thefamily."

Elaborating on t h i s state-ment, the Pope called for othersolutions to "the demographicproblem," including "a providentpolicy for the family . . . (and)a wise education of peoples inrespect of the moral law and theliberty of citizens."

He went on to urge, in verygeneral terms, programs to pro-mote e c o n o m i c development,social justice and internationalaid programs.

Within hours of its issuance,the encyclical began to come

under attack from family plan-ning and population control ex-perts who, a year and a halfearlier, had lavishly praised theencyclical, the development ofpeoples. These interpreters sawa significant change of emphasisbetween t h e two documents.While he insisted in both state-ments that only moral meansmust be used for birth regula-tion, the Pope gave more em-phasis last year to the right ofgovernments to be involved inpopulation programs.

The phraseology of the pas-sage in the new encyclical leavesroom for questions on just whatactions the Pope wished govern-ments to avoid. His words,which were a p p a r e n t l y ad-dressed to all governments, notmerely those of Catholic coun-tries, certainly imply disapprov-al of compulsory family-planningprograms and of governmentprograms u s i n g disapprovedcontraception techniques.

Whether or not the Pope alsoexpects governments to passlaws forbidding artificial birthcontrol is uncertain. His wordsallow and may even require suchan interpretation, since he asks

THE WITNESS

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governments not to "permit . . .(forbidden practices) by legalmeans."

Some interpreters h a v e al-ready applied this passage toItaly, Spain and a number ofother Catholic countries whereartificial contraception is stillagainst the law, though, usually,wcnten are able to buy con-traceptive pills ostensibly forother purposes if they have aprescription.

"Bootlegging" of the pill iswidespread where this prohibi-tion exists, according to Italianand Spanish sources.

In other countries, such as theU.S. and Canada, a strict inter-pretation of the Pope's wordsmight impel Catholic leaders totake up a birth control strugglethat has been virtually aban-doned in recent years. In vari-ous areas, such prolonged cam-paigns by Catholic leaders havebeen waged to prevent the open-ing of government-sponsored or-aided birth control programs oreven to prevent the legalizationof birth control. Such a cam-paign is expected in Italy, per-haps later this year, when aproposal to legalize birth controlcomes under consideration inParliament.

The trend since Vatican IIhas been for Catholic leaders toavoid such campaigns, usuallyon the principle that Catholicsshould not attempt to imposetheir moral views on non-Catho-lics. Pope Paul's emphasis onthe natural law as a basis forthe Catholic position and hisstress, elsewhere in the encycli-cal, on the negative social effectsof birth control, may indicate animplicit rejection of this pointof view.

The present status of govern-ment-aided birth control pro-grams throughout t h e worldAUGUST 22, 1968

was discussed earlier this yearin a United Nations report. Thehighest rate of p o p u l a t i o ngrowth in the world is in LatinAmerica, where the populationis overwhelmingly Catholic, thereport said.

Factors other than religionare i n v o l v e d in populationgrowth, h o w e v e r . The mostsignificant factor, according tomany s u r v e y s , is economic.Latin America's high birth rateis similar to those of other de-veloping nations where thereare virtually no Catholics. De-veloped C a t h o l i c nations inEurope h a v e generally lowerpopulation growth rates thandeveloping non-Catholic nationselsewhere.

Governments are o f f i c i a l -ly supporting family - planningpi'Ograms of one kind or anotherin 14 countries which have 45per cent of the world's popula-tion, according to the UN sur-vey. Various U.S. governmentagencies s p e n d approximately$36 million annually on familyplanning.

U.S. policy in this field ispresently being re-evaluated byan 18-man panel appointed byPresident Johnson which willreport to him in mid-November.The committee, whose membersare drawn from government,universities and foundations, in-cludes one man identified witha Catholic institution, Dr. AndreHellegers of Georgetown Uni-versity.

The report is expected to in-clude cost figures for a five-year, national family planningprogram, a discussion of thegovernment's role in research,information, e d u c a t i o n pro-grams, cooperation with state,community and private agenciesand foreign aid programs re-lated to birth control.

VVCC BUDGET HIKEDTO $1,320,000

* Churches were urged toincrease their support of theWCC by at least one-third,beginning in 1969 by the as-sembly.

The suggestion was made asdelegates approved a "model an-nual general budget" calling fora yearly expenditure of $1,320,-000 through 1971. It was pointedout that this was a fraction ofthe budgets of many memberdenominations.

The assembly was asked to"recognize that a sounder esti-mate of the true needs for thecoming period (1969-71) wouldbe about $1,500,000."

However, t h e report notedthat an appeal to member Chur-ches in March, 1967, for an over-all increase of one-third in con-tributions to the general budg-et had not met with success.It said that "unless memberChurch contributions rise by agreater amount than can atpresent be foreseen, income . . .will not be sufficient to coverthe cost of the 1969 operations."

STUDY WHO ATTENDEDWCC ASSEMBLY

* The WCC assembly com-prised 56 per cent voting dele-gates, 13 per cent advisers, 10per cent youth participants, 7per cent guests, 6 per cent fra-ternal delegates, 5 per cent dele-gated observers, 2 per cent ob-servers and one per cent centralcommittee. They number 1,350.

The biggest single group ofparticipants came from Europe(43 per cent), followed by NorthAmerica (26 per cent), Asia (15per cent), Sub-Sahara Africa (8per cent), Middle East andNorth Africa (4 per cent) andLatin America (4 per cent).

Five

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MARYLAND TO ELECTCOADJUTOR

* Maryland will elect a coad-jutor at a special convention atEmmanuel, Baltimore, Sept. 13.He will succeed Bishop HarryDoll, 65, when he decides toretire.

Possibility of Trouble at HomeKeep Several Bishops in U.S.

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* At least nine U.S. bishopsare not attending the confer-ence. According to Bishop RalphDean, executive officer, theyare not attending because offear of racial trouble in theirdioceses, but most of the bishopsindicated slightly different rea-sons for not attending.

The bishops are John Craineof Indianapolis; R o g e r Blan-chard of Southern Ohio; RobertDeWitt of Pennsylvania; PaulMoore Jr. of Washington, D.C.;Richard Emrich of Michigan;Anson Phelps Stokes Jr. ofMassachusetts; Robert Hatch ofWestern Massachusetts; Char-les Hall of New Hampshire andNed Cole of Central New York.

Bishop Craine said his failureto attend was not because offear of riots in Indianapolis."There's no impending crisishere anymore than in any otherAmerican city," he said, "but Ifeel my job is to be with mypeople."

Stressing that he has greatrespect f o r Lambeth, BishopCraine continued: "I questionvery much whether the confer-ence method of advancing God'skingdom can be justified wherethe particular group does nothave real authority."

"Certainly God works whenmen deliberate," he said, "butthe Holy Spirit in our time ismoving more in action than inconference." T h e Indianapolisbishop emphasized he did notmean his comments as a crit-icism of those bishops who areattending the meeting.

Bishop Blanchard of Cincin-nati commented: "If people wantto go to Lambeth, that's all

right, but I believe the actionis right here. Each man mustestablish his priorities and itseemed to me that being inCincinnati was a priority in myconcern for involvement of theChurch in the urban crisis."

Bishop B l a n c h a r d , who isworking in a city hall office asdirector of specially-created of-fice of community commitment,said he was not anticipating a"long, hot summer," but whilehe claimed Cincinnati communi-ty leaders w e r e showing agreater openness to the urbancrisis than ever before, he con-ceded he might have to eat hiswords.

A spokesman for Bishop De-Witt said the bishop was hopingPhiladelphia would not have aracial riot, but that he wantedto be present in the event oftrouble.

Bishop Moore, on l e a v e inorder to serve as executive direc-tor of operation connection —a national, interreligious coali-tion to support minority groups— said he did not fear race riotsin Washington, but f e l t heshould remain in his diocese andstick with this new job.

A spokesman for Bishop Em-rich said the bishop's decisionnot to attend was based on morethan just the possibility of riots.

"He wanted to let his menknow of his commitment to thediocese," the spokesman said,explaining that many priestsare not taking their summervacations in order to be presentin the event of trouble.

Bishop Stokes said in Bostonthat he was not overly anxious

(Continued on Page Ten)

THE WITNESS

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EDITORIAL

Catholic OppositionTo EncyclicalTHE ENCYCLICAL of Pope Paul, a 7,500 worddocument, prohibits all artificial means of birthcontrol.

What Anglican bishops meeting at Lambeththought of it is reported on page three. EugeneCarson Blake, general secretary of the WorldCouncil of Churches, doubtless spoke for all mem-ber Churches when he said; "It is disappointingthat the initiative taken in 1964 to reexamine thetraditional Roman Catholic position on familyplanning and birth control seems with the en-cyclical Humanae Vitae to have ended up approx-imately where it began, despite such a long andcareful study . . . The Roman Catholic positionas now stated depends too much upon an old con-ception of natural law to be persuasive to 20thcentury man."

Many distinguished Catholics in the days sincethe papal document was issued on July 29 havesaid that sexual morality is a matter of conscienceand cannot be dictated by the Pope or anybodyelse. We limit this editorial to these sources.

"One hopeful sign is that educated Catholicsare not going to pay any attention to this state-ment," said Fr. Robert Johann, a prominentJesuit philosopher. "If they did we'd be back inthe Dark Ages."

Fr. Hans Kung, Swiss theologian, declared thatthe encyclical demonstrated not only that thePope was not infallible but also that he waswrong. He added that there was reason to fearthat the papal pronouncement would open a new"Galileo case."

"I suspect that Pope Paul and a lot of Churchauthorities are going to be surprised by the lackof concern caused by the encyclical," said GeraldL. Fitzgerald, layman and official of the ChristianFamily Movement. "I think that most couples whohave been struggling with the problem have madeup their mind and settled their consciences."

Commonweal, Catholic weekly, said: "For mil-lions of lay people, the birth control question hasAUGUST 22, 1968

been confronted, prayed over and settled — andnot in the direction of the Pope's encyclical."

Dr. Andre Helligers of Georgetown University,an obstetrician, said the encyclical "misses thefundamental problems and the basic truth aboutcontraception."

Dr. Helligers was a member of the 57-manclerical and lay commission appointed by PopePaul to study birth control. The encyclical con-tradicted the report of this commission's ma-jority, which had recommended f r e e d o m forCatholic couples to choose the means of familyplanning.

Dr. Helligers said that the encyclical is "in-herently contradictory" and that he would "con-tinue to seek the most flexible interpretation" ofCatholic attitudes on birth control.

"The Pope has hold of a piece of the truth," Dr.Helligers said, "but he avoids the major truth.He focuses on rhythm vs. rubber. I cannot be-lieve that salvation is based on contraception bytemperature and damnation is based on rubber."

He rejected the Pope's warning that contracep-tion would lead men to regard women as "a mereinstrument of selfish enjoyment" and called it a"gratuitous slap" at women who have been prac-ticing contraception.

Pope Paul's request to scientists that theywork to make the rhythm system of family plan-ning perfectly reliable was denounced by Dr.Helligers as "basically irrational."

"When rhythm is perfect and the couple there-fore can with full confidence divorce intercoursefrom procreation licitly, the fundamental problemstill remains," he said.

John T. Noonan Jr., of the Notre Dame law-school, also a member of the papal commission,questioned whether Pope Paul and the grouphelping him review the question used adequatemeans to arrive at their conclusion. He also saidthe highly secretive nature of the study raisesquestions in his own mind.

Over 200 priests and laity in Brooklyn signeda statement backing the position of several hun-dred theologians favoring freedom of conscience.

In Newark 24 priests said that they would con-

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tinue to treat the birth control question as a posi-tion on which Catholics are free to follow theirown consciences.

Fr. George Hagmaier, assistant director of thePaulist institute of religious research in NewYork, said simply, "Pope Paul VI is wrong onbirth control." Fr. Hagmaier is also secretary ofthe sex information and education council of theU.S.

Prof. William D'Antonio, chairman of thesociology department at Notre Dame University,called the Pope's encyclical a "myopic reaffirma-tion" of an outmoded doctrine.

Dr. Frans Saes, a leading Dutch Catholic phy-sican and chairman of the Catholic association ofmedical practitioners, said, "There is not a doctorwho will hesitate for a minute to prescribe thepill simply because Rome says he should not."

"The Pope says that the pill will lead to infi-delity. That is pure nonsense," Dr. Saes said."The pill causes a man to be more faithful.

"Nobody in his senses would hesitate to sepa-rate sex from breeding — to see sexuality assomething precious. But in Rome, the sun stillcircles the earth."

Fr. William Van der Mark, a Dutch Dominicantheologian now teaching at Notre Dame Univer-sity described the encyclical as "kind of ridicu-lous" and said Catholics should "just go ahead anddo what they think is right."

A group of American Catholic laymen who at-tended last year's world congress of the laity inRome reaffirmed their support of a congressresolution that placed responsibility for birth-control methods upon parents.

N. A. Giambalvo, who was chairman of theUnited States delegation and is now president ofthe national council of Catholic men, said 20members had agreed to reaffirm the resolutionand four had declined.

Mr. Giambalvo said the resolution had calledfor:

"A clear statement of the teaching authoritiesof the Church concentrated on the fundamentalmoral and spiritual values without proposingscientific or technical solutions to achieve respon-sible parenthood, leaving the choice of means tothe conscience of parents in conformity with theirChristian faith and in consultation with trainedmedical and scientific advisors.Eight

"We have studied the papal encyclical in thelight of this resolution, of the majority report ofthe papal commission on birth control, and of thepastoral documents of Vatican II, all of whichreflect the universal aspiration for personal dig-nity and growth, and the agonizing worldwideproblems of hunger and degradation.

"We place our trust in the affirmation of Vati-can II that human needs, human hopes and humanwelfare must influence our standard of right andwrong.

"We, therefore, reassert the resolution adoptedby the third world congress."

Among other Catholics who sponsored the ac-tion were Mr. and Mrs. Patrick F. Crowley, alsomembers of the papal commission on birth con-trol, and Rawson L. Wood, chairman of the na-tional Catholic conference for inter-racial justice.

Tokyo Bishop StressesYouth ProgramTHE RT. REV. DAVID M. GOTO, Bishop ofTokyo, said in an exclusive interview with theWitness during his attendance at the LambethConference that the emphasis in his diocese isupon the young intellectuals of Tokyo, centeringon the university and college campuses, and uponthe many young workers who have recently mi-grated to the city. These concerns, the bishopsaid, had enlisted the energies and interest of theparishes of Tokyo in work outside their own boun-daries in ways that had never happened before.Like most great metropolitan areas, Tokyo is at-tracting thousands of students and young peoplefrom country districts, and Bishop Goto persuadedhis people to provide a center for counselling,guidance, recreation, and serious discussion. Vol-unteers from the parishes man the center andhave already registered 400 young people in thefirst three months of the operation. Assistance inplanning and carrying out the project has beensecured from St. Paul's University (Rikkyo) andespecially from its sociology department.

Japanese students, like their counterparts inthe United States, are militant and aggressive inseeking radical changes in their society, butBishop Goto believes that there is a hard core

THE WITNBSS

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of doctrinaire communists that often dominatethe movement which makes it difficult forChristian students groups to identify themselveswith them. On social issues the Nippon Sei KoKai, the Japanese name of the Anglican body,prefers to work through the Japanese equivalentof the National Council of Churches. BishopGoto admitted that the Japanese Anglicans weresomewhat more cautious and conservative onsuch questions than the Kyodan — the UnitedChurch which came into existence during thePacific War but from which the Anglican re-mained aloof.

The bishop had doubts about the usefulness ofthe student demonstrations, and felt that theChurch ought rather to concentrate on discuss-ing issues in small groups of students and incounselling and guidance. In his own home, aswell as in several parishes, small groups ofyoung people — workers as well as students —meet regularly to discuss a wide range of topics.These include moral and intellectual problemsas well as music appreciation and such newJapanese novelists as Oe and Mishima who arewidely popular among Japanese youth. Supportedby the diocese of Washington, the companiondiocese of Tokyo under the MRI program, apriest has been designated to work with studentsin the secular universities of Tokyo and a dor-mitory adjoining the huge University of Tokyoand associated with St. Timothy's Church isbeing planned.

The theme of renewal of the Church is anurgent one for Japan, Bishop Goto believes. Hehoped that Lambeth would provide stimulationfor Japanese Christians who tend to be some-what passive about things as they are. A con-tributing factor in the Nippon Sei Ko Kai hasbeen the lack of any compulsory retirement agefor clergy. With the assistance of the dioceseof Massachusetts and the United Thank Offer-ing, a compulsory retirement system, requiringclergy to retire at age 70, has just been adopted.This will allow younger men to move into posi-tions of leadership, and the bishop feels thatthere will be no problem, at least in Tokyo, inattracting able young men into the ministry.Part of the reason for this is the more generoussalary scale which is gradually being raised.

Christian reunion is a difficult problem inAUGUST 22, 1968

Japan because of the numerical discrepancy be-tween the Kyodan Church and Anglicanism, andLutheranism which have remained outside. Itis felt that it will be easier to discuss specificmutual problem together in a group which in-cludes representatives of all Christian bodiesincluding Roman Catholics than to encourageany schemes of reunion between Protestants andAnglicans. It is hoped that such a group mightbecome the kernel of an ecumenical institute inthe near future. All Christian bodies in Japan,Bishop Goto said, are showing about the samerate of growth, slow but steady and encouraging.

Bishop Goto is being given a considerableamount of attention at Lambeth 1968 as anunusually able and articulate spokesman forAsian Christianity. He was educated at WasedaUniversity and the Central Theological Collegeand then spent three years at the Virginia Theo-logical Seminary in the United States. Beforehis election as bishop in 1959 he was chaplainand instructor in Christian ethics at St. Paul'sUniversity. He is serving as vice-chairman ofthe subcommittee of the Lambeth Conferenceon "Urbanization and the Metropolis."

— JOHN M. KRUMM

Chairman of the Board of Editors

Reaction of Average CatholicNEWSMEN went to the street to get the reactionof Catholics to the Pope's ruling on birth control.Sample comments:

• "I'm a Catholic and I think it's kind offunny. This old man who's never been marriedsitting away off in Rome telling me to have a lotof babies. It doesn't make sense. I choose toignore him."

• "I really don't give a damn what the Popesays. I feel sorry for people who are trying tolive as strict Catholics."

• "I have seven kids I can barely feed already,and without the pill I'd have seven more. ThePope isn't going to feed them. So why should hesay I should keep on having babies?"

• "The Pope is bucking the majority. Peoplearen't afraid to speak out against him anymore.He's just a mortal."

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BISHOPS STAY HOME —(.Continued from Page Six)

about the summer, but that be-cause of the press of diocesanwork, he wanted to remain inthe U.S. to help the Church pre-pare for the year ahead.

"It's just that I know I willbe more effective if I don't comeback to find six weeks of mailon my desk," he said.

In London it was announcedthat Bishop Francis Ah Mya ofRangoon has been refused per-mission by the Burmese govern-ment to travel to Britain for theconference. Some bishops repre-senting poor, small and remotedioceses are also said to be stay-ing away.

Bishop Ah Mya's non-attend-ance had been foreseen, how-ever, and a special invitationwas extended to his English

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Ten

predecessor, w h o is now inEngland, Bishop Victor Shear-burn. He was bishop of Ran-goon until last year and thuswill be able to speak for Angli-cans in Burma.

A bishop who will be attend-ing but will not return to hisdiocese afterwards is the Amer-ican-born Bishop Robert Mize ofDamaraland, w h i c h embracesSouth West A f r i c a . Withinhours of arriving in London forthe conference he said the SouthAfrican government h a d re-fused to renew his residencepermit — without any reason.

VICTOR M. RIVERACONSECRATION

* The Rev. Victor M. Riverawill be consecrated bishop ofSan Joaquin on Sept. 18 at St.James Cathedral, Fresno, byPresiding Bishop John E. Hines.Bishop Sumner Walters, presentbishop of the diocese, and Bish-op Ivol Curtis of Olympia willbe the co-consecrators.

HAROLD C. GOSNELLCONSECRATION

* The Rev. Harold C. Gosnell,rector of St. Mark's, San An-tonio, will be consecrated coad-jutor of West Texas on Sept. 11in the city's convention center.Presiding Bishop John E. Hineswill be the consecrator, withBishop Everett Jones of thatdiocese and Bishop Nelson Bur-roughs, retired of Ohio, the co-consecrators.

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Clergy Changes:

ANDERSON, JERRY R., '68 gradu-ate of GTS., is now curate at St.Augustine's, Wilmette, 111.

ASKREN, ROBERT D., former cu-rate of St. Thomas, Miami, Fla.,is now curate of Christ the King,Orlando, Fla.

BABCOCK, RICHARD M., formervicar of the Resurrection, Balti-more, Md., is now curate, organistand choir master at St. Andrew's,Lawton, Okla.

CARPENTER, WILLIAM V., for-mer vicar of St. Barnabas, Ha-vana, 111., is now rector of St.Luke's, Dixon, 111.

CAVE, GEORGE H. Jr., has re-signed from the chaplaincy ofBerkeley School, Tampa, Fla.

CONDIT, GEORGE E., former rec-tor of St. George's, Central Falls,R.I., is now rector of St. Ambrose,Fort Lauderdale, Fla.

DEETH, HAROLD, former assist-ant at Christ Church, Dayton,Ohio, is now on the staff of thediocese of So. Ohio.

DOYLE, PETER R., former rectorof St. James, Leesburg, Va., isnow on the faculty of the E.T.S.in Kentucky.

DURRANCE, ALFRED L., formerrector of Good Shepherd, Maitland,Fla., is now r e c t o r of GraceChurch, Ocala, Fla.

FLEENER, WILLIAM J., formervicar of St. Paulinus, Watseka,111., is now a s s i s t a n t at OurSaviour Elmhurst, 111.

GLAENZER, CHARLES F., formerrector of Trinity, Washington, Va.,is now vicar of the Messiah, High-land Springs, Va.

GOMER, ALVIN D., former assist-ant at St. Augustine's Chapel,Trinity Parish, New York, is nowcurate at St. Mark's, Milwaukee,Wis.

GREEN, ALLEN J., former vicarof St. Andrew's and on the facultyof San Andres Seminary, MexicoCity, is now rector of St John's,West Point, Va.

GUTHRIE, CLAUDE E., formerarchdeacon of program, diocese ofUpper S. Carolina, is now head-master of St. Paul's School, Clear-water, Fla.

HAMMOND, HAROLD M. is a

THE WITNESS

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chaplain-intern at Sibley Hospital,Washington, Va.

HAUSER, STANLEY F., formerrector of St. Mark's, Houston,Texas, is now rector of St. Mark's,San Antonio, Texas.

HEATH, SIDNEY E., former vicarof St. Adrian's, Islamorado, Fla.,has retired.

MAXWELL, GEORGE M., formercurate of Redeemer, Sarasota, Fla.,is now rector of Holy Comforter,Sumter, S. C.

McINTYRE, JOHN G., former vicarof St. Paul's, Perry Hill and as-sistant at the Redeemer, Baltimore,is now rector of St. Stephen's,Earleville, Md.

NICHOLSON, DONALD R., formervicar of Messiah-Redemption, Jop-patowne, Md., is now assistant atSt. Peter's, Springfield, Mass.

PRICE, JOHN W. of St. Mark's,San Antonio, Texas, is now rec-tor of St. George's, Austin, Texas.

RICHARDS, DAVID E., bishop ofCosta Rica, Honduras and Nicara-gua becomes national coordinatorfor the House of Bishops commit-tee on pastoral counselling Dec. 1.The committee will also includeregional representatives and theutilization of p r o f e s s i o n a lresources.

RICHMOND, CARL C, former rec-tor of St. Luke's, Wheeling, W. Va.and instructor at Wheeling dayschool, is now chaplain and in-structor at Manlius School, Man-lius, N. Y.

ROBB, G. KERRY, former curateof St. Andrew's, Fort Worth, Fla.,is now vicar of St. Mark's, PalmBeach Gardens, Fla.

ROSS, ARNOLD M., assistant atAH Saints, Frederick, Md. retiresSept. 30.

SAMS, JONATHAN C, former cu-rate at the Ascension, Chicago, isnow social work a s s i s t a n t atLawrence Hall-Randall H o u s e ,Chicago.

SINCLAIR, RODERICK D., formerassistant at St. George's, Arling-

HANNAH MORE ACADEMYAccredited Episcopal college pre-paratory boarding and day school forgrades 8-12. Located 17 miles north-west of Baltimore on 67-acre campus.Excellent fine arts program includesmusic, dance, art, drama. Established1832. For catalog write:

The Rev. Kenneth W. CostinHdm., Box W

Hannah More AcademyReisterstown, Md. 21136

ton, Va., is now associate rectorat St. Paul's, Charlottesville, Va.and chaplain at the U. of Va.

SMITH JAMES D., former rectorof Christ Church, Luray, Va., isnow associate rector at Trinity,,Manassas, Va.

STADEL, JEROLD R., 68 BDSgraduate, is now vicar of St. Mat-thias, East Aurora, N. Y.

STEWART, W. W. has retired asrector of Trinity, Pharr, Texas.

SUELLAU, DAVID I., former cu-rate of Emmanuel Church, Or-lando, Fla., is now rector of GoodShepherd, Maitland, Fla.

TEMPLE, R O B E R T W., formercurate of St. Luke's, Jamestown,N. Y., is now vicar of the Re-deemer, Niagara Falls, N. Y.

TERHUNE, ROBERT D. Jr., for-mer vicar of St. Mark's, PalmBeach Gardens, Fla., is now chap-lain-intern at Fort Logan mentalhealth center in Colorado.

THOMPSON, PAUL L., former cu-rate of St. Stephen's, Miami, Fla.,is now vicar of Grace Church, PortOrance, Fla.

WARD, DAVID J. W., formerly atthe urban t r a i n i n g center inChicago, is now on the staff of St.Paul's, Charlottesville, Va. and achaplain at the U. of Va.

WEISSMAN, STEPHEN, former as-sistant at St. Philip's, Columbus,Ohio, is now w o r k i n g on theNavajo Reservation, N. M.

WELLER, M A T T H E W S , formervicar of St. Andrew's, Destin, andSt. Thomas, Laguna Beach, Fla.,is now rector of the Advent, Tall-ahassee, Fla.

WHITE, CHARLES E., former rec-tor of St. Stephen's, New PortRichey, Fla., is now rector of GoodShepherd, Punta Gorda, Fla.

WHITE, THOMAS H. of St. Mark's,San Antonio, Texas, is now rectorof St. Mark's, Austin, Texas.

St. Peter'sSchool

Peekskffl, New York 10566

A church-centered college prepara-tory school for boys. Grades 7-12.70 acre campus 40 miles from NewYork. Interscholastic sports, music,social activities. Early applicationadvisable.

For information write to:Robert W. Porter, B.A., S.T.B.

HEADMASTER

ThePatterson School

for BoysIN HAPPY VALLEY

Fully accredited Church School on1800 acre estate. Grades 7-12. Smallclasses. Gymnasium, sports, swim-ming, fishing. 60th year.Summer camp with tutoring for boy»6 to 15 years. Periods 2, 4, or 6 weeks.

For School or Camp Pattersoncatalogs, write:

GEORGE F. WIESB, BOX WRoute 5, Lenoir, N. C. 28645

COLLEGE PREPARATORYCHARACTER BUILDING

Brent SchoolBagnio, Philippines

FomroED n» 1909

A coeducational school for day stu-dents and boarders. Kindergartenthrough High School. High stand-ards of scholarship. All races andnationalities admitted.

"The International Schoolof the Far Bast."

THE REV. ALFRED L. GRIFFITHS, D.D.

Headmaster

Gburcb of tbe Heavenly IRest2)av Scbool

Co-Educational Nurserythrough Grade VHI

CPi-ently through Giade Vj Grade VI 1967,Grade VTI 1968, Grade Vffl 1969).

A comprehensive curriculum begin-ning with Nursery designed for bestpossible preparation for secondaryschools and beyond. Primary objec-tive: Sound skills in Reading, Writ-ing, Mathematics, Foreign Language,Music, Art and Physical Education.Curriculum also includes ReligiousEducation.% East 90th Street — Upper Softool1 East 92nd Street — Lower School

(EN 9-8040)NEW YOKK, N. V. lOOiis

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Schools of the Church98th Year

KEMPERHALL

Beautiful Lake Shore CampusBoarding and day school for girls

Thorough college preparation and trainingfor purposeful Christian living. Unusualopportunities in Fine Arts. Sports program.Junior school department. Under directionof the Sisters of St. Mary. (Episcopal)

For Catalog Address:

Kenosha, Wisconsin, 53141

THE CHURCHFARM SCHOOL

GLEN LOCH, PA.

A School for Boys Dependent on One tarnt

Grades — 6th through 12th

College Preparatory and Vocational Tain-ing: Sports: Soccer, Basketball, Track,

Cross-Country

Learn to study, work, play on 1600 acrefarm in historic Chester Valley.Boys Choir — Religious Training

CHARLES W. SHREINER, JR.Headmaster

Post Office: Box S. Paoli, Pa.

LENOX SCHOOL

A Church School in the Berkshire Hills forboys 12-18 emphasizing Christian ideal andcharacter through simplicity of plant andequipment, moderate tuition, the co-operatrreself-help system and informal, personal re-lationships among boys and faculty.

REV. ROBERT L. CURRY, Headmsstm-LENOX, MASSACHUSETTS

THE WOODHULL SCHOOLS

Nursery to CollegeHOIXIS, L. I.Sponsored by

ST. GABRIEL'S EPISCOPAL CHURCHunder the direction of the rector,THE REV. ROBERT Y. CONDIT

SAINT AGNES SCHOOLGirls Episcopal Boarding (.Grades 7-12)and Country Day School (.Grades K-12)

Fully accredited college preparatory and gen-eral courses. Music, Drama, Arts, all Sports.Small classes. Individual attention and guid-ance stressed. Established 1870. 49 - acrecampus. Write for catalog.

HAMILTON H. BOOKHOUT, HeadmasterSAINT AGNES SCHOOL

Box W., Albany, N. Y. 12211

DeVeaux SchoolNiagara Falls, New York

FOUNDED 1853

A Church School for boys in the Diocese ofWestern New York. Grades thru 12. Col-lege Preparatory. Small Classes. 50 acreCampus, Resident Faculty. Dormitories for130, School Building, Chapel, Gymnasiumand Swimming Pool; 9 interscholastic sports,Music, Art.

DAVID A. KENNEDY, M.A., Headmaster

THE RT. REV. LAIIBISTON L. SCATFE, D-D.

Chairman, Board of Trustees

VALLEY FORGEMILITARY ACADEMYand JUNIOR COLLEGE

Here, "at the N a t i o n ' sShrine," education e x t e n d sbeyond the academic to build

character, and develop leadership.Grades 9 through 12 and Jr. College.America's most beautiful campus. 96modern buildings. Highest scholasticstandards. Nationally accredited. In-dividualized guidance and tutoring.Social development. Extensive read-ing and spelling clinics. All sportsincluding horsemanship and polo. Re-nowned bands. Sr. Army ROTC.Summer camps.Catalog. Box W, Wayne, Pa. 19087

ST. MARGARETS SCHOOLCOLLEGE PREPARATION FOR GIRLS

Fully accredited. Grades 8-12. Musicart, dramatics. Small classes. Allsports. On beautiful RappahannockRiver. Episcopal. Summer School.Write for catalog.

Viola H. Woolfolk,Box W. Tappahannock, Virginia

Shattuck SchoolFOUNDED 1858

A boys' college preparatory school

related to The Diocese of Minnesota.

For information write

C. BURGESS ATOES, S.B. A. M.

Headmaster

A-169 SHUMWAT HALL

FARIBATJLT, MINNESOTA 55021

N O R T H W E S T E R N

A C A D E M Y

LAKE GENEVA, WISCONSINRev. James Howard Jacobson

Superintendent and Rector

An outstanding military college pre-paratory school for boys 12 to 18grades 8 through 12. Fireproof build-ings, modern science department,excellent laboratory and academicfacilities. 90 acre campus withextensive lake shore frontage, new8 court gym. Enviable year 'roundenvironment. All sport, includingriding and sailing. Accredited. Sum-mer Camp. Write for catalogue

164 South Lake Shore Road.

BethanySchool

Episcopal Elementary andJunior High Day and

Boarding SchoolGirls Grades 1-9

Boys (day only) grades 1-3Kindergarten (day only)

For detailed information, write:Principal

Bethany School495 Albion Are.,

Cincinnati, Ohio 46246

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