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Auxiliary,
Ordinary,
and
Modal Verbs
OXFORD GUIDE TO ENGLISH
GRAMMAR
BY
John Eastwood
Arranged by Agung Prasetyo
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What are auxiliary, ordinary and
modal verbs?
Agung Prasetyo
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Be, Have, and Do
Auxiliary
• We were waiting for a bus.
• I have thought about it
• Does Tina need any help?
Ordinary
• We were at the bus stop.
• I have a suggestion.
• Tina does all the work.
KEY POINT
state or
Object
Action or
verbAgung Prasetyo
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ACTIONS
OR
VERB
Past
Present
Future
TENSES
Simple
Continuous
Perfect
Agung Prasetyo
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STATE
OR
OBJECT
JOBS
EVENT
NATIONALITYAGE
IDENTITY
Time
Place
Moment
Agung Prasetyo
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MODAL VERBS
Agung Prasetyo
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Function in Certain Condition
• Necessity: must, have (got) to, need, needn't and mustn't.
• Obligation and advice: should, ought to etc.
• Permission: can, could, may, might and be allowed to.
• Certainty: will, must and can, should and ought to.
• Possibility: may, might, can and could.
• Ability: can, could and be able to.
• Unreal situations: would.
• Habits: (will, would) and used to. Agung Prasetyo
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Agung Prasetyo
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Agung Prasetyo