Auxiliary,

Ordinary,

and

Modal Verbs

OXFORD GUIDE TO ENGLISH

GRAMMAR

BY

John Eastwood

Arranged by Agung Prasetyo

What are auxiliary, ordinary and

modal verbs?

Agung Prasetyo

Be, Have, and Do

Auxiliary

• We were waiting for a bus.

• I have thought about it

• Does Tina need any help?

Ordinary

• We were at the bus stop.

• I have a suggestion.

• Tina does all the work.

KEY POINT

state or

Object

Action or

verbAgung Prasetyo

ACTIONS

OR

VERB

Past

Present

Future

TENSES

Simple

Continuous

Perfect

Agung Prasetyo

STATE

OR

OBJECT

JOBS

EVENT

NATIONALITYAGE

IDENTITY

Time

Place

Moment

Agung Prasetyo

MODAL VERBS

Agung Prasetyo

Function in Certain Condition

• Necessity: must, have (got) to, need, needn't and mustn't.

• Obligation and advice: should, ought to etc.

• Permission: can, could, may, might and be allowed to.

• Certainty: will, must and can, should and ought to.

• Possibility: may, might, can and could.

• Ability: can, could and be able to.

• Unreal situations: would.

• Habits: (will, would) and used to. Agung Prasetyo

Agung Prasetyo

Agung Prasetyo