automark december 2011

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Editorial

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D-68, Block-9, Clifton,Karachi

Visit us: www.automark.pk

E-mail: [email protected]

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Tel : 021-32218526 Mobile: 0321-2203815

Pakistan’s Premier Magazine for Industry

December 2011 Vol 4, Issue 12

MONTHLY

Editor :

Sub Editor :Technical Editor:

Contributing Writers :

M. Hanif Memon

Dr. Raja Irfan SabirMuhammad Shahzad

Muhammad ShahzadYakoob GazianiAli HassanShahzad TabishOmer RashdiMohammad DanishM. Muneeb Jawed

Advisors :

Circulation Mngr. :Graphic Designer :

Imtiaz RastgarCEO, Rastgar Group &CBI External ExpertIslamabad

Abdul Majeed SheikhPresident,AOTS-ABK Dosokai,Karachi Regional Center &Director (MME),NED University - Karachi

M. Yakoob GazianiCEOLORD Institute of TechnologyKarachi

Haider NawabAdvisor Planning & Devp.Toyota Southern MotorsToyota Defence MotorsKarachi

J. PereiraGeneral ManagerProduct Support DivisionAl-Haj FAW Motors (Pvt) Ltd.Karachi

Engr. IHT FarooquiGeneral Manager PlantKarakoram Motors (Pvt) Ltd.,Karachi

Salman HanifTahir Siddiqui

Punjab government would launch new CNGbuses in the garrison city to improve the shortageof public transport in the area.

Provincial government would purchase thesebuses from its own funds from China and wouldprovide transporters on easy installments.Provincial government would purchase thesebuses from its own funds from China and wouldprovide transporters on easy installments.Government would also provide 20 per centoperational subsidy to the owners of the buses.

To provide parking place, the City DistrictGovernment Rawalpindi (CDGR) has issuednotice to Varan Tours a private firm to vacatethe Punjab government`s general bus stands atSaddar and Peshawar Road within a month.“Yes, the provincial government is all set tolaunch CNG buses on 11 routes of the city fromnext year and in this regard, it would callexpression of interest from transporters afterAshura,” said Syed Asad Kazmi, RegionalTransport Authority (RTA) Secretary, whiletalking to press media.

In the current shortage of natural gas (CNG) inthe country CNG buses would not get popularityin the garrison city due to shortage of gas. “CNGis not available for the existing public transport,how will it cater to the needs of these buses?On the other hand, transporters were sufferinghuge loses while passengers were in troubleowing to frequent suspension of CNG.

Government was not taking serious measuresto end gas crisis and the plan of launching CNGbuses would worsen the sate of affairs, also localtransporters were not interested in getting theCNG buses on installments and therefore theproject would badly fail.

Shortage of NaturalGas and new CNG busproject in Lahore


The Monthly Magazine for Pakistan Automotive Sector

CONTENTS

Bike Industry Divided in Two Groups 10-12Exclusive Article by Ali Hassan

Motorcycle rickshaw in completion 13-14with public transportExclusive Article by M. Owais Khan

CNG Rickshaw Production 15Figures year 2008 to 2011

Pakistan Motorcycle Production 16-17Figures year 2008 to 2011

Auto industry ill-prepared 18

New Super Star Motorcycle 2012 19

Lanching ceremony Unique Motorcycle 20-21

Enhancing PMTF's credit limit 27

Cylinder arrangement; Optimized 33Exclusive by Shahzad Tabish

Diesel Fuel Injection by Omar Rashidi 34

The History of Transportation 35by Iqbal Wajid

The Engine, heart and power 36-37source of your carExclusive car care articel by M. Shahzad

Light Emitting Diodes (LED) 39-39by M. Yakoob Gaziani

Young Pakistani man lives for 44his passion for toy cars

Local Assembled/Imported car price 46

Motorcycles market prices 48-49

visit: www.automark.pk

December-2011


Perturbed by the already recurringproblems, the Chinese motorcycleassemblers have now come out with aclaim that they are one of the maincontributors of paying duties and taxesto the national kitty instead of listedbike assemblers at the stock exchange.The low cost bike makers now try toexpose the real beneficiary ofgovernment policies who pay less taxesand duties as compared to other bikeassemblers.

After a thoroughinvestigation, the Chinese

bike makers believe that thegovernment has divided thebike makers in two groups incollecting taxes and duties.One of the bike makers areopenly importing parts for

bike assembling through inputoutput ratio certificate (IORC)by paying only five to 10 percent import duty. The second

type of bike assemblers(around 60 units) are paying32.5 per cent import duty plus

sales tax thus paying acumulative 47.5 per cent dutyfor producing cheap bikes ascompared to Japanese bike

assemblers.Association of Pakistan Motorcycle

Assemblers (APMA) says that a questionarises whether the IORC basedassemblers are contributing moretowards revenue generation or theassemblers paying 47.5 per cent dutypay more taxes and duties.The IORC based assemblers are alreadypaying more due to high valuation adviceon parts and accessories while underIORC the name of parts are beingimported by changing their names.Under IORC the government is beingdeprived from getting the required taxesand duties due to tax evasion while theseassemblers also do not fall under anykind of valuation advice.APMA said that the government mustinitiate an enquiry on tax collection inorder to ascertain whether theassemblers utilizing IORC facility arepaying more revenue or the assemblersimporting parts by paying 47.5 per centduty are contributing more towardsrevenue generation.As per approved list prepared by theEngineering Development Board (EDB),

small assemblers are paying taxes andduties by importing parts andaccessories but smuggling of parts isthriving by changing names of partsunder IORC.A sizable number of containers loadedwith finished parts and accessories landin the country and in connivance withCustom Examination the names of partslisted in IORC list is pasted and insteadof paying 47.5 per cent import duty,these parts are being cleared at nominalrate of five to 10 per cent import duty.To offset the impact of high labor cost,rising utility charges and otherexpenditures bike parts are beingimported from China where labor ischeap coupled with huge volume ofproduction.Market is abuzz with reports thatJapanese bike maker are also workingwith China while a leading Japanesebike assembler has set up an office inChina.

APMA rejects the Tariff Based System(TBS) made seven years back termingit threatening for many industries but

some assemblers are pressing thegovernment for its continuation.

APMA says that some leading bikeassemblers claim of achieving over 90per cent deletion level in two wheelersbut it is beyond understanding s as

from where the raw material used formaking parts locally is coming.

What is the share of imported parts like

Bike Industry Dividedin Two Groups

Bike Industry Dividedin Two Groups

Monthly Automark | December-2011 | Page 10

Automotive Sector - Exclusive Aritcle

IORC facility users versus high rate of dutypayers on parts import

APMA claims with authority and evidences that over 50 per cent ofthe parts used in bike assembling are not available in Pakistan then

why wrong policies are being made to benefit acertain group of assemblers.




plastic and rubber, chemicals, aluminumand sheet metal and other raw materialsin the total cost of bike assembling?Besides, a number of sub assembly,components and sub components arebeing imported under IORC. It seemsthat the cost of importing thesecomponents in open form is included inthe cost of locally produced parts.APMA claims with authority andevidences that over 50 per cent of theparts used in bike assembling are notavailable in Pakistan then why wrongpolicies are being made to benefit acertain group of assemblers.The government has unearthed taxevasion cases of some bike assemblersand auto parts vendors but after greasingthe palm of officials the cases were sentin the cold storages.Besides facing these bottlenecks, thebike makers have again knocked thedoor of Director General Excise andTaxation Punjab which has again startedtreating step motherly treatment withmany bike assemblers.

In sharp contrast to itspolicy, the E&T Punjab hasgranted permission to the

maker of Pak Hero forregistration of CM Licence

up to June 30, 2013.In another case, the makerof Crown Lifan 70cc and

100cc bike was also grantedpermission regarding

renewal/registration of twowheelers, CM Licence up toSeptember 30, 2012 and upto May 30, 2012 respectively.

APMA says thousands of motorcyclerunning on roads without registrationby E&T especially in rural area's ofPunjab due to again and againdiscontinuation of the registration ofloc al ly ma nufa ct ured Chinese

motorcycles which is the big loss ofgovernment revenue and the bignational security risk for the country inthis apprehension atmosphere.The new practice of renewal registrationsystem by E&T Punjab for any brandsof vehicle is unnecessary lengthy whichcause to establish again the trend to ridethe motorcycle without registration ofE&T depart.

Previously the E&T Punjab wasallowing the registration order of anyvehicles against the CM- license as perlaw of Government of Punjab but nowadd-up more and more unnecessarydocuments especial ly the EDBcertificates which is issued quarterly /yearly basis as per desire of EDB.

The EDB certificate is only allowedfor the production of new vehicle brandor revalidation of existing brands fornext quarter or year. But the E&Tdepartment responsible to registeredthe already produced existing brandsvehicles (within the previous allow ofEDB) as the payments of all kind of taxes

such as custom duties, sales tax, incometax and E&T dues also paid bymanufacturer which is always in stockby many of motorcycle dealers in allover the country. The discontinuationof registration by E&T of already soldvehicles and stocked in the market isillegal and contrary of justice.The registration of locally manufacturedvehicle is the main requirements of thisindustry to trade in local market of anyprovince of Pakistan. The badly delayof renewal / registration order ofmotorcycle manufacturers and monthto month renewal of local manufacturedChinese motorcycle is new practiceagainst the law by office of thedirectorate general Punjab Excise andtaxation department.

The Motor Vehicle RegistrationSystem (MVRS) is important, not onlyfor the direct functioning of the E&TD,but also for other stakeholders andconcern trade bodies such as APMA,PAMA and PAAPAM legal Forum thatneed to interact with the system. Thecapability to access data from the systemand also to interact with it enables themotorcycle registration system to bemore accurate, reliable and meaningful.Theref o re , in t he i nt egra t edenvironment, the enhanced role ofVehicle Registration Systems is not justproviding vehicle data but also tobecome the channel for a proactive andtwo way relationships between theE&TD and External Stakeholders whichis very important for national security.To facilitate fast growing Chinese madebikes, APMA proposes that once thecompany is registered by E&T asregistered by FBR then without anyintimation to the said company thediscontinuation of registration of themanufactured vehicle in all excise andtaxation officers / MRAs in the Punjabis illegitimate after the permission wasgranted by E&TD.

APMA urges to differentiate andseparate the renewal /registration ofmotorcycle and auto rickshaw as

APMA urges to differentiate and separate the renewal /registration ofmotorcycle and auto rickshaw as motorcycle is vehicle of poor

common people of the country and local assembled Chinese motorcycleis the main source of low cost good quality motorcycle to serve the

poor common people of Pakistan. Again and again ban of registrationof low cost Chinese motorcycles in all excise and taxation

officers / MRAs in the Punjab is not in favor of the commonpeople and revenue generated industry.

continued on next page


motorcycle is vehicle of poor commonpeople of the country and localassembled Chinese motorcycle is themain source of low cost good qualitymotorcycle to serve the poor commonpeople of Pakistan. Again and again banof registration of low cost Chinesemotorcycles in all excise and taxationofficers / MRAs in the Punjab is not infavor of the common people and revenuegenerated industry.

The E&T department can call thevalid documents any time or on expiryof submitted documents but withoutdiscontinuation of registration aspractice in other provinces of thecountry.The again and again month to monthban on registration is only trend ofE&TD Punjab and no stoppage ofregistration in practice in the otherprovinces but the call of valid documentsby E&TD are in practice in other districtE&T departments as call letters isregularly issued by E&T departments

on expiry of CM-licenses to esteemedmotorcycle industrialist and if anycompany fail to submit the validdocuments within the given time thenthe stoppage of registration of newmotorcycle is legitimate instead to stopthe registration of previously producedor stocked motorcycle as practice in theother district of the country.

E&TD Punjab should support tothe same system without stoppage ofregistration of any locally manufacturedmotorcycle to encourage the growth ofmotorcycle industry.Individual Verification of CM-licenseand EDB certificates is unnecessarybecause the detail list of approvedassembler cum manufactures is availableonline on FBR , PSQCA & on EDBwebsite or E&T department can get oncea year updated approve lists ofm o t o r c y c l e a s s e mb l e r s c u mmanufacturers by EDB & PSQCA.The entire requirement for the approvalof registration of any new products

should be completed by one time andno application accepted by thedepartment without the completion ofall formalities in one time by the vehiclemanufacturers to avoid any deceptionby anyone.

Any kinds of Taxes duesapplicable on manufactures should beaccepted through pay order or demanddraft instead to cash payments in banksaccounts of E&T Punjab at Bank inLahore to facilitate the entireindustrialist of the country.

APMA urges that during thedepartmental procedure of amendmentsin renewal / registration system for localmanufactured Chinese motorcycles byPu n j a b E &T D a s p e r a bo v erecommendations, the department staffshould give priority to the issuance ofRenewal / registration order of localmanufactured Chinese motorcycles asper previouse practice of E&TD Punjabinstead of month to month renewal....

Assemblers (APMA) says that a question arises whether the IORCbased assemblers are contributing more towards revenue generation

or the assemblers paying 47.5 per cent duty pay more taxes and duties.APMA said that the government must initiate an e

nquiry on tax collection in order to ascertain whether the assemblersutilizing IORC facility are paying more revenue or the assemblers

importing parts by paying 47.5 per cent duty are contributingmore towards revenue generation.



On the recommendations of theEngineering Development Board (EDB),the Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) hasstopped concessionary import ofc o mp o n e n t s , i n c l u d i n g s u b -components. Component, sub-assemblies and assemblies imported ina n y k i t f o r m , b y s i xa s se mb le rs / ma n u f a c t u re rs o fmotorcycles and auto rickshaws.The FBR has issued instructions to allCollectors of Customs Model CustomsCollectorates (MCCs) to implement therecommendations of the EDB for notallowing concessionary rate of customsduty on the import made by sixa s se mb le rs / ma n u f a c t u re rs o fmotorcycles and auto rickshaws.According to FBR’s instructions, theMCCs should further proceedaccordingly as per advice of the EDB.The EDB had informed the FBR aboutthe non-revalidation of manufacturingc e r t i f i c a t e b y s i xa s se mb le rs / ma n u f a c t u re rs o fmotorcycles and auto rickshaws for2010-2011 without any direct import,as required under SRO.656(i)/2006,their Manufacturing Certificates andlists of importable components have not

been revalidated for the current fiscalyear.The EDB had further requested the FBRto direct its field formations not to allowt he a bo ve na med f i rms a nyconcessionary imports under SRO656(i)/2006 dated June 22, 2006. ThePakistan Standards and Quality ControlAuthority (PSQCA) and ProvincialRegistration Authorities are also beingrequested not to entertain the productsof these firms for registration, besidesissuing of CM licenses due to non-conformity with the conditions of theregulatory regime, the EDB said.Under SRO 656(i)/2006, the federalgovernment has allowed concessionaryrate of customs duty on the import ofcomponents (which include sub-components, components, sub-assemblies and assemblies but excludedconsumables), imported in any kit form,and direct materials for assembly ormanufacture of specified vehicles. Oneof the condit ions of the SRO656(i)/2006 is that the importer-cum-assembler or manufacturer shall directlyimport the components as per the listsduly approved by the EDB or shallprocure them from a sales tax registered

local vender, manufacturers suchcomponents and will maintain recordsaccordingly. On the other hand, certainassemblers/ manufacturers of 2/3wheelers have not made direct importsas required under SRO 656(i)/2006.These assemblers/manufacturers havepurchased under-invoiced good/kitsfrom commercial importers which is notadmissible under the SRO 656(i)/2006. As certain assemblers/manufacturersand the EDB has not revalidated theirManufacturing Certificates.The EDB had requested the FBR not toallow concessionary imports of someassemblers/manufacturers, which failedto fulfil the laid down conditions of theSRO 656(i)/2006. The FBR will notentertain applications of concessionaryimports made under the SRO656(i)/2006 in cases where the EDBhas not revalidated their ManufacturingCertificates. Resultantly, suchassemblers/manufacturers would notbe allowed import kits including sub-components, components, sub-assembl ies a nd a ssemblies atconcessionary rate of customs duty.

6 Motorcycle, Auto-Rickshaw Assemblers disallowed concessionary components import


Motorcycle rickshaw incompletion with public

transport


Automotive Sector - Exclusive Article

Many projects are launched either tobenefit a particular party or withoutmaking any feasibility report relatingto its merit and demerit for theconsumers or sometimes for creatinga hurdle for any party running anidentical project.One of the main examples is themassive growth in two wheeler segment(70cc) touching new peak thanks toPervaiz Musharraf government’sdecision of opening the markets toChinese assemblers. As a result, theproduction has now crossed 1.5 millionunits a year from the 100,000 units ayear few years back when the maker ofHonda bike used to rule the market. Thepeople have definitely benefitted fromthe arrival of low cost bikes.Investors, smelling burgeoning demand,took the risk few years back and signedjoint venture agreement with Chinesecounterparts to assemble low cost bikein order to tap the huge market demand.Finally the market has now reached asaturation point due to existence of over60 assemblers in which some arecompeting successfully with Hondabikes besides enjoying good marketshare while others are struggling tosurvive. Sometimes it seems that bikepopulation has exceeded two times morethan the prevailing cars (locallyproduced and imported).While the bike industry was flourishingmany media reports have also emergedabout the malpractices and tax evasionby both Japanese and Chinese bikemakers. Low cost bike makers blamethe makers of Honda bike for creatinghurdles in their way by influencing thegovernment officials while the Japanesebike makers hold them responsible forevading taxes and duties. However,consumers are more interested ingetting cheaper products but they

definitely suffer when the bike makingcompany gets involved in corruptioncases leading to closure of factorybesides eroding the value of bike in themarket.The main beneficiaries of opening themarket for new players by the MusharrafGovernment are the consumers whofailed to purchase bike due to high pricesof Honda CDi 70cc. Besides low price,the problem of non availability of publictransport in many areas also proved asa genuine reason in boosting up of twowheeler assembly in Pakistan.In view of the growing population ofKarachi as well as in the country, itseems that cheaper bikes are nowproving insufficient to meet thetransportation demand following risinghuman population.Those Chinese bike assemblers, who

enjoyed good sales, have invested inintroducing motorcycle rickshaws tocater the needs of many people whohate paying more money on publictransport buses despite being run onCNG.Like the two wheelers, the CNGrickshaw and motorcycle rickshaw(petrol version) have made deeperinroads in our country. Many profitmaking two wheeler assemblers havefurther invested in assemblingmotorcycle rickshaws (bike plus hood).After an over whelming response in

Punjab in the last few years thanks tothe concept introduced by Qingqi -- themotorcycle rickshaws are now runningside by side with other mode oftransports in Karachi. The risingpopulation of motorcycle rickshawsometimes poses threat for further roadcongestion which was expanded by thethen City Nazim Mustafa Kamal.The motorcycle rickshaws have beenintroduced on smaller routes of fewkilometers on which the commuterstravel by mini bus or big buses loadedwith passengers at peak office hourstimings.

Many people think when the megacity already has over 10,000

vehicles (buses, mini buses andcoaches) plying on the roads

coupled with huge presence oflocally produced and imported

used cars, CNG rickshaws andLPG rickshaws then there wasno need to further inject new

mode of transport on the alreadypacked roads which get further

choked in the mornings andafternoons timings mainly.

One of the main benefits of themotorcycle rickshaws is that thepassengers get the seat to reach thedestination. By the time the

Motorcycle rickshaw incompletion with public

transportMarket people say that more than 20 assemblers are making

motorcycle rickshaws to meet the rising demand of transport andan estimated 250,000-300,000 units are being produced on

annual basis.

by Ali Hassan



Automotive Sector - Exclusive Articlecommuters feel sad of getting no seatanother motorcycle rickshaw arrives.For example a customer must have overRs 15-20 in his pocket to reach NipaChowrangi from Nusrat Bhutto Colonyor Sakhi Hassan by mini bus or coach.Bus operators now also charge over Rs10 for one stop. Travelling by mini busand big bus is time consumingdepending on the mood of drivers torun the vehicle besides no chance ofgetting a seat. By paying Rs 10 only anda seat with no hassle of loading thepassenger on next stop or in the wayone can easily reach the requireddestination even earlier than big busand mini bus.There is also no threat of any CNGcylinder explosion in motorcyclerickshaw which runs on petrol. Theexplosion of CNG cylinder either of usingused gas cylinder or due to collision withother vehicles has now shaken the mindsof many consumers who feel that thegovernment must impose ban on use ofold cylinder in public transport.In view of law and order situation andrising cases of snatching valuables, cashand mobile phones at gun point in publictransport – the brief journey onmotorcycle rickshaws looks safe as ittakes up the load of only six persons.However, standing on a road side or abus stop is also not safe any moreespecially in odd hours.

Many people think that the rideon motorcycle rickshaw

sometimes gets bumpy as well ashighly risky when they engage inracing with other operators on

same route. In office timings thedrivers of these rickshaws indulgein wild driving to get the passengerfirst while in non office hours they

drive it at normal speed.Many consumers feel that they reachthe places much earlier than publictransport but they are exposed for manythreats as they do not know whether theoperators of these vehicles have thefitness certificate from the government.However, the fitness certificate does nothold any value keeping in view of publicbuses’ poor health and interior/exteriorcondition as they are running aftergetting fitness certificate.Fitness certificate does not matter mostfor many commuters as they feel that atleast they are sitting on a new locallyproduced vehicle (bike plus hood) butthey do not know that many operatorsof these transports have purchased used

bike first and then attach the hood. Somehave purchased new bikes and thenattached the hood. In a nutshell all theoperators must have vehicle fitnesscertificate.A rickshaw driver operating betweenNipa Chowrangi and Sakhi HassanChowrangi looks satisfied by saying thathe saves Rs 500 to Rs 600 a day afterpaying Bharra (operating rent) of Rs300 a day to the investor. He said manypeople have purchased seven to 11rickshaws and handed over to variousAddas (like bus stand or operatingauthority) and getting the per day rentfrom them on behalf of drivers.As he claimed that since the governmenthas not allowed any route permit – anAdda is situated at Nipa Chowrangiwhere a person provides a number ofthe vehicle or sort of route permit whichthe rickshaw driver displays at the topof the driving seat prominently and alsoat other areas of the body.These types of Addas are being operatedby the persons who in connivance withthe Police and other transportauthorities are managing the operations

of motorcycle rickshaws.

The driver said that an investorhas to pay Rs 20,000 to Rs 40,000

to the Addas to get the routepermit. He says the maintenance

of the rickshaw in theresponsibility of the investor.

Due to problems of route permitshe said most of the motorcyclerickshaws are being run on the

shorter distance of main roads orinside the big commercial roads

in nearby residential areas.He said two types or motorcyclerickshaws are available – one at Rs80,000-90,000 with factory fitted hoodwhile another way is to buy a new bikeat Rs 42,000-44,000 and then attach ahood costing Rs 40,000.On petrol consumption he said he fillsRs 30-40 worth of petrol to go and comefrom Nipa Chowrangi to Sakhi Hassan

Chowrangi.On safety of passengers, he said sincethe route is very short then there arehardly any cases of accidents or turningof rickshaw at high speeds.It is still not clear whether theserickshaws are registered with thetransport authority as commercialvehicles or they have got route permitin Karachi and Sindh. However, similarrickshaws have already been broughtunder the tax net in Punjab.In March this year, the print media hadreported that the issuance of fitnesscertificate by the traffic police wasperhaps the only impediment in theregistration of motorcycle rickshaw inSindh.Meanwhile CNG rickshaw drivers donot feel threatened over the surgingnumbers of these rickshaws in the citysaying that these rickshaws are realcompetitors of various public busoperators for whom these rickshawowners must have caused shortfall inthe daily earnings of bus owners.Some government officials believe thatit is a matter of great concern that anumber of motorcycle rickshaws areplying on different routes in variouscities of the province and still not beenbrought under the umbrella ofgovernment revenue/ taxation (motorregistration, route permits, fitnesscertificate).The operators of motorcycle rickshawsbelieve that they are operating on thelink roads of the city where no othersource of public transport is availablefor the backward localities, so they areproviding cheaper transport facilities tothe people on these routes.

Every project that creates a newindustrial base in the country,provides new job avenues and

helps government in getting morerevenues should be encouraged at

any cost but the governmentshould maintain a limit of allowingnew units as many times a cartel

like situation emerges and themanufacturers form a cartel to

play havoc with prices on demandand supply basis.

Market people say that more than 20assemblers are making motorcyclerickshaws to meet the rising demand oftransport and an estimated 250,000-300,000 units are being produced onannual basis.....

by Ali Hassan



Automotive Sector - Update

Sharjah government is the leadingfacilitator for the provisioning of aunique and innovated opportunity bylaunching of Sharjah Auto Park, whichwas long awaited platform for theMiddle East and international businesscommunity. The trade fair is a jointventure project of Leading Saudideveloper, Al Hanoo with themanagement collaboration of GigaInvestment in order to serve more than1200 business entrepreneurs at SharjahAuto Park for those who willing to grabthe exciting location on first come firstserve basis by expressing their interestacross all segments of auto industrysectors internationally.A large number of auto trade globalcompanies entered the UAE market tobenefit from its promising investmentconditions and high capabilities as wellas preference of the consumer to dealdirectly with automobiles traders thosesurely need one stop shop for theirdealings and an show case theircomplete range under one roof likeSharjah Auto Park. As per the autoindustry statistics UAE automotivemarket grew by 19.7 percent in 2010 to11.1 billion (Dhs 40.7 billion) and 2011has crossed the market businesscompared to past years with the fastgrowing pace (out of 40.7 billion Dhsturn over the Pakistanis proudly enjoy65 percent market share) resulting intoSharjah Auto Park the best ever gift tothe auto trade business communitylocated in Sharjah and the otheremirates along with neighbouringcountries especially Pakistan on heauspicious 40th National Day of UAEand once again Giga Group playing greatrole of bridging the gap between UAEand business community globally. staffreport...

The country’s automotive industry is illprepared and not taking any initiativeto face the flood of auto parts from Indiafollowing the MFN status to India byPakistan.According to industry experts, thegovernment as usual is not interestedin playing its role in NTB Legal FrameWork setup. Information’s available onthe website of the Pakistan CommerceMinistry and its quick comparison withthe Indian Counterpart shows theunderstanding level of our policymakers.PAAPAM Chairman Syed NabeelHashmi said that there are Pakistan-specific barriers in place in India. Theseinclude lack of infrastructure at ports ofentry, bureaucratic and administrativemishandling, visa restrictions andsurveillance of visitors to India, bankinglimitations and restrictive trade routes.On the Pakistan side he said that wehave a wide loop in evaluation atshipping ports, under invoicing and mis-declaration are some of the majorconcerns that if addressed, would havegiven some sort of confidence to localindustry. NTB’s even if enacted do notplay any role if you have porous Shippingports. He asked the government toconsider the fact that the industrycontributes 6 percent of total FBRcollection; 1.4 million Pakistanis areearning their livelihood through theindustry; Automobile Industryconstitutes 15 percent of large scaleindustry and has second largestinvestment after energy sector inPakistan. Therefore the governmentshould always restrict auto parts and

automobile imports in all theirint ernat iona l agreements a ndcommitments e.g. it is already includedin its Negative List for Afghan TransitTrade Agreement of 1965; also in theAppendix G for restricting trade of suchitems from India; and also in the‘Sensitive List’ for South Asian FreeTrade Area [SAFTA]. Sensitive Listunder SAFTA means allowable importswith ‘No tariff concession’.Paapam chairman agreed that neitherthe industry of the country nor theIndustry is educated enough and neitheris the Government. We are being toldto learn the tricks of the WTO but evenwith NTM’s or NTB’s in place who isgoing to correct the faulty import regimeof Pakistan.We have porous borders and importregimes that allow valuation andclearance of High Tech engine parts byweight. What would NTB’s do there? Heproposed imposition of ‘Pakistan’sAutomotive Non Tariff Barriers’ likePakistan’s Vehicle Safety Standards,Pakistan’s Vehicle Quality Standardsand Pakistan’s Vehicle Logistics & TradeStandards etc. "However, this can onlybe possible through capacity building,including human resource developmentand availability of vehicle testingequipment’s, of government agencieslike Ministry of Science & Technology,Engineering Development Board andMinistry of Industries & Production,"they added. The National TariffCommission and The Pakistan StandardQuality Control Authority can both playan active role if their capacities arebuilt....

Auto industryill-prepared

Unique opportunity

for auto business


Monthly Automark | November-2011 | Page 19

Motorcycle Sector - New Model

Another Star by Memon Motor

Memon Motor of Hyderabadlaunched new model 2012 of

Super Star motorcycle

Memon Motor, progressive assembler

cum manufacturer of famous brands of

two and three wheeler motorcycle &

Rickshaw has recently launched their

new model of motorcycle Super Star SS-

70 model 2012 in 70cc category.

A graceful Launching Ceremonies held

in Hyderabad, Karachi, Lahore &

Multan in various hotels & other

locations.

Large number of Dealers & Vendors

from across the country attended the

ceremony held on November 18 in

Karachi.

Memon Motor’s is one of the top largest

assembler of motorcycles and rickshaws

in Pakistan.

The new model has not changed

significantly on the engine or mechanical

face. The major change is on the

cosmetic front which makes it look more

eye-catching.

Addressing the audience on the occasion

Jawed Memon, Director Sales &

Marketing, Memon Motors said He feels

very proud that we are introducing new

model of super star motorcycle to fulfill

our customers requirement.

He said that Super Star is the most

valuable brand of motorcycle in the

country with unmatched reputation in

a very short period of its existence for

high quality, reliability and after-sales-

service. He believes that dealers will

continue their support to the company

and will enjoy equal benefits from the

new model.

Management of the company distributed

the token shield to the dealers and

company employees. Most of the

directors and company well-wishers

were present at the occasion....



D .S . Mot or s , a ssembler c um

manufacturer of Unique motorcycles

and rickshaws a recognized name in two

and three wheeler auto sector, has

launched its new model 2011-2012 UD-

70cc Unique motorcycle last month in

Karachi.

As per motorcycle production figures

release by EDB, since last four years

unique motorcycle is the top selling

branded motorcycle in Pakistan. A

privilege for the company is that they

are not just selling in the country but

are also exporting to other countries and

bringing foreign exchange back to

Pakistan.

Grand launching ceremonies were held

which were attended by all the dealers

of Unique motorcycle and vendors from

across the country, people may

remember this event for a long time.

On the occasion of the launching

ceremony Chairman Amin Khatri said

that customers & our dealers across the

country are demanding for a long time

to bring a new model for unique 70cc

motorcycle and company was working

on the model 2011-2012, today we are

proud to inform you that with the help

of all the employees of the company we

are able to bring the new model ahead

of the new year. I would like to say many

thanks to all the dealers and vendors for

their special support for our products.

He highlighted that the new model will

fulfill the requirements of the riders of

this segment.

He said that by launching the new model

will also create a new customer segment

which will not help the company’s profit

but also create a new business

opportunity for the dealers and vendors

at large, he hoped and looked for their

kind support in future.

New model does not change significantly

on the engine or mechanical face. The

major changes are on the cosmetic front

which makes it look more eye-catching.

Management of the company distributed

the token shield to the dealers and

company employees......

D.S. Motors launches Unique 70ccmotorcycle 2012 model

Number one choice of Pakistani nation

Motorcycle Sector - Launching Ceremony



Motorcycle Sector - Launching Ceremony




G o v e r n m e n t w i l lsupport manufacturingof a low-cost, energy-efficient and spaciousindigenous car whichwill cost almost three-fourths of other cars inPakistan with sames p e c i f i c a t i o n s .E n g i n e e r i n gDevelopment Board(EDB) should facilitateand support industry inm a n u f a c t u r i n g ahundred per centindigenous car whichcan be termed as a trulynational car and whichshou ld bec ome asymbol of quality in theworld of auto engineering, said FederalSecretary Industries Aziz Ahmad Bilour.Automotive industry has been an activeand growing field in Pakistan for a longtime. However, it is still not asestablished to figure in prominent listof top automotive industries. Despitesignificant production volumes, transferof technology and localisation of vehiclecomponents remains low. Most cars inthe country have dual fuel options andrun on CNG which is more affordableand cheaper than petrol in the country.Bilour said industrialists need to bringinnovation, out-of-box ideas andknowledge-based ac t ivi t ies inmanufacturing to boost demand forPakistani products in internationalmarket. Proposal for conversion ofexisting car models into bullet-proofcars was also discussed. The meetingwas informed that by using latesttechnology, locally assembled cars canbe converted into bullet-proof carswithout adding unnecessary weight anddisturbing efficiency of the car. EDBCEO, Aitazaz Niazi proposed thatexports of engineering goods fromPakistan, which currently stand at $1.45billion, can surge up tremendously if

engineering companies are facilitatedand sponsored to exhibit their productsin industrial fairs world wide.Engineering companies are currentlyfacing difficulty in exhibiting theirproducts international fairs because offinancial constraints. Bilour directedEDB to explore poss ibi li ty ofmanufacturing environment-friendlyhybrid cars which are fast becomingpopular in United States with a mileageof 51-53 miles per gallon.According to ministry of industries,Pakistan produced its first vehicle in1953, at National Motors Limited,established in Karachi to assembleBedford Trucks. Subsequently buses,light trucks and cars were assembled inthe same plant. The industry was highlyregulated until early 1990’s. Afterd eregu la t io n ma j or Ja p an esemanufacturers entered Pakistan’smarket thereby creating somecompetition in this sector. Assemblersof HINO Trucks, Suzuki Cars (1984),Mazda Trucks, Toyota (1993) andHonda (1994) in particular, entered oncederegulation was introduced. Assemblyof Daihatsu and Hyundai cars (1999)and various brands of LCVs and range

of mini-trucksc o m m e n c e drecently. Journeyof auto industry inPakistan from1953 to 2011 hasbeen rough, tougha nd sometimevery smooth. Cari n d u s t r y s a wboom in 2006-2007 when salestouched a recordpeak of 180,834thanks to risingcar financing up to70-80 per cent bybanks due to lowinterest rates andr i s i n g r u r a l

buying.Since then the industry has been strivinghard to reach same sales level amid highinterest rates and Yen appreciationagainst rupee. But high farm income isgiving much support to car sales. Goodcrops this year will keep car sales briskdespite increase in prices.Car industry has invested over Rs20billion in the last four to five years tomeet growing demand. Directemployment in car industry hoversbetween 5,500-6,000 persons.Auto sector now employs 192,000people directly and around 1.2 millionindirectly and has Rs98 billion ofinvestments and contributes Rs63billion as indirect tax in the nationalexchequer......

Employment in car industry hoversbetween 5,500-6,000 persons

Govt to support low-costcar manufacturing

Auto sector now employs 192,000 people directly




Cabinet Committeeon Restructuring( C C O R ) h a sr e c o m m e n d e denhancement ofc r ed i t l i mi t ofPakistan Machine

Tool Factory (PMTF) Karachi byRs1,000 million under Government ofPakistan's (GOP's) sovereign guaranteefor its rehabilitation to address theimmediate financial constraints of thePMTF.Sources told press media reporter that

the CCOR had moved a summary to theEconomic Coordination Committee(ECC) of the Cabinet for enhancingcredit limit by Rs1,000 million undersovereign guarantee for rehabilitationof the PMTF Karachi. The CCOR hasrecommended the enhancement ofCredit Limit of PMTF by Rs.1000million under GOP's sovereignguarantee to enable it to actualize,execute orders in hand worth Rs923million, address the immediate financialconstraints and wipeout the meageraccumulated loss of Rs50 million subject

to the condition that releases out theenhanced credit limit will be made inconsultation with MoP.Sources said that a summary for abailout package of Rs2000 million forPMTF was sent for the consideration ofEconomic Coordination Committee(ECC) of the Cabinet by Ministry ofProduction (MoP) to Cabinet divisiononSeptember 28, 2011. The CabinetDivision, however , vide letterNo.199/S/2011-Com dated October 4,2011 advised to consult Finance Divisionin the matter. The Finance Division videletter No.F.1(3)CF-III/2009-849 dated26.10.2011 advised that the summarymay be placed before CabinetCommittee on Restructuring (CCOR)which was accordingly taken up withEconomic Reforms Unit (ERU) workingas secretariat to the CCOR on November11, 2011 by MOP. Concurrently, theFinance Division advised to submit aRestructuring and Business Planalongwith the Utilization Plan of thedemanded amount. The attachedpresentation on the business, utilization,and restructuring plans was sent to thefinance division as well as to CCORsecretariat.The PMTF, a unit of State EngineeringCorporation under the administrativecontrol of MoP, was established withtechnical collaboration of M/s OerilkonBuhrle & Co. Switzerland in 1968 andcommenced its commercial productionin 1971 for manufacturing a range ofmachine tools. Its products' range waslater diversified to meet the demand ofdomestic automotive sector, die castingsand armaments for Pak Army. PMTFformed a nucleus in development oflocal engineering industry and hascontributed significantly in technologyadvancement and foreign exchangesavings through import substitution.Sources said that the PMTF has playedan important role in supply of high valueadded components for auto sector and

Enhancing PMTF's credit limitby Rs1bn recommended

As many as 800 regular employees ofPakistan Machine ToolFactory (PMTF)have not been paid their monthlysalariesfor the last three months, which iscausing serious resentment among theworkers.The general secretary of the CollectiveBargaining Agent (CBA), Meraj Ahmed,said that the CBA had left no stoneunturned in resolving the issues beingfaced by the employees whilemoving thecharter of demands to the PMTFmanagement, but despite the passageof 15 months, the management hadfailed to take into account the demands.He pointed out that 700 employees wereworking on daily wages for the last 25years. They were simply paid Rs7,000monthly. The permanent employees hadalso not been promoted for the lastseveral years and that was a graveviolation of labour laws. The modus-operandi of the management was to hirethe services of workers on minimumwages and the continuity of theseservices was cut by laying off theemployees after 75 days and then issueanother contract letter. However the

factual position was that these 700employees were fulfilling their dutiessince last 25 years on minimum wages.On the other hand, the permanentemployees were also getting very meagresalaries in spite of the fact that they hadspent years as employees in differentgrades. Most of the senior employeeswere getting Rs10,000 to Rs15,000 asmonthly salary. Besides, nobenefits suchas health facilities, bonus and earnedleave, provident fund loans were allowedfor the employees. Moreover, the retiredemployees were not paid their dues suchas gratuity and even due provident fundswere delayed in payment.Meraj Ahmed pointed out thatManaging Director, Wasiuddin Ahmed,had a sympathetic frame of mindtowards workers, but due to some‘financial crunch’ his efforts did notculminate in the demands beingconsidered. In spite of several effortsmade by this scribe, the PMTF managingdirector concerned could not becontacted.(Curtse: TheNews)

Pakistan Machine Tool Factory (PMTF)employees not paid salaries

for 3 months

In the last 42 years, it has mostly remained in profit and has notrequired any assistance from Government. However, due to global

recession, establishment of organized and un-organized competitorsduring last two decades and high labour cost, PMTF is facing serious

financial crisis.




enabled tractor assemblers to achievedeletion target of around 90 percent.The PMTF is the only integrated set upin the country having capability tomanufacture auto components, machinetools and die-castings for number ofi n d u s t r i e s s u c h a s a u t o(cars/tractors/motorcycles etc), gascompanies and other engineering goodsmanufacturing industries. At present,import of Car's CKD is huge financialburden on government exchequer andPMTF, with some up-gradation, canachieve 80-85 percent deletion level incars as well. PMTF has a unique type ofinfrastructure that can excel forundertaking other high value-addeditems which the country still lacks andimports against huge cost in foreignexchange. PMTF has prepared a properPC-I for i ts up-gradation anddiversification.According to sources, the PMTF hasalways relied upon its own resourcesand never received any governmentalgrant since its inception. It has paid-offall of its loans (local & foreign) vis-à-visu n d e r t a k e n t h e B a l a n c i n gModernization Rehabilitation (BMREs)of its facilities entirely from its ownresources.In the last 42 years, it has mostlyremained in profit and has not required

any assistance from Government.However, due to global recession,establishment of organized and un-organized competitors during last twodecades and high labour cost, PMTF isfacing serious financial crisis. Thisextraordinary situation has led to a pointwhere it is almost at the verge of totalcollapse, the sources said.It is pertinent to mention that thefinance division earlier on the requestof the MOP had agreed to enhance thecredit limit facility of PMTF by Rs400million vide, letter No. F.1(3)CF-III/2009-778 dated 20.09.2011. This,however, could not be materializeddespite several persuasions by FinanceDivision and subsequent Letter ofComfort (LOC) in favour of NationalBank of Pakistan (NBP) dated04.11.2011.The NBP after lengthy deliberation,negotiation and contacts by PMTFmanagement, MOP and FinanceDivi si on d emand ed sov ere ignguarantees of the Government ofPakistan vide their letter No.MBK/CPD/PMTF/2011/953 dated16.11.2011 realizing the enhancedcredited limit in favour of PMTF. In thiscontext, the Secretary MOP also calledon the President of NBP on 24.11.2011in his office for soliciting the support

needed for the PMTF.The presentation forwarded to CCORsecretariat was taken up on November25, 2011 in its meeting held in FinanceDivision wherein following two optionswere presented:The first option is the grant of Rs1000million in shape of equity alongwithincrease in credit limit by Rs1000million under sovereign guarantee fromGOP. The second option is the Soft TermLoan of Rs1000 million along withincrease in credit limit by Rs1000million under sovereign guarantee fromGOP.After deliberation and discussion, theCCOR recommended the enhancementof Credit Limit of PMTF by Rs1000million under GOP's sovereignguarantee to enable it to actualize,execute orders in hand worth Rs923million, address the immediate financialconstraints and wipeout the meageraccumulated loss of Rs50 million subjectto the condition that releases out theenhanced credit limit will be made inconsultation with MOP.In view of the foregoing, therecommendation of CCOR has beensubmitted to ECC for approval, sourcesadded.

The Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority

(Ogra) has blacklisted six Compressed

Na t u ra l G a s ( CN G ) c y l i nd er

manufacturers for not meeting the set

standard.

According to Ogra officials, the

companies blacklisted on account of not

having international standard cylinder

testing certificate includes: Kioshi, BTC,

IGVI, Vintec, N K Corporation, MESCO,

Tailor Wharten, Chongching and UEF.

The authority has directed the following

CNG cylinder storage supplying

companies namely Cilbrass, BTIC, EKC

India, EKC UEA, Inflex and Dalmine to

acquire Canadian Power Tech

Laboratory Certificate.

If the Canadian Power Tech Laboratory

issued international standard certificate

for these blacklisted companies the

authority will allow them to operate in

the market. The authority has taken the

decision due to the continued CNG

cylinder blasts in the vehicles, which

resulted in the deaths of dozens of

people.

The companies blacklisted by the

authority are Indian, Argentina,

America, UK, Brazil, UAE, Italy and

Korea. It should be mentioned here that

hundreds of CNG cylinders supplied by

the abovementioned companies have

been installed in the vehicles.

The authority has forwarded the names

of the companies to the Federal Board

of Revenue and Custom officials so that

the companies could not import CNG

cylinders....

Substandard CNG cylindersOgra blacklists six

manufacturersIndus Motor Company (IMC) has raisedvarious vehicles` prices by around 1.5per cent on account of steep decline inrupee value against the dollar and yen.Prices on Toyota Corolla variants havebeen increased by Rs20,000 followedby Rs30,000 in Altis variants andRs15,000 in Cuore.The new prices will be Rs1,444,000Corolla (XLI), Rs1,574,000 (GLI),Rs1,879,000 (Altis AT), Rs1,789,000(Altis MT), Rs2,489,000 (Hilux 4x4Std.), Rs824,000 (Cuore CX) andRs87 4,000 ( Cuore CX CNG ).The losing strength of the rupee againstvarious currencies has made theimported completely knocked down(CKD) kits and local vendor parts morecostlier as raw material of vendors isalso imported.Increasing utility expenses and recorddepreciation in rupee which in lastmonth onlydepreciated by almost fiveper cent against Japanese Yen.

IMC raises car prices



Automotive Sector - Exclusive Article By Shahzad Tabish - NED University Karachi

Engines, of reciprocating type to beprecise have been the source of motionfor the vehicles for the past century.Innovations, although have been madein the regions of economy, size, weight& power output. Engineers have strivedhard to enhance the efficiency of theengine in past few decades; consideringall the variables associated with theengine.Size & weight of the engine remains aprime consideration when high poweroutputs are required keeping the weightto a minimal in order to utilize the powerto propel the vehicle not to propel thelumped mass of the engine itself. Inorder to reduce the weight of the engine,various materials have been tried &tested to prepare the base structure ofthe engine. Aluminum & its alloys aremost commonly utilized nowadays toprepare the base cylinder block of mostroad cars of today. Magnesium is alsoused in combination with Aluminum insome hyper cars in order to reduce theweight even further, however workingwith magnesium costs a lot more &hence is not suitable for commercial carsector.Having discussed the materials thecylinder configuration has been adebatable issue since the origination ofthe reciprocating engine itself. Variousarrangements including inline, V-type,flat & radial configurations have beendeveloped with the passage of time. Mostpopular arrangement for the ordinaryroad car is the inline configuration,which reduced weight & provides ample

power for streets. Increasingcylinder capacity & number ofcylinders in order to increasepower in an inline configurationhas been difficult due to theextreme length in case of manycylinders in a row & thedevelopment of extensive stresseson the crank shaft. Due to thisfact the V-configuration wasintroduced in vehicles to reducethe over all length of the engine.The V-type engines are compact& provide better power output;however the V-type engines are

much heavier than the inlineconfiguration engines.The cylinder configuration was an issuethat has to be optimized in order toobtain the most efficient design possible.Up till now engineers had put theirefforts in enhancing the efficiency of theengine varying other parameters.Cylinder arrangement consideration waschosen from the available designsdepending upon the requirement of thevehicle to be designed. However fewengineers from HOREX MotorcycleCompany started to revolutionize thecylinder arrangement in order tooptimize the design.

HOREX is a German brand; theengineers had been assigned thetask to develop a small, compact,light weight yet powerful enginefor the new motorcycle model theyintended to launch. Once thedesign of the all new engine wasdeveloped & the motorbike waslaunched, the applause for theengine design overshadowed thebike itself. A new patent have beenlaunched in the cylinder configuration.The new engine has optimized cylinderspace configuration for multiple cylinderlayout. A neither straight nor V-typeconfiguration were acceptable due tothe challenge to have both weight &power at its optimized form. Hence anall new configuration named VR-cylinder arrangement has beenintroduced by the engineers of HOREX.VR arrangement represents theamalgamation of V-type & inline

cylinder designs inan optimized form.The engine has sixcylinders arranged ina VR configuration.An issue that was amajor considerationduring this newdes ign wa s t hepresence of lateral stresses on piston ifthe cylinders were arranged beside eachother at an offset angle, to encounterthis problem the engineers devises anindigenous solution.We know that in a V-type configurationthe cylinders are arranged at bankedangles opposite to each other. Howeverthis increases the weight of the enginesignificantly. The new configuration alsohas banked angle which is very less ascompared to the V-type configuration.The cylinders are arranged almost sideby side so this optimizes the spaceutilization of the cylinders in the block,minimizing the weight. The reductionof bank angle between the cylinders alsohas the same effect on the weightoptimization. Hence this enabled todevelop a very efficient & optimizeddesign for the reciprocating engine,having ample power output, reducedsize & less weight. HOERX claims thatthis new design is 20-30% morecompact than any other engine of itsclass giving the same power output.In order to reduce the piston load dueto the presence of both offset & bankedangle a beveled piston shape has beenutilized in order to have flat surfaceexposed at the top.The new engine design by HOREX

is indeed a remarkableachievement in the history of

engine design. The new design canbe utilized to develop light weight

yet more powerful cars of thefuture. It is very clear after

observing such innovation thatdesign optimization could go

beyond imagination; it entirelydepends upon the skill of the

designer to skillfully craft suchmasterpieces.

Cheers!.....

HOREX introduces a new Engine cylinderarrangement configuration.

“Cylinder arrangement; Optimized”



Technology - Exclusive Article

Diesel injection system! A big variation

between a diesel engine and a gasolineengine is in the injection process. Petrol

engines use port injection or acarburetor (which mixes air and fuellong before the air enters the cylinder).

But in the new generation ofautomobile engineering, both diesel

and gasoline have developed the sameprocedure of injection i.e. directinjection. The gasoline/diesel is highly

pressurized, and injected via a commonrail fuel line directly into the combustion

chamber of each cylinder throughinjectors, now the thing which makes

the big difference in that gasoline engineuses spark plugs and diesel does nothave it but the high heat of compression.

However, we use various types of fuelpump in gasoline and diesel engines. In

this article we’re going to discuss aboutfew of diesel injection system.

What is Diesel Pump?Diesel pump is the device that pumpsand pressurized the fuel for furtherinjection process. Traditionally, the

pump is driven indirectly from thecrankshaft by gears, chains or a toothed

belt. It is responsible for injecting dieselinto the cylinders according to firing

order through injectors. As we knowthat diesel engines do not use sparkplugs to ignite the fuel in the combustion

camber but they rely entirely on the highcompression pressure of the fuel in the

cylinder to result in combustion. As aresult, diesel injection pumps are verymuch important and must be built high

pressure to produce the compressionrates of up to 15,000 psi.

All injection pumps incorporate agovernor to cut fuel supply if the crank

speed endangers the engine - the heavymoving parts of diesel engines do nottolerate over-speeding well, and

catastrophic damage can occur if theyare over-revved.

Inline Injection PumpInline diesel injection pumps wereamong the earliest design to be created,

and were generally considered veryeffective.In-line pump systems have a separate

pump plunger for each cylinder of theengine. The pump is run at half engine

crankshaft speed and has a central shaftwith cam lobes attached. Each plunger

is operated by its cam. Each plungeralso has a spiral groove or helixmachined on its side and cut through to

the top of the plunger. When operating,the plunger is pushed up by its cam lobe.

At a certain point the spiral groove willline up with a spill port on the side ofthe plunger cylinder and the rest of the

fuel is ‘spilled’.An in-line injection pump meters the

fuel and raises its pressure. The basicprinciple is for a plunger to act on a

column of fuel, to lift an injector needleoff its seat.

Distributor Injection PumpDistributor diesel injection pump arealso called rotary injection pump. Rotarypump was developed for use on cars and

light duty vehicles. It uses a singleinjection cylinder driven from an axial

cam plate, which injects into theindividual fuel lines via a rotarydistribution valve. They comprised of a

hollow cylinder called a rotor as it sitson a cam which connects to the ports of

the distributor head. Sitting on a camas it is, the rotor turns toward the firing

cylinder when it's about to fire, alignsits hole with the port on the side of thecylinder, and sprays in the fuel just in

t i m e f o r t h e

combustion, beforet u r n i n g a g a i n

toward the nextcylinder to repeatthe process.

Common raildirectinjectionOn diesel engines, the common rail is

simply a pipe full of very high-pressurediesel fuel. This is known as a fuel

manifold or accumulator, or fuel rail. Ithas a relatively large diameter (around20mm) steel pipe running along the

cylinder head, close to the actualinjectors. A common high-pressure

pump keeps the rail continuouslysupplied with fuel at pressures up to15,000 psi. A short high-pressure pipe

then supplies each injector. The railsignifies an ‘infinite’ source of high-

pressure fuel. The injectors simply needto open and shut at the appropriate

times to deliver this fuel to thecombustion chamber.The 1st and 2nd generation systems used

injectors with electric solenoids tolift/release the needles and hence open

and close the nozzles. The 3rd

generation systems did somethingcompletely new in this field. Instead of

electric solenoids, common rail dieselsnow feature piezoelectric injectors for

increased precision, with fuel pressuresup to 30,000 psi.

Quotation:He who knows all the answers has notyet been asked all the questions.

Diesel Fuel InjectionBy Omar Rashdi - Associate Engineer



Automotive Transportation

The history of transport evolved withthe development of human culture. Ashoe is the basic and homely commodityused for traveling. Long distance walkingtracks developed as trade routes inPaleolithic times. For most of humanhistory the only forms of transport apartfrom walking were using domesticatedanimals or transport in small boats.

3500 BC Fixed wheels on carts areinvented - the first wheeled vehicles inhistory. Other early wheeled vehiclesinclude the chariot.3500 BC River boats are invented -ships with oars.2000 BC Horses are domesticated andused for transportation.181-234 The wheelbarrow is invented.770 I ron horseshoes improvetransportation by horse.1492 Leonardo da Vinci first to seriouslytheorize about flying machines - withover 100 drawings that illustrated histheories on flight.1620 Cornelis Drebbel invented the firstsubmarine - an human oaredsubmersible.1662 Blaise Pascal invents the firstpublic bus - horse-drawn, regular route,schedule, and fare system.1740 Ja c qu es d e V au c a nso ndemonstrates his clockwork poweredcarriage.1783 First practical steamboat

demonstrated by Marquis ClaudeFrancois de Jouffroy d'Abbans - a paddlewheel steamboat.1783 The Montgolfier brothersinvent the first hot air balloons.1787 Steamboat invented.1769 First self-propelled road vehicleinvented by Nicolas Joseph Cugnot1790 Modern bicycles invented

1801 Richard Trevithick invented thefirst steam powered locomotive(designed for roads).1807 Isaac de Rivas makes ahydrogen gas powered vehicle - firstwith internal combustion power -however, very unsuccessful design.1807 First steamboat with regularpassenger service - inventor RobertFulton's Clermont..1814 George Stephenson invents thefirst practical steam powered railroadlocomotive..1862 Jean Lenoir makes a gasolineengine automobile.1867 First motorcycle invented.1868 George Westinghouse invents thecompressed air locomotive brake -enabled trains to be stopped with fail-safe accuracy.1871 First cable car invented.1885 Karl Benz builds the world's firstpractical automobile to be powered byan internal combustion engine.1899 Ferdinand von Zeppelin invents

the first successfuld i r i g i b l e - t h eZeppelin.1903 The WrightBrothers invent andfly the first enginedairplane.1907 Very f irsth e l i c o p t e r -unsuccessful design.1908 Henry Ford improves theassembly line for a utomobilemanufacturing.1908 Hydrofoil boats co-invented byAlexander Graham Bell & Casey Baldwin- boats that skimmed water.1926 First liquid propelled rocketlaunched.1940 Modern helicopters invented.1947 First supersonic jet flight.1956 Hovercraft invented.1964 Bullet train transportationinvented.

1969 First manned mission (Apollo)to the Moon1970 First jumbo jet.1981 Space shuttlelaunched.

In 21st century new transportationmachines accelerated the speed andspan of human beings by shrinking time& space.....

The History ofTransportation

by M. Iqbal Wajid, [email protected]



Exclusive Car Care - Article

By turning your key, you bring to life amachine that harnesses the energy ofburning fuel and air. The energy powersboth your vehicle and all of itsaccessories that help make your drivinga pleasure.Just as the human body converts thecalories in food to energy, the enginecan also be compared to theirfunctioning to the systems of the body.Respiration enables us to bring inoxygen and rid the body of carbondioxide. The engine also has an intakeand exhaust system and one of the wasteproducts of the engine cycle is carbonmonoxide gas released through exhaustsystem.When we run fast, we breathe harder.Similarly, as a car’s speed increases sodoes its air intake. The lubricatingsystem has a network which reaches allparts of the engine just as the humancirculatory system nourishes every organand limb. The oil is life blood of yourengine and the filter acts like kidney forcleaning and f iltering process.Inside your engine are a series of roundholes called cylinders. In these cylindersenergy from the burning fuel and airsupplies the power to run the engine.The cylinders are arranged in two basicformations. In most four-cylinder andsome six-cylinder engines, the cylindersare set in a straight line. They arecommonly called L4 L6 engines. In a V6or V8 engine, the cylinders are arrangedin two rows in a V formation; hence thename. No matter which arrangement

your car has, the cylinders are cast intoa single assembly called the engineblock.

The Piston and itsFunctionInside each cylinder is a part that lookslike a small inverted pail. This is calledthe piston. There is a small gap betweenthe piston and the cylinder – about thethickness of a sheet of newspaper. Tokeep burning gas from slipping throughthis gap, piston rings fit into groovesaround the piston and press against thecylinder for a tight seal. Above eachcylinder are two valves mounted in acylinder head. The valves act like doors.One lets the fuel mixture in, the otherlets it out. These valves must open andclose at just the right time to make theengine run smoothly. First the intakevalve of a cylinder opens and the pistonmoves downward to draw a mixture offuel and air into the cylinder. The valve

closes and the piston moves upward,squeezing the fuel and air mixtureagainst the top of the cylinder. The sparkplug ignites the mixture to create a smallexplosion. The burning gases expand,driving the piston downward. Thisaction provides the power to drive thecar. Burned gases escape when the othervalve, the exhaust valve, opens and thepiston comes up again to push out theburned gas. The exhaust valve thencloses, the intake valve opens and theprocess occurs, in each cylinder in theright sequence.

Just Like Pedalling aBikeIn order to drive the car, the up anddown motion of the piston must beconverted to rotary motion. This is whathappens when you pedal a bicycle andhow your legs movements convert yourbody energy into useful rotary motionto reach destination.

Piston MotionThe up and down motion of your legs islike the up and down movement of thepiston in the cylinder. In an engine, thepiston moves a connecting rod. Theupper end of the connecting rod fits onthe piston and the lower end of theconnecting rod fits on the crankshaft.The connecting rods turn the up anddown motion of the piston into therotary motion of the crankshaft just asthe pedals turn the up and down motionof the bicycle sprocket. The crankshafthas one crank (one for each pair of two

The Engine, heart andpower source of your car

by Mohammad Shahzad

continued on next page

Do you know what really happens when you put your

key in the ignition and start your engine?



Exclusive Car Care - Article

cylinders in the V8), lined up from frontto rear. The power to drive your carcomes from the rotating crankshaft.

Engine Food: The fuelsystem.Just like the human body needs goodfood to eat and clean air (oxygen) tobreath. The Engine has the samedemand like food (Fuel) and clean air(oxygen) for energy. This demand isfulfilled by the fuel system which mixesair and fuel in proper ratio and injectinto engine through inlet port forcomplete combustion with the help ofspark plugs. In modern vehicles this isalso called Fuel Injection systemcontrolled by the computer for the rightamount at the right time so that it emitsless pollution.

Beat the Heat: TheCooling System.The cooling system is as necessary tothe engine as sweating is to humans. Wetake bath or shower to cool down andmaintain body temperature to stay atnormal temperature and active. Everexperience a high body fever? Whathappened then, all parts of the body feelsick and tired and sometime too highfever may damage certain body organand limb. Engine can suffer same as ourbody does, too high or too lowtemperature is not good for the engine.The cooling system plays a big roll tokeep engine at normal operatingtemperature and maintain its life.

Engine Life Blood: TheLubrication SystemThe modern engine, given reasonable

care, is designed to last the life of yourcar. One of the keys to long life engineis proper lubrication. Oil, the engine’slubricant, is stored in an oil pan underthe engine block. The engine itself drivesan oil pump, which forces oil throughpassages and a filter to the workingparts. The oil filter (like your kidney)helps keep the oil clean by removing dirtand other foreign matter.The demands on modern motor oilshave never been greater. The newestengines are lighter, have lowercompression ratios and run hotter tomeet stringent requirements of loweremissions and better fuel economywithout sac ri f ic e of a dequateperformance. They do a great job buttheir lubrication demands are exacting.Hard working modern engines need thesupport of tough oils.Without oil, the engine would veryquickly destroy itself. Oil coats theengine’s moving parts with a film oflubrication. This lubrication helps cooland clean the engine and also decreasesfriction to prevent engine parts fromwearing against each other bylubrication process. Try a littleexperiment to see how this works. First,rub your dry hands together. Now puta little hand lotion over your hands. Rubthem together and see how much moreeasily they move. The lotion acts as alubricant film and makes your handsmove easier. This is similar to what oildoes for your car’s engine. Slow-flowingthick oils have high numbers; lighterfree-flowing thin oils have low numbers.The thicker oils are primarily used forhot running summer conditions; thinner

oils for winter. The ‘W’ stands for winterand indicates winter-service suitability;it always appears with multi-gradeclassifications such as 5W20 or 10W30(Check your owner manual forrecommended oil grade for your engine)Oil viscosity alters with temperature. Itwill thicken with a temperature drop,thin with a rise. Multi-viscosity, or multi-grade oils are designed to changerelatively little over a wide range ofoperating temperatures, light enoughfor easy cold-cranking in winter, yetheavy enough for sat isfactoryperformance at high temperatures.The Diesel EngineIf you have a diesel engine you will findit is basically the same as the gasolineengine. The major difference is in thecylinder heads, combustion chamber,fuel injection system, pre-heat plugs, airintake manifold and method of ignition.Diesel ignition occurs because of heatdeveloped in the combustion chamberduring compression. This eliminates theneed for spark plugs, high voltageignition and carburetors. The dieselengine, of course, uses diesel fuel insteadof gasoline. ....

Mohammad Shahzad is the Customer

Management Operations Manager at

Brimell Toyota/Scion in Toronto, On.

Free advice for Automark readers,

please email him at [email protected]

Next: Take a Break…to Test Your

Brake

Without oil, the engine would very quickly destroy itself. Oil coats the engine’smoving parts with a film of lubrication. This lubrication helps cool and cleanthe engine and also decreases friction to prevent engine parts from wearing

against each other by lubrication process.


A light-emitting diode (LED) is anelectronic component called as asemiconductor device that emits visiblelight when an electric current passesthrough it.The light is not particularly bright, butin most LEDs it is monochromatic,occurring at a single wavelength. Theoutput from an LED can range from red(at a wavelength of approximately 700nanometers) to blue-violet (about 400nanometers). Some LEDs emit infrared(IR) energy (830 nanometers or longer);such a device is known as an infrared-emitting diode (IRED).

Light-emitting diode

Red, pure green and blueLEDs of the 5mm diffusedtypeType Passive,optoelectronicWorking principleElectroluminescenceInvented Nick HolonyakJr. (1962)Electronic symbol

Benefits of LEDs,compared withincandescent andfluorescent illuminatingdevices, include:• Low power requirement: Most typescan be operated with battery powersupplies.

• High efficiency: Most of the powersupplied to an LED or IRED is convertedinto radiation in the desired form, withminimal heat production.

• Long life: When properly installed, anLED or IRED can function for decades.

Typical applicationsinclude:• Indicator lights: These can be two-state (i.e., on/off), bar-graph, ora l p ha be ti c - n u meri c rea d o u ts .

• LCD panel backlighting: Specializedwhite LEDs are used in flat-panelcomputer displays.

• Fiber optic data transmission: Ease ofm o d u l a t i o n a l l o w s w i d ecommunications bandwidth withminimal noise, resulting in high speed

and accuracy.

• Remote control:M o s t h o m e -e n t e r t a i n m e n t"remotes" use I-REDs to transmitdata to the mainunit.

• Opto-isolator:Stages in an electronic system can beconnected together without unwantedinteraction.Light is a form of energy that can bereleased by an atom. It is made up ofmany small particle-like packets thathave energy and momentum but nomass. These particles, called photons,are the most basic units of light. Photonsare released as a result of movingelectrons. In an atom, electrons movein orbital around the nucleus. Electronsin different orbital have differentamounts of energy. Generally speaking,electrons with greater energy move inorbital farther away from the nucleus.The photon's frequency is so low that itis invisible to the human eye -- it is inthe infrared portion of the lightspectrum. This isn't necessarily a bad


Exclusive Article

The Technological Revolution inLighting Industry

Light Emitting Diodes (LED)

LEDs have several advantages over conventional incandescent lamps.For one thing, they don't have a filament that will burn out,

so they last much longer. Additionally, their small plastic bulbmakes them a lot more durable. They also fit more easily into

modern electronic circuits.

by Muhammad Yakoob Gaziani

MuhammadYakoob Gaziani

Pin configuration Anode and cathode

LEDs are produced in a variety of shapes and sizes. The 5 mm cylindricalpackage (red, fifth from the left) is the most common, estimated at 80%of world production. The color of the plastic lens is often the same as theactual color of light emitted, but not always. For instance, purple plasticis often used for infrared LEDs, and most blue devices have clear housings.



Excllusive Article

thing, of course: Infrared LEDs are idealfor remote controls, among other things.LEDs are used in everything fromremote controls to the digital displayson electronics, visible LEDs are growingin popularity and thanks to their longlifetimes and miniature size.LEDs have several advantages overconventional incandescent lamps. Forone thing, they don't have a filamentthat will burn out, so they last muchlonger. Additionally, their small plasticbulb makes them a lot more durable.They also fit more easily into modernelectronic circuits.But the main advantage is efficiency. Inconventional incandescent bulbs, thelight-production process involvesgenerating a lot of heat (the filamentmust be warmed). This is completelywasted energy, unless you're using thelamp as a heater, because a huge portionof the available electricity isn't goingtoward producing visible light. LEDsgenerate very little heat, relativelyspeaking. A much higher percentage ofthe electrical power is going directly togenerating light, which cuts down onthe electricity demands considerably.Per-watt, LEDs output more lumens oflight than regular incandescent bulbs.Light emitting diodes have a higherluminous efficacy (how efficientlyelectricity is converted to visible light)than incandescentsUp until recently, LEDs were tooexpensive to use for most lightingapplications because they're built aroundadvanced semiconductor material. Theprice of semiconductor devices hasplummeted since the year 2000,however, making LEDs a more cost-effective lighting option for a wide rangeof situations. While they may be moreexpensive than incandescent lights up

front, their lower cost in the long runcan make them a better buy.LED lighting fixtures like this one mayeventually replace incandescent bulbsentirely, but their higher initial cost isstill a barrier for most households.

Advantages:==> Efficiency: LEDs emit more lightper watt than incandescent light bulbs.Their efficiency is not affected by shapeand size, unlike fluorescent light bulbsor tubes.==> Color: LEDs can emit light of anintended color without using any colorfilters as traditional lighting methodsneed. This is more efficient and canlower initial costs.==> Size: LEDs can be very small(smaller than 2 mm2)and are easilypopulated onto printed circuit boards.==> On/Off time: LEDs light up veryquickly. A typical red indicator LED willachieve full brightness in under am i c r o se c on d . L E D s u s ed i ncommunications devices can have evenfaster response times.==> Cycling: LEDs are ideal for usessubject to frequent on-off cycling, unlikefluorescent lamps that fail faster whencycled often, or HID lamps that requirea long time before restarting.==> Dimming: LEDs can very easilybe dimmed either by an electronic circuitof pulse-width modulation or loweringthe forward current.==> Cool light: In contrast to mostlight sources, LEDs radiate very littleheat in the form of IR that can causedamage to sensitive objects or fabrics.Wasted energy is dispersed as heatthrough the base of the LED.==> Slow failure: LEDs mostly failby dimming over time, rather than theabrupt failure of incandescent bulbs.==> Lifetime: LEDs can have arelatively long useful life. One reportestimates 35,000 to 50,000 hours ofuseful life, though time to completefailure may be longer. Fluorescent tubestypically are rated at about 10,000 to15,000 hours, depending partly on theconditions of use, and incandescent lightbulbs at 1,000–2,000 hours.==> Shock resistance: LEDs, beingsolid state components, are difficult todamage with external shock, unlikefluorescent and incandescent bulbs,which are fragile.==> Focus: The solid package of theLED can be designed to focus its light.Incandescent and fluorescent sources

often require an external reflector tocollect light and direct it in a usablemanner.

Disadvantages==> High initial price: LEDs arecurrently more expensive, price perlumen, on an initial capital cost basis,than most conventional lightingtechnologies. As of 2010, the cost perthousand lumens (kilolumen) was about$18. The price is expected to reach$2/kilolumen by 2015. The additionalexpense partially stems from therelatively low lumen output and thedrive circuitry and power suppliesneeded.==> Temperature dependence:LED performance largely depends onthe ambient temperature of theoperating environment. Over-drivingan LED in high ambient temperaturesmay result in overheating the LEDpackage, eventually leading to devicefailure. Adequate heat sinking is neededto maintain long life. This is especiallyimportant in automotive, medical, andmilitary uses where devices mustoperate over a wide range oftemperatures, and need low failure rates.==> Voltage sensitivity: LEDs mustbe supplied with the voltage above thethreshold and a current below the rating.This can involve series resistors orcurrent-regulated power supplies.==> Light quality: Most cool-whiteLEDs have spectra that di ffersignificantly from a black body radiatorlike the sun or an incandescent light.The spike at 460 nm and dip at 500 nmcan cause the color of objects to beperceived differently under cool-whiteLED illumination than sunlight orinc andesc ent sources, due tometamerism, red surfaces beingrendered particularly badly by typicalphosphor-based cool-white LEDs.However, the color rendering propertiesof common fluorescent lamps are often



New Technology - Review

The Wankel engine has no valves,pistons, connecting rods, or crankshaft.Instead, it uses a triangular rotor thatrevolves in a roughly oval chamber. Thefour stages of engine combustion,Intake, Compression, Power andExhaust takes place on each of the rotorsthree faces as it rotates through thechamber. For clarity, the illustrationsbelow show these events on only oneface of the rotor. To grasp the fullpotential of the rotary engine, you mustremember that the same sequence isoccurring, in turn, on each of the otherrotor faces.Each rotor has three power “strokes” forevery revolution, and during each rotorrevolution, the output shaft revolvesthree times. Engineers consider this theequivalent of two four stroke pistons,so the typical twin rotor Wankel can becompared to a four cylinder pistonengine. While a twin rotor Wankelengine has only 7 major moving parts,a comparable 4 cylinder engine has morethan 50 moving parts. For the powerproduced, a rotary engine is smaller,lighter, and potentially easier to produce

then a piston engine. It can also run onlow octane fuel.

The Four Stroke cycle ofa Wankel engine isillustrated below.

INTAKE:The rotor flip-flops around the fixedgear with a motion like that of a hulahoop around a child’s waist. As one rotortip passes the intake port, it creates achamber of increasing volume anddraws in the air-fuel mixture fromcarburetor.

COMPRESSION:As the rotor continues to revolve, thesecond tip passes the intake port, sealingthe fuel mixture in a chamber ofdecreasing volume. The compressionratio is lower than in piston engines, sovery low octane fuel can be used.

POWER:Ignition causes fuel mixture to burn andexpand, imparting energy to rotor forits power stroke as the size of thechamber again increases. Because of thelong, flat shape of combustion chamber,most Winkles use two spark plugs.

EXHAUST:The leading tip of the rotor passes theexhaust port and leaves it opened forthe burned gases to escape as thechamber decreases in size. For everyrevolution of the rotor, the eccentricflange and output shaft makes threerevolutions.Although 20 companies hold licenses toproduce Wankel Engines, only two builtrotary powered cars in any numbers.MAZDA in Japan and AUDI inGermany. One reason is the cost of

s e t t i n g u p aproduction line tob u i l d W a n k e lEngines. Anotherwas the high fuelconsumption andpollution levels of theearly rotary enginecars, although muchprogress has been made in these areasrecently. Compared to the piston engine,Wankel is at a much more primitivestage of development: NSU ran the firstexperimental engine in 1957. With thepress of meeting ever-changing fueleconomy and anti-pollution regulations,most car makers have adopted a wait-and-see attitude towards any completelynew engine technology. Other firms havebuilt rotary powered lawn mowers,motorcycles, outboards, snowmobilesand model airplane engines.. ..

THE WANKEL ROTARYENGINE

The Wankel engine is a type of internal combustionengine using an eccentric rotary design to convertpressure into a rotating motion instead of using

reciprocating pistons.

by Mohammad Danish



Car Care - Article

Keeping your car’s interior looking andfeeling great doesn’t have to becomplicated. Here are a few tipsabout your cars natural enemies andsome great ways to keep them at bay.

Sun DamageThe sun is a pretty formidable foe whenit comes to the interior of your car.Depending on your parkingsituation, your car could be exposed tosunlight anywhere from a few minutesto several hours each day.Over the life of your car, that exposurereally adds up and can eventually leadto faded upholstery, a dry,cracked dashboard and even warping ofthe vinyl and plastic used on door panelsand handles. So whatcan you do?

Tinted WindowsTinting your windows isn’t always cheap,but it certainly goes a long way inprotecting the interior of yourcar. Window tinting film has come along way since it first became popular,and is now pretty reliable in terms oflifespan and durability. In fact, a greattint job can last you between five andten years, and if it starts to show signsof wear you can just replace it. Thereare limits to how dark you can tint yourwindows, though, so even with a goodtint job your car’s interior is still exposedto some sunlight.

Window Shades

Tinted windows are great for whenyou’re driving around, but when you’reparked, why not block out allof the sunlight? Window shades are acheap and easy way to accomplish justthat. With folding orcollapsing window shades for yourwindshield starting at just a few dollars,and roll-up shades for yourpassenger windows starting at just alittle more, there’s no reason not to goall out in your defense againstthe sun. With your car’s interiorprotected from the majority of the sun’sdamaging rays, it’s likely to stayin great shape throughout the life of thecar.

Dirt, grime, scratchesand tearsAnother enemy of your car’s interior isits passengers. Passengers track dirt,mud, oil and who knowswhat else into your car, which can leavestains on its upholstery and carpeting.In addition to tracking in dirt and grime,you and your passengers constitute apretty considerable amount of routinewear and tear.Through loading and unloading cargo,spilling drinks or just being carelessyour passengers can quicklyrack up quite a few stains, tears andscratches on your interior.

Floor MatsFloor mats are a great ally in protectingthe carpeting of your car. While most

cars come with floormats, many stockmats are significantlysmaller than thesurface of your car’sfloor. Luckily, floormats area f f o r d a b l e . I twouldn’t hurt to get some quickmeasurements of your car’s floor beforelooking formats, that way you can make sure to getthe biggest ones that will fit comfortablyin the space. Remember,bigger mats mean smaller portions ofunprotected carpet.

Seat CoversSeat covers are a great investment too,and go a long way in protecting yourcar’s upholstery from spills,scratches, and the wear and tear ofnormal use. Even if your seat covers seesome hard times, it’s muchcheaper to replace them thanreupholster your car or even pay forregular shampooing or steam cleaning.

As you can see it’s not allthat tough to protect your

car from yourself, yourpassengers, and the

elements.With a little bit of an

upfront investment, youcan keep the interior of

your car in great shape foryears to come....

How to Protect theInterior of Your Car?

by Muneeb Jawed from NED Karachi



International Automotive Sector - Update

Chinese automaker Chery AutomobileCo. and partner Israel Corp. arelaunching a new brand, seeking freshappeal both overseas and in the slowinglocal market.The 50-50 joint venture QorosAutomotive Co., introduced Monday atShanghai's former Expo zone, intendsto be one of the first Chinese car makersto meet stringent 2013 Euro auto safetystandards, the companies said.Chery and Israel Corp., an industrialholding company, originally launchedtheir joint venture as Chery QuantumAuto Co., in 2007. Since then, thecompany has kept a relatively lowprofile.Originally, the plan was for Chery, oneof China's biggest independentautomakers, to contribute "in kind" asin many joint ventures, providing, forexample, land or workers. But that visionhas evolved to one of starting fromscratch, said Volker Steinwascher, vicechairman of Qoros.Chery is now only a financial investor,leaving the company free to develop itsown models and keep the brandseparate."You don't have to have any legacies,"Steinwascher said in an interview.

Qoros plans to introduce its first model,a compact sedan, in China and WesternEurope in 2013, executives said. Afterthat, plans call for a hatchback, an SUVand then an electric vehicle.The name Qoros was a "new word meantto represent a company that stands forquality and works together like achorus," the companies said in astatement."People like brands and products theycan be passionate about," Steinwaschersaid. "Quality, design, connectivity andsimplicity, these are the key drivers ofour brand," he said.Israel Corp. is Israel's largest holdingcompany, with interests mainly inchemicals, shipping and energy.Chery, whose best-selling model is thecompact QQ, and other domestic carmakers have struggled to break throughwith brands of their own. Joint venturebrands and foreign imports still accountfor about 70 percent of sales, withdomestic car makers holding only 30percent.A slowdown this year in vehicle sales,after years of double-digit growth, hasproven a special hardship for somedomestic makers already struggling withslender profit margins.

Chery has not yet followed through withearlier projects of its own aimed atlaunching sales in the U.S. For now,Qoros has no plans for the Americanmarket, where prices are "extremelycompetitive" and product liability issuesa big concern, Steinwascher said.The lack of powerful brand names andcore technologies and the stringentsafety standards in North America andWestern Europe have prevented Chinesemanufacturers from making stronginroads in those more mature markets,although they have expanded sales inemerging markets.Qoros is aiming high, intending to meet2013 European 5-star quality levels ofthe NCAP, an agency that assesses carsafety.Qoros is building a factory in Changshu,an industrial city west of Shanghai, thatwill have an annual capacity of 150,000vehicles, which could expand in thefuture to 300,000. It has a research anddevelopment center in Shanghai....

China's Chery launches newQoros brand

Tata Motors has introduced the newNano — touted as the people’s car, witha better fuel efficiency and more colourchoices without changing the price. The624- cc petrol engine-driven Nano nowhas an Automotive ResearchAssociation of India (ARAI) certified25.4 kilometre per litre mileageasagainst the earlier 23.6 kmpl.The car, considered as a volume pulleris struggling in the market. The sales sofar this year is 18% lower at 33,245 units.Tata Motors has been pulling out allstops to lift the sales of the Nano, thecheapest car, which faced toughchallenges such as the shift ofmanufacturing location, production ata makeshift facility and incidents of thecar catching fire.The company offered to install anadditional safety protection in the carbesides opening exclusive Nano sales

points and recruiting additional salespeople.The launch of a revamped version is thelatest in the series of such activities.What is now awaited is a diesel versionof Nano, which is speculated to hit themarket next year.At 25.4 kmpl, Nano is the most fuel-efficient petrol car in India, Tata Motorsclaims. The company said that theNano’s CO2 emission at 92.7 gm/km isthe lowest among cars in India.Despite additional features, Tata Motorsdid not revise the price of the car. Theprice of Nano will remain the same –Nano Standard (Rs 1.4 lakh), Nano CX(Rs 1.7 lakh) and Nano LX (Rs 1.96 lakh), ex-showroom Delhi. With eight newcolours, the Nano will be available in 10colours including red, blue, orange,green and gold......

New Nano with more mileage

Honda just introduced a bevy of energy-frugal cars at the Tokyo Motor Showand vowed to cut carbon emissions by30% from year 2000 levels on all itsvehicles by 2020.But perhaps more interesting wereremarks to reporters indicating thatanother Accord Hybrid is on the way,wire services reported. The model wasdiscontinued in the U.S. after poor sales,mostly because it didn't save much gasbecause it modified a V-6, instead four-cylinder, engine."For such a future, the most importantchallenge we need to address right nowis the improvement of the efficiency ofgasoline and diesel-powered internalcombustion engines," said CEOTakanobu Ito.To get there, he says he hopes to modifygas and diesel engines and combinethem with continuously variabletransmissions, or CVTs.As a downpayment on Honda's green-ness, he showed off the EV-ster concept,an electric rear-wheel-drive two-seaterconvertible sports car......

Another Honda Accord

Hybrid on way



International Automotive Sector - Update

The battle in the Indian automobileindustry is set to intensify with Chineseauto maker Jianghuai AutomobileCompany (JAC) planning to launchcommercial vehicles as well aspassenger cars.“India would be one of the key marketsfor JAC. To begin with, we are lookingat introducing commercial vehicles, buteventually we’ll launch passenger carsas well,” said a spokesperson. He didnot specify a timeline for an entry butindicated it was open to collaborationsto sell products.“We will probably make an independententry in India, but may co-operate withexisting players, depending on thesituation,” he said.JAC, founded in 1964, is the eighth-largest automobile company in China.The company sold 460,000 units toclock revenue of $2 billion last year. Itaims at recording growth of 30 per centthis year to sell 600,000 vehicles. Thevolumes are comparable with whatIndia’s second-largest car maker,Hyundai Motor India Ltd, targets to sellthis financial year.JAC has a comprehensive line-up ofvehicles in China, which includes light,medium and heavy duty trucks, buses,multi-purpose vehicles and sedans. JACalso manufactures gearboxes, engines,auto components and engineeringproducts. The company recentlylaunched an electric vehicle, Tong Yue,in the Chinese market.With India slated to become the fourth

largest automobile market globally overthe next five years, Chinese companiessuch as Shanghai Automotive IndustryCorporation (SAIC) and Beiqi Fotonhave all been evincing interest incommencing operations in the country.“A lot of cross-pollination will take placebetween the automobile industries inIndia and China. SAIC has already madean entry and manufacturers such as JACand Beiqi Foton are working out themodalities of starting operations. Thesecompanies have products that are astrategic fit for the Indian market. Someof them have already made enquiriesregarding the vendor base available forstarting operations here,”said anindustry source.SAIC, present through a partnershipwith General Motors, is working onintroducing five new models in thecountry by 2013. While two lightcommercial vehicles from the SAICportfolio are slated to hit the Indian

roads by the end of this year, anotherthree passenger cars are proposed fromthe GM-SAIC alliance at a later date.In May, Beiqi Foton had announced aninvestment of Rs 1,676 crore to set upa facility in western Maharashtra. Thecompany is exploring options to selllight, medium and heavy commercialvehicles here. Foton Motor, a subsidiaryof Beijing Automobile Group Co Ltd, isthe world’s second-largest commercialvehicle manufacturer after Daimler. Thecompany sold 682,800 vehicles in 2010.Recent times have witnessed a buzz inthe Indian commercial vehicle segment,which clocked sales of 6,76,408 unitslast financial year, with the entry ofglobal players like Navistar andMarcopolo, among others. While thecommercial vehicle segment recordedgrowth of 27 per cent last year,passenger vehicle sales grew 29 per centto 2.52 million units.....

Chinese auto majorJAC eyes India entry

Japan's new vehicle sales climbed 24.1percent in November from a year earlier,the Japan Automobile DealersAssociation said Thursday.However, this was weaker than theOctober sales growth of 28.3 percent.In November, 252,236 units were soldin Japan, the dealers said. Sales ofpassenger cars were 23.9 percent higherthan a year earlier.Japan Automobile ManufacturersAssociation reported Wednesday thatautomobile production increased 20.3percent annually in October to 904,247units. Production was down 4.5 percentin September.....

Japan Vehicle SalesIncrease In November

Japanese motor giant Nissan won Carof the Year Japan at the Tokyo MotorShow on for its Leaf electric model, itsmakers said, the first time an electricvehicle has picked up the award.Electric cars with cutting-edge greentechnology and vehicles remote-controlled by smartphones have been astar feature at this year's show, whichruns till December 11 and features 179exhibitors from a dozen countries."Nissan is proud to announce that its100 percent electric Leaf car has wonthe Japanese Car of the Year prize,"

Japan's second-largest automaker saidin a statement.The Nissan Leaf electric is a zero-emission vehicle fitted with rechargeablelithium-ion batteries. Since its launchon the market at the end of last year,some 20,000 models have been sold,notably in Japan and in the US."All these accolades show that zero-emission vehicles can clearly becompetitive alternatives to conventionalones," Nissan President and CEO CarlosGhosn said..-AFP

Nissan Leaf electric wins Japan car of the year




There was a time when different hobbiesand healthy activities were part of livesof children, youths, elders and women.Hobbies like collecting post tickets,coins, book reading, collecting greetingscards and colorful marbles were crazefor people. Globalization has changedthe interests of youths, children, womenand older people, but still there is a manwho is fond of collecting toy cars.Aamir Ashfaq, a 39-years Pakistani, runshis own business, but with craze formodel cars in his mind he is always insearch of cars every time he visits amarket.Aamir is a resident of Allama IqbalTown, Lahore the historical city ofIslamic Republic of Pakistan.He hascollected more than 4,000 model carsof 45 different brands. He claims hiscollection is the largest collection ofmodel cars in Pakistan.Since then whenever he visits a market,shopping mall and a store his eyes keepsearching model and die cast cars. Hiscollection of toy cars is especiallyattractive. Doors, hoods, trunks and fuelcaps that open, ashtrays that slide outand glove compartments that work aresome of the features of these cars.Some models of cars even have hangingignition keys and removable hood pins.Most have working car steering andsuspension with real materials used inthe interiors.He possesses cars of numerous brands,including Matchbox, Hot Wheels,Majorette, Corgi, Johnny Lightening,Burago, Tomica, Jada Toys, Real Toy,Norev, Maisto, Welly, Siku andKinsmart, which are manufactured inUSA, England, Germany, Italy, France,Greece, Japan, Hong Kong, Thailand,

Malaysia, China, Thailand, Taiwan andMacao. Talking to AutoMark magazine he said,“Die cast car collection is my childhoodpassion and I enjoy my passion for thesecars. I love every single part about thesestreet machines.” He said and addedthat he loved the sound, speed andespecially the looks of these rollingmasterpieces. “Inspiration for these carswill never escape from my mind,” headded.Aamir has not faced any resistance fromhis parents regarding his passion sincehis childhood. He said, “I really thankmy parents for their efforts for polishingmy passion. They never refusedwhenever I asked for a toy car.” He saidhe remembered his childhood days.“Whenever I went to a mart, first of allI would pick up a toy car and looktowards my parents who neverdisappointed me,” he recalled.I have also given my interviews on GEO,ARY One World and City42 TV channelsand shared my passion also throughValuemag and Daily DAWN.My uncles, aunts and cousins livedabroad also had their contributions andI received toy cars each time their visitto Pakistan. I am thankful to all of themfor their valuable shares.I would like to clear one thing here thatit was much difficult to collect a huge

number of die cast cars in Pakistanbecause of their non-availability. Atpresent, it is easy and affordable due toChina.He said that during his early childhood,he also used to be a mechanic of toy carslike every child and toy cars, in hispossession, hardly survived for fewmonths.He said, “Above all, I have models ofMercedes Benz, BMW, Audi, Porsche,Volkswagen, Lamborghini, Ferrari, Fiat,Peugeot, Renault, MG, Austin Martin,Land Rover, Range Rover, Honda,Nissan, Mitsubishi, Suzuki, Isuzu,Mazda, Toyota, Lexus, Subaru, Ford,Hyundai, Mini Cooper, Jaguar, Bugatti,Hummer and many more.Aamir further said, “I have collection ofold cars as well that can be bestdescribed as antique cars...

Young Pakistani man livesfor his passion for toy cars


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TOYOTA COROLLA

Price updated December- 2011

MEHRAN VX 800ccMEHRAN VX (CNG) 800cc

MEHRAN VXR (CNG)

MEHRAN VXR

ALTO VXRALTO VXR (CNG)

Rs. 495,000Rs. 556,000Rs. 547,000

Rs. 605,000

Rs. 707,000Rs. 771,000

SUZUKIModel Price

LIANA 1.3L RXI MT PETROL

CULTUS Efi VXRI

CULTUS Efi VXRI (CNG)

LIANA 1.3L RXI MT (CNG)

RAVI PICKUP ST308R VX

RAVI PICKUP ST308R VX CNG

BOLAN VAN VX PetrolBOLAN VAN VX CNG

SUZUKI VAN CARGO

BOLAN VAN VXR PETROLBOLAN VAN VXR CNG

Rs. 905,000

Rs. 965,000

Rs. 1,232,000

Rs. 1,301,000

Rs. 574,000Rs. 640,000

Rs. 633,000Rs. 701,000

Rs. 550,000

Rs. 522,000

Rs. 586,000

SUZUKI SWIFT 1.3L DLX Rs. 1,131,000

Karakoram MotorsModel Price

Chery Standard Petrol Rs. 7,20,000Chery Standard CNG Rs. 7,70,000

Chery Deluxe Petrol Rs. 7,70,000

Chery Deluxe CNG Rs. 8,20,000

Gonow VictorGonow Troy Standard

Rs. 1,499,000Rs. 9,99,000

Gilgit (Double Cabin) Pet.Gilgit (Double Cabin) CNGKaghan XL PetrolKaghan XL CNG

Rs. 3,85,000Rs. 4,20,000Rs. 1,285,000Rs. 1,375,000

HYUNDAI

Model PriceHonda CRV Automatic 2400cc Japan Rs. 5,599,000

Honda City Automatic 1300cc Rs. 1,540,000Honda City Manual 1300cc Rs. 1,399,000

Honda Civic VTI Manual 1800cc

Honda Civic VTI Manual SR (Oriel)

Rs. 1,878,000

Rs. 2,028,000

Honda Accord Automatic 2400cc Japan Rs. 6,317,000

HONDA

Car / Light Vehicle Price ListCar / Light Vehicle Price List

APV 1.5L JL SX MT (CBU) Rs. 1,909,000

APV 1.5L JL DX MT (CBU) Rs. 1,984,000

Rs. 1,758,000

Rs. 1,950,000

Honda Civic VTI Prosmatec SR (Oriel)

Honda Civic VTI Prosmatec 1800cc

Model Price

GLI VVT-i M/T 1299cc Petrol Rs. 1,574,000

XLI VVT-i M/T 1299cc Petrol Rs. 1,444,000

GLI VVT-i A/T 1599cc Petrol Rs. 1,739,000

Model Price

ALTIS 1.6L Dual VVT-i MT

2.OD SALOON MT

2.OD SAL SUNROOF Rs. 1,934,000

Rs. 1,829,000

Rs. 1,789,000

Rs. 1,879,000

2.OD STD 2000cc Rs. 1,574,000

ALTIS 1.6L Dual VVT-i MT SUNROOF

ALTIS 1.6L Dual VVT-i AT Cruisetronic

ALTIS 1.6L Dual VVT-i AT SUNROOF

Rs. 1,879,000

Rs. 1,969,000

XLI VVT-i 1299cc ECOTEC Rs. 1,569,000

GLI VVT-i 1299cc ECOTEC Rs. 1,699,000

SUZUKI SWIFT 1.3L DX STD Rs. 1,031,000

JIMNY JLX SX CBU (SN) Rs. 1,924,000

JIMNY JLX DX CBU (SN) Rs. 2,073,000

Model PricePrice

CHEVROLETModel Price

Rs. 569,000CHEVROLET JOY CNG

Rs. 539,000CHEVROLET JOY Petrol

Hilux Pickup 4x sc

Brand New Toyota Hilux Pickup, 4x2,Single Cabin, (Local Assembled)Standard Model

Rs. 1,614,000

Model Price

Hilux Pickup 4x4 D/C

Toyota HILUX 2494cc, Diesel TurboCharger Common Rail Engine,4x4 Double Cabin - Standard Model

Rs. 2,489,000

Model Price

DAIHATSU

Rs. 8,74,000

Rs. 9,35,000

CX ECO (CNG)

CX ECOMATIC

Rs. 8,24,000CUORE CX

Model Price

Rs. 3,560,000Rs. 3,960,000

Rs. 3,336,000

DEFENDER

STATION WAGON 90STATION WAGON 110

Soft Top 90

LAND ROVERModel Price

Gonow Troy Deluxe Rs. 1,049,000




GlimpsesPakistan Auto Parts Show-2011

Lahore 24-26 October-2011


MADE IN PAKISTAN MOTORCYCLESRETAIL PRICE LIST

70cc Motorcycle

Retail Price

Rs. 42,500/=

Rs. 41,000/=

Rs. 41,000/=

Rs. 42,000/=

Rs. 40,000/=

Rs. 40,000/=

Rs. 49,000/=

Rs. 39,000/=

Rs. 45,000/=

Rs. 41,000/=

Rs. 41,000/=

Rs. 46,000/=

Rs. 47,000/=

Rs. 41,000/=

Rs. 66,500/=

Rs. 42,000/=

Rs. 40,500/=

Rs. 40,500/=

Rs. 40,500/=

Rs. 40,500/=

Rs. 40,500/=

Rs. 44,800/=

Rs. 40,000/=

Product &

Model Name

Aan AI-70

Asia Hero AH-70

Bionic AS-70

Crown Lifan CRLF-70

Challenger BA-70

Diamond SD-70

Dhoom YD-70

Eagle DG-70

Ghani GI-70

Guangta GT-70

Grace CT-70

Hero RF-70

Hero RF-70 Plus

Habib HB-70

Honda CD-70

Hi-Speed SR-70

Jinan JN-70

Leader LD-70

King Hero KH-70

Moon Star MT-70

Master MD-70

Metro Hi-Tech MR-70

New Asia NA-70

Sr./

No.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

Product &

Model Name

Pak Hero PH-70

Raftar KM-70

Ravi Premium R1

Ravi Hamsafar-70

Road Prince RP-70

Royal Star RS-70

Royal RL-70

Racer AS-70

Safari SD-70

Sakai SK-70

Star DL-70

Sohrab JS-70

Sonica SM-70

Super Asia SA-70

Super Star SS-70

Super Power SP-70

Super Power Delux

Toyo TG-70

Target TT-70

Unique UD-70

Union Star US-70

United US-70

Zxmco ZX-70

Retail Price

Rs. 42,500/=

Rs. 42,000/=

Rs. 47,000/=

Rs. 43,000/=

Rs. 41,000/=

Rs. 41,000/=

Rs. 42,500/=

Rs. 41,500/=

Rs. 40,000/=

Rs. 39,000/=

Rs. 39,900/=

Rs. 41,500/=

Rs. 42,400/=

Rs. 39,500/=

Rs. 41,500/=

Rs. 40,500/=

Rs. 45,000/=

Rs. 41,000/=

Rs. 40,000/=

Rs. 42,000/=

Rs. 42,000/=

Rs. 40,000/=

Rs. 42,000/=

Sr./

No.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

34.

35.

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

41.

42.

43.

44.

45.

46.

MADE IN PAKISTAN MOTORCYCLESPRICE LIST

Price updated Nov-2011



125cc Motorcycle 100cc MotorcycleBrand & Model Name

Habib HB-125

Sitara ST-125

Super Star SS-125

Super Star SS-125 DLX

Hero RF-125

Honda CG-125 STD

Honda CG-125 DX

Metro MR-125

Ravi Storm-125 Euro II

No.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

Retail Price

Rs. 88,000/=

Rs. 55,000/=

Rs. 54,000/=

Rs. 59,000/=

Rs. 75,000/=

Rs. 91,000/=

Rs. 112,000/=

Rs. 77,000/=

Rs. 78,000/=

Brand &Model Name

Ghani GI-100

Habib HB-100

Honda CD-100

Sitara ST-100

Super Star SS-100

Super Power SP-100

Unique UD-100

No.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Retail Price

Rs. 55,500/=

Rs. 55,000/=

Rs. 75,000/=

Rs. 55,000/=

Rs. 50,500/=

Rs. 55,000/=

Rs. 60,000/=

Sr./

No.

1.

2.

3.

Yamaha MotorcycleProduct &

Model Name

Yamaha YD100

Yamana Yama4

Yamaha YB100 Royale

Retail Price

Rs. 77,600/=

Rs. 73,700/=

Rs. 75,200/=

Sr./

No.

1.

2.

3.

4.

Suzuki MotorcycleProduct &

Model Name

Suzuki Sprinter ECO

Suzuki Sprinter STD.

Suzuki GS-150

Suzuki Shogan

Retail Price

Rs. 69,400/=

Rs. 72,900/=

Rs. 91,000/=

Rs. 82,000/=

MADE IN PAKISTAN MOTORCYCLESPRICE LIST



automark december 2011

Documents