avu 2013 conference final report 2013 conference final … · avu 2013 conference final report ......

!

!

2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!1!!!

!

!

!!!

!

FINAL!REPORT!!

!

!

!

The!AVU!Multinational!Project!Phase!II!

!

2013!1ST!INTERNATIONAL!CONFERENCE!OF!THE!AVU!

!

November!20H22nd!2013!

Hotel!Intercontinental!Nairobi,!Kenya!

!

!

Report!compiled!by!

Atieno!Adala,!PhD!

Manager!Research!and!Development!

!

!

©African!Virtual!University!

!

! !

!

!

!


!

Table%of%Contents%I.! Acronyms%.............................................................................................................................................................%3!II.! Executive%Summary%.........................................................................................................................................%4!III.! Preconference:%...........................................................................................................................................%10!

1.! Workshops!....................................................................................................................!10!

2.! Digital!Poster!Display!.....................................................................................................!14!

IV.! Conference%Day%1%......................................................................................................................................%15!3.! Opening!Ceremony!.......................................................................................................!15!

4.! Session!1:!!Infrastructure!&!Capacity!............................................................................!19!

5.! Session!2:!!Open!Educational!Resources!(OER)!Integration!..........................................!26!

6.! Session!3:!Distance!Learning!&!ICTs!..............................................................................!30!

7.! Session!4:!Science!Education!&!ICTs!..............................................................................!34!

8.! Session!5:!eLearning!&!Instructional!Design!.................................................................!40!

9.! Session!6:!Instructional!Technology/Information!Systems!...........................................!43!

10.! Day!1:!Summaries!from!the!Chairs!............................................................................!47!

V.! Conference%Day%II%..........................................................................................................................................%64!11.! Session!7:!Panel!on!AVU!Multinational!Project!.........................................................!64!

12.! Session!8:!ICTs!&!Educational/Social!Context!...........................................................!70!

13.! Session!9:!Curriculum/Program!Development!..........................................................!71!

14.! Session!10:!OER!Crowdsourcing!Panel!Presentation!.................................................!76!

15.! Session!11:!High!Level!Panel!on!OER!&!MOOCs!........................................................!78!

16.! Session!12:!Keynote:!The!Online!Revolution:!Education!for!Everyone!.....................!81!

17.! Day!2:!Summaries!of!Presentations!..........................................................................!82!

18.! Closing!Ceremony!......................................................................................................!94!

VI.! Appendices%..................................................................................................................................................%96!19.! Program:!Outline!.......................................................................................................!97!

20.! List!of!Presenters!.......................................................................................................!98!

21.! List!of!Delegates!......................................................................................................!100!

22.! List!of!ACEP!Participants!..........................................................................................!105!

23.! Picture!Gallery!.........................................................................................................!111!

24.! Terms!of!Reference!for!2013!1st!International!Conference!of!the!AVU!..................!119!

25.! Call!for!Proposals!.....................................................................................................!122!

26.! Submissions!Review!Form!.......................................................................................!125!

27.! Checklist!for!Preparing!your!Final!Abstract!.............................................................!126!

28.! Preparing!Your!Presentation!for!the!Conference!....................................................!128!

29.! Session!Chair!Guidelines!.........................................................................................!131!

30.! Participants!Remarks!...............................................................................................!132!

31.! Conference!Evaluation!............................................................................................!136!

32.! Final!Abstracts!.........................................................................................................!139!

33.! Concept!Note:!Research!&!Development!...............................................................!161!

!

!


!

I. Acronyms+ ACBF!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!African!Capacity!Building!Foundation!!

ACEP! ! AVU!Capacity!Enhancement!Program!

ADEA! ! Association!for!the!Development!of!Education!in!Africa!

AfDB! ! African!Development!Bank!

AU! ! African!Union!

AVU! ! African!Virtual!University!

ACSP!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Applied!Computer!Science!Program!

CAMES! ! African!and!Malagasy!Council!for!Higher!Education!

ICT! ! Information!and!Communication!Technologies!

MoU! ! Memorandum!of!Understanding!

NRA!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!National!Regulatory!Authority!

OCWC! ! Open!Courseware!Consortium!

ODL!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Open!and!Distance!Learning!

ODeL! ! Open!Distance!and!eLearning!!

OERs! ! Open!Educational!Resources!

PI! ! Partner!Institutions!

R&D!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Research!&!Development!

SADC!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Southern!Africa!Development!Community!

STEM! ! Science,!Technology,!Engineering!and!Mathematics!

TEP! ! Teacher!Education!Program!

UCAD! ! Université!Cheikh!Anta!Diop!de!Dakar!

UNESCO! United!Nations!Education!Scientific!and!Cultural!Organization!

VLE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Virtual!Learning!Environment!

!

!

!

! !

!

!


II. Executive+Summary+!

The!AVU!convened!its!first!international!conference!in!Nairobi!in!November!2013!from!the!20th!

–!22nd.!The!conference!was!funded!by!the!African!Development!Bank!within!the!framework!of!

the!Multinational!Project!II!being!implemented!in!21!countries!and!27!partner!institutions.!The!

theme!of!the!conference!defined!within!the!framework!of!AVU!R&D!agenda!focused!mainly!on!

topics!related!to!the!Multinational!project.!!The!conference!was!held!at!the!Hotel!

Intercontinental!Nairobi!and!was!well!attended!with!close!to!200!participants.!Represented!

were!the!African!Union,!African!Development!Bank,!AVU!and!OCWC!Board!of!Directors,!ViceH

Chancellors!and!Deputy!ViceHChancellors,!Ministries!of!Education,!National!Regulatory!

Authorities,!researchers!and!university!academics.!

Conference%Objectives%

!The!AVU!annual!conference!is!part!of!the!broader!AVU!research!and!development!(R&D)!

agenda!outlined!in!the!R&D!concept!note!(see!appendix!31).!!This!includes!holding!annual!

conferences!and!publishing!an!online!journal.!AVU!annual!conferences!funded!by!AfDB!will!

focus!primarily!on!topics!directly!related!to!the!Multinational!Project!activities.!The!outcome!of!

the!conferences!will!inform!policies!and!best!practices!not!only!for!AVU!but!also!for!the!

participating!countries,!and!the!larger!community!of!researchers!and!practitioners!in!Africa!and!

beyond.!The!research!areas!outlined!in!the!concept!note!include!content!development,!

programs!delivery!in!open!distance!and!eLearning,!science!and!technology!education!in!Africa,!

education!policies,!integration!of!ICT!in!Education,!unlocking!the!potential!of!mobile!learning,!

gender!and!education,!especially!in!science!and!technology.!The!call!for!proposals!for!the!

conference!drew!on!these!topics.!All!these!topics!are!related!to!the!Multinational!Project.!

The!objectives!of!this!first!conference!are!outlined!as!follows:!!

• Provide!a!forum!for!scholars!and!academics!across!the!African!continent!and!

globally!to!debate!and!exchange!ideas!on!research,!practice!and!policy!issues!

presented!on!the!theme!and!subthemes!of!the!conference.!

• Engage!with!administrators!of!participating!institutions,!notably!DVCs!academics!or!

their!chosen!representatives!by!having!them!attend!the!conference.!

• Engage!with!the!ministries!by!having!them!send!AVU!National!Coordinators!to!

attend!the!conference.!

• Disseminate!and!share!abstracts!of!accepted!proposals!by!publishing!in!the!

conference!proceedings.!

• Identify!scholars!whose!research!aligns!with!the!AVU’s!R&D!agenda.!!

• Identify!potential!submissions!and!reviewers!for!the!upcoming!AVU!online!journal.!!

• Develop!systems!and!procedures!for!the!2nd!and!subsequent!AVU!conferences!(see!

Appendix!22!for!complete!TOR).!

!

!

!


Call%for%Proposals%

The!call!for!proposals!was!sent!out!in!midHApril!2013!with!the!theme,!“Integrating!eLearning!and!

Open!Education!to!Increase!Access!to!Quality!Education!and!Training!in!Africa.”!The!theme!and!

subHthemes!of!the!conference!were!mainly!related!to!the!activities!of!the!Multinational!Project!

II.!!Proposals!were!invited!for!the!following!subHthematic!areas:!(i)!open!educational!resources!

(OERs)!and!massive!open!online!courses!(MOOCs);!(ii)!infrastructure!&!access;!(iii)!accreditation!

and!quality!assurance;!(vi)!management!and!delivery!of!open,!distance!and!eLearning!courses!

and!programs;!(v)!content!and!curriculum!design,!development!&!delivery,!including!in!science,!

technology!engineering!&!math!(STEM)!education,!teacher!education,!computer!science!and!

peace!&!conflict!studies;!(vi)!gender!issues!in!science,!technology!engineering!&!math!(STEM)!

education;!(viii)!design!of!instruction;!(ix)!assessment!and!evaluation;!(x)!emerging!media!and!

technologies,!including!mobile!learning;!(xi)!strengthening!institutional!capacity!for!sustainable!

eLearning.!!

!

Proposals!were!invited!for!the!following!categories:!(i)!individual!papers,!(ii)!group!panels,!(iii)!

posters/digital!posters,!and!(iv)!workshops.!!

+

Proposal%Submission%and%Review%Process%

Considering!the!AVU’s!mandate!to!help!build!capacity!it!was!important!for!the!AVU!to!set!a!

precedent!by!requiring!that!call!for!proposals!attract!thoughtful!and!quality!proposals.!Hence!

instead!of!requesting!for!the!standard!250H300!word!abstract,!submissions!were!required!to!

provide!a!2000!limit!word!proposal!that!clearly!outlined!the!following!elements!in!a!research!!or!

practiceHbased!paper:!!(i)!Objectives!or!purposes!of!the!paper;!(ii)!Perspective!or!

theoretical/conceptual!framework;!(iii)!Methods,!techniques,!or!modes!of!inquiry!(vi)!Data!

sources,!evidence,!objects,!or!materials;!(v)!Results!and/or!substantiated!conclusions!or!

warrants!for!arguments/points!of!view!(vi)!Scientific!or!scholarly!significance!of!the!study!or!

work!(vii)!Relevance!of!the!study!to!the!conference!theme!–!“Integrating!eLearning!and!Open!

Education!to!Increase!Access!to!Quality!Education!and!Training!in!Africa”!or!the!relevant!subH

theme!for!the!proposal. See!Appendix!23!for!the!complete!call!for!proposals. !

Over!60!proposal!submissions!were!received,!and!slightly!over!half!of!these!were!accepted!for!

presentation!after!undergoing!a!peer!review!process.!Alongside!the!call!for!proposals,!the!AVU!

sent!out!a!call!for!peer!reviewers.!About!twenty!people!responded!to!this!call.!Their!applications!

were!evaluated!and!only!those!deemed!suitable!were!requested!to!review!the!proposals.!Also!

requested!to!review!were!the!authors!who!had!submitted!proposals!to!the!conference.!!Each!

reviewer!was!sent!about!five!proposals!to!review!and!rank.!The!call!for!reviewers!is!an!ongoing!

project!as!the!AVU!is!currently!building!up!its!reviewer!database.!!!

!

!

!


For!the!first!conference!the!submission!and!review!process!was!handled!entirely!through!email,!

a!somewhat!tedious!and!time!consuming!process.!This!workload!can!be!reduced!with!the!

development!of!an!online!proposal!submission!and!review!system.!This!creation!of!an!online!

portal!is!discussed!below.!!

!

Resources%&%Skills%Developed%

Convening!the!first!conference!was!also!a!capacity!strengthening!exercise!for!all!the!units!of!the!

AVU.!All!units!were!involved!in!the!planning,!logistics!and!execution!of!the!conference.!!Working!

across!the!three!languages!for!an!enterprise!of!this!nature!was!also!quite!monumental.!The!first!

conference!provided!good!experience!to!build!and!improve!on!going!forth.!!

For!its!first!conference,!the!AVU!also!created!an!online!registration!and!payment!system.!All!the!

presenters!registered!through!this!system!and!some!early!bird!payments!were!also!received!

through!the!online!registration!system.!This!is!an!important!resource!that!needs!to!be!further!

developed!to!standards!of!professional!conferences.!!

In!line!with!AVU’s!capacity!strengthening!mandate!a!number!of!resources!were!developed!to!

help!authors.!These!were!meant!to!help!in!the!submission,!review!and!presentation!activities!

and!are!included!in!the!appendices.!These!include!the!guidelines!for!proposal!submission,!peerH

review!form,!a!checklist!for!preparing!your!final!abstract,!preparing!your!presentation!for!the!

conference!and!session!chair!guidelines.!!

!

Attendees%!

Presenters!came!mainly!from!the!AVU!Partner!Institutions!funded!by!the!African!Development!

Bank,!from!other!African!institutions!and!from!institutions!in!Europe,!Asia!and!America.!The!cost!

of!attending!is!a!challenge!for!many!African!academics!as!evidenced!by!the!request!for!

sponsorships.!There!were!a!number!of!people!who!indicated!that!without!sponsorship!they!

could!not!attend.!Going!forward,!there!is!need!to!explore!ways!to!setHup!a!fund!to!sponsor!

conference!participation.!Considering!the!underrepresentation!of!women!at!the!conference,!

recently!the!AVU!submitted!a!grant!proposal!to!support!women!computer!scientists!to!attend!

and!present!at!the!conference!and!is!exploring!other!funding!opportunities!for!the!conference.!!

!

The! advisory! committee! mainly! made! up! of! deputyHvice! chancellors! (DVCs)! academic! and!

national!coordinators!from!member!countries!ministries!of!education!were!also!sponsored!to!be!

part!of!the!conference!as!part!of!the!AVU!strategy!to!build!capacity!by!having!them!engage!in!

Research!and!Development.!AVU!strategic!partners!were!also!invited!to!the!conference.!Having!

DVCs,! Ministry! of! Education! representatives! and! ACEP! workshop! participants! attend! the!

conference!was!a!good!strategy!aimed!at!achieving!the!goals!of!the!conference.!This!built!on!the!

Advisory!meeting! in!May!and! the! launch!missions!encouraging!delegates! to!participate! in! the!

AVU!R&D!agenda!by!submitting!proposals!for!the!conference!and!the!online!journal.!

!

!


!

The!AVU!and!Open!CourseWare!Consortium!board!meetings!coincided!with!the!conference.!The!

board!members!lent!their!support!to!the!conference,!actively!participated!in!the!various!

sessions!as!well!as!interacted!with!the!delegates.!!The!opening!ceremony!was!presided!over!by!

AVU!Board!member!Prof.!Rogerio!Uthui.!After!the!welcome!address!by!the!AVU!Rector,!the!

keynote!address!was!given!by!Chief!Guest!Ms.!Fenny!W.!S.!Mwakisha,!the!Director!of!Higher!

Education!at!the!Ministry!of!Education,!Kenya!who!attended!on!behalf!of!the!Cabinet!Secretary,!

Prof.!Jacob!Kaimenyi.!Dr!Beatrice!Njenga!from!the!African!Union!Commission!(AUC)!also!gave!a!

speech!at!the!opening.!The!conference!ended!with!a!keynote!presentation!from!Daphne!Koller,!

Stanford!University!Professor!of!Computer!Science!and!CoHFounder!and!coHCEO,!Coursera.!

Professor!Chiedu!Mafiana!of!the!Nigerian!University!Commission!gave!the!vote!of!thanks.!!

Appendix!21!has!the!picture!gallery!with!some!of!the!photographs!from!the!conference.!!

!

Dissemination%Strategy%!

A!very!basic!website!was!developed!to!upload!information!and!resources!for!the!conference!

including!the!abstracts!and!the!program.!Going!forth!the!AVU!is!developing!a!more!robust!and!

professional!portal!for!the!Research!and!Development!unit.!This!will!include!website!for!AVU!

conferences!and!the!online!journal.!These!will!be!very!functional!sites!with!most!of!the!

submissions!and!review!process!moved!online!to!streamline!the!process!creating!a!more!

effective!and!efficient!submission!and!review!system!in!addition!to!hosting!the!final!

publications.!Resources!will!be!required!to!bring!this!site!to!the!requisite!professional!standard.!

The!conference!proceedings!for!the!1st!annual!conference!will!be!uploaded!to!the!online!portal.!

This!will!include!abstracts!and!PowerPoint!presentations.!Once!online,!partner!institutions!and!

other!strategic!partners!will!be!notified!to!access!the!proceedings!from!this!site.!The!

proceedings!were!also!videotaped!and!these!could!be!professionally!edited!and!shared.!Live!

streaming!of!the!conference!was!not!done!due!to!issues!of!cost!and!quality,!but!this!needs!to!be!

explored!for!subsequent!conferences.!

!

Final%Presentations%!

The!final!sessions!covered!the!following!thematic!areas:!(1)!Infrastructure!&!Capacity;!(2)!Open!

Educational!Resources!(OER)!Integration;!(3)!Distance!Learning!and!ICTs;!(4)!eLearning!&!

Instructional!Design;!!(5)!Science!Education!&!ICTs;!(6)!Instructional!Technology/Information!

Systems;!(7)!AVU!Multinational!Project;!(8)!Social!Context!of!ICTs!in!Education;!(9)!

Curriculum/Program!Development;!(10)!OER!Crowdsourcing!Panel!Presentation;!(11)!High!Level!

Panel!on!OERs!and!MOOCs;!(12)!Keynote:!The!Online!Revolution:!Education!for!Everyone.!The!

preconference!has!three!scheduled!workshops!(i)!Leveraging!Institutional!Open!Practices!to!

Promote!Access!to!Education!(ii)!Participatory!Digital!MultiHMedia!Content!Development!

Strategies;!(iii)!Open!Education!Resources!and!the!Impact!of!Open!Education!Policy.!!The!AVU!

!

!


did!not!receive!papers!on!all!the!subHthemes!in!the!call!for!proposals!such!as!on!gender!and!

STEM!education!and!therefore!as!mentioned!earlier!will!explore!strategies!to!get!papers!on!this!

topic!in!the!future.!

!

Worth!highlighting!are!some!of!the!sessions!that!build!synergies!with!the!activities!currently!

being!undertaken!in!the!AVU!Multinational!Project!Phase!II.!There!is!a!very!active!interest!in!

Open!Education!Resources!as!evidenced!by!the!fact!that!there!were!six!sessions!on!OERs!&!

MOOCs!(Workshops!1!&!3!and!Sessions!2,!10,!11!&!12).!!

The!workshops!were!held!on!the!preconference!day.!The!workshop!on!,!“Leveraging!

institutional!open!practices!to!promote!access!to!education,”!guided!participants!in!examining!

the!policy!environment!and!organizational!culture!desired!for!effective!open!education!

activities,!including!identifying!and!addressing!relevant!policies!at!the!departmental/faculty,!

institutional,!national,!or!association!level!(such!as!for!recognition,!promotion,!intellectual!

property,!quality!assurance,!etc.)!that!can!either!support!or!hinder!the!goal!of!increasing!access!

to!educational!experiences.!The!workshop!drew!from!case!studies!from!a!twoHyear!community!

college!in!the!U.S.,!an!undergraduate!and!postHgraduate!research!university!in!the!U.S.,!and!a!

regional!network!of!health!sciences!institutions!in!subHSaharan!Africa.!The!AVU!workshop!on!

Open!Education!Resources!sought!to!give!to!participants!an!awareness!of!what!OERs!are!and!to!

introduce!them!to!the!AVU!OER!collection.!The!session!also!discussed!the!concept!of!Creative!

Commons!Licenses.!!

The!papers!in!Session!2,!“Integration!of!OERs,”!interrogated!the!resultant!successes!and!failures!

when!it!comes!to!the!integration!of!open!education!resources!in!higher!education!and!the!need!

to!raise!awareness!and!to!support!the!use!of!OERs.!Three!out!of!the!four!papers!in!this!session!

were!from!AVU!partner!universities!in!Tanzania.!The!studies!looked!at!students’,!instructors’!and!

administrators’!perception!and/or!use!of!OERs.!More!work!is!still!needed!to!realize!the!adoption!

and!use!of!OERs.!!

The!papers!in!Session!10,!“OER!Crowdsourcing”!explored!the!possibility!of!using!crowdsourcing,!

the!recruitment!and!coordination!of!individuals!with!subject!matter!expertise!to!collaboratively!

write,!translate!and!maintain!open!educational!resources!(OER),!a!task!that!would!otherwise!

take!enormous!resources!and!time.!During!the!first!Phase!of!the!Multinational!project,!the!

translations!of!the!materials!were!costly!and!lengthy,!the!session!on!crowed!sourcing!was!

seeking!an!alternative!solution.!To!be!of!maximum!value,!OERs!need!to!be!localized!for!context!

and!for!language.!The!papers!presented!case!studies!from!three!different!countries!and!

examined!the!motivations!and!strategies!for!mobilizing!volunteers!with!language!skills!and!

subject!matter!expertise,!who!can!localize!educational!materials!without!losing!technical!

precision.!The!papers!sought!to!provide!a!framework!for!the!development,!adaptation,!and!

maintenance!of!OERs!using!crowdsourcing,!with!a!focus!on!models!for!collaborative!translation!

by!a!community!of!multilingual!volunteers!engaged!primarily!over!the!Internet.!

!

!


!In!session!11,!“Panel!on!OERs!and!MOOCs,”!panelists!included!Board!Members!of!the!

OpenCourseWare!Consortium!(OCWC).!They!explored!the!basics!of!open!education!in!practice,!

including!considerations!for!licensing!materials!as!open!educational!resources!(OER)!and!for!

using!OER!to!support!student!access!and!achievement.!!Case!studies!came!from!Delft!University!

of!Technology,!Tufts!University,!USA,!the!University!of!California!Irvine,!USA,!Creative!Commons,!

Spain!and!showcased!the!variety!of!open!educational!projects!from!different!universities!around!

the!world.!!The!presentation!from!Georgia!Tech!University,!USA!showcased!how!using!MOODs!

(Massive!Open!Online!Degrees)!Georgia!Tech!was!able!to!significantly!lower!the!cost!of!getting!a!

master’s!degree!in!Computer!Science.!

Session!12!was!a!keynote!presentation!by!Daphne!Koller!on!MOOCs.!Titled,!“the!Online!

Revolution:!Education!for!Everyone,”!the!presentation!was!delivered!virtually,!with!Prof.!Koller!

taking!questions!on!Skype.!She!shared!how!Coursera!started!as!a!grant!experiment!project!at!

Stanford!University!that!wanted!to!deliver!computer!science!courses!to!anyone!with!an!internet!

connection,!around!the!world!for!free.!Enrolments!went!from!a!few!thousand!to!100,000!

students!or!more!within!a!matter!of!weeks.!She!put!this!in!perspective!by!noting!that!the!normal!

enrolments!for!the!introductory!machine!learning!course!is!400.!They!would!have!had!to!teach!

that!class!for!250!years!to!match!the!MOOCs!enrolments!in!Coursera.!But!this!would!have!been!

250!generations!of!privileged!Stanford!students!as!opposed!to!students!from!every!country,!

every!age!group!in!every!walk!of!life!that!would!have!had!access!to!these!materials!by!taking!the!

online!classes.!!

Another!area!of!activity!in!the!AVU!Multinational!Project!is!Science!Education.!In!Session!4!on!

Science!Education!&!ICTs,!the!presentations!argued!for!the!importance!of!integrating!ICT!in!

science!education!for!better!learning!outcomes.!However,!two!problems!were!highlighted:!(i)!

the!need!to!train!teachers;!(therefore,!those!who!resist!should!be!sensitized!with!a!view!to!

overcoming!this!opposition);!and!(ii)!the!interests!of!learners!should!also!be!upheld!because!

they!are!the!beneficiaries!after!all.!!

!

The!summaries!from!the!sessions!and!presentations!are!captured!in!the!rest!of!the!report!below!

and!abstracts!are!included!in!Appendix!31.!

! !

!

!


III. Preconference:++The!two!main!days!of!the!conference!were!preceded!by!a!preconference!which!workshops!and!a!

display!of!the!digital!posters.!This!was!rounded!off!by!a!welcome!reception!in!the!evening.!!

1. Workshops%%The!preconference!had!three!scheduled!workshops!(i)!Leveraging!Institutional!Open!Practices!to!

Promote!Access!to!Education!(ii)!Participatory!Digital!MultiHMedia!Content!Development!

Strategies;!(iii)!Open!Education!Resources!and!the!Impact!of!Open!Education!Policy.!!Below!is!a!

brief!description!of!these!workshops.!

!

1.1. Workshop*1:*Leveraging*Institutional*Open*Practices*to*Promote*Access*to*Education*

Facilitators:!James!GlapaHGrossklag,!Dean,!Educational!Technology,!Learning!Resources,!and!

! Distance!Learning,!College!of!Canyons,!and!President!of!the!Advisory!Board!for!the!

! Community!College!Consortium!for!Open!Educational!Resources!

Kathleen!Ludewig!Omollo,!International!Program!Manager,!Office!of!Enabling!

Technologies,!University!of!Michigan!Medical!School!!!

This!workshop!was!well!attended!with!over!40!participants.!It!guided!participants!in!examining!

the!policy!environment!and!organizational!culture!desired!for!effective!open!education!

activities,!including!identifying!and!addressing!relevant!policies!at!the!departmental/faculty,!

institutional,!national,!or!association!level!(such!as!for!recognition,!promotion,!intellectual!

property,!quality!assurance,!etc.)!that!can!either!support!or!hinder!the!goal!of!increasing!access!

to!educational!experiences.!This!formal!and!informal!policy!environment!is!a!common!area!of!

interest!for!many!educators!and!institutions!that!are!curious!about!or!are!currently!pursuing!

open!education!activities.!The!facilitators!drew!from!their!own!experiences!at!their!respective!

institutions,!a!twoHyear!community!college!in!the!U.S.,!an!undergraduate!and!postHgraduate!

research!university!in!the!U.S.,!and!a!regional!network!of!health!sciences!institutions!in!subH

Saharan!Africa.!The!facilitators!shared!a!framework!for!understanding!one’s!own!organizational!

culture,!and!for!identifying!opportunities!for!open!practices!within!that!institutional!context.!

The!attendees!actively!participated!in!the!activities,!including!working!in!groups!to!complete!the!

worksheets!under!the!guidance!of!the!facilitators.!!

!

1.2. Workshop*2:*Participatory*Digital*MultiBMedia*Content*Development*Strategies*

Facilitator:*Robert!L.!Jones,!II,*Executive!Director,!OnLine!Africa!Knowledge!Foundation*

This*workshop*was*cancelled.*The*facilitator’s*flight*was*cancelled*and*could*not*make*it*in*

time*to*present.**

!

!


Workshop*Description:!This!presentation!will!explore!how!the!OnLine!Africa!Knowledge!

Foundation’s!websites!are!using!multimedia!training!and!services!to!facilitate!development!of!

quality!cultureHspecific!education,!better!governance,!and!reliable!public!information!services!

through!a!network!of!“digital!fifth!estates”!which!are!collaborations!between!the!public!sector,!

private!citizens,!researchers,!professional!journalists,!universities,!community!journalists!and!a!

network!of!village!think!tanks.!The!session!will!focus!on!participatory!photography’s!ability!to!

help!aspiring!multimedia!storytellers,!photographers,!digital!designers!and!editors!acquire!or!

improve!their!ability!to!create,!appreciate!and!evaluate!images!that!have!commercial!and!

practical!developmental!value!due!to!their!universal!“readability”!(technical,!aesthetic!and!

communications!factors)!coupled!with!the!ability!to!present!cultureHspecific!data!visualizations!

in!compelling!ways.!Most!attendees!should!notice!an!immediate!improvement!in!their!ability!to!

take!and!utilize!images!as!a!result!of!the!session’s!training!modules.!Attendees!will!be!able!to!

explore!compelling!hyper!local!and!interactive!digital!solutions!that!can!be!readily!adapted!to!

meet!the!growing!need!to!communicate!“tactile”!visual!data!and!other!types!of!accurate!word,!

picture!and!sound!information!for!consumers,!multidisciplinary!researchers,!media!practitioners!

and!learners.!Participants!will!be!introduced!to!effective!practical!training!programs!and!other!

resources!that!can!help!Africans!tell!their!own!stories!better.!

!

1.3. Workshop*3:*Open*Education*Resources*and*the*Impact*of*Open*Education*Policy*

Facilitators:!!!Griff!Richards,!PhD,!Manager,!Educational!Technology!&!Learning!Resources!&!

James!Waciira,!African!Virtual!University!

This!workshop!was!facilitated!by!Dr.!Griff!Richards!and!was!well!attended!with!close!to!!200!

participants.!He!presented!the!OER!strategy!of!the!AVUin!3!parts.!!

!

Part*1*B*Open*Education*Resources*(OER)*Strategy*

Phase!II!(2012H2016)!of!the!Multinational!Project!involves!27!partner!institutions!in!21!countries.!

A!workshop!was!held!in!May!2013!to!review!and!revise!the!73!Teacher!Education!modules!that!

were!developed!in!Phase!I!and!later!released!as!OER.!10!new!modules!have!been!recommended!

for!development!i.e.!how!to!become!a!master!science!teacher/math!teacher.!The!curriculum!for!

an!applied!computer!science!degree!has!been!identified.!Peace!and!conflict!training!has!also!

been!recommended!for!public!access.!These!programs!are!to!be!implemented!over!the!next!two!

years.!

!

AVU!programs!and!modules!need!to!be!customizable!to!fit!into!each!institutions!programs!and!

to!meet!local!needs.!Consistent!quality!combined!with!flexibility!promotes!their!chances!of!

adoption.!Attention!will!be!focused!on!core!content!and!higher!and!modules!will!be!written!by!

African!experts.!AVU!has!an!Open!Education!Resource!policy!so!no!copyright!clearances!will!be!

needed!to!reHuse!or!adopt!our!materials,!and!the!material!will!be!publicly!available!to!learners!

!

!


as!well!as!professors.!Since!the!publication!of!the!OER!materials!in!2010!over!two!million!

accesses!to!the!content!have!been!made!–!almost!25%!from!Brazil.!

!

Ways!of!streamlining!the!translation!process!is!currently!being!discussed.!The!community!will!

corroborate!the!translation!since!professional!translators!may!not!understand!some!subject!

matter!e.g.!technical!issues.!Between!May!and!June!2014,!it!is!intended!that!materials!will!be!

emerging!and!it!is!projected!that!most!modules!will!be!completed!within!a!year.!Since!the!

computer!science!program!is!a!little!different!and!no!existing!programs!are!available,!it!will!be!

reviewed!by!the!expert!community.!A!twoHyear!diploma!program!leading!to!a!fourHyear!

bachelor’s!degree!has!been!recommended.!It!will!be!different!in!the!sense!that!it!will!be!geared!

toward!getting!practical!experience!that!will!include!general!education,!theory!and!applied!skills!

e.g.!getting!internship!experience.!The!AVU!strategy!recognizes!that!it!is!important!to!build!

community!programs!through!collaboration!with!local!stakeholders.!

!

Part*2:*OER*Portal*—*By*James*Wachira*

This!part!of!the!session!focused!on!a!Demo!of!the!OER!portal.!73!modules!developed!in!three!

languages!had!been!uploaded!on!the!OER@!AVU!site!and!other!platforms!like!SCRIBD!which!is!a!

social!media!site.!From!this!and!other!platforms!there!have!been!2,000,000!accesses!from!

beginning!of!2011!to!October!2013.!The!portal!has!won!several!awards!for!these!efforts.!

Statistics!on!international!usage!for!OER@AVU!portal!indicate!that!the!US!tops!the!chart.!

!

Revision!of!the!portal!will!have!greater!impact!with!better!technology!use!and!constant!updates!

by!other!users.!DSpace!is!a!useful!tool!in!putting!up!open!digital!content.!It!has!an!inHbuilt!

statistics!feature!and!Google!analytics!will!be!used!to!supplement!statistics.!There!has!been!a!lot!

of!lot!of!customization!for!the!portal!to!look!like!the!AVU!site.!Resources!are!grouped!in!three!

languages,!English,!French!and!Portuguese.!Final!modules!of!the!Multinational!Project!will!be!

available!in!both!.pdf!and!.doc!since!they!are!meant!for!easy!adaptation!by!universities.!!

*

Part*3:*OERs*and*Creative*Common*Licenses*—Dr*Griff*Richards*

In!the!final!part!of!the!session,!Dr.!Richards!introduced!the!concept!of!Creative!Commons!

Licenses.!The!copyright!was!designed!to!protect!authors!to!get!remuneration!for!their!work!and!

the!laws!vary!from!country!to!country.!In!UK!the!term!Open!University!meant!setting!university!

that!all!can!access.!i.e.!no!prerequisite.!Open!source!software!denotes!software!intended!for!use!

by!the!community!through!customization.!In!Open!Education!Resources!openness!means!open!

for!reHuse!by!others.!

In!the!last!few!years!a!lot!of!discussion!on!the!Creative!Commons!License!has!taken!place.!It!is!

focused!on!creating!content!but!giving!a!license!to!use,!share!or!reHadopt!the!materials.!There!

are!about!350!million!items!on!the!internet!with!CC!licenses.!Creative!Commons!consists!of!3!

licenses!and!four!principles.!OER!increases!profile!of!authors!and!saves!education!money!from!

having!to!purchase!learning!resources.!OER!maximizes!opportunity!for!sharing!as!well!as!

supports!nonHformal!learners.!This!makes!it!easy!for!future!updates.!It!not!only!increases!

!

!


visibility!of!the!profiles!of!the!faculty!involved,!but!also!results!in!support!of!the!development!of!

the!other!projects!through!exchanges!of!OER!material.!

!

Where%is%OER%going?!There!is!currently!concern!over!Massive!Open!Online!Resources!(MOOCs)!

in!Europe.!Free!education!by!large!organizations!is!posing!a!problem!of!quality.!Current!issues!

with!MOOCs!are!also!to!do!with!revenue!not!being!viable!for!institutions!and!poor!course!

completion!rates!hovering!about!5%.!A!lot!of!MOOCs!exist!in!science!courses!and!education!

policy!makers!at!universities!need!to!see!if!massification!of!education!is!possible!without!losing!

quality!of!the!learning!experience.!Some!MOOC!resources!are!massive!and!free!but!not!

necessarily!open,!i.e.!they!cannot!be!reHused.!Open!accessibility!issues!will!eventfully!sort!

themselves!out!but!the!movement!portends!changes!in!the!university!education!system.!Now!is!

the!time!to!invent!and!protoHtype!the!future!of!online!education.!

*

Plenary*Discussion*

Why*is*it*that*many*institutions*impose*copyrights*and*limit*the*use*of*published*papers*as*

one*may*wish*to?*

! The!traditional!commercial!academic!publishing!model!provided!a!service!to!the!

academic!community,!but!its!business!case!demanded!copyright!control!of!the!content.!

As!multinational!corporations!have!taken!control!of!the!academic!publishing!business,!

the!high!costs!of!subscription!have!become!an!impediment!to!distribution!of!

knowledge.!Yet!this!knowledge!is!usually!created!by!publiclyHfunded!scholars!working!

with!publiclyHfunded!grants,!so!it!should!be!accessible!to!the!public.!Few!institutions!in!

Africa!have!sufficient!budget!to!subscribe!to!a!large!collection!of!academic!journals.!

Open!publishing!provides!an!opportunity!for!academic!communities!to!reHtake!control!

of!the!flow!of!knowledge.!!Universities!can!adopt!open!education!policies!to!encourage!

publication!and!use!of!open!academic!resources.!Open!content!can!go!a!long!way!to!

making!knowledge!available!in!universities!in!developing!countries.!

! !

!

!


2. Digital%Poster%Display%Submissions also included digital posters and these were displayed on a plasma monitor at the conference venue. Delegates were invited to peruse the posters and presenters were requested to be on hand at scheduled times to discuss their digital posters with those interested. The following are the titles of the digital posters submitted. *

French*Posters*

1. Projet!de!création!d’ecao!(Exercices!Corriges!Assistés!par!Ordinateur)!par!des!étudiants!!

normaliens!pour!des!élèves!de!la!classe!terminales!H!Pr.%Rémi%Rakotondradona,%Ecole!Normale!Supérieure!d’Antananarivo,!Madagascar!

2. Opportunités!et!défis!pour!le!développement!des!TIC!en!appui!à!l’enseignement!!

supérieur!et!la!recherche!à!Madagascar!H!Dr!Jeannin!Ranaivonasy,!Joelisoa!

Ratsirarson!&!Daniel!Rakotondravony,!Ecole!Normale!Supérieure!d’Antananarivo,!

Madagascar!

!! !

English*Posters*

3. The!determinants!of!adoption!and!leading!use!of!the!internet!among!students!in!LCCs:!%an!empirical!study!on!Cameroonian!data%9%Georges%Bertrand%TAMOKWE%PIAPTIE,%University!of!Douala,!Cameroon%

4. Technologies!of!abundance!and!their!influence!on!learning!among!university!students!in!!!!!

!!!!!!!Kenya!%Anne%A.%Aseey%PhD,%University%of%Nairobi!5. The!Global!OER!Graduate!Network!(GOHGN)!!H!Jos.%H.A.N.%Rikers,!Open!Universiteit,!The!!

!!!!!!!!!Netherlands!

! !

!

!


IV. Conference+Day+1+!

The!first!day!of!the!conference!began!with!the!opening!ceremony,!followed!by!six!paper!

presentation!sessions!each!one!and!half!hours,!with!the!day!ending!with!a!summary!from!the!

session!chairs.!!

3. Opening%Ceremony%*

Chair:*Prof%Rogerio%Uthui,%Rector,!Universidade!Pedagogica,!Mozambique!(Chair,!AVU!BOD)!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%!!

3.1. Opening*Remarks*B*Prof*Rogerio*Uthui,*Rector,*Universidade*Pedagogica,*Mozambique!(Chair,*AVU*BOD)*!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*

%In!his!opening!remarks!Prof%Rogerio%Uthui%warmly!welcomed!all!partner!institutions!and!

delegates!who!were!there!to!attend!and!participate!in!the!first!International!Conference!of!AVU.!

He!recognized!the!presence!of!the!Chief!Guest!Ms.!Fenny!W.!S.!Mwakisha,!the!Director!of!

Higher!Education!at!the!Ministry!of!Education,!who!attended!on!behalf!of!Prof.!Jacob!Kaimenyi,!

the!Cabinet!Secretary,!Dr!Beatrice!Njenga!from!the!African!Union!Commission!(AUC)!and!all!the!

distinguished!guests!and!delegates!from!around!the!world.!He!then!handed!over!to!Dr.!Atieno!

Adala,!AVU.!

!

3.2. Opening*and*Introductions*B*Dr*Atieno*Adala,*Conference*Chair*AVU*

Dr.!Adala!thanked!all!participants!for!attending!first!international!conference!of!the!AVU.!The!

presence!of!20!member!states!was!acknowledged.!She!observed!that!it!had!been!an!intense!

journey!in!organizing!the!forum!that!begun!with!a!call!for!proposals!in!April!to!review!of!the!

proposals!and!final!selection!of!papers.!

Dr.!Adala!introduced!the!participating!VC!and!DVCs!Academics!and!the!National!Coordinators!at!

the!Ministries!of!Education.!She!acknowledged!the!presence!of!the!National!Commission!of!

Nigeria!and!all!other!participants!who!would!be!taking!part!in!the!forum.!Finally,!Dr.!Adala!

invited!the!chair!to!invite!AVU!Rector!Bakary!Diallo!for!the!welcome!address.!

!

3.3. Welcome*Address*B*Dr.*Bakary*Diallo,*Rector*AVU*

Dr.!Bakary!once!again!acknowledged!the!presence!of!the!Director!of!Higher!Education!as!the!

representative!of!the!chief!guest,!Cabinet!Secretary!Jacob!Kaimenyi.!

Dr.!Diallo!underscored!the!theme!of!the!conference!that!revolved!around!training!on!eHlearning.!

He!described!Africa!as!the!next!frontier!with!massive!growth!potential.!He!noted!the!problem!

!

!


that!has!plagued!the!African!continent!for!the!past!decade!in!relation!to!training!the!human!

capital.!Statistics!showed!only!6%!have!access!higher!education!in!Africa.!If!Africa!is!to!compete!

and!seal!the!12H15%!the!gap,!then,!the!traditional!methods!of!training!were!not!the!best!suited.!

The!AVU!strategy!provided!a!suitable!method!to!increase!access!to!higher!education.!

Technology!provided!a!solution!that!is!within!reach!as!long!as!adequate!policy!and!planning!and!

quality!control!are!put!in!place.!

Open!Education!Resources!(OER)!and!MOOCs!(Massive!Open!Online!Courses)!are!changing!the!

face!of!education!and!questioning!the!future!of!higher!education.!There!is!need!to!strengthen!

capacity!to!keep!up!with!new!developments.!Dr!Diallo!invited!delegates!to!utilize!the!AVU!online!

journal!and!make!regular!contributions.!He!emphasized!the!need!for!Vice!Chancellors,!Deputy!

Vice!Chancellors,!Ministers!and!academicians!to!collaborate!in!education.!He!thanked!the!

African!Development!Bank!for!supporting!the!workshop.!He!observed!that!the!African!Union!

Commission!has!signed!an!MOU!for!assisting!in!open,!distance!and!eLearning!in!the!panHAfrican!

University!initiative.!He!thanked!the!Kenyan!government!for!having!given!AVU!diplomatic!status.!

In!conclusion!he!acknowledged!the!presence!of!all!delegates!and!participants!from!22!African!

countries!as!well!as!guests!from!South!America,!Latin!America,!the!United!States!and!Asia.!He!

observed!that!these!delegates!had!given!the!first!AVU!conference!truly!an!international!status.!

*

3.4. Opening*Remarks*by*African*Union*Commission*B*Dr.*Beatrice*Njenga*Head*of*Education*

Division,*AUC*

Dr.!Njenga!congratulated!AVU!on!successfully!convening!this!first!international!conference.!AVU!

has!gained!international!recognition!and!the!African!Union!Commission!was!proud!to!be!

associated!with!AVU!as!demonstrated!in!an!MOU!signed!on!the!PanHAfrican!University!initiative.!

Dr.!Njenga!hoped!the!deliberations!of!this!conference!were!going!to!enhance!the!contribution!

towards!engagement!manner!in!the!next!50!years.!She!stated!that!the!proceeds!from!the!

workshop!will!inform!work!that!AUC!will!be!doing!in!the!future!and!AUC!would!take!this!

opportunity!to!identify!other!players!for!further!collaboration.!She!referred!to!the!postH2015!AU!

agenda!on!education!development,!the!MDGs!and!African!Plan!of!Action!for!education!and!

pointed!out!that!the!forum!was!an!avenue!for!soliciting!ideas!on!how!eLearning!and!open!

education!could!help!in!achieving!these!goals.!The!current!strategy!under!development!was!

going!to!incorporate!eLearning!in!its!new!strategy!which!focuses!on!access!to!quality,!relevance,!

responsive!and!inclusive!education!for!all.!She!confirmed!that!education!was!at!the!core!of!

achieving!AU!vision!of!access!to!education!at!all!levels.!

Africa!has!the!largest!proportion!of!young!people!and!AUC!was!establishing!systems!of!

equipping!young!people!and!empowering!them!with!education.!She!stressed!the!importance!of!

not!compromising!on!quality!and!removing!barriers!to!access.!Institutional,!scientific!and!

!

!


technological!knowHhow!are!key!in!Africa!as!such!strengthening!of!the!human!resources!in!

formal!and!nonHformal!sector!will!empower!youth!in!Africa.!

Further!she!underscored!the!need!to!share!education!and!improve!on!the!1.1!million!teachers!

who!are!trained!and!the!importance!of!even!distribution!both!geographically!and!on!subject!

matters.!ICT!skills!provide!a!vital!platform!to!increase!access!and!fast!track!development.!

Tertiary!education!needs!to!be!enhanced!as!it!currently!registers!only!access!rate!of!7%!which!is!

too!low!to!meet!the!needs.!Strategy!for!education!policies!need!to!be!met.!Teachers!need!to!be!

at!technological!forefront!and!to!have!relevant!skills!for!learning.!A!flagship!project!for!AU!is!the!

PanHAfrican!University!intended!to!revitalize!education!and!research!and!attract!and!retain!high!

caliber!and!intelligent!personnel.!All!students!should!be!exposed!to!history!of!Africa,!human!

rights!and!conflict!resolution.!

ODeL!programs!will!be!included!at!the!Pan!African!University!and!there!is!need!to!contribute!to!

OER!and!to!make!them!accessible!to!all!institutions!in!Africa!and!the!Diaspora.!These!issues!will!

be!followed!up!with!AVU.!AVU!needs!to!expand!and!to!include!more!African!universities.!A!full!

operation!of!the!university!is!targeted!in!2014!and!AU!will!forge!partnership!towards!a!common!

vision.!She!assured!participants!that!the!recommendations!of!the!conference!will!be!presented!

to!the!conference!of!Ministers!of!Education!in!Africa!scheduled!for!April!2014!to!influence!

continental!policies.!In!conclusion!she!pointed!out!that!obstacles!need!to!be!removed!to!ensure!

compatibility,!manage!rights!and!responsibility!and!equality!in!the!African!continent!and!avoid!

disenfranchising!different!user!groups.!!

Finally!Dr.!Njenga!expressed!hope!that!the!proceeds!of!this!conference!will!seek!to!address!the!

identified!obstacles.!

!

3.5. Keynote*Speech*Guest*of*Honor*B*Prof*Jacob*Kaimenyi,*Cabinet*Secretary,*Ministry*of*

Education,*Kenya*represented*by*Director*of*Higher*Education.**

The!keynote!speech!was!read!on!behalf!of!the!Cabinet!Secretary!by!Ms.!Fenny!W.!S.!Mwakisha!

the!director!for!higher!education.!She!began!by!congratulating!AVU!for!successfully!holding!its!

first!international!conference!and!expressed!the!Ministry's!delight!to!be!part!of!the!occasion.!!

Dr.!Mwakisha!noted!the!conference!was!organized!at!an!opportune!time!when!the!government!

of!Kenya!was!putting!policies!in!place!for!increasing!tertiary!education!in!the!country.!The!

number!of!universities!had!doubled!in!the!last!decade!but!the!number!of!students!increased!at!a!

faster!rate.!Universities!are!unable!to!enroll!all!students.!ODeL!is!also!key!to!solving!issues!of!

gender!and!accessibility.!ODeL!ensures!flexible!learning!with!the!ability!to!deliver!online!and!

offline.!The!government!is!in!the!process!of!establishing!the!Open!University!of!Kenya!and!will!

collaborate!with!AVU!in!this!initiative.!The!conference!will!help!identify!best!practices!in!ODeL.!!

!

!


The!government!aims!to!make!education!the!platform!equipping!the!country!with!ICT!for!

dynamic!growth!and!there!is!need!to!consult!with!institutions!such!as!AVU.!Through!AVU!

programs,!6!academicians!benefited!at!UON!and!through!cascade!training!they!have!been!able!

to!train!700!academicians.!Kenyatta!University!and!Egerton!University!have!benefited!through!

enhanced!infrastructure!and!capacity!for!ODeL!delivery!and!management.!This!demonstrates!

that!AVU!is!fulfilling!its!objective!of!building!capacity!in!Africa.!!

Plans!are!underway!to!create!an!Open!University!of!Kenya!and!AVU!could!help!in!defining!the!

field.!Vision!2030,!of!the!government!of!Kenya!was!keen!on!using!the!platform!of!ICT!to!bridge!it!

deficits!and!required!a!helping!hand!from!AVU!during!its!inception!stages.!Dr.!Mwakisha,!

reiterated!the!Ministry’s’!commitment!in!creating!policies!that!address!eHlearning!progression!

and!the!availability!of!high!speed!internet.!The!ministry!will!also!support!all!the!efforts!geared!

towards!increased!uptake!of!the!AVU!programs!throughout!Africa.!There!is!need!for!affordable!

internet!access!and!the!government!will!put!in!place!policies!of!internet!infrastructure!for!

eLearning.!!

The!director!reiterated!the!Ministry's!support!for!the!vision!of!AVU!and!thanked!the!AfDB!for!its!

continuous!support!of!AVU!projects.!She!thanked!AVU!Rector!Dr.!Diallo!for!inviting!the!Ministry!

to!the!conference!and!in!concluding!declared!the!conference!officially!opened.!

! !

!

!


%

4. Session%1:%%Infrastructure%&%Capacity%*

Chair:*Prof.%Makenya%Maboko,!Deputy!Vice!Chancellor!Academic,!University!of!Dar!es!Salaam!

*

+4.1. The*role*of*photovoltaic*powered*ICT*centres*on*ODL*programmes*in*rural*areas*in*

Tanzania**

Presenter(s):%Damasen%Ikwaba%Paul%&%Fatma%Ubwa,%The%Open%University%of%Tanzania,%Dar%es%Salaam*

*

Introduction*

Photovoltaic!is!solar!power!and!the!terms!can!be!used!interchangeably.!This!study!focused!on!

the!rural!areas!of!Tanzania.!The!current!population!in!Tanzania!is!44.9!million,!with!75!%!living!in!

rural!areas!and!25!%!living!in!urban!areas.!This!situation!may!be!replicated!in!other!parts!of!

Africa.!In!rural!areas!75%!have!no!access!to!higher!education!because!of!three!main!reasons.!

Most!universities!are!located!in!the!main!cities!of!Tanzania.!Low!income!in!rural!areas!results!in!

lack!of!funds!to!invest!in!higher!education.!There!is!only!one!ODeL!center,!the!Open!University!

of!Tanzania!with!two!modes!of!learning.!In!face!to!face!learning!the!student!travels!to!the!city!

and!regular!textbooks!are!used.!Face!to!face!session!is!very!expensive!in!delivery!and!hence!ICTs!

are!being!utilized.!!

*

Challenge*!

Only!2.5!%!of!Tanzanians!have!access!to!electricity!and!delivering!ICT!education!in!rural!areas!is!

a!challenge.!Most!people!have!to!go!to!cities!to!charge!phones!and!situation!is!not!mitigated.!

The!two!possible!sources!of!energy!are!generators!and!solar!energy!both!having!pros!and!cons.!

Generator!maintenance!is!a!challenge!with!need!for!constant!maintenance!and!repair.!The!high!

cost!of!solar!energy!technology!cannot!be!afforded!by!the!rural!poor.!!

*

Recommendation*!

The!recommendations!made!from!this!survey!included!establishing!ICT!solar!powered!centers!in!

each!ward!in!Tanzania,!installation!of!at!least!40!pcs!or!laptops!in!each!center,!provision!of!

internet!facilities,!uploading!of!educational!materials!for!study,!eBooks!journals!and!reference!

material!to!be!uploaded!and!to!ensure!accessibility!without!internet.!The!recommended!sources!

for!funds!for!ICT!center!were!government!funding,!joint!partnership!between!community!and!

donors!and!loans!from!village!coHoperative.!!

*

Impact*of*solar*powered*center*on*community*!

• Ability!to!access!university!website!for!relevant!information!reduces!the!need!to!travel!

to!the!center!!

• Access!admission!information!electronically,!course!and!examination!registration!

!

!


• Reduces!the!need!to!travel!to!the!institution!for!registration!!

• Access!to!higher!education!loan!application!digitally!!

• Access!to!electronic!reference!material!study!and!online!forums!and!interaction!with!

tutors!!

!

Next*steps!

• 98%!response!in!study!indicated!that!setting!up!of!centers!would!increase!access!to!

education!!

• A!pilot!project!is!planned!to!be!set!up!5!ICT!centers!!

• Conduct!survey!to!establish!extent!of!higher!education!!

• After!3H4!years!confirm!if!ICT!centers!increase!access!to!higher!education!

*

*

*

*

4.2. Strengthening*institutional*capacity*for*effective*eBlearning*through*partnership:*An*illustration*from*public*sector*management*training**

Presenter(s):%Mr.%Franklin%Mutahakana,%African%Capacity%Building%Foundation%(ACBF)%Harare,%Zimbabwe;%Dr.%Hardson%Kwandayi,%Africa%University%Mutare,%Zimbabwe%%*

Introduction*!

Africa!has!vast!natural!resources!with!fast!growing!economies!and!has!the!potential!for!

development!in!many!aspects.!However!the!key!challenge!facing!Africa!is!how!to!turn!these!

resources!into!potential!for!growth.!!

!

The*Challenge*

Africa!has!the!highest!level!of!unemployment!and!lack!of!access!to!education.!Major!challenges!

facing!higher!learning!institutions!is!that!government!support!has!been!reducing!and!has!

affected!the!ability!for!research!and!reduced!impact!from!universities.!Universities!have!had!to!

learn!to!be!innovative!and!have!resorted!to!technology!innovations!such!as!eLearning!for!

sustainable!development.!It!is!important!to!mitigate!these!challenges!in!order!to!remain!

relevant!in!the!sector.!!

!

Interventions*

Interventions!by!the!African!Capacity!Building!Foundation!(ACBF)!are!structured!through!

capacity!at!three!levels:!!

• Individual!development;!

• Institutional!capacities;!and!!

• Organization!capacities!in!terms!of!policy!framework!and!governance!

!

!

!


The!ACBF!focuses!on!institutional!support!through!renewing!of!infrastructure!and!mainly!

through!ICT,!making!sure!universities!keep!up!with!technology.!The!Education!sector!is!key!to!

Africa's!development!and!it!is!important!to!identify!solutions!in!order!for!sustainability!to!be!

achieved!in!Africa.!!

In!offering!assistance!to!African!universities!and!providing!institutional!support,!ACBF!has!learnt!

several!lessons:!!

• Partnerships!are!important!in!devolving!and!strengthening!institutional!capacity!!

• Capacity!development!is!a!long!term!process!that!requires!patience!and!capital!!

!

Need*for*innovation*in*education*!

Traditional!modes!of!learning!have!lost!ground!and!leave!out!potential!clients.!Innovations!in!ICT!

have!assisted!education!institutions!not!to!be!restricted!by!geographical!and!political!

boundaries.!Conventional!methods!are!no!longer!sufficient!and!limits!reach!of!an!institution.!In!

eLearning,!adults!find!it!easier!to!learn!in!their!own!environment!since!they!have!limited!time!

for!attending!face!to!face!classes.!Research!has!shown!that!eLearning!is!effective!in!adult!

education!and!in!education!beyond!political!and!geographical!boundaries.!!

*

Survey*findings*!

ELearning!has!greater!edge!in!terms!of!access!to!material!and!resources!e.g.!eBooks!and!eH

Journals!provide!wider!variety!in!terms!of!research!and!improving!delivery.!Capacity!

development!is!not!simple!and!short!time!process!requires!long!time!strategy!and!sufficient!

capital.!Technology!is!the!key!to!accessing!development!objectives!particularly!in!the!education!

sector.!Education!is!key!to!sustainable!development!and!investments.!ACBF!has!found!that!there!

are!models!that!work!and!those!that!do!not.!Partnership!with!institutions!and!developing!

capacity!specifically!in!education!sector!has!worked!in!many!cases.!In!conclusion,!an!educated!

continent!is!an!empowered!continent.!Partnerships!are!the!key!to!supporting!institutional!

development!and!eLearning!is!the!tool!that!will!assist!the!education!sector!to!leap!frog!the!

continent!to!development.!!

*

%4.3. Effective*implementation*of*technology*innovations*in*higher*education*institutions:*A*

survey*of*selected*African*universities**

Presenter(s):%John%Kandiri,%Kenyatta%University,%Kenya%*

Introduction*!

This!survey!involved!universities!selected!across!Africa!and!focused!on!how!to!scale!up!the!

uptake!of!technology!in!these!institutions.!Experience!has!shown!that!there!has!been!a!high!

failure!rate!in!integrating!ICT!in!universities.!Researchers!are!trying!to!come!up!with!successful!

models!given!that!there!is!high!demand!for!education!in!Africa.!!

!

!

!


In!Africa!learning!institutions!have!high!numbers!of!students!enrolled!in!relation!to!the!limited!

lecturers.!Technology!has!potential!to!attract!students!and!transform!education!and!building!

communities!of!innovation.!The!significance!of!technology!in!education!cannot!be!overH

emphasized.!In!sectors!such!as!banking,!there!has!been!a!high!intake!and!effectiveness!of!

technology.!In!education!however!there!seems!to!be!disengagement!between!belief!and!usage!

of!technology.!Most!projects!are!based!on!testing!of!technology!rather!than!implementation.!

This!is!because!where!implemented,!failure!of!a!technology!has!had!serious!consequences!on!

institutions,!such!as!loss!of!credibility,!negative!image!and!these!results!in!skepticism!by!top!

management.!!

*

The*Study*!

The!survey!intended!to!establish!the!issues!causing!continued!failed!technology!in!higher!

education!and!focused!on!the!role!of!monitoring!and!evaluation,!resources,!financing,!project!

leadership!and!top!management.!Both!qualitative!and!quantitative!methods!were!applied.!The!

study!was!conducted!between!2008!and!2012.!Participation!involved!7!universities!with!26!

projects!in!subHSaharan!Africa.!53!interviews!were!conducted!and!34!inHdepth!interviews!carried!

out.!SPSS!was!used!in!the!analysis.!!

*

Results*!

By!end!of!December!2012,!were!the!projects!effectively!implemented?!33%!of!the!projects!were!

in!use,!67%!were!not!in!use.!30.7%!of!the!respondents!indicated!they!were!using!technology.!

Not!all!objectives!were!met!in!using!the!technology!and!most!indicated!they!perceived!partial!

success.!Findings!showed!lack!of!congruence!between!quantitative!and!qualitative!data.!The!

lack!of!success!was!attributed!to!poor!framing!and!development!of!innovation!at!70%.!Success!

requires!that!the!project!must!be!a!substantive!objective!of!the!organization!and!some!

departments!were!not!involved!in!the!design.!There!was!lack!of!fidelity!as!in!some!cases!what!

was!in!the!proposal!was!not!implemented.!Silo!mentality!accounted!for!a!proportion!of!failure!

of!the!projects.!Some!departments!like!ICT!were!not!ready!to!share!information.!Many!pilot!

projects!are!conducted!and!result!in!redundancy.!The!institutions!are!only!testing!technology!

and!not!implementing!technology!in!most!cases.!!

*

Conclusions*!

• There!is!lack!of!absorptive!capacity!in!African!universities.!!

• Lack!of!belief!in!technology!!

• Lack!of!technology!transfer!from!external!sources!and!lack!of!developing!capacity;!once!

the!project!is!over!and!the!funders!pull!out!the!institution!could!not!sustain!the!project!

• There!is!poor!framing!in!cases!where!institutions!get!funding!and!adopt!technology!

without!looking!at!how!it!would!impact!strategy!of!the!institutions.!!

Recommendations**

!

!


• SubHSaharan!Africa!is!a!challenged!environment!where!technology!in!government!and!

workplace!is!fraught!with!failures.!!

• There!is!need!for!institutions!and!government!to!have!better!framing!and!capacity!

development!and!especially!encourage!staff!to!embrace!positive!ideas!of!technology.!!

• There!is!need!to!tap!skills!from!external!sources!for!continuity!of!projects.!!

!

4.4. Discussion*

The!role!of!ICTs!photovoltaic!powered!centres!on!ODL!programmes!in!rural!areas!in!Tanzania!H!

Damasen%Ikwaba%Paul%&%Fatma%Ubwa,%The%Open%University%of%Tanzania,%Dar%es%Salaam!

i. How*much*on*average*would*be*the*cost*of*setting*up*a*center?*

! Cost!analysis!has!not!been!explored!and!will!be!considered!at!the!second!stage!of!

proposal!for!funding.!

!

ii. What*is*the*distance*between*the*centers*and*does*it*enable*accessibility*between*

areas?*

! Distance!is!not!known.!The!centers!are!located!at!the!wards!and!are!near!secondary!

schools.!The!centers!are!more!accessible!for!the!rural!communities!as!compared!to!

the!city.*

*

iii. Are*groups*of*postBsecondary*students*who*would*like*further*education*e.g.*polytechnics*and*colleges*catered*for*in*the*ICT*center*or*are*they*specifically*intended*

for*university*education?*

! All!groups!are!allowed!to!use!the!center!and!it!would!be!used!as!a!community!

training!facility!

!

iv. What*measures*have*been*put*in*place*for*sustainability*of*the*project?*

! Local!communities!involved!from!the!beginning!of!project!to!ensure!sustainability.!

!

v. Mobile*learning*was*pointed*out*as*a*challenge.*Have*you*explored*the*use*of*solar*

mobile*chargers*that*are*currently*available?*

! The!research!did!not!go!into!the!detail!but!the!project!has!the!information!on!solar!

powered!batteries!for!laptops!and!phones.!

!

vi. Expound*on*criteria*used*in*identifying*the*location*of*the*ICT*center?*! Currently!the!centers!are!not!in!place!but!once!the!funding!is!availed!the!criteria!for!

selection!will!be:!

o The!center!must!be!in!rural!areas,!with!no!electricity!

o The!community!must!have!an!education!that!can!qualify!for!higher!

education.!The!source!of!information!for!this!is!budget!survey!2007!that!

identified!several!variables!in!the!households!

!

!


o Number!of!students!enrolled!to!ODeL!centers!

!

vii. Statistics*based*on*population*distribution*indicate*that*25%*of*the*population*is*living*in*urban*areas.*Will*programs*to*be*implemented*in*ODeL*only*focus*in*access*to*rural*

population?*Have*you*looked*at*access*needs*in*urban*areas*and*what*are*the*reasons*

for*lack*of*access*in*urban*areas?*

! There!is!challenge!in!access!in!the!urban!areas!also,!but!the!focus!to!access!in!the!

study!is!considered!only!in!rural!areas.!

!

viii. Have*you*considered*other*alternative*ways*of*generating*power*in*case*the*solar*panels*fail*considering*in*rural*areas*it*is*difficult*to*fix*failures*of*solar*panels?*

! Only!solar!panels!will!be!considered.!There!are!plans!to!train!technicians!to!run!the!

center!and!maintain!the!equipment.!

!

ix. Was*the*qualification*and*number*of*staff*for*ICT*center*considered?*

! Research!did!not!go!into!details!of!manpower!and!skills.!The!variable!will!be!

considered!in!the!next!proposal.!

!

x. *Comment:*The*presenter*should*consider*justifying*why*they*need*to*locate*certain*

centers*in*certain*places.*The*project*should*be*proposed*as*sustainable*because*

donors*and*funders*would*be*interested*in*this*variable.*

*

Strengthening!institutional!capacity!for!effective!eHlearning!through!partnership:!An!illustration!

from!public!sector!management!training!H!Mr.%Franklin%Mutahakana,%African%Capacity%Building%Foundation%(ACBF)%Harare,%Zimbabwe!

i. Are*there*institutions*that*demonstrated*best*practices*in*strengthening*institutional*

capacities*that*can*be*adopted*by*others?*

! The!paper!was!focusing!on!partnerships!between!ACBF!and!African!Universities.!

ACBF!supports!capacities!across!the!continents.!In!Ghana!ACBF!has!partnership!with!

GIMPA,!which!can!be!termed!a!case!of!good!practice!in!terms!of!institutional!

capacity!strengthening!in!technological!innovation.!

!

! In!Kenya,!the!Kenya!School!of!Monetary!studies!has!a!program!on!banking!and!

microHfinance!that!was!also!successful.!Other!cases!include!Zambia,!Zimbabwe!and!

Uganda's!Makerere!University.!In!francophone!Africa,!universities!in!Cameroon!and!

Ivory!Coast!with!policy!management!training!are!good!examples.!

!

! The!areas!focused!on!were!ICT!and!faculty!involvement!and!providing!faculty!with!

new!skills!in!the!aspect!of!institutional!capacity!strengthening.!

!

!

!


ii. How*did*you*solve*the*issue*of*adoption*of*technology*by*staff*as*a*teaching*method?*

! In!terms!of!resistance!to!change,!all!human!beings!resist!change!but!part!of!the!

strategy!is!to!show!success!in!small!increments!and!other!players!will!see!

advantages!and!embrace!change.!The!study!did!not!look!at!this!as!a!variable!but!

response!from!lecturers!showed!that!they!find!technology!to!be!relevant!in!

enhancing!education.!Level!of!resistance!is!not!as!bad!as!other!changes!experienced!

in!society!

!

Effective!implementation!of!technology!innovations!in!higher!education!institutions:!A!survey!of!

selected!African!universities!H!John!Kandiri,!Kenyatta!University,!Kenya!

i. The*60%*silo*mentality*findings*are*interesting*and*not*surprising.*Was*this*further*

explored*to*understand*the*reason*for*the*silo*mentality?*

! Technology!should!be!framed!to!specific!needs!of!users!and!not!just!for!the!sake!of!

technology.!The!projects!were!funded!and!introduced!through!top!management!e.g.!

DVC.!However,!implementation!did!not!consider!how!the!technology!would!support!

strategic!roles!of!the!institutions.!

!

! When!selecting!groups!to!implement!the!project,!measures!were!not!taken!to!

ensure!collaboration!and!this!resulted!in!disharmony!and!competition.!There!should!

have!been!a!way!of!ensuring!groups!working!together.!For!those!institutions!that!

had!proposals!prior!to!the!project,!implementation!was!successful.!!

!

ii. What*basis*of*selection*for*universities*was*used*in*the*study?!

! The!study!mainly!focused!on!Anglophone!universities!and!only!1!Portuguese!

speaking!institution!was!involved.!Funding!was!provided!for!selected!7!universities!

and!26!projects.!This!was!based!on!proposals!by!the!institution!to!the!sponsors!and!

was!used!as!a!basis!for!selection.!

! %

!

!


!

5. Session%2:%%Open%Educational%Resources%(OER)%Integration%*

Chair:**Prof%Aggrey%Abate,!Vice%Chancellor,%University!of!Juba,*South!Sudan!!

5.1. By*means*of*OER*integration:*An*analysis*of*tutors’*and*learners’*views*of*OER*as*an*ODL*

strategy*for*teaching*and*learning*

Presenter(s):%Ezra%Maritim,%Jacqueline%L.%Bundala,%Winfrida%Malingumu,%Open%University%of%Tanzania%Dar%es%Salaam,%Tanzania%

!

*

This!paper!emphasized!the!alternatives!of!OER!as!a!solution!to!traditional!methods.!This!will!

counter!the!challenges!in!the!traditional!way!of!teaching!and!learning!resources!which!includes!

among!others!low!participation!in!higher!education.!OER!provides!education!at!low!possible!

costs.!It!further!highlighted!the!need!to!invest!in!OER!as!a!means!of!promoting!access,!quality!

and!relevance!and!for!learning!to!take!place!anywhere.!The!idea!of!open!access!will!reward!the!

students!as!the!greatest!beneficiaries.!This!is!in!tandem!with!SADC!policy!that!seeks!to!enable!

students!to!move!across!institutions!in!the!region!and!to!ensure!mobility!does!not!constrain!

learning.!SADC!plays!a!critical!role!as!a!regional!block!helpful!in!the!realization!of!OER.!!

*

*

5.2. Challenges*and*instructors’*intention*to*adopt*and*use*open*educational*resources*in*higher*education*in*Tanzania*

Presenter(s):%Joel%S.%Mtebe,%University%of%Dar%es%Salaam,%Tanzania%%%%*

This!paper!brought!to!the!fore!the!fact!that!resources!used!in!traditional!methods!are!expensive,!

inadequate!and!outdated.!Therefore,!as!much!as!OER!use!was!still!at!its!early!stages!with!a!

paltry!2%!in!subHSaharan!Africa,!other!factors!that!pose!challenges!include!internet!availability!

and!access!and!enabling!policy!guidelines.!As!such!some!of!the!efforts!are!geared!toward!

expanding!to!ensure!significant!effect!on!the!use!of!OER.!In!conclusion!it!was!clear!that!about!

80%!were!willing!to!share!resources!via!internet.!Benefits!are!well!documented.!!

!

*

*

5.3. Students’*awareness*and*their*use*of*African*virtual*open*courseware:*A*case*of*the*Open*University*of*Tanzania*

Presenter(s):%Zamzam%I.%Nyandara%&%Janeth%E.%Kigobe,%The%Open%University%of%Tanzania,%Dar%es%Salaam,%Tanzania%!

This!paper!brought!to!the!fore!student!awareness!of!OER!materials!and!AVU!course!materials.!

Results!of!the!study!postulated!that!awareness!decreased!with!age!but!gender!did!not!affect!the!

degree!of!awareness!since!it!cut!across!board.!A!majority!of!the!students!acknowledged!the!

!

!


benefits!of!the!OER!material!but!did!not!want!to!spend!a!lot!of!time!there!since!the!content!

available!did!not!help!them!pass!examinations.!Some!were!not!impressed!by!use!of!multiple!

questions!as!they!considered!this!a!model!used!in!lower!levels!of!learning.!In!conclusion,!there!

was!a!generally!positive!feeling!towards!the!material,!but!probably!some!sensitization!and!

drawing!the!attention!of!the!students!to!the!relevance!may!increase!the!uptake!of!the!materials!

by!participating!institutions.!!

*

*

5.4. Perception*of*executive*board*members*of*African*Council*for*Distance*Education*on*

integration*of*open*educational*resources*in*distance*higher*education*institutions*in*

Africa*

Presenter(s):%Dr.%Rotimi%Ogidan,%African%Council%for%Distance%Education,%Nairobi,%Kenya%!

This!study!sought!to!interrogate!the!knowledge!level,!the!respondents!perception,!the!staff!

preparedness!to!access!integration!of!OER,!the!relevance,!the!impact,!as!well!as!the!means!of!

procurement!among!the!decision!making!organs!of!institutions!of!higher!learning.!It!focused!on!

Vice!Chancellors!in!various!institutions!who!were!members!of!the!African!Council!for!Distance!

Education.!It!currently!had!43!members,!a!number!of!associate!members!and!273!individual!

members.!The!members!who!were!interviewed!represented!the!center!of!decision!making!in!

institutions!of!higher!learning.!

The!findings!of!the!study!indicated!the!VCs!did!not!understand!OER!resources!and!had!little!

interest.!This!was!also!replicated!among!members!of!staff!who!also!showed!little!or!no!interest.!

The!study!therefore!recommended!the!general!lack!of!awareness!be!countered!through!a!series!

of!sensitization!meetings!with!the!aim!of!increasing!awareness.!

!

*

5.5. Discussion*

By!means!of!OER!integration:!An!analysis!of!tutors’!and!learners’!views!of!OER!as!an!ODL!strategy!for!

teaching!and!learning!H!Ezra%Maritim,!Jacqueline%L.%Bundala,!Winfrida%Malingumu,!Open!University!of!Tanzania!Dar!es!Salaam,!Tanzania!

i. Infrastructure*plays*a*critical*role*in*operating*an*effective*OER,*do*the*above*

presentations*consider*infrastructure*as*important?**

! The!development!and!publishing!of!OER!materials!process!is!the!same!as!that!used!

in!module!development!only!that!at!OER!it!is!not!confined!to!the!institutions!

developing.!For!example,!in!the!SADC!center!short!courses!are!conducted!on!policy!

making!and!are!used!to!address!regional!needs.!The!material!is!also!developed!by!

consensus,!whereby!a!consortium!designs,!then!reviews!and!eventually!release!the!

material!for!public!use.!

!

!


!

ii. How*is*content*developed*and*published*within*OER?*

! The!materials!developed!are!mainly!consumed!by!open!learning!universities.!There!

are!many!studies!that!have!always!focused!on!content!and!infrastructures!as!the!

only!inhibiting!factor!to!the!uptake!of!OER,!yet!there!are!social!aspects!to!the!slow!

uptake!of!this!mode!of!learning.!

Challenges!and!instructors’!intention!to!adopt!and!use!open!educational!resources!in!higher!

education!in!Tanzania!H!Joel%S.%Mtebe,%University%of%Dar%es%Salaam,%Tanzania%%!

!

i. What*is*the*impact*of*the*research*done*on*AVU*activities?*

! The%last%5%years%have%recorded%increased%access%to%internet%and%use%of%online%material%all%over%Africa%

!ii. The*need*to*use*OER*in*institutions*of*higher*learning*is*evident,*is*there*any*

chance*of*using*OER*in*lower*levels*of*learning*especially*where*there*is*high*

enrollment*and*there*are*no*adequate*teachers*and*classrooms?*

! The%use%of%OER%is%not%limited%to%higher%institutions%given%that%the%SADC%protocol%recognizes%ODEL%as%a%vehicle%to%all%levels%of%education.%

! The%laptop%project%in%Kenya%makes%OER%one%of%the%most%viable%utilization%at%all%levels%of%education.%

%iii. What*is*the*actual*cost*of*OER?*Are*there*budgetary*constraints*in*developing*

OER?*

! Underfunding%is%a%real%challenge%in%the%development%of%OER%which%emanates%from%the%negative%perceptions%that%the%users%have.%Open%textbooks%as%they%are%used%in%North%America%provide%a%perfect%way%of%reducing%the%budgetary%costs.%

%iv. Traditional*teaching*methods*do*not*encourage*eLearning*as*a*mode*of*teaching.*

What*can*be*done*to*increase*its*uptake*among*schools*and*teachers?*

! As%a%way%of%convincing%academia%to%adapt%ODEL,%two%modes%of%material%have%been%developed%–%the%printed%materials%and%online%materials.%%

Students’*awareness*and*their*use*of*African*virtual*open*courseware:*A*case*of*the*Open*

University*of*Tanzania*B**Zamzam!I.!Nyandara,!The!Open!University!of!Tanzania,!Dar!es!Salaam,!Tanzania*

i. The*research*done*on*awareness*and*the*use*of*African*virtual*open*courseware*does*

not*show*if*students*are*aware,*how*did*you*draw*your*conclusions?*

!

!

!


! The%intention%of%the%study%on%awareness%and%their%use%of%African%virtual%open%courseware%were%to%find%future%use%of%OER%if%the%users%are%well%oriented.%The%study%therefore%focused%on%only%those%who%were%aware%of%AVU%existence.%

%! This%study%sheds%some%light%in%the%usage%behavior%of%the%students%within%their%

institution.%%

! In%the%study%on%student%awareness,%resistance%from%students%on%the%multiple%choice%questions%which%are%perceived%to%belong%to%the%lower%level%of%learning%is%unfounded.%Multiple%choice%questions%can%be%used%at%any%levels%to%achieve%intended%objectives.%

!

ii. The*African*culture*generally*shuns*technology*and*is*not*adapted*to*this*kind*of*

lifestyle,*is*there*any*hope?*

%! Adaptation%and%African%culture%play%a%role%in%the%uptake%of%eLearning,%however%the%

use%of%references%that%are%online%is%one%of%the%strategies%institutions%can%use%to%direct%students%towards%using%OER.%

!

iii. There*seems*to*be*a*breakdown*of*communication*between*AVU*and*stakeholders*

adduced*from*the*papers*presented?*What*is*AVU*doing*to*counter*this?*

! There%is%no%disengagement%between%AVU%and%development%of%OER%because%AVU%brought%together%12%representatives%from%institutions%and%individual%experts%to%form%a%consortium%which%in%turn%collaborated%in%the%development%of%the%materials.%

%! AVU%is%working%tirelessly%to%ensure%the%utilization%of%the%modules%is%meaningful.%So%

far%25%workshops%have%been%organized%in%various%institutions%and%centers%to%promote%the%use%of%the%materials.%The%materials%are%also%available%in%CD%ROMs%and%can%be%downloaded%in%libraries%for%use.%

! %

!

!


%%

6. Session%3:%Distance%Learning%&%ICTs%*

Chair:*Amadou%Boureima,!DVC!Academic,!Université!Abdou!Moumouni!de!Niamey,!Niger!

%*

6.1. Student*perception*of*open*and*distance*learning*mode*for*initial*primary*teacher*

training*in*Malawi:*A*case*of*Lilongwe*Teachers*College*

Presenter(s):%Grace.%M.%K.%Banda%PhD,%Lilongwe%Teachers%College,%Malawi%&%Elias%Kaphesi%PhD,%University%of%Malawi,%Malawi%!

Data!collection!was!undertaken!and!three!groups!were!engaged!in!the!activity.!The!students!

appreciated!the!introduction!of!eLearning!and!materials!used!were!easy!to!read.!A!very!positive!

response!on!ODeL!was!received.!!

Malawi!ODeL!model!aims!at!providing!IPTE!certificate,!combines!college!based!institution,!selfH

study!and!school!based!study.!ODeL!curriculum!was!organized!in!six!themes—languages,!

numeracy!and!mathematics,!social!sciences!and!environmental!sciences.!At!the!field!level,!

support!came!from!the!district!education!officers,!head!teachers,!mentors!and!practicing!

teachers.!Team!work!was!key!for!the!success!of!this!program.!Demand!for!ODeL!is!increasing.!

The!introduction!of!ODeL!has!led!to!an!increase!of!student!teachers!in!colleges!and!positive!

perceptions!of!students!about!ODeL.!!

Major*findings*of*ODEL*in*Malawi**

• Students!are!willing!to!embrace!ODEL!!

• Materials!were!easy!to!read!!

• Financial!support!was!appreciated.!!

Challenges**

The!students!appreciated!the!financial!support!however!the!allowances!came!in!late,!the!

schools!were!in!poor!conditions,!there!was!shortage!of!teachers!and!professional!support!during!

practicum!lacked!thus!minimal!supervision.!!

The!students!complained!that!it!was!too!much!work!combining!field!study!and!practice.!The!

materials!were!limited,!and!when!they!came!they!were!late.!There!were!no!charts!and!the!

libraries!didn't!have!books.!There!was!also!a!shortage!of!teachers!and!the!few!teachers!were!

teaching!very!large!classes.!!

In!conclusion,!students!are!willing!and!are!ready!to!adopt!ODEL.!!

!

!

!


6.2. Preparedness*for*digital*learning*of*ODL*students*in*Africa:*Case*of*the*Open*University*of*Tanzania*

Presenter(s):%E.T.%Bisanda,%The%Open%University%of%Tanzania,%Dar%es%Salaam,%Tanzania%!

!

Open!University!of!Tanzania!(OUT)!was!established!in!1992!as!a!public!ODeL!tertiary!institution!

in!the!East.!Some!of!the!challenges!of!the!print!media!which!have!since!been!solved!by!the!

adoption!of!ODeL!has!increased!cost!of!production,!distribution!and!storage.!OUT!sought!to!find!

out!how!prepared!learners!are!and!their!general!perception!of!digital!delivered!technology.!

Questionnaires!were!distributed!randomly!and!some!of!the!information!solicited!included!

gender,!use!of!official!mail,!computer!literacy!and!ownership!of!ICT!equipment.!!

More!males!participated!in!the!research.!Over!52.6%!used!emails,!and!only!9.3%!didn't!have!

access!to!anything.!The!general!perception!of!ODeL:!79%!mentioned!that!the!idea/measure!to!

go!digital!is!timely!whereas!19%!felt!indifferent.!!

However!ICT!has!its!challenges!too,!because!of!the!illiteracy!levels!among!the!adult!students,!

lack!of!content,!poor!network!coverage,!unreliable!or!nonHavailable!power,!and!cost!of!

hardware,!inadequate!local!content!and!unpreparedness!for!the!shift!to!digital.!!

Achievements**

• OUT!has!a!website,!a!mail!server,!WiHFi!services!and!student!records!management!

system!(SARIS)!!

• Registration!of!exams!is!also!automated!and!they!have!digitized!all!its!learning!materials!!

• Generally!the!move!to!go!digital!is!well!appreciated!and!the!students!are!ready.!The!

university!should!explore!cheaper!ways!of!accessing!digital!content.!

!

6.3. The*potential*of*VLE*in*providing*access*to*quality*education*in*rural*community*schools*–*

myth*or*reality*

Presenter(s):%Najim%Ussiph,%PhD%Kwame%Nkrumah%University%of%Science%&%Technology,%%%%%%%%Kumasi,%Ghana.%!

There!is!need!to!take!up!ODEL!as!the!way!of!the!future.!The!VLE!system!allows!for!flexible!

learning.!With!ODEL!various!competences!are!considered.!However!there!is!need!for!tools!to!

support!eHlearning!and!distance!learning.!!

!

6.4. Discussion*

!

!


*

Student*perception*of*open*and*distance*learning*mode*for*initial*primary*teacher*training*in*Malawi:*A*

case*of*Lilongwe*Teachers*College*B*Grace.!M.!K.!Banda!PhD,!Lilongwe!Teachers!College,!Malawi!&!Elias!Kaphesi!PhD,!University!of!Malawi,!Malawi*

i. What*is*the*difference*between*this*research*and*the*previous*research*done?*

! It’s!positive!that!similar!research!is!being!done.!As!we!all!know!these!studies!are!

donor!funded!and!we!are!all!in!the!same!level.!i.e.!developing!countries,!the!

research!is!bound!to!be!similar.!Demand!for!ODeL!programs!are!increasing,!thus!the!

need!to!continue!with!research!and!find!areas!of!improvement!in!the!delivery!of!

ODEL.!

!

ii. How*do*you*address*quality*of*teacher*education*in*your*model?*

! In!some!cases!trainees!were!sent!to!their!home!areas!as!volunteers.!They!were!

therefore!not!taken!very!seriously!as!other!teachers!were.!Some!teachers!were!even!

teased.!When!lecturers!go!out!in!the!field!they!try!and!address!some!of!the!

problems!identified.!

!

iii. We*are*interested*in*the*student*perception*and*we*expected*to*see*differences*

between*the*traditional*method*of*teaching*and*use*of*ODEL.*

! The!study!was!to!only!find!out!the!perception!on!the!ODeL!and!not!compare!with!

the!traditional!method!of!teaching;!however!comparing!can!be!done!next!time!

because!they!are!all!running!concurrently.!

!

iv. Among*the*problems*highlighted*which*ones*were*you*able*to*solve?*

! There!is!need!to!put!up!the!right!infrastructure!to!solve!some!of!these!problems,!like!

poor!school!conditions,!it!will!take!time!to!address.!

!

v. How*long*did*it*take*to*complete*the*study?*

! The!study!started!early!last!year!2012!and!was!completed!recently.!

!

vi. Are*the*results*of*the*study*available*in*the*internet*so*that*we*can*interrogate*the*research?*

! The!research!findings!can!be!availed!to!the!interested!parties!for!purposes!of!

learning.!

!

Preparedness!for!digital!learning!of!ODL!students!in!Africa:!Case!of!the!Open!University!of!

Tanzania!H!E.T.%Bisanda,%The%Open%University%of%Tanzania,%Dar%es%Salaam,%Tanzania!

i. The*question*was*about*preparedness.*Why*didn’t*you*start*by*defining*

preparedness?*

! There%were%no%theoretical%frameworks%used%to%define%preparedness.%

!

!


%ii. In*your*presentation*you*mentioned*there*are*4.6%*who*are*illiterate.*When*you*talk*

of*digitization,*is*it*all*books*in*the*library?*

! All%books%need%to%be%digitized%because%one%can%also%access%the%same%file%concurrently,%this%will%reduce%operational%cost%of%operations.%

%iii. Is*there*a*discrepancy*in*your*research*because*45%*have*laptops*whereas*there*is*

only*42*%*access?*

! Access%means%many%things%and%is%not%limited%to%laptops.%There%are%smart%phones%and%iPads%7.7%%didn't%have%equipment%but%they%can%access%the%internet.%

! The%design%of%the%website%can%hinder%access%and%not%necessarily%the%lack%of%a%tool.%If%the%website%is%not%interactive%it%will%hinder%access.%

%iv. What*is*the*affiliation*of*students*in*the*study?*How*many*students*are*in*the*class.?*

! There%are%5%faculties%in%the%OUT%%

v. !What*efforts*are*being*put*in*the*university*to*address*the*computer*illiteracy*levels?*

! There%is%a%compulsory%course%in%ICT%for%all%students%%

vi. *Are*the*teachers*prepared*to*deliver*the*program*to*the*students?*

! The!teachers!are!well!trained,!some!of!which!are!sent!outside!the!country!to!be!

trained!in!ICT.!

%The!potential!of!VLE!in!providing!access!to!quality!education!in!rural!community!schools!–!myth!

or!reality!H!Najim%Ussiph,%PhD%Kwame%Nkrumah%University%of%Science%&%Technology,%Kumasi,%Ghana.!

i. There*was*no*superiority*in*the*theory*of*your*research.*What*are*the*major*

differences*between*this*research*and*the*others*done*previously?*

! The!study!was!derived!from!the!previous!one!and!therefore!there!were!no!major!

differences.!

!

ii. Why*don't*you*use*Video*conferencing*as*one*of*the*tools?*

! With!the!open!distance!learning!it’s!possible!for!the!students!to!access!the!

information!at!any!time!unlike!video!conferencing!where!the!students!have!to!be!at!

a!fixed!location.!For!video!conferencing!you!have!to!be!there!but!for!eHlearning,!one!

can!access!the!materials!at!their!convenient!time.!

! !

!

!


!

7. Session%4:%Science%Education%&%ICTs%!

Chair:*Maxime%DACRUZ,!DVC!Academic,!Université!d'Abomey!Calavi,!Benin!

!

*

7.1. Intégration*des*TIC***dans*l’enseignement*des*sciences*physiques*du*secondaire*:*

Formations*en*présentiel*et*en*ligne*dans*quatreBvingt*lycées*de*Madagascar,*des*

Comores,**du*Sénégalet*de*l’Ile*Maurice*[Integrating!ICTs!in!Physics!Teaching!:!OnKSite!and!Distance!Training!in!Forty!HighKSchools!of!Madagascar,!the!Comoros,!Senegal!and!Mauritius].*

Presenter(s):%Jean%Claude%Omer%Andrianarimanana,%Ecole%Normale%Supérieure%d’Antananarivo,%Madagascar%!

Introduction*

This!research!was!undertaken!in!Madagascar!in!collaboration!with!AVU.!It!was!funded!by!

Francophone!International!Organization!to!sensitize!teachers!in!training!on!the!platform!

particularly!in!physics!and!science.!It!was!aimed!at!introducing!students!to!a!new!breed!of!

teaching.!The!four!countries!involved!in!the!study!were!Madagascar,!Mauritius,!Comoros!and!

Senegal.!The!goal!was!improving!teaching!through!ICT!and!developing!ICT!in!the!pedagogical!

system.!

The!three!main!objectives!of!the!study!was!to!put!in!place!training!courses!using!ICT;!to!

contribute!to!the!development!of!secondary!school!teaching;!and!to!improve!access!in!

education!for!students!at!different!levels!of!education.!

It!was!aimed!at!mainstreaming!ICT!and!sensitize!teachers!from!partner!countries!in!the!use!of!

ICT.!Physics!and!chemistry!were!selected!for!the!study.!Teachers!were!trained!in!mastery!of!

communication!tools!for!teaching.!Validation!was!sought!from!external!experts.!

270!teachers!from!80!schools!and!4!countries!were!sensitized!on!benefits!of!mainstreaming!ICT!

as!a!new!approach!that!offers!quality!teaching!with!better!success!rates.!

It!involved!lessons!simulated!by!animation!and!lab!experiments!in!multiHmedia.!Teachers!were!

trained!on!use!of!project!tools!and!online!collaboration.!

It!was!expected!that!there!would!be!improvement!in!science!content!and!curriculum!through!

the!projects!as!well!as!an!increase!in!number!of!students!advancing!to!university.!

The!main!activities!included!sensitization!on!ICT!benefits,!definition!of!content!and!tools!to!be!

developed,!preparation!of!platform!to!be!used,!testing!of!tools,!sharing!of!tools!in!different!

schools,!training!of!students!and!teachers!in!use!of!tools,!identification!of!support!strategies,!

analysis!of!content!quarterly!in!physics!and!chemistry!and!analysis!of!data.!

!

!


Online!training!was!introduced!in!the!last!2!quarters!of!the!same!year!and!then!there!was!a!

comparison!in!8!schools!in!all!3!quarters.!

Analysis*

The!main!questions!asked!were:!

• How!can!ICTs!in!schools!be!used!socially?!

• Are!teachers!available!and!ready!to!strengthen!existing!collaboration!between!schools!

in!the!platform?!

• How!can!the!teachers!exploit!ICT!tools?!

Conclusion*

These!approaches!enable!students!to!easily!assimilate!process!and!evaluate!the!lessons.!But!did!

the!students!benefit?!ICT!was!integrated!in!last!2!quarters!and!the!use!of!these!tools!has!

improved!learning!content!in!physics!and!they!obtained!results.!The!implementation!of!the!

project!had!an!impact!in!the!improvement!in!results!in!the!4!countries.!

Low!performing!students!have!improved!their!score!in!physics!and!the!tools!helped!students!to!

master!basic!knowledge,!resolve!more!issues!and!do!more!exercises.!

For!sustainability!a!survey!was!carried!out!with!2!questionnaires!and!they!focused!on!course!

content,!relevance!objective!skills,!teachings!approach!and!improvement.!They!were!developed!

both!for!the!teachers!and!the!students.!The!conclusion!was!that!teachers!required!improvement!

in!course!content!and!lack!of!labs!and!staff!was!solved!by!the!virtualization.!

*

7.2. Enhancing*access*to*open*science*education*by*integrating*ICTBvirtual*labs*and*microB

science*kits*in*Kenya*

Presenter(s):%Ronald%M.%Michieka,%Masinde%Muliro%University%of%Science%&%Technology,%Kenya%!

!

Introduction*

Science!education!programs!have!two!goals:!

• Appreciation!of!knowledge!

• Development!of!skills!H!which!requires!resources.!

Africa!is!trailing!behind!in!STEM!education!and!open!science!has!the!potential!to!remove!

barriers,!improve!poor!performance!in!education!and!low!motivation!to!pursue!science!related!

careers.!There's!need!for!science!and!technology!for!innovation!and!development.!

!

!


The!Kenya!government!introduced!free!education!and!this!has!led!to!high!enrollment!with!the!

student!teacher!ratio!at!45:1!in!primary!schools!and!28:1!in!secondary!education.!Lack!of!

resources!has!led!to!diminishing!interest!in!science!lessons.!

The!study!objective!was!to!establish!the!effect!of!integrating!ICT!virtual!labs!and!micro!science!

kits!in!learning!and!motivation!of!students.!!

Trends!in!science!education!are!moving!from!traditional!macro!equipment!in!laboratories!to!

micro!equipment!with!use!of!smaller!apparatus.!The!next!step!is!virtual!labs!with!use!of!

technology!for!virtual!experiments.!

Components!of!micro!science!kits!were!developed!in!South!Africa!and!students!do!not!require!

laboratories!to!perform!experiments,!instead!experiments!will!move!to!classrooms!for!

convenience!of!students!with!virtual!experiments!being!conducted!on!computers.!

Four!sample!schools!were!selected!the!first!school!was!provided!the!micro!science!kits,!the!

second!school!was!engaged!in!virtual!experiments!and!the!third!school!integrated!both!methods!

while!the!control!sample!had!no!micro!kits!or!virtual!labs.!

Results*and*Impact*

• Active!learning!among!students!H!students!were!involved!

• Enriched!science!learning!environment!

• Improved!performance!in!skills!development!

• All!schools!had!comparable!results!and!there!was!improvement!in!overall!performance!

Advantages*

• Low!initial!and!running!cost!since!cost!of!material!and!chemicals!reduced!significantly!

• High!safety!since!materials!small!hence!risk!of!contamination!reduced!

• Low!environmental!impact!because!there!is!reduced!use!of!chemicals!

• Easy!and!quick!to!set!up!as!there!is!no!need!for!labs!

Implications*

• These!tools!are!sustainable!and!applicable!

• Science!education!achievable!by!all!

• Increased!scientific!literacy!in!education!

• Improved!public!image!of!science!

• Virtual!experiments!are!software!based!and!complete!virtual!experiments!can!be!done.!

!

!

7.3. Conception*et*suiviBévaluation*de*cours*de*formation*à*distance*en*biologie*et*éducation*

environnementale:*Vers*un*modèle*harmonisé**

!

!


(Design,*monitoring*and*evaluation*of*distance*learning*in*biology*and*environmental*

education:*toward*a*harmonized*model)*

Presenter(s):%Mamadou%Sarr,%Universite%Cheikh%Anta%Diop,%FASTEF,%Senegal%!

Introduction*

The!Ministry!of!Education!in!Senegal!was!forced!to!do!away!with!untrained!teachers!hence!the!

training!project!was!developed!for!13!000!teachers!in!ODeL!learning.!

There!was!need!for!content!development!but!university!lecturers!who!are!untrained!in!

eLearning!wanted!written!material!as!they!are!not!knowledgeable!in!developing!online!content.!

They!demanded!written!lessons.!

The!course!content!needed!to!conform!to!international!standards!in!line!with!reforms!at!the!

university!and!the!methods!of!design!and!evaluation!needed!to!be!harmonized.!

The!objective!of!the!program!was!the!development!of!a!harmonized!model!for!evaluation!and!

tools!to!transform!classroom!lessons!to!online!lessons.!The!requirement!was!that!objectives!

must!be!well!defined!by!the!department!involved!in!the!project.!It!was!important!to!put!in!place!

a!facility!to!undertake!this!within!the!university.!There!are!23!concepts!that!were!identified!in!a!

process!referred!to!as!'scenerisation'!and!AVU!assisted!in!the!process.!

Information!from!different!institutions!was!analyzed!and!11!aspects!were!derived!from!the!

analysis.!A!conceptual!framework!was!developed!and!all!11!concepts!that!have!been!retained.!A!

summarized!model!is!currently!available.!Evaluation!forms!from!partners!were!integrated!as!a!

common!form.!AVU!has!27!partner!universities!who!need!to!look!at!them!and!analyze!and!

compare!with!these!institutions.!The!tool!can!be!uploaded!online!and!is!in!line!with!

international!standards.!

Recommendations*

• There!is!need!for!harmonization!of!monitoring!and!evaluation!

• There!is!need!to!meet!the!demand!for!eLearning!and!the!tool!can!be!beneficial!to!all!27!

partners!of!AVU!

• Many!teachers!are!not!trained!in!eLearning!and!have!to!be!persuaded!on!the!

importance!of!eLearning!and!appropriate!measures!are!needed!at!all!stages!of!

development.!

Summary*

• There!is!resistance!of!certain!teachers!who!prefer!written!material!to!online!learning!

• There!is!need!to!develop!harmonized!material!for!eLearning!

• 50!lessons!have!been!developed!

• A!conceptual!framework!has!been!defined!in!a!summarized!format!

!

!


• Online!classes!have!been!uploaded!

!

7.4. Discussion*

Intégration!des!TIC!!!dans!l’enseignement!des!sciences!physiques!du!secondaire!:!Formations!en!présentiel!

et!en!ligne!dans!quatreHvingt!lycées!de!Madagascar,!des!Comores,!!du!Sénégalet!de!l’Ile!Maurice!H!Jean%Claude%Omer%Andrianarimanana,%Ecole%Normale%Supérieure%d’Antananarivo,%Madagascar!!

!

i. Are*the*high*schools*in*the*study*located*in*capital*city*or*in*the*rural*areas?*

! All%schools%are%represented,%both%rural%and%urban.%Only%students%who%were%enrolled%within%the%school%were%targeted.%%

ii. You*indicated*that*a*questionnaire*was*developed*for*the*research*and*it*seems*to*

have*too*many*questions.*Could*it*be*reviewed?*

! The%questionnaire%was%developed%for%teachers%and%students%to%be%sustainable%and%for%others%to%take%advantage%of%results%to%be%re9used.%Students%in%both%classroom%and%platform%situation%were%involved.%CDs%were%used%and%usable%in%TV%for%audiences%who%do%not%have%computers.%

! Harmonization%of%platform%and%classroom%teaching%is%still%sensitive.%Only%those%who%can%have%connectivity%can%access%internet%information.%There%is%need%for%finding%a%solution%for%lack%of%bibliographical%references.%Those%without%access%to%platform%had%CD%and%DVD%format%and%maximum%information%provided%for%evaluation,%online%software%was%not%used.%%

iii. Why*was*the*implementation*of*the*project*done*in*the*last*two*quarters*of*the*year?*

! The%sponsors%said%it%has%to%be%done%within%the%year.%First%term%for%traditional%method%and%second%term%used%to%evaluate%the%platform%use.%

!

Enhancing!access!to!open!science!education!by!integrating!ICTHvirtual!labs!and!microHscience!

kits!in!Kenya!H!Ronald%M.%Michieka,%Masinde%Muliro%University%of%Science%&%Technology,%Kenya!!

i. What*were*the*constraints*and*problems*of*implementation*since*the*study*seems*to*

be*all*positive?*

! Basically%some%teachers%were%resistant%to%change%but%the%pupils%were%enthusiastic%and%had%a%chance%to%do%practical%experiments.%

*

ii. Are*the*micro*science*kits*reBusable*or*disposable?*

! The%apparatus%are%re9usable%and%they%are%very%small.%One%small%container%has%several%equipment%equivalent%to%the%laboratory%these%are%affordable%and%are%less%than%10%dollars.%

!

!


!

Conception!et!suiviHévaluation!de!cours!de!formation!à!distance!en!biologie!et!éducation!

environnementale:!Vers!un!modèle!harmonisé!(Design,!monitoring!and!evaluation!of!distance!learning!in!

biology!and!environmental!education:!toward!a!harmonized!model)!

Presenter(s):%Mamadou%Sarr,%Universite%Cheikh%Anta%Diop,%FASTEF,%Senegal%!

i. How*were*you*able*to*convince*teachers*to*put*their*lessons*online*because*usually,*

most*teachers*are*unwilling*to*upload*their*content*online?*

! Teachers%are%still%not%computer%literate%and%when%asked%to%provide%eLearning%they%do%not%want%to%involve%themselves.%Some%are%about%to%retire%and%see%no%need%to%learn%ICT%and%eLearning.%

! With%AVU%program%focusing%on%STEM,%teachers%are%enabled%to%put%content.%As%a%means%to%motivate%teachers,%500%franc%is%paid%for%each%lesson%uploaded.%At%the%moment%this%is%not%to%try%to%bribe%teachers%but%encouraging%them%to%put%their%content%online.%Different%methods%exist%for%motivation.%!

ii. *Why*did*the*project*decide*on*50*lessons?*

! The%university%had%a%performance%contract%with%the%University%of%Senegal%and%World%Bank%was%involved.%The%University%of%Dakar%was%to%start%with%50%lessons%to%promote%integration%of%ICT%and%there%was%need%to%test%50%classes.%

%iii. How*did*you*manage*the*difference*in*competence*among*the*learners?*Some*

learners*are*unable*to*download*and*access*lessons.*

! Inspiration%was%drawn%from%AVU%for%testing%of%content%and%teachers%have%tutors%near%them.%Learning%inspectors%can%be%educational%advisors%and%have%responsibilities%of%supporting%teachers%in%the%platform%and%in%the%field.%

! This%program%is%extended%to%4%regions%with%200%tutors%supporting%teachers%both%in%the%platform%and%teaching%activities.%Through%discussions%and%face%to%face%interactions,%teachers%are%given%guidelines%and%sent%to%the%field%and%recalled%for%classroom%teaching%to%be%prepared%for%exams.%

! !

!

!


%

8. Session%5:%eLearning%&%Instructional%Design%!Chair:*Dr.%Taye%Tolemariam%Ejeta,!VP!Academics,!Research!&!Student!Affairs,!Jimma!University,!

Ethiopia!

%!

8.1. Learner*support*in*eLearning:*Featuring*the*devil*in*the*detail*Presenter(s):%Bona%I.%Maandera,%The%Virtual%University%of%Uganda%!

This!paper!focused!on!problems!the!learner!support!faces!as!implemented!in!Uganda.!eLearning!

is!considered!as!a!wonderful!idea,!but!when!it!comes!to!supporting!the!learning,!there!is!little!

support!given!to!students!or!users.!Uganda!targeted!working!professionals!at!postgraduate!

levels!and!it!is!expected!familiarity!with!the!use!of!the!computer!and!internet!use!was!high.!It!

was!established!that!learners!required!different!types!of!support!while!using!eLearning.!This!

could!either!be!ICT!literary!support,!technology!or!system.!The!paper!recommended!timeliness!

of!support!and!efficacy!of!access!as!means!that!will!provide!the!much!need!support!in!the!use!of!

eLearning.!

!

%%8.2. Exploring*modes*of*education*delivery*in*the*digital*age*

Presenter(s):%Brenda%Mallinson,%South%African%Institute%for%Distance%Education%(Saide)%South%Africa%!

This!paper!highlighted!the!shift!of!the!mode!of!delivery!from!campus!based!to!fully!online!or!

fully!offline.!It!laid!emphasis!on!the!need!for!educational!technology!staff!to!explore!the!modes!

that!are!currently!in!use!if!they!are!responding!to!the!trends!in!the!market.!A!wide!variety!of!

modes!such!as!web!supported,!web!dependent,!fully!online,!internet!dependent,!internet!

supported,!digital!supported,!fully!offline,!campus!based!hybrid!or!blended!and!remote!would!

redefine!the!eLearning!experience.!As!a!choice!is!made,!the!core!value!to!the!material!to!be!

delivered!should!define!the!means.!

!

!

8.3. 7BConception:*conception*pour*divers*scénarios*d'enseignement*et*d'apprentissage*:*

l'autoBapprentissage,*l'apprentissage*centré*sur*l'apprenant,*l'apprentissage*basé*sur*

la*collaboration*

Presenter(s):%Laurence%Rabotovao,%Ecole%Normale%Supérieure%d’Antananarivo,%Madagascar%*

The!main!objective!of!this!study!was!to!promote!environmental!study!through!the!use!of!ICT.!

The!use!of!social!media!among!the!youth!and!children!involved!in!the!study!created!networks!

!

!


that!eventually!resulted!in!increased!literacy!among!the!study!groups.!The!study!was!faced!with!

constraints!some!of!which!are!budgetary!allocation,!material!for!use,!language!barrier!and!the!

distances!between!centers.!The!presenter!concluded!by!recommending!the!creation!of!similar!

models!that!support!learning!through!the!environment.!

!

8.4. Students'*perceived*challenges*in*an*online*collaborative*learning*environment:**A*case*of*

higher*learning*institutions*in*Nairobi,*Kenya*

Presenter(s):%Maina%Muuro,%Kenyatta%University,%Kenya%%This!paper!shed!light!on!the!obstacles!in!a!learning!environment!to!be!mainly!technological!

support,!infrastructure!and!the!type!of!support!that!may!be!required!by!a!student.!The!

frequently!used!tools!to!communicate!were!emails,!mobile!phone,!social!media!and!chats.!There!

were!problems!that!slowed!down!their!activities!including!slow!internet!connectivity.!Students!

who!used!social!media!were!found!to!have!higher!computer!skills.!The!presenter!recommended!

future!research!to!focus!on!developing!a!Moodle!that!could!respond!to!the!students’!queries.!!

!

8.5. Discussion*%Learner!support!in!eLearning:!Featuring!the!devil!in!the!detail!H!Bona%I.%Maandera,%The%Virtual%University%of%Uganda!%

i. What*is*the*institutional*capacity*of*technical*staff*at*the*virtual*university*of*Uganda*

to*effectively*provide*quality*support?*

! The%Virtual%University%of%Uganda%operates%fully%online,%Moodle%is%used%and%it%is%hosted%in%The%Netherlands.%Content%is%developed%by%lecturers%who%then%submit%it%to%be%uploaded.%

%Students'!perceived!challenges!in!an!online!collaborative!learning!environment:!!A!case!of!higher!

learning!institutions!in!Nairobi,!Kenya!H!Presenter(s):!Maina%Muuro,%Kenyatta!University,!Kenya!

!

!

i. The*study*reflected*the*use*of*mobile*communication.*How*does*this*work?*

! Mobile%communication%is%done%through%short%message%service%(SMS)%or%calling%since%most%students%have%mobile%phones.%The%study%envisages%a%situation%where%a%feedback%received%would%be%used%to%create%immediate%feedback%using%SMS.%The%students%also%provide%their%own%mobile%phones.%%

ii. Are*there*any*guiding*principles*in*the*use*of*this*kind*of*tools*in*open*and*distance*

learning?*

! There!is!no!definite!set!of!guidelines.!

!

!


! %

!

!


%

9. Session%6:%Instructional%Technology/Information%Systems%*

Chair:*Prof.%Emanuel%Nikolas%Abakah,!DVC!Academic,!University!of!Education!Winneba,!Ghana!

!

9.1. Optimization*of*learning*management*systems*through*systems*integration:*The*case*of*

moodle*and*zalongwa*software*

Presenter(s):%Dr.%Juma%Hemed%Lungo,%University%of%Dar9es9Salaam%!

Web!based!applications!addresses!hardware!and!software!homogeneity.!The!university!has!

been!using!SARIS!which!solves!3!main!problems;!

• Nominal!roll!manipulation!

• Arithmetic!and!grading!error!

• Transcribing!errors!are!solved!by!SARIS!

Over!78!%!of!universities!are!using!Moodle.!LMS!are!faced!with!a!lot!of!data!and!the!major!

challenges!are!creating!credentials!for!students!and!instructors,!registering!courses!and!

disposing!unnecessary!emails.!By!integrating!SARIS!and!MOODLE,!students!and!instructors!can!

use!same!credentials!and!can!handle!information!for!very!many!students.!Course!confirmation!

in!SARIS!should!be!reflected!in!Moodle!automatically.!SARIS!and!Moodle!are!both!web!based!

applications!

When!students!forget!their!credentials!like!password,!it’s!verified!in!the!SARIS!which!can!also!be!

integrated!with!Google.!It!also!helps!to!eliminates!the"just!for!my!students"!phobia!for!

instructors.!Other!students!can!access!these!learning!materials.!By!making!use!of!Google!apps,!

it’s!possible!to!register!all!students!and!assign!respective!courses!to!all!students.!

!

9.2. Mobile*computerBsupported*collaborative*learning*using*google*apps*for*education*within*

a*mLearning*strategy*

Presenter(s):%Alex%Rayón,%University%of%Deusto,%Spain%(Presented%by%Mariluz%Guenaga,%University%of%Deusto)%!

This!is!the!new!paradigm!and!lecturers!should!adopt!this!new!learning!technology!that!is!

different!and!effective.!The!learning!system!are!evolving,!competence!based,!knowledge!based,!

and!foster!entrepreneurship!and!innovation.!The!software's!developed!are!friendly!and!students!

are!engaged!in!collaborative!learning.!In!Deusto!he!mentioned!there!are!over!9000!students!and!

only!600!staff.!

!

!


Students!are!helped!to!develop!the!content!and!all!European!universities!have!the!same!mode!

of!education!thus!making!it!easier!to!transfer!students!and!their!credit.!Knowledge!and!learning!

technologies!(KLT)!are!stressed!in!knowledge!based!learning.!He!noted!that!57%!in!EU!use!smart!

phones.!MHlearning!was!defined!as!a!learning!activity!that!takes!place!without!a!fixed!location.!

eHCampus!strategic!projects!make!use!of!computers,!smart!phones!and!iPads.!The!campus!uses!

Google!applications.!When!people!cooperate!in!a!given!environment,!it!stimulates!learning!and!

development.!It!is!eleven!years!ago!they!introduced!CSCL!and!the!university!has!since!found!the!

need!for!more!technologies!and!moodle!is!not!enough.!When!it!comes!to!competency!based!

learning,!there!are!competencies!needed!such!as!entrepreneurship!and!innovation.!

There!is!also!the!need!to!have!personal!gadgets.!This!will!also!encourage!social!learning!which!is!

needed!for!collaborative!learning!and!mobile!learning.!Everyone!should!adopt!some!content!to!

mobile!devices.!Mobile!computer!support!collaborative!learning!(MSCL)!integrates!google!apps!

with!mobile!devices.!Google!app!develops!all!products!and!can!be!found!in!Moodle,!these!

include:!

• Collaborative!services!

• Location!services!

• Notification!services!

These!Google!apps!are!free!for!all!education/learning!institutions!and!if!well!utilized!they!can!

make!learning!very!easy!because!everything!is!automatically!linked!to!Moodle.!He!noted!that!

the!use!of!Google!apps!is!higher!in!employees!than!students.!

In!conclusion,!sharing!documents!is!easier,!students!can!be!asked!and!ask!questions,!the!

applications!are!free!and!very!easy!to!use.!

!

!

9.3. TALKY.*A*serious*game*to*develop*and*assess*oral*and*interpersonal*communication*

competences+*

Presenter(s):%%Mariluz%Guenaga,%University%of%Deusto,%Spain%%This!is!a!competency!learning!technology!that!uses!computer!games.!The!games!are!very!

complex,!digital!and!are!used!for!learning.!The!games!are!oriented!to!ability!learning,!stimulate!

real!life!situations!and!the!content!pursues!specific!interests.!

There!are!three!levels!of!mastery!in!each!competence.!Each!game!has!activities!which!may!

include!virtual!meeting!and!a!riddle.!There!are!many!other!competences!oriented!to!develop!

and!evaluate!competences!for!professional!development.!

Findings!show!that!in!Deusto!business!school!the!students!are!lacking!in!creativity!and!

entrepreneurship.!The!Talky!games!can!help!develop!these!skills!because!they!are!real!situation!

games;!people!could!meet!online.!

!

!


%!

9.4. Structuration*et*management*du*eBlearning*pour*mieux*gérer*les*sureffectifs*d’étudiants*à*

l’UCAD*(Structuring*and*Management*of*eBlearning*for*a*better*management*of*

student*overcrowding**at*Cheikh*Anta*Diop*University*(UCAD)*

Presenter(s):%Dr.%Ndiougou%Ndiaye,%%Université%Cheick%Anta%Diop,%Dakar,%Sénégal*!

He!noted!in!his!study!that!there!were!large!number!of!students,!no!premises!and!the!teachers!

were!not!enough.!By!making!use!of!ICT!they!were!able!to!teach!and!train!students.!Some!

centers!were!not!working!together!and!they!wanted!to!conduct!learning.!The!issue!of!donors!

having!a!different!objective!also!arose.!

The!donors!had!their!own!objectives,!making!it!very!unclear!on!the!direction!they!should!take.!

They!lacked!their!own!premises!yet!there!were!many!students.!This!forced!them!to!do!their!

training!in!the!primary!schools.!Lack!of!teachers!was!also!a!challenge.!

!

They!wanted!to!know!if!with!eHlearning!they!are!targeting!the!new!students!or!the!old!students.!

In!order!to!have!a!policy!on!eHlearning,!all!must!be!involved.!There!was!need!to!acquire!relevant!

skills!they!needed!to!learn!ICT.!If!classes!are!online!who!does!the!intellectual!property!rights!

belong!to?!As!we!share!resources!one!should!have!a!center!for!all!educational!materials.!With!

the!support!of!Ministry!of!Education,!there!is!need!for!tutorials!and!training!of!the!teachers.!

Which!tools!should!be!in!place!to!ensure!follow!up!of!students?!

They!wanted!to!know!if!by!introducing!eHlearning!they!were!taking!care!of!large!numbers!of!

students!in!the!universities!or!for!development!of!more!faculties.!He!noted!instead!it!was!for!a!

whole!new!group!of!students.!

!

%9.5. Discussion*!

Optimization!of!learning!management!systems!through!systems!integration:!The!case!of!moodle!

and!zalongwa!software!H!Dr.%Juma%Hemed%Lungo,!University!of!DarHesHSalaam!

i. What*is*the*name*of*the*software*used*to*collaborate*with*Moodle*in*Open*University*

of*Tanzania?*

! The%software%used%can%be%found%in%www.Zalongwa.com.%He%noted%that%21%universities%are%using%the%software%to%make%student%database.%

%TALKY.!A!serious!game!to!develop!and!assess!oral!and!interpersonal!communication!

competences+!H!Mariluz%Guenaga,!University!of!Deusto,!Spain!

ii. You*use*a*lot*of*Google*applications,*what*is*the*advantage*of*using*Google*applications?*

!

!


! Their%apps%are%more%interactive%and%have%a%powerful%mail%management%systems;%Gmail.%%

iii. Is*Talky*available*for*nonBSpanish*speakers?*

! Talky%is%available%both%in%English%and%French%%

iv. Did*you*look*at*how*Talky*interferes*with*the*integrity*and*ensure*no*cheating*especially*in*

exams*and*assignments?*

! There%is%a%software%used%to%look%into%the%issues%of%plagiarism%but%when%it%comes%to%cheating,%we%are%yet%to%be!address%it.%It%is%not%possible%to%tell%if%the%exam%was%undertaken%by%the%student%or%another%person.%%

v. What*competency*do*serious*games*develop?*

! All%competences%have%activities%and%these%activities%can%be%designed%to%assist%in%developing%a%certain%competency.!

% %

!

!


!

10. Day%1:%Summaries%from%the%Chairs%!

Session+1:++Infrastructure+&+Capacity+

Chair:*Prof.%Makenya%Maboko,!Deputy!Vice!Chancellor!Academic,!University!of!Dar!es!Salaam!

+10.1. The*role*of*photovoltaic*powered*ICT*centres*on*ODL*programmes*in*rural*areas*in*

Tanzania**

*

This!paper!argued!for!the!establishment!of!photovoltaic!(solar)!powered!ICT!centers!in!rural!

Tanzania!to!increase!access!to!higher!education.!The!main!thrust!of!the!paper!was!that!a!

majority!of!Tanzanians!as!in!most!African!countries!live!in!rural!areas.!Most!higher!education!

institutions!however,!are!concentrated!in!urban!areas,!and!this!is!one!reason!for!the!low!

participation!rates!in!higher!education!in!Tanzania.!The!authors!proposed!that!ODeL!is!one!

solution!to!this!imbalance!between!where!the!population!resides!and!where!the!higher!

education!institutions!are!located.!However,!they!also!noted!that!the!rural!areas!which!actually!

need!ODeL!are!mostly!not!connected!to!the!national!electricity!grid!and!this!makes!difficult!the!

use!of!ICT!in!ODeL.!They!argued!that!there!are!several!possible!power!sources,!for!example!you!

could!use!petrol!or!diesel!generators!to!power!your!ICT!facilities,!but!they!say!these!need!

regular!maintenance!and!are!expensive!to!run.!Alternatively,!and!which!was!their!preferred!

solution,!was!to!use!a!photovoltaic!or!solar!energy,!whereby!they!proposed!to!establish!

photovoltaic!powered!ICT!centres!at!each!ward,!which!is!a!collection!of!villages,!where!there!is!

established!need!for!ODeL!services.!The!solution!they!proposed!is!constructing!buildings!which!

are!roofed!with!solar!panels!which!are!capable!of!powering!up!to!40!laptops!into!which!

eLearning!material!will!be!loaded.!!

!

They!argued!that!the!impact!of!solar!powered!ICT!centers!will!include:!access!to!university!

website!(announcements,!updates,!exams!timetable,!emails,!etc),!information!reducing!the!

need!to!travel!to!the!center;!access!to!admission!information!and!procedures;!access!to!online!

course!registration!and!examination!registration;!access!to!Higher!Education!Loan!Board!

Information!(and!application);!access!to!electronics!study!materials,!ebooks,!online!forums!and!

interact!with!tutors;!access!to!examination!results!

*

The!idea!of!how!to!finance!this!was!that!government!should!contribute,!there!should!also!be!

joint!projects!between!the!villages!or!the!wards!and!donor!companies,!but!they!could!also!take!

loans!from!local!savings!and!credit!organizations.!!*

!

!

!


The!paper!really!was!at!the!concept!level!and!they!argued!that!they!have!not!piloted!it.!What!

they!are!going!to!do!next!is!seek!funds!to!pilot!such!an!ICT!centre!and!from!that!those!questions!

like!viability,!the!type!of!human!resource!required!and!so!forth!will!be!established.!!

*

Takeaways*

• Lack!of!electricity!in!rural!areas!is!a!major!challenge!to!the!use!of!ICT!in!attempting!to!

overcome!old!modes!of!ODeL!delivery.!

• ICT!Photovoltaic!powered!centres!can!bridge!the!digital!gap!between!rural!and!urban!

areas!in!provision!of!ODeL.!!!!!!!!!

!

!

10.2. Strengthening*institutional*capacity*for*effective*eBlearning*through*partnership:*An*illustration*from*public*sector*management*training**

%This!paper!presented!a!partnership!strategy!to!leverage!eHlearning!and!help!strengthen!

institutional!capacity!to!deliver!education!and!training!programs.!It!argued!that!Africa!has!great!

potential!in!terms!of!abundant!natural!resources,!a!large!and!youthful!population,!and!a!fast!

growing!economy.!The!main!problem!was!how!to!turn!these!apparent!great!potentials!into!

actual!socioHeconomic!development!for!the!people.!The!argument!was!that!the!key!to!doing!

this,!the!magic!bullet!to!this,!is!education.!However,!they!noted!that!in!most!African!countries,!

there!is!serious!underfunding!of!universities!to!the!extent!that!traditional!delivery!modes!in!

universities!cannot!cope!with!the!demand.!Hence!again!like!the!first!presenters,!they!argued!for!

the!need!to!leverage!ICT!to!complement!traditional!delivery!methods.!The!African!Capacity!

Building!Foundation!(ACBF)!comes!in!to!support!institutions,!among!other!things,!to!refurbish!

infrastructure,!including!supporting!the!ICT!environment!which!will!then!allow!ICT!mediated!

teaching!and!learning.!In!particular!the!authors!discussed!the!partnership!between!African!

University!of!Mutaare!and!the!ACBF!in!supporting!the!public!sector!management!training!

program!of!the!university!through!a!provision!of!eLearning!facilities!in!the!form!of!a!model!

learning!management!system,!smart!classrooms,!eResources!and!so!forth.!They!pointed!out!that!

the!ACBF!is!a!very!strong!partner!which!has!given!assistance!to!a!relatively!large!number!of!

universities!in!Africa.*!

*

Takeaways**

• Donor!agencies!and!institutions!of!higher!learning!can!collaborate!to!strengthen!and!

enhance!eHlearning.!

• Partnership!model!is!an!effective!tool!to!expand!and!strengthen!eHlearning!institutions!

of!higher!learning.!

*

*

%

!

!


10.3. Effective*implementation*of*technology*innovations*in*higher*education*institutions:*A*

survey*of*selected*African*universities**

*

The!main!argument!of!this!paper!is!that!although!a!number!of!African!universities!have!

deployed!technology,!particularly!in!teaching!and!learning,!there!is!high!failure!rate!in!

implementing!this!technology.!The!paper!discussed!the!main!issues!responsible!for!this!failure!

and!proposed!means!and!ways!of!trying!to!reduce!the!high!failure!rate.!The!argument!presented!

was!that!the!high!failure!rate!in!most!of!the!technological!innovations!is!due!to!poor!innovation!

framing,!accounting!for!up!to!70%!of!the!failure!rate.!By!poor!innovation!framing!the!authors!

mean!that!the!way!the!programs!were!conceived!and!developed,!the!users!actually!never!

owned!the!projects!and!the!implementers!were!not!involved!in!the!actual!project!formulation!

stage.!There!is!an!existence!of!what!they!refer!to!as!a!“silo!mentality”!whereby!the!ICT!mediated!

programs,!ICT!experts!and!the!subject!experts!tend!not!to!work!as!a!team.!The!main!conclusion!

is!that!there!is!poor!capacity!to!absorb!technology!in!most!African!universities!and!there!is!need!

to!frame!properly!these!innovations.!There!is!need!to!develop!absorptive!capacities!and!engage!

in!technology!transfer.!!

! !

The!chair!noted!that!the!points!raised!were!very!serious,!particularly!in!the!context!of!what!we!

are!trying!to!do!here.!As!AVU!the!main!mission!is!to!popularize!technology,!ICT,!to!help!us!in!the!

delivery!of!education.!Now,!if!70%!of!all!these!initiatives!end!up!failing,!I!think!that!is!a!serious!

situation.!*

!

Takeaways*

• Implementation!of!innovation!technologies!is!significantly!influenced!by!several!factors!

such!as!top!management,!financial!motivation,!organizational!culture,!project!leadership!

and!innovation!efficacy.!!

• Effective!implementation!of!technologies!adopted!in!higher!education!institutions!is!

greatly!constrained!by!innovation!adopting!culture,!ignorance!on!technology!transfer,!

lack!of!proper!framing!of!technology!innovation!and!lack!of!institutional!adoptive!

capacity!to!technology.!

!

!

%Session+2:++Open+Educational+Resources+(OER)+Integration+

Chair:**Prof%Aggrey%Abate,!Vice%Chancellor,%University!of!Juba,*South!Sudan!!

10.4. By*means*of*OER*integration:*An*analysis*of*tutors’*and*learners’*views*of*OER*as*an*ODL*

strategy*for*teaching*and*learning*

Presenter(s):%Ezra%Maritim,%Jacqueline%L.%Bundala,%Winfrida%Malingumu,%Open%University%of%Tanzania%Dar%es%Salaam,%Tanzania%

!

!

!


The!objective!of!the!study!was!to!identify!the!level!of!use!of!OER!by!students!and!lecturers.!

Overall,!the!findings!on!student!sample!show:!awareness!and!usage!of!OER!materials!is!low,!

most!students!(57%)!were!hearing!of!OER!for!the!first!time!during!this!survey,!43%!heard!of!OER!

during!orientation.!The!usage!seems!to!be!constrained!by!OER!accessibility,!perception!of!low!

OER!benefits!to!their!learning!and!their!ability!to!use!computers!to!access!OER.!From!the!tutors’!

sample!their!reported!level!of!utility!and!impact!of!OER!was!as!follows:!making!reference!in!

study!modules!is!high,!publishing!materials!as!OER!is!low,!satisfying!local!content!is!high.!The!use!

of!AVU,!TESSA,!MIT!OER!is!high.!Improving!academic!status!is!high.!Cost!reduction!and!cost!

containment!is!high.!

!

The!paper!emphasized!the!alternative!of!OER!as!a!solution!to!traditional!methods.!This!will!

counter!the!challenges!to!the!traditional!ways!of!teaching!and!help!address!the!low!

participation!rates!in!higher!education.!OER!provides!education!at!reduced!costs,!and!while!

there!are!challenges!in!the!use!of!OER,!there!is!need!to!find!ways!to!share!these!resources!

because!the!resources!are!quite!many!in!the!repository.!!

!

The!paper!also!looked!at!opportunities!for!supporting!initiatives!like!OER.!They!authors!noted!

that!SADC!(Southern!Africa!Development!Community)!supports!OER!and!encourages!the!

promotion!of!its!use.!The!idea!of!open!access!will!reward!the!students!as!the!greatest!

beneficiaries.!This!is!in!tandem!with!SADC!policy!that!seeks!to!enable!students!to!move!across!

institutions!in!the!region!and!to!ensure!mobility!does!not!constrain!learning.!SADC!plays!a!

critical!role!as!a!regional!block!helpful!in!the!realization!of!OER.!

!

Takeaways*

• OER!is!an!alternative!to!traditional!learning!and!teaching!methods.!

• Learners’!lack!of!awareness!of!the!existence!and!value!of!OERs!and!their!limited!access!

to!the!same!is!due!to!failure!of!tutors!to!adopt!the!use!of!OERs!in!the!process!of!

developing!their!course!materials!and!modules.!

!

*

*

10.5. Challenges*and*instructors’*intention*to*adopt*and*use*open*educational*resources*in*higher*education*in*Tanzania*

Presenter(s):%Joel%S.%Mtebe,%University%of%Dar%es%Salaam,%Tanzania%%%%*

This!paper!brought!to!the!fore!the!fact!that!resources!used!in!traditional!methods!are!expensive,!

inadequate!and!outdated.!It!was!noted!however,!that!the!use!of!OER!in!Tanzania!was!still!in!its!

very!early!stages!with!a!paltry!2%!in!subHSaharan!Africa.!Other!factors!that!pose!challenges!to!

utilization!of!OERs!include!internet!availability!and!access,!and!enabling!policy!guidelines.!!The!

utilization!of!OERs!needs!to!be!developed,!but!that!is!an!issue!that!will!be!determined!by!

internet!access!and!policy!issues!which!currently!limit!the!use.!It!was!noted!that,!people!are!

!

!


willing!to!share!resources!via!the!internet!if!they!can!access!it.!The!benefits!of!OER!are!well!

documented!so!what!is!needed!is!to!attract!more!users!because!currently!very!few!people!are!

using!OER!materials.!!

!

Takeaways*

• Instructors’!intention!to!use!OER!is!significantly!affected!by!effort!expectancy.!!

• Performance!expectancy,!facilitating!conditions,!and!social!influence!do!not!have!

significant!effect!on!instructors’!intention!to!use!OER.!

*

*

10.6. Students’*awareness*and*their*use*of*African*virtual*open*courseware:*A*case*of*the*Open*University*of*Tanzania*

!

The!main!aim!of!the!study!was!to!assess!students’!awareness!and!their!usage!of!OER@AVU!

courseware.!!Results!of!the!study!postulated!that!awareness!decreased!with!age!but!gender!did!

not!affect!the!degree!of!awareness!since!it!cut!across!board.!A!majority!of!the!students!

acknowledged!the!benefits!of!the!OER!material!but!did!not!want!to!spend!a!lot!of!time!there!

since!the!content!available!did!not!help!them!pass!examinations.!Some!were!not!impressed!by!

use!of!multiple!questions!as!they!considered!this!a!model!used!in!lower!levels!of!learning.!!

Nonetheless,!there!were!generally!positive!feelings!towards!the!material.!The!authors!pointed!

out!implications!for!practice!to!include:!awareness!and!sensitization!campaigns!to!make!

practical!uses!/benefits!of!AVU!courseware!known!to!lecturers!and!students;!learning!needs!

should!be!assessed!habitually!to!cope!with!the!changing!world;!AVU!courseware!needs!to!be!

revisited!in!relation!to!curriculum/syllabus!of!participating!universities!to!improve!relevance!and!

compatibility;!there!is!need!to!improve!feedback/interaction!system!among!students,!and!their!

instructors!as!well!as!policy!makers.!!

*

Takeaway!

• Most!Open!University!of!Tanzania!(OUT)!students!are!not!using!OER@AVU!!platform!

because!they!are!not!aware!of!the!AVU!link!at!the!OUT!website!and!the!existence!of!

AVU!courseware.!!

• A!majority!of!the!students!acknowledged!the!benefits!of!the!OER!material!but!did!not!

want!to!spend!a!lot!of!time!there!since!the!content!available!did!not!help!them!pass!

examinations!

*

*

10.7. Perception*of*executive*board*members*of*African*Council*for*Distance*Education*on*

integration*of*open*educational*resources*in*distance*higher*education*institutions*in*

Africa*

!

!

!


The!purpose!of!this!study!was!to!find!out!the!perception!of!Executive!Board!members!ofAfrican!

Council!for!Distance!Education!(who!are!mainly!selected!vice!chancellors)!on!the!integration!of!

open!educational!resources!in!distance!education.!

This!study!sought!to!interrogate!the!knowledge!level,!the!respondents!perception,!the!staff!

preparedness!to!access!OER,!the!relevance,!the!impact,!as!well!as!the!means!of!procurement!

among!the!decision!making!organs!of!institutions!of!higher!learning.!It!focused!on!Vice!

Chancellors!in!various!institutions!who!were!members!of!the!African!Council!for!Distance!

Education.!It!currently!had!43!members,!a!number!of!associate!members!and!273!individual!

members.!The!members!who!were!interviewed!represented!the!center!of!decision!making!in!

institutions!of!higher!learning.!

The!findings!of!the!study!indicated!the!VCs!did!not!understand!OER!resources!and!had!little!

interest.!This!was!also!replicated!among!members!of!staff!who!also!showed!little!or!no!interest.!!

The!study!revealed!that!some!of!the!challenges!of!integrating!OER!in!distance!learning!revolves!

around!lack!of!awareness;!staff!thought!of!collaborative!authorship!as!a!waste!of!time,!instead,!

that!they!could!write!something!from!which!they!would!earn!more!points!for!promotion!

purposes;!most!ODL!institutions!face!the!challenge!of!gaining!access!to!computers!while!some!

face!challenge!of!irregular!internet;!also!a!factor!was!the!financial!and!technical!resources!

needed!to!integrate!OER.!The!study!therefore!recommended!the!general!lack!of!awareness!be!

countered!through!a!series!of!sensitization!meetings!with!the!aim!of!increasing!awareness.!

%Takeaways*

• The!level!of!ViceHchancellors’!and!members!of!staff!appreciation!of!OERs!is!low.!

• There!is!need!to!organize!OER!sensitization!for!students!and!lecturers.!

• Institutions!need!to!formulate!and!implement!policies!that!encourage!sharing!of!OERs.!

• The!quality!of!teaching!and!learning!in!ODeL!institutions!in!Africa!can!be!improved!

through!integration!of!OERs.!!

!

+

Session+3:+Distance+Learning+&+ICTs+

Chair:*Amadou%Boureima,!DVC!Academic,!Université!Abdou!Moumouni!de!Niamey,!Niger!

%*

10.8. Student*perception*of*open*and*distance*learning*mode*for*initial*primary*teacher*

training*in*Malawi:*A*case*of*Lilongwe*Teachers*College*

!

The!purpose!of!this!study!was!to!assess!the!students’!perceptions!of!open!and!distance!learning!

as!a!mode!of!training!primary!school!teachers!in!Malawi.!The!authors!note!that!traditional!

teaching!in!Malawi!in!the!1990s!resulted!in!reduced!access!to!education,!and!from!2005!it!was!

!

!


apparent!that!there!was!need!to!integrate!open!and!distance!learning.!The!method!used!was!

essentially!based!on!a!field!survey!through!individual!questionnaires!and!focus!groups.!Three!

groups!of!learners!comprising!of!about!1000!individuals!formed!the!basis!of!this!research.!The!

results!suggest!that!students!perceived!ODL!as!a!useful!mode!for!training!primary!school!

teachers.!College!based!training!was!rated!better!and!more!useful!than!field!based!components!

of!the!ODL!by!the!students.!However,!ODL!was!characterized!by!a!number!of!challenges!such!as!

delays!in!payments!of!students’!allowances;!delays!in!distribution!of!study!materials;!inadequate!

time!for!face!to!face!training,!inadequate!professional!support!in!the!field;!and!shortage!of!

staffing!in!schools!leading!to!students!having!too!much!teaching!loads.!Despite!the!delays!

according!to!the!students!perception,!the!financial!support!given!was!very!much!lauded.!The!

field!experience,!particularly!practical!training!in!ICT,!solved!the!problem!of!lack!of!supervisors.!

!

From!this!research!two!major!points!stand!out!in!this!debate.!The!first!major!point!is!that!open!

and!distance!learning!in!the!Malawian!context!presents!relative!advantages!over!traditional!

teaching,!particularly!in!the!contexts!of!access,!teaching!methods!used,!and!enhanced!training!

of!human!capital.!The!second!major!point!is!that!open!and!distance!learning!always!presents!

some!challenges!that!need!to!be!overcome,!particularly!in!terms!of!quality.!The!authors!aptly!

emphasized!that!this!research!did!not!specifically!address!the!issue!of!quality!(it!is!important!to!

take!this!into!account)!and!the!implications!of!establishing!this!type!of!teaching!by!the!public!

authorities.!!

!

Takeaways*

• In!Malawi!ODeL!presents!relative!advantages!over!traditional!teaching!in!the!contexts!of!

access,!teaching!methods!used,!and!enhanced!training!of!human!capital.!

• One!of!the!most!prevalent!challenges!in!ODeL!that!needs!to!be!overcome!is!quality.!

!

!

10.9. Preparedness*for*digital*learning*of*ODL*students*in*Africa:*Case*of*the*Open*University*of*Tanzania*

%!

The!objective!of!this!study!was!to!find!out!how!prepared!learners!are!in!using!digital!delivery!

and!their!general!perception!of!digitally!delivered!knowledge.!Questionnaires!were!distributed!

randomly!and!some!of!the!information!solicited!included!gender,!use!of!official!mail,!computer!

literacy!and!ownership!of!ICT!equipment.!!!Open!University!of!Tanzania!(OUT)!was!established!in!

1992!as!a!public!ODL!tertiary!institution.!The!transition!to!digital!content!has!become!an!

imperative!need!for!them.!This!transition!is!accompanied!by!a!number!of!factors,!some!of!which!

including!the!establishment!of!networks,!the!availability!of!power!grids,!funding!and!the!

development!of!local!content.!Some!of!the!challenges!of!the!print!media!which!have!since!been!

solved!by!the!adoption!of!ODL!has!increased!cost!of!production,!distribution!and!storage.!OUT!

!

!


has!a!website,!a!mail!server,!WiHFi!services!and!student!records!management!system!(SARIS);!

registration!of!exams!is!also!automated!and!they!have!digitized!all!learning!materials;!generally!

the!move!to!go!digital!is!well!appreciated!and!the!students!are!ready.!The!main!question!posed!

by!this!research!is!how!one!prepares!this!type!of!training,!particularly!digital!learning.!!

Quantitative!and!qualitative!research!has!shown!the!capacity!and!level!of!use!of!ICT.!Web!visits!

underscore!the!general!perception!on!the!importance!of!adopting!digital!learning.!Three!major!

points!were!noted!in!the!presentation:!(i)!the!constraints!in!digital!learning!are!generally!

connected!to!the!environment,!particularly!lack!of!computers,!the!weaknesses!in!network!

connection,!inappropriate!content!etc.!(ii)!the!relative!weaknesses!of!access!to!ICT!services!and!

(iii)!the!need!and!desire!to!transform!the!environment!of!accessing!information!using!simple!

means.!!

!

Takeaways*

• The!use!of!ICT!has!led!to!better!exam!administration!and!financial!administration!oat!

the!Open!University!of!Tanzania.!

• Use!of!ICT!has!also!led!to!improved!completion!rates!and!growing!interest!in!ODeL!

among!young!school!leavers.!

!

10.10. The*potential*of*VLE*in*providing*access*to*quality*education*in*rural*community*

schools*–*myth*or*reality*

!

This!study!examined!the!use!of!virtual!learning!environment!(VLE)!to!support!teaching!and!

learning!in!rural!communities!in!Ghana!by!exploring!a!more!efficient!and!sustainable!means!of!

access!to!information!and!communication!technology!for!rural!communities.!The!study!was!

essentially!based!on!participative!research,!with!the!objective!of!exploring!access!to!ICT!in!the!

rural!set!up,!the!VLE!method,!and!the!transmission!of!online!content.!The!VLE!method!is!a!

flexible!mode!of!learning!or!selfHlearning;!the!idea!is!to!combine!learning!and!technology!so!as!

to!achieve!good!results.!The!results!indicated!that!the!technologyHmediated!delivery!of!teaching!

and!learning!raised!learners’!motivation,!increased!eHliteracy!level!and!ICT!awareness!of!

participants!but!also!revealed!challenges!that!need!both!public!and!private!support!if!the!project!

is!to!be!sustained!and!for!learners!to!derive!full!benefit!of!the!initiative.!

*

Takeaways!

• Virtual!learning!environment!raises!learners’!motivation,!increases!their!eHliteracy!level!

and!ICT!awareness.!

• Need!for!both!private!and!public!support!in!overcoming!challenges!to!virtual!learning.!

%

!

!


Session+4:+Science+Education+&+ICTs+

Chair:*Maxime%DACRUZ,!DVC!Academic,!Université!d'Abomey!Calavi,!Benin!

!

*

10.11. Intégration*des*TIC***dans*l’enseignement*des*sciences*physiques*du*secondaire*:*

Formations*en*présentiel*et*en*ligne*dans*quatreBvingt*lycées*de*Madagascar,*des*

Comores,**du*Sénégalet*de*l’Ile*Maurice*[Integrating!ICTs!in!Physics!Teaching!:!OnKSite!and!Distance!Training!in!Forty!HighKSchools!of!Madagascar,!the!Comoros,!Senegal!and!Mauritius].*

!

As!the!title!suggests!this!research!involved!four!countries!of!which!three!are!from!the!Indian!

Ocean!region!and!one!from!West!Africa,!specifically!Senegal.!This!research!involved!80!

secondary!schools!in!these!countries!in!which!270!teachers!took!part.!Overall!the!objective!was!

to!improve!the!quality!of!education!through!the!use!of!ICT.!Inevitably!from!this!there!was!the!

idea!of!developing!ICT!to!repackage!teaching!methods.!All!this!was!supposed!to!be!done!

through!trainings!of!teachers!in!the!use!of!ICT.!At!this!level!there!was!both!internal!and!external!

expertise!for!validation.!The!overall!result!was!that!these!270!teachers!from!80!schools!were!

sensitized!in!the!use!of!ICT.!It!was!noted!that!that!there!was!an!improvement!in!the!quality!of!

teaching!and!the!results!obtained!were!better.!A!series!of!supports!like!CDs,!films!etc.!were!

produced,!tutorial!material!were!made.!The!mastery!of!ICT!was!also!noted.!Student!results!also!

improved!as!they!scored!higher.!!

!

Takeaways*

• Integration!of!ICT!can!lead!to!improved!quality!of!teaching!and!learning!outcomes!in!

science!education.!

!

*

10.12. Enhancing*access*to*open*science*education*by*integrating*ICTBvirtual*labs*and*microB

science*kits*in*Kenya*

%The!presenter!first!gave!some!background!information!on!the!topic.!He!outlined!the!state!of!

science!education!in!Kenya,!its!objectives,!interventions!and!impact.!In!terms!of!objectives!of!

science!education!he!noted!the!need!to!remove!the!obstacles!in!order!to!improve!the!quality!of!

science!teaching.!Performance!in!the!science!was!fairly!weak.!He!noted!that!there!was!lack!of!

motivation!among!teachers!as!well!as!in!the!students!in!science!education.!Trends!in!science!

education!are!moving!from!traditional!macro!equipment!in!laboratories!to!micro!equipment!

with!use!of!smaller!apparatus.!The!next!step!is!virtual!labs!with!use!of!technology!for!virtual!

experiments.!!

!

There!is!sort!of!a!reenactment!of!the!concept!of!laboratory!through!this!project.!Components!of!

micro!science!kits!were!developed!in!South!Africa!and!students!do!not!require!laboratories!to!

!

!


perform!experiments,!instead!experiments!will!move!to!classrooms!for!convenience!of!students!

with!virtual!experiments!being!conducted!on!computers.!Four!sample!schools!were!selected!the!

first!school!was!provided!the!micro!science!kits,!the!second!school!was!engaged!in!virtual!

experiments!and!the!third!school!integrated!both!methods!while!the!control!sample!had!no!

micro!kits!or!virtual!labs.!The!results!indicate!that!there!was!active!learning!among!students!H!

students!were!involved;!enriched!science!learning!environment;!improved!performance!in!skills!

development;!all!schools!had!comparable!results!and!there!was!improvement!in!overall!

performance.!

*

Take*Aways*

• MicroHscience!kits!offer!low!initial!and!running!cost!and!are!easy!and!quick!to!set!up!

• They!offer!high!safety!since!quantity!of!materials!small!hence!risk!of!contamination!

reduced;!and!!low!environmental!impact!because!there!is!reduced!use!of!chemicals;!!

• They!are!sustainable!and!easily!applicable;!hence!science!education!can!be!achieved!by!

all.!!!

!

!

10.13. Conception*et*suiviBévaluation*de*cours*de*formation*à*distance*en*biologie*et*

éducation*environnementale:*Vers*un*modèle*harmonisé**

(Design,*monitoring*and*evaluation*of*distance*learning*in*biology*and*environmental*

education:*toward*a*harmonized*model)*

%The!Ministry!of!Education!in!Senegal!was!forced!to!do!away!with!untrained!teachers!hence!the!

training!project!was!developed!for!13!000!teachers!in!ODeL!learning.!There!was!a!problem!with!

teacher!training!in!the!beginning.!There!was!a!lot!of!resistance!or!opposition!in!relation!to!

eLearning.!This!resistance!was!particularly!due!to!the!fact!that!some!of!the!teachers!were!not!

used!to!producing!teaching!aids!to!complement!their!teaching.!Therefore,!it!was!necessary!to!

have!in!place!a!series!of!measures!aimed!at!sensitizing!them.!The!objective!of!the!program!was!

the!development!of!a!harmonized!model!for!evaluation!and!tools!to!transform!classroom!

lessons!to!online!lessons.!The!requirement!was!that!objectives!must!be!well!defined!by!the!

department!involved!in!the!project.!There!are!23!concepts!that!were!identified!in!a!process!

referred!to!as!'scenerisation.'!Information!from!different!institutions!was!analyzed!and!11!

aspects!were!derived!from!the!analysis.!The!presentation!outlined!the!setting!up!of!a!technoH

pedagogical,!educational,!organizational,!and!adult!education!conceptual!framework!order.!

There!were!three!important!results!noted:!identification!of!a!conceptual!framework;!a!proposed!

synthetic!model!of!designing!and!drafting!online!courses;!tools!of!comparing!and!evaluating!

online!courses.!

Recommendations!included!the!need!for!harmonization!of!monitoring!and!evaluation;!!there!is!

need!to!meet!the!demand!for!eLearning!and!the!tool!can!be!beneficial!to!all!27!partners!of!AVU;!

many!teachers!are!not!trained!in!eLearning!and!have!to!be!persuaded!on!the!importance!of!

eLearning!and!appropriate!measures!are!needed!at!all!stages!of!development.!

!

!


!

Takeaways*

• It!is!important!to!persuade!teachers!on!the!benefits!and!!significance!of!eLearning.!

• AVU!Partner!Institutions!should!consider!a!harmonized!organizational!model!of!

scripting,!assessment!grid!and!a!conceptual!framework!for!Monitoring!and!Evaluation.!

+

+

Session+5:+eLearning+&+Instructional+Design+

Chair:*Dr.%Taye%Tolemariam%Ejeta,!VP!Academics,!Research!&!Student!Affairs,!Jimma!University,!

Ethiopia!

!

10.14. Learner*support*in*eLearning:*Featuring*the*devil*in*the*detail*!

This!paper!focused!on!problems!of!learner!support.!eLearning!is!considered!as!a!wonderful!idea,!

but!when!it!comes!to!supporting!the!learning,!there!is!little!support!given!to!students!or!users.!

The!study!targeted!working!professionals!at!postgraduate!levels,!MSc!and!PhD!and!it!was!

expected!that!familiarity!with!the!use!of!the!computer!and!internet!use!was!high.!It!was!

established!that!learners!required!different!types!of!support!while!using!eLearning.!This!could!

either!be!ICT!literary!support,!technology!or!system.!!They!also!need!some!pedagogical!supports!

and!preHemptive!supports!like!induction!which!are!very!important!in!the!utilization!of!the!

system.!So!the!support!should!be!by!both!the!academic!and!supportive!staff!in!the!system,!

including!the!ICT!people.!!The!paper!recommended!timeliness!of!support!and!efficacy!of!access!

as!means!that!will!provide!the!much!needed!support!in!the!use!of!eLearning.!

!

Takeaway*

• Learners!need!different!types!of!supports!in!an!elearning!system!including!pedagogical,!

preHemptive!supports!like!induction!as!well!as!technical!support.!!!

!

10.15. Exploring*modes*of*education*delivery*in*the*digital*age*

!

This!paper!generally!summarized!that!the!mode!of!delivery!is!moving!gradually!from!campus!

based!fully!offline!towards!the!hybrid!and!blended!system!and!finally!to!the!remote!or!fully!

online!techniques.!!It!laid!emphasis!on!the!need!for!educational!technology!staff!to!explore!the!

modes!that!are!currently!in!use!if!they!are!to!respond!to!the!trends!in!the!market.!The!layers!

should!be!institutional!strategy!where!the!size!and!shape!is!influenced!by!online!or!blended!or!

face!to!face!techniques.!And!then!move!to!program!design,!curriculum!design,!learning!design!

and!academic!staff!professional!development!which!should!be!ready!for!utilizing!the!eLearning!

techniques.!The!students’!digital!literacies!are!also!important!and!the!students!and!the!

!

!


academic!support!staff!should!be!also!ready!to!enhance!the!eLearning!techniques!as!access!to!

devices!and!supports!are!also!essential!and!networking!like!the!wireless!system!are!also!

important.!The!physical!infrastructures!need!to!be!in!place.!!A!wide!variety!of!modes!such!as!

web!supported,!web!dependent,!fully!online,!internet!dependent,!internet!supported,!digital!

supported,!fully!offline,!campus!based!hybrid!or!blended!and!remote!would!redefine!the!

eLearning!experience.!As!a!choice!is!made,!the!core!value!to!the!material!to!be!delivered!should!

define!the!means.!

!

Takeaways*

• Modes!of!education!delivery!are!gradually!evolving!from!campus!based!face!to!face!

deliveries!towards!fully!remote!online!systems.!!

• Educational!technology!staff!need!to!explore!the!modes!that!are!currently!in!use!in!

order!to!be!able!to!respond!to!the!emerging!trends!in!the!market.!

!

!

10.16. 7BConception:*conception*pour*divers*scénarios*d'enseignement*et*d'apprentissage*:*

l'autoBapprentissage,*l'apprentissage*centré*sur*l'apprenant,*l'apprentissage*basé*sur*

la*collaboration*

*

The!main!objective!of!this!study!was!to!promote!environmental!study!through!the!use!of!ICT.!!

The!objective!of!this!paper!was!to!promote!environmental!study!using!an!eLearning!technique.!

It!indicated!that!for!a!lot!of!teaching!and!learning!techniques,!especially!the!online!techniques,!it!!

used!two!institutions’!techniques,!(UNICEF!and!NASA)!techniques.!!They!used!a!global!program!

supported!by!NASA.!Data!was!collected,!analyzed,!interpreted!and!given!to!the!students.!This!is!

communicated!to!the!students!using!different!techniques.!The!use!of!social!media!among!the!

youth!and!children!involved!in!the!study!created!networks!that!eventually!resulted!in!increased!

literacy!among!the!study!groups.!The!study!was!faced!with!constraints!some!of!which!are!

budgetary!allocation,!material!for!use,!language!barrier!and!the!distances!between!centers.!The!

presenter!concluded!by!recommending!the!creation!of!similar!models!that!support!learning!

through!the!environment.!There!are!strategies!to!use!for!supporting!studentHcentered!learning!

and!teaching!techniques;!collaborative!teaching!and!learning!as!well!as!webHbased!techniques!

are!encouraged.!!

*

Takeaways*

*

• ICT!webHbased!techniques!can!be!used!to!promote!studentHcentered!collaborative!

teaching!and!learning!in!environmental!education.!

• The!use!of!social!media!among!the!youth!and!children!(informally)!can!lead!to!increased!

literacy.!!

!

!


!

10.17. Students'*perceived*challenges*in*an*online*collaborative*learning*environment:**A*case*

of*higher*learning*institutions*in*Nairobi,*Kenya*

%%The!purpose!of!this!study!was!to!investigate!the!components!of!online!collaborative!learning!

which!learners!perceive!as!challenging!hence,!hindering!the!effective!collaboration!process!in!

their!online!group!activities.!This!paper!shed!light!on!the!obstacles!in!a!learning!environment!to!

be!mainly!technological!support,!infrastructure!and!the!type!of!support!that!may!be!required!by!

a!student.!!The!paper!indicated!the!popularity!of!various!collaborative!techniques!like!that!of!

email,!SMS,!telephone,!chat!and!social!media,!but!the!students!were!not!in!a!position!to!utilize!

some!other!techniques!like!the!workshops!and!forums.!There!were!problems!that!slowed!down!

their!activities!including!slow!internet!connectivity.!The!challenges!the!students!faced!were!lack!

of!participation!or!peer!participation!and!some!are!not!interested!in!many!other!modes!of!

collaborative!learning.!Students!who!used!social!media!were!found!to!have!higher!computer!

skills.!The!presenter!recommended!future!research!to!focus!on!developing!an!intelligent!Moodle!

that!that!can!support!the!students!and!at!the!same!time!develop!a!feedback!mechanism!that!

could!respond!to!the!students’!queries!because!one!of!the!problems!identified!is!lack!of!

feedback!from!the!instructors!during!teaching!and!learning.!

%Takeaways*

Students'!perceived!challenges!in!an!online!collaborative!learning!environment!are:!

• lack!of!feedback!from!instructors!

• lack!of!feedback/!criticism!on!posted!ideas!from!peers!

• slow!internet!connectivity!

!

+

Session+6:+Instructional+Technology/Information+Systems+

Chair:*Prof.%Emanuel%Nikolas%Abakah,!DVC!Academic,!University!of!Education!Winneba,!Ghana!

!

!

10.18. Optimization*of*learning*management*systems*through*systems*integration:*The*case*

of*moodle*and*zalongwa*software*

!

The!presenter!was!of!the!view!that!there!was!the!need!to!integrate!softwares!that!were!

friendlier!into!the!learning!system.!His!research!focused!on!the!challenges!that!they!meet!while!

teaching!students.!He!mentioned!three!different!challenges!that!they!meet!whilst!teaching!

students,!thus:!(i)!creating!credentials!for!students!and!instructors!(ii)!registering!student!

courses!and!(iii)!managing!the!email!systems!of!the!students!whenever!they!used!the!online!

!

!


system.!Thus!to!make!it!easier,!he!felt!that!there!was!a!need!to!create!a!new!system.!He!

described!this!system!as!the!web!service!technologies!that!allowed!for!sharing!of!information!

without!human!intervention.!!

!

He!indicated!that!Moodle!which!was!an!open!source!software!or!learning!platform!could!be!

integrated!with!the!system,!the!GHapps!or!the!Google!apps,!so!as!to!make!the!system!much!

more!userHfriendly.!He!said!with!integrated!software,!it!was!easier!to!store!data!and!then!also!

computing!of!students’!grades.!This!system!he!called!the!Zalongwa!software!system!and!he!said!

it!was!a!webHservice!approach!to!integration.!He!therefore!suggested!to!others!that!it!would!be!

expedient!to!use!the!GHapps!and!his!integrated!approach!to!do!the!registration!of!students!and!

then!this!would!allow!for!authentication!of!students!log!in!records!if!there!were!errors!in!that.!

*

Takeaway*

• Zalongwa!software!is!an!example!of!a!webHservice!learning!management!system!which!

seeks!to!integrate!Moodle!and!GoogleHapps!in!sharing!information!without!human!

intervention.!!

!

!

10.19. Mobile*computerBsupported*collaborative*learning*using*google*apps*for*education*

within*a*mLearning*strategy*

!

This!presenter!is!coming!from!Spain!so!at!a!point!he!said!one!may!wonder!why!he!is!part!of!AVU.!

The!reason!he!gave!was!that!the!learning!systems!are!evolving!in!Africa!just!the!same!way!they!

are!evolving!in!Europe.!Therefore,!he!found!it!necessary!to!introduce!his!knowledge!and!

learning!technology!system!to!us!here.!He!said!that!this!is!the!new!paradigm!within!the!

European!countries!that!they!are!all!moving!on!to!what!they!call!competence!based!learning.!

His!collaborators!have!therefore!developed!a!new!technology!known!as!knowledge!and!learning!

technologies!and!this!was!very!distinct!from!the!learning!management!systems!that!have!

existed!before.!Learning!systems!are!evolving!to!competency!based,!knowledge!based,!and!

foster!entrepreneurship!and!innovation.!The!learning!system!that!he!introduced,!he!said,!was!

both!a!system!that!could!be!used!for!competence!based!as!well!as!knowledge!based!system;!

and!the!competences!that!he!mentioned!were!time!management,!social!learning!and!

entrepreneurship.!He!said!that!theses!competences!were!absent!in!most!students!in!Europe!and!

as!a!result,!the!only!way!to!get!them!to!get!some!of!these!competences!was!to!develop!

softwares!that!were!friendly!to!them.!

!

In!Deusto!he!mentioned!there!are!over!9000!students!and!only!600!staff.!Knowledge!and!

learning!technologies!(KLT)!are!stressed!in!knowledge!based!learning.!He!noted!that!57%!in!EU!

use!smart!phones.!MHlearning!was!defined!as!a!learning!activity!that!takes!place!without!a!fixed!

!

!


location.!eHCampus!strategic!projects!make!use!of!computers,!smart!phones!and!iPads.!The!

campus!uses!Google!applications.!When!people!cooperate!in!a!given!environment,!it!stimulates!

learning!and!development.!It!is!eleven!years!ago!they!introduced!CSCL!and!the!university!has!

since!found!the!need!for!more!technologies!and!moodle!is!not!enough.!There!is!also!the!need!to!

have!personal!gadgets.!This!will!also!encourage!social!learning!which!is!needed!for!collaborative!

learning!and!mobile!learning.!Everyone!should!adopt!some!content!to!mobile!devices.!Mobile!

computer!support!collaborative!learning!(MSCL)!integrates!google!apps!with!mobile!devices.!

Google!app!develops!all!products!and!can!be!found!in!Moodle,!these!include:!collaborative!

services,!location!services!and!notification!services.!These!Google!apps!are!free!for!all!

education/learning!institutions!and!if!well!utilized!they!can!make!learning!very!easy!because!

everything!is!automatically!linked!to!Moodle.!He!noted!that!the!use!of!Google!apps!is!higher!in!

employees!than!students.!In!conclusion,!sharing!documents!is!easier,!students!can!be!asked!and!

ask!questions,!the!applications!are!free!and!very!easy!to!use.!

!

!

Takeaway*

• The!integration!of!google!apps!with!mobile!devices!in!Mobile!computer!support!

collaborative!learning!(MSCL)!encourages!social!learning!(which!is!needed!for!

collaborative!learning!and!mobile!learning)!and!also!makes!sharing!of!documents!easy.!

!

!

!

10.20. TALKY.*A*serious*game*to*develop*and*assess*oral*and*interpersonal*communication*

competences+*

!

The!objective!was!the!development!of!a!serious!game!designed!to!work!two!generic!

competences,!oral!communication!and!interpersonal!communication.!The!presenter!talked!

about!the!use!of!games!to!stimulate!students!to!learn.!He!talked!of!the!fact!that!here!too,!it!was!

based!upon!competency!learning.!The!games!are!very!complex,!digital!and!are!used!for!learning.!

The!games!are!oriented!to!ability!learning,!simulate!real!life!situations!and!the!content!pursues!

specific!interests.!There!were!three!levels!of!mastery!as!the!competencies!were!being!lined.!The!

first!level!was!ability!to!express!one’s!ideas,!the!second!level!was!the!ability!to!speak!before!a!

group!and!then!the!third!level!was!the!ability!to!adapt!that!knowledge!to!other!situations.!

Therefore,!in!their!games!they!devised!games!which!were!not!virtual!but!real!situation!games,!in!

which!case!there!was!the!possibility!for!students!to!meet!participants!online!to!do!the!various!

activities!that!have!been!designed!within!the!games.!Findings!show!that!in!Deusto!business!

school!the!students!are!lacking!in!creativity!and!entrepreneurship.!The!Talky!games!can!help!

develop!these!skills!because!they!are!real!situation!games;!people!could!meet!online.!

!

Takeaways*

!

!


• Serious!games,!like!Talky!which!are!digital,!nonHvirtual!and!real!situation!games!can!

foster!competency!basedHlearning!and!can!help!students!develop!creativity!and!

entrepreneurial!skills!as!they!rely!on!interpersonal!online!communication.!

!

!

10.21. Structuration*et*management*du*eBlearning*pour*mieux*gérer*les*sureffectifs*

d’étudiants*à*l’UCAD*(Structuring*and*Management*of*eBlearning*for*a*better*

management*of*student*overcrowding**at*Cheikh*Anta*Diop*University*(UCAD)*

*

This!presentation!focused!on!the!challenges!facing!the!introduction!and!management!of!

distance!learning!(DL)!at!UCAD!with!the!objectives!of!the!research!being:!(i)!to!demonstrate!the!

importance!of!ICT!in!tackling!difficult!situations!in!Senegalese!universities!(ii)!to!analyse!

university!policy!in!ICT!and!distance!learning!(iii)!to!evaluate!the!competence!of!actors!in!terms!

of!ICT!use!and!(iv)!to!identify!ways!of!thinking!and!actions.!The!researchers!were!concerned!that!

despite!a!few!Schools!and!Institutes!at!UCAD!offering!distance!learning!courses,!the!pricing!

policies!seemed!to!exclude!traditional!ordinary!students.!This!made!them!ask!whether!DL!will!be!

limited!only!to!an!elite!group!of!students!hence!the!need!to!examine!the!focus!and!strategy!that!

Cheikh!Anta!Diop!University!should!develop!in!order!to!arrive!at!a!coherent!DL!policy.!The!

researchers!through!their!findings!question!the!rationale!of!DL!!as!a!tool!to!resolve!the!problems!

of!overcrowding!faced!by!some!faculties!in!UCAD!because!they!discovered!that:!(i)!the!

introduction!of!DL!at!UCAD!was!a!multiHspeed!process!where!coherence!did!not!seem!to!be!a!

strong!aspect!(ii)!the!umbrella!institution,!UCAD,!had!yet!to!derive!significant!benefits!from!

Open!and!Distance!Learning!and!(iii)!strategies!for!dealing!with!massification!through!ICTs!and!

DL!varied!widely!and!were!perceived!differently.!They!found!also!found!out!that!institutions!

where!distance!learning!was!well!developed!or!which!had!onHgoing!projects!faced!no!

massification!problem!(in!contrast!with!institutions!which!had!no!distance!education!project!in!

place).!The!researcher!therefore!!argued!that!although!one!of!the!main!reasons!for!the!

introduction!of!DL!in!higher!education!was!to!help!in!massification,!the!absence!of!a!coherent!

distance!education!policy!with!an!implementation!plan!and!clearly!identified!objectives!could!

still!be!an!obstacle.!

!

Takeaways*

• Lack!of!a!coherent!ODeL!policy!may!negatively!impact!on!massification!of!higher!

education.!

• Absence!of!ODeL!programs!or!projects!in!an!institution!is!a!hindrance!to!massification.!

!

Conclusion+

!

!


In!his!concluding!remarks,!the!chair!of!this!session!observed!that!the!key!issue!is!that!there!is!

evolution!of!ICT!in!all!areas!of!life!and!it!is!influencing!our!education!and!work.!We!need!a!

paradigm!shift!although!there!will!be!resistance.!He!pointed!out!the!following:!

i. There!is!need!for!strong!national!policies!and!governments!need!to!be!convinced!of!the!

need!for!infrastructure!to!support!ICT!in!education,!e.g.!fiber!optic!backbone!and!other!

infrastructure.!

ii. There!is!need!to!improve!ICT!education!at!a!basic!level!of!our!schools!

iii. Universal!access!to!energy!is!a!challenge!and!subsidies!are!required!in!areas!that!cannot!

access!energy.!Solar!energy!as!well!as!other!alternative!sources!needs!to!be!explored.!

iv. He!challenged!the!delegates!from!partner!institution!to!preach!ODeL!but!reminded!

them!that!there!is!need!to!both!preach!and!practice.!If!VCs!are!not!aware!they!may!not!

be!enthusiastic!to!push!an!agenda.!We!need!to!live!ODEL,!preach!the!gospel!of!ODEL!

and!be!enthusiastic.!He!concluded!that!we!must!revolutionize!our!universities.!

! !

!

!


V. Conference+Day+II+

11. Session%7:%Panel%on%AVU%Multinational%Project%*

Chair:*Prof.%Ezra%Maritim,!The!Open!University!of!Tanzania,!AVU!Board!Member! !

!

11.1. A*brief*on*the*AVU*Multinational*Projects*

Presenter(s):%Ms.%Catherine%Wangeci,%African%Virtual%University%*

Phase!I!of!the!program!was!collaboratively!developed!by!partner!institutions!and!was!

implemented!between!2005H2011.!It!involved!the!development!of!10!ODeL!centers,!459!

academics,!13!modules,!597!scholarships!and!4000!students!enrolled.!73!modules!for!teacher!

education!were!developed!as!a!basis!for!OER@AU.!

Phase!II!has!consolidated!the!gains!of!Phase!1!and!was!funded!by!African!Development!Bank!

(AFDB).!12!new!centers!will!be!built!and!15!centers!upgraded.!Most!sites!are!ready!and!supply!

commences!in!2H3!weeks.!During!this!phase!there!will!be!review!of!programs!in!terms!of!

delivery!and!content.!During!the!May!workshop,!there!was!a!review!of!the!73!modules,!and!

development!of!10!new!modules.!

The!applied!computer!science!module!has!been!developed!collaboratively!with!18!institutions!

taking!current!best!practices!into!consideration.!Conflict!and!peace!management!will!be!

introduced!and!there!will!be!R&D!crossHcutting!activities.!Among!other!activities!there!will!be!

awarding!of!scholarships,!development!of!a!QA!framework!and!OER!sensitization!workshops!&!

networking.!

In!Phase!1!there!were!challenges!identified!and!it!is!hoped!that!the!review!will!address!these!

challenges.!!

!

*

11.2. AVU*Phase*1*at*the*Open*University*Tanzania*B*Joint*AVU/OUT*ICT*Basic*Skills*Program*

Presenter(s):%Prof.%Eliphas%Bisanda%DVC%Academic,%Open%University%of%Tanzania%*

Introduction*

The!presentation!is!based!on!experiences!of!the!university!in!implementation!of!Phase!1!of!the!

project.!The!project!was!an!ICT!program!for!teachers!and!teacher!instructors!aimed!at!

enhancing!eLearning!capacity.!Improvement!of!ICT!skills!increase!access!to!digital!knowledge!

and!improve!quality!of!teaching.!The!number!of!ICT!literate!teachers!also!increases!and!they!are!

able!to!sustain!student!interest!in!science!subjects.!There!has!been!a!history!of!failure!in!science!

subject!by!all!students!in!most!areas!of!Tanzania.!

!

!


The!program!faced!a!setback!in!sponsoring!teachers!by!dealing!with!Ministry!of!Education!while!

the!intended!teachers!had!been!transferred!to!the!Ministry!of!Local!Government.!A!new!project!

to!train!teachers!through!the!relevant!ministry!was!developed.!Course!content!was!developed!in!

parts!and!modules!and!based!in!5!centers.!Assessment!was!conducted!as!a!twoHhour!test!at!the!

end!of!each!training!for!assessment.!

Feedback*

The!teachers!reported!that!the!time!was!too!short!to!cover!all!topics!but!in!that!time!they!

gained!a!lot!of!ICTHbased!knowledge.!The!program!enabled!teachers!to!train!students!on!

appropriate!use!of!ICT.!Some!teachers!fear!being!irrelevant,!that!they!will!be!replaced!by!

eLearning.*

Summary*

The!program!developed!in!Phase!1!of!the!AVU!has!led!to!improvement!of!teacher!training!in!

Tanzania.!Evaluation!and!feedback!are!important!components!of!the!project.!

*

11.3. AVU*Phase*1*at*the*University*of*Zimbabwe:*The*AVU*Capacity*Enhancement*Program*

(ACEP)**

Presenter(s):%Prof.%Chipo%Dyanda,%Pro9Vice%Chancellor,%University%of%Zimbabwe%%The!program!is!designed!to!equip!lecturers!in!skills!of!design!and!delivery.!It!runs!an!

accreditation!program!of!13!colleges,!with!10!of!them!running!ODeL!programs.!The!training!was!

necessitated!by!migration!of!science!teachers!to!neighboring!countries!like!Namibia!and!South!

Africa.!

A!diverse!team!assists!in!the!implementation!within!the!university!framework.!Cascading!

priority!focused!on!teachers!colleges.!The!greatest!impact!was!felt!in!Bachelor!of!Science!

Mathematics!program.!Partner!institution!teachers!colleges!appreciated!the!program!and!

primary!colleges!have!set!up!ODeL!Centers!as!a!result!of!this!program.!

Lessons*Learned*

• Good!grounding!is!important!in!ODeL!

• Connectivity!is!still!a!challenge!

• Role!of!the!core!team!is!important!in!implementation!of!the!program!

• It!is!important!to!include!representatives!of!various!faculties!to!increase!support!

!

11.4. AVU*Phase*I*at*Universite*Cheikh*Anta*Diop,*Senegal:*The*Teacher*Education*Program**

*Presenter(s):%Ibrahima%Niang,%Universite%Cheikh%Anta%Diop,%Senegal%Introduction*

!

!


The!project!was!necessary!as!the!impact!of!poor!quality!teaching!was!felt!as!a!result!of!many!

untrained!teachers!at!various!levels!of!education.!AVU!partnered!with!the!university!and!was!

able!to!train!teachers!in!2!phases.!The!program!was!geared!at!putting!in!place!training!tools!for!

teachers,!particularly!in!calculus!and!mathematics.!A!broader!program!resulted!in!phase!2!of!the!

project.!Success!is!based!on!the!governance!and!organization!of!the!program.!A!national!

coordinator!was!assigned!the!task!to!support!the!program.!Most!faculties!from!universities!

made!up!the!implementation!team.!Implementation!cascaded!from!the!trained!teachers!back!to!

the!various!regions!and!institution!where!they!were!based.!

More!than!13,000!teachers!have!been!trained!at!the!national!level,!a!number!that!would!have!

taken!the!government!10!years.!While!the!project!was!initiated!by!AVU!there!was!a!lot!of!

government!support.!The!rate!of!success!was!high!compared!to!previous!training!models.!

ODeL!will!be!put!in!place!in!the!university.!There!will!be!use!of!integrated!learning!with!both!

online!and!face!to!face!teaching!model.!There!will!be!a!team!of!support!from!government,!

technological!experts!and!pedagogical!groups.!Faculty!teams!will!be!put!in!place!to!develop!

ODeL!programs.!!

Results*

The!project!increased!the!number!of!trained!teachers!with!an!85%!success!rate.!

*

11.5. Discussion*

Brief!on!the!AVU!Multinational!Projects!H!Catherine!Wangeci,!African!Virtual!University!

i. You*indicated*that*the*2nd

*phase*would*include*publication*of*the*projects,*eBjournals*

and*conference*proceedings.*Kindly*elaborate.*

! There!was!no!documented!process!in!R&D!in!phase!1.!Phase!II!is!taking!this!into!

account.!Select!research!papers!presented!from!the!27!countries!and!beyond!will!be!

published!in!AVU!online!journal.!!

ii. Elaborate*on*the*projects*and*the*scholarships*for*women.*What*can*be*done*to*

ensure*students*in*University*of*Cape*Verde*benefit*from*the*scholarship*programs?*

! The!scholarship!program!is!a!gender!mainstreaming!program!targeted!at!females!

enrolled!in!science!programs.!Institutions!need!to!enroll!students!and!AVU!will!

transfer!funds!to!institutions!with!most!female!students!mainly!for!the!computer!

science!program.!

!

iii. *You*indicated*that*an*online*journal*will*capture*all*the*publications*and*studies.*Is*AVU*working*with*CAMES*because*lecturers*would*take*advantage*of*this*to*publish*

their*work?*

!

!


! AVU!have!been!in!engagement!with!CAMES!at!policy!level!since!2012!July.!Online!

journal!is!starting!up!and!accepted!papers!will!be!published.!!

!

iv. The*idea*of*relevance*was*being*questioned*on*the*issue*of*OER*resources*at*AVU.*In*the*review*process*is*contextualization*being*considered*to*ensure*relevance*within*

local*context?*

! Apart!from!review,!there!is!involvement!of!11!institutions,!where!curriculum!

mapping!process!is!taking!place.!The!institutions!gave!their!views!depending!on!the!

situation!of!their!country.!Most!countries!will!adopt!these!according!to!their!

situations!and!they!will!be!modified!to!fit!their!needs.!Content!and!mapping!will!be!

specific!to!each!institution!in!specific!country!

!

v. Various*countries*e.g.*Tanzania*and*Senegal*are*at*various*levels*in*implementing*the*

AVU*projects*and*AVU*has*timelines.*How*will*the*countries*be*put*at*the*same*level*

of*implementation,*given*that*some*countries*have*transport*issues*and*for*some*

power*is*a*challenge?*What*infrastructural*measures*are*being*put*in*place*given*the*

various*challenges*and*is*AVU*taking*this*into*consideration?*

! Resources!and!services!offered!are!the!same!and!offered!in!good!time.!Institutions!

should!be!ready!to!use!the!resources.!There!are!challenges!but!AVU!works!

collaboratively!to!identify!resources!needed.!Development!of!programs!is!also!a!

challenge.!Modules!need!to!be!developed!and!reviewed!with!different!experts!who!

also!have!high!workload.!Authors!are!interchanged!thus!interrupting!the!process.!

Currently!there!isn't!much!of!challenge!with!development!process!due!to!lessons!

learnt!from!phase!1.!AVU!will!adjust!the!timelines!to!accommodate!institutions!

situations.*

*

vi. Given*AVU*mission*to*make*online*education*accessible*across*Africa.*How*is*this*

achievable*when*challenges*in*rural*areas*are*numerous?*Challenges*in*ICT*and*

technology*and*even*mobiles*phones*do*not*exist*in*some*areas.*How*will*the*rural*

population*be*reached*for*ICT*to*cut*across*Africa?*

! Challenges!were!mentioned!in!Senegal!but!centers!were!identified!for!training!and!

the!teachers!were!able!to!be!trained.!AVU!strategy!is!to!work!with!partner!

institutions!whose!reach!is!across!the!country.!They!must!have!satellite!centers!

across!the!country!e.g.!UON!and!Senegal!have!the!widest!reach!and!spread!the!

benefit!to!satellite!centers.!This!can!be!achieved!by!working!with!organizations!that!

have!wide!reach!within!the!country.!

!

AVU!Phase!I!at!Universite!Cheikh!Anta!Diop,!Senegal:!The!Teacher!Education!Program!–!Prof!

Ibrahima!Niang,!Université!Cheikh!Anta!Diop,!Senegal!

!

!


i. There*is*a*high*rate*of*success*in*Senegal*as*compared*with*Burkina*Faso*in*a*similar*

program.*What*contributed*to*the*success*because*ODeL*is*considered*difficult*and*

students*are*unable*to*adapt?*

! This!is!due!to!several!factors:!(a)!Part!time!and!full!time!lecturers!became!more!

competent!with!their!work!as!they!gained!experience!in!teaching!in!secondary!

school.!

! (b)!Recruitment!problem!and!unemployment!means!that!qualified!people!are!

recruited!as!partHtime!even!though!they!are!qualified!to!be!fullHtime!teachers!

! (c)!through!academic!inspection!at!local!levels!

!

ii. Apart*from*transport*in*the*rural*areas,*what*are*the*other*difficulties*experienced*in*

the*program?*

! Aspects!related!to!internet!connectivity!for!access!to!web!based!platforms.!

Electricity!was!also!a!problem!so!other!media!like!paper!and!DVD!were!adopted!to!

improve!accessibility.!

!

iii. Is*there*a*national*policy*on*ODeL*in*Senegal*and*if*there*is,*is*it*being*implemented?*

! There!is!no!policy!but!there!have!been!initiatives!within!certain!ministries!and!

universities!who!have!tried!to!put!in!place!programs!in!ICT.!In!February!2013!there!

was!a!presidential!directive!signed!to!put!in!place!technologies!to!improve!access!to!

higher!education!and!encouraging!use!of!ICT.!

!

! This!is!a!policy!vision!that!will!be!translated!to!policy!by!ministries.!A!virtual!

university!is!currently!being!built.!In!the!next!few!months!there!should!be!a!clear!

policy!on!ODeL!

!

iv. There*were*more*subjects*used*in*the*University’s*training*which*were*different*from*

AVU*programs.*Was*the*Senegal*approach*informed*by*a*local*need?*

! The!pilot!phase!of!training!with!AVU!and!the!other!projects!were!more!general!and!

after!phase!1!the!government!put!in!place!means!to!extend!training!to!part!time!

teachers!in!other!areas!of!study.!The!general!results!were!presented!in!phase!2.!

!

AVU!Phase!1!at!the!Open!University!Tanzania!H!Joint!AVU/OUT!ICT!Basic!Skills!Program!H!Prof.%Eliphas%Bisanda%DVC%Academic,%Open%University%of%Tanzania!

i. You*mentioned*that*in*training*teachers,*the*university*had*to*look*for*experts*that*

were*from*AVU.*How*did*you*do*that?*

! The!university!has!a!fullHfledged!department!of!ICT!and!a!full!program!with!

academic!staff,!experts,!technicians!programmers!and!networking!technicians!

available!to!support.!All!experts!were!from!the!university!but!a!few!had!participated!

in!AVU!program.!

!

!


!

ii. Teachers*are*getting*scared*of*losing*their*jobs.*What*steps*are*being*taken*to*dispel*

these*fears?*

! ICT!takes!over!some!roles!of!teachers.!Fear!of!teachers!is!not!unfounded.!Some!

industries!have!replaced!personnel!and!replaced!them!with!technology!.e.g.!post!

office!was!replaced!by!email.!Mpesa!and!other!mobile!money!transfers!have!

replaced!bank!tellers.!Landlines!have!been!replaced!with!mobile!phones.!In!the!

West!cash!has!been!replaced!with!visa!and!tellers!no!longer!have!jobs.!Some!

internet!sites!exist!with!full!academic!courses!and!this!may!result!in!students!

missing!classes.!!

! %

!

!


%

12. Session%8:%ICTs%&%Educational/Social%Context%Chair:*Dr%Niandou%Aïssata,!Conseillère!Technique!du!Ministre!

The!entire!session!8!was!cancelled,!none!of!presenters!made!it!to!the!conference!

Infrastructure*and*access*for*open*and*distance*learning:*Experiences*from*Zimbabwe*

Moffat%Chitapa%Tarusikirwa%PhD,!!Zimbabwe!Open!University!

Fracture*numérique*et*développement*en*Afrique*

Fatima%Zohra%Sossi%Alaoui,!Institut!des!Etudes!Africaines,!Rabat,!Morocco*

Mustapha%Machrafi%,%Institut!des!Etudes!Africaines,!Rabat,!!Morocco!

Les*freins*à*l'intégration*des*TIC*en*pratiques*enseignantes*dans*le*contexte*scolaire*tunisien*

%Souad%%Abdelwahed,!Centre!National!d’Innovation!Pédagogique!et!de!Recherche!en!Education!!!*!!(CNIPRE),!Tunisia!

***************************!

! %

!

!


%

13. Session%9:%Curriculum/Program%Development%%Chair:*Prof.!Bendita!Donaciano,!Universidade!Pedagogica,!Moçambique!

13.1. Students’*understanding*of*research*as*praxis*in*a*distance*education*postgraduate*programme*

Presenters(s):%Prof%William%Fraser,%University%of%Pretoria%South%Africa%*

Key*Points:*

The!study!focused!on!two!main!questions:!

• How!do!postgraduate!distance!students!understand!research!as!a!praxis?!

• How!applicable!is!the!learning!in!practice?!

Steps!need!to!be!taken!to!be!careful!of!mismatch!between!the!role!of!the!research!and!that!of!

teachers!and!students.!

A!questionnaire!was!developed!and!validation!was!done!with!95!items.!Learning!areas!

specialization!for!Bachelor!of!Education!included!various!subjects!e.g.!communication,!

numeracy,!human!science!etc.!

During*analysis*7*issues*emerged:*

• research!promotes!critical!thinking,!

• empowers!teachers,!

• improves!quality!of!teachers,!

• educators!should!be!good!teachers!and!good!researchers,!

• research!should!be!part!of!professional!redevelopment!

• research!should!improve!learning!environment!and!gathering!of!information!

Eight!factors!were!derived!and!they!and!were!in!line!with!content!validation!of!the!

questionnaires.!

Findings*

• Teachers!could!relate!to!research,!learnt!a!lot,!not!only!professionals!can!be!

researchers,!but!also!teachers!can!be!good!researchers.!

• Some!teachers!intimidated!by!research!

• Close!association!and!engagement!will!bring!about!change!in!the!community!

• Interventions!should!focus!on!empowerment!

• Access!is!enhanced!

• The!process!calls!for!social!participation!

!

!


Conclusions*drawn*

• Proves!importance!of!research!as!a!praxis!

• Supports!teachers!understanding!of!foundation!of!educational!research!

• Strengthens!teachers!own!research!and!participant!identifies!professional!development!

in!general!

• Takes!learning!experience!a!step!further!and!gives!opportunity!to!make!a!difference!

*

13.2. Le*locuteur*natif*à*distance,*une*alternative*à*l’assistant*pour*l’apprentissage*autodirigé*des*langues*étrangères*(The*native*speaker,*an*alternative*assistant*to*the*selfB

directed*learning*of*foreign*languages)*

Presenter(s):%Jacinto%Cipriano%Banze%Junior,%Universidade%Pedagógica,%Moçambique%%Introduction*

The!University's!objective!is!to!train!teachers!in!various!faculties!and!the!teachers!are!

represented!across!the!country.!Different!modes!of!teaching!are!used.!Teachers!have!been!

participating!in!positive!ways!to!support!training!since!2008.!There!is!currently!difficulty!in!

learning!languages!because!in!any!learning!system!there!is!always!a!capital!role!for!someone!in!

the!course.!The!project's!aim!is!to!help!people!to!understand!and!learn!the!language!with!the!

help!of!native!speakers.!

Two!solutions!were!recommended!to!launch!this!program:!

• Pay!assisting!teachers!for!the!training!

• Intervene!in!the!ODeL!with!video!conferencing!

The!first!recommendation!failed!as!budgetary!problems!were!experienced!as!is!the!case!with!

many!budgetary!constraints!in!Africa.!

SelfHlearning!alternatives!were!developed!and!these!focused!on!distance!learning.!The!concept!

of!selfHlearning!has!been!advanced!for!10!yrs.!Language!assistants!were!involved!and!native!

speakers!were!preferred.!

SelfHlearning!required!institution!to!put!strategies!for!them!to!learn!and!grow.!Students!may!

learn!alone!with!native!documents!but!need!to!evaluate!learning!and!to!authenticate!with!local!

speakers.!

Native!speakers!are!responsible!for!their!learning,!helping!the!learner!with!support!to!develop!

competencies!and!develop!learning!capacity.!

There!are!two!rules!in!selfHlearning!

• Language!format!

!

!


• Communication!partner!

Native!persons!understand!cultural!information!and!learn!with!culture.!A!communication!

partner!who!is!the!native!person!had!to!have!interaction!with!learner.!

A!tool!was!developed!for!video!conferencing!called!OVOO!which!looks!like!Skype,!is!free!but!has!

more!advantages!as!you!can!record!discussions!for!more!than!20!minutes.!This!tool!is!however!

not!downloadable.!

Conclusion*

• We!may!be!losing!out!on!selfHtraining!programs!in!development!of!learning!of!foreign!

languages!e.g.!French,!Portuguese,!English!etc.!

• In!future!we!need!to!put!structures!to!develop!video!for!selfHlearning!in!the!platform!

and!improve!interaction!

• It!is!important!to!work!with!partner!in!collaboration!

!

*

13.3* The*design*and*development*of*the*diploma*program*on*social*enterprise*and*

development:*Towards*an*open*learning*policy*

Presenter(s):%Jos.%H.A.N.%Rikers,%Open%Universiteit,%The%Netherlands%&%Alberto%Parise,%Tangaza%University%College,%ISMM,%Kenya%!

This!is!a!PhD!project!with!and!as!policy!advisor/coordination!of!UNESCO.!It!is!in!collaboration!

with!Tangaza!University!College!in!Kenya.!

The!theme!is!social!transformation!for!human!dignity!and!social!justice.!It!is!a!diploma!designed!

to!cater!for!upgrading!informal!sector!entrepreneurs.!Access!for!those!without!time!to!attend!is!

being!integrated!by!program.!

Lecturers!need!to!be!trained!on!distance!education!being!designed.!Program!requires!the!

learner!to!write!own!business!plan!as!a!parallel!activity.!It!is!transfer!from!theory!to!practice!in!

individual!business.!

A!workshop!was!organized!to!identify!a!design!framework!that!was!discussed!with!lecturers!for!

consensus.!Both!prospective!students!and!alumni!were!involved.!

Theory*and*background*

• Discussion!on!teaching!philosophy!

• Quality!issues!

• How!is!it!targeting!SMEs!

• Learning!goals!

!

!


Design*

Basis!of!design!introduces!the!4!component!instructional!design!model!—!increasing!in!

complexity!from!teacher!oriented!to!student!oriented!with!student!taking!more!responsibility!

with!progression!

• Student!gets!support!and!learning!resources!when!needed!

• Program!structured!and!software!package!designed!

• Software!—!EMERGO!was!designed!and!adopted!

• Teaching!involved!every!task!with!a!sequence!to!solve,!with!increasing!mastery!

• It!was!important!to!work!in!an!authentic!environment!

Results*

• Data!was!collected!from!stakeholders;!involved!all!stakeholders,!management!staff!

students!and!alumni!

• Interviews!were!carried!out!and!main!concerns!involved!use!of!technology.!

• More!programs!are!intended!for!development.!

*

13.4*Discussion*

Students’!understanding!of!research!as!praxis!in!a!distance!education!postgraduate!programme!H!

Presenters(s):!Prof!William!Fraser,!University!of!Pretoria!South!Africa!

i. Elaborate*on*the*policies*that*are*related*to*the*program*

! If!we!link!the!entire!scope!with!critical!theory!we!reestablish!social!dignity.!

!

ii. There*is*concern*on*the*length*of*the*questionnaire*with*95*items.*Can*they*be*

condensed*for*a*smaller*questionnaire?*How*easy*was*it*to*the*respondents*as*it*is*

quite*involving?*

! 25%!of!the!respondents!returned!the!questionnaire.!People!becoming!enlightened!

as!far!as!ethics!are!concerned.!Opinions!of!people!are!changing.!However!this!

questionnaire!should!be!condensed!in!future.!

!

! The!themes!advice!community!needs!each!year!and!it!takes!up!to!4H5!years!to!

complete!the!program.!The!questionnaire!was!not!judgmental!but!was!intended!to!

improve!environment!with!teachers.!Focusing!on!research!based!themes!improved!

response.!

!

iii. Research*should*be*an*important*education*principle.*However*eLearning*demands*

many*skills,*teaching*and*participating*in*academic*life*and*a*lot*of*activities.*How*can*

the*eLearning*teacher*do*all*this*work?*

!

!


! Workload!of!teachers!is!an!issue!but!in!some!cases!working!around!the!clock!may!be!

necessary.!

!

The!design!and!development!of!the!diploma!program!on!social!enterprise!and!development:!

Towards!an!open!learning!policy!H!Jos.!H.A.N.!Rikers,!Open!Universiteit,!The!Netherlands!&!

Alberto!Parise,!Tangaza!University!College,!ISMM,!Kenya!

i. You*indicated*the*model*was*designed*in*1997*and*validated*for*training*skills.*Very*

little*is*known*on*the*model.*Is*it*for*education*or*classroom?*What*is*its*effectiveness*

in*classroom*teaching?*

! It!is!true!the!model!is!not!widely!used!but!it!was!used!in!the!study!to!develop!a!

didactic!approach.!The!EMERGO!software!was!developed!using!the!model.!It!is!

based!on!breaking!complexity!and!building!up!tasks!and!complexity.!There!is!not!

much!published!on!this!approach!but!the!PhD!study!will!contribute!more!

information!and!contribute!to!the!education!environment.!

!

Le!locuteur!natif!à!distance,!une!alternative!à!l’assistant!pour!l’apprentissage!autodirigé!des!

langues!étrangères!(The!native!speaker,!an!alternative!assistant!to!the!selfHdirected!learning!of!

foreign!languages)!H!Presenter(s):!Jacinto!Cipriano!Banze!Junior,!Universidade!Pedagógica,!

Moçambique!

i. There*is*some*confusion*about*the*native*speaker?*Is*it*Portuguese*or*local*languages*

in*Mozambique.*Is*this*an*alternative*in*learning*languages?*

!

! This!is!an!alternative!learning!mode,!all!provisions!have!language!assistant!only!

when!needed.!It!is!the!government!that!should!disseminate!language.!Language!

experts’!role!is!played!by!the!teacher.!We!need!to!have!native!expert!teachers!but!it!

is!difficult!to!remunerate!them.!

!

! The!interaction!was!French!because!instructors!are!French.!Only!native!speakers!

should!be!used.!Languages!evolve!and!expatriate!natives!may!not!be!aware!of!

changes.!The!native!speaker!will!keep!characteristics!of!the!native!language.! !

!

!


!

14. Session%10:%OER%Crowdsourcing%Panel%Presentation%Chair*Mary%Lou%Forward,%Executive!Director!OpenCourseWare!Consortium!

14.1. CrossBcultural*crowdsourcing:*A*method*for*sharing*OERs*across*language*barriers*

!Presenter(s):%Griff%Richards%PhD,%African%Virtual%University,%Nairobi,%Kenya%!

This!presentation!sought!to!highlight!how!the!AVU!supports!postHsecondary!education!in!Africa!

in!English,!French!and!Portuguese.!It!was!noted!that!the!traditional!translation!process!has!been!

both!slow!and!very!expensive.!Most!of!the!AVU!course!writing!has!been!through!collaborative!

writing.!The!thorny!issues!have!been!revolving!around!recruiting!the!right!people!on!the!subject!

matter!and!knowledge!of!the!language.!The!next!steps!at!AVU!is!to!capture!the!creative!

collaboration!through!technical!structures!that!work!and!to!create!and!maintain!a!process!that!

will!enable!expansion.!

!

14.2. Volunteer*translation*of*open*textbooks*in*South*Africa*Presenter(s):%%Bridget%Nash,%Siyavula%Education,%Cape%Town,%South%Africa%!

SIYAVULA!which!means!we!are!opening!was!created!with!an!objective!of!working!with!

communities!to!translate!mathematics!and!science!books!both!at!primary!and!secondary.!In!the!

long!run,!they!hope!to!cover!all!subjects.!It!is!a!social!company!that!offers!free!and!open!

resources.!Majority!of!their!books!are!translated!by!volunteers!and!they!use!open!sources.!

Content!is!released!under!open!licenses.!So!far!up!to!500,000!entries!are!shown!per!month.!The!

issue!they!are!currently!grappling!with!is!the!quality!of!good!translation.!

!

14.3. Crowdsourcing*video*translations*for*a*global*network*for*health*education*Presenter(s):%Kathleen%Ludewig%Omollo,%University%of%Michigan,%Ann%Arbor,%USA%!

The!presenter!outlined!the!concept!of!crowdsourcing!which!speeds!up!content!creation!and!

ensures!one!gets!collaborators.!It!also!presents!a!scenario!where!one!can!easily!target!the!

audience.!She!presented!on!the!various!videos!on!health!education!material!that!had!been!

translated!using!the!concept!of!crowdsourcing.!The!main!challenge!in!this!concept!was!having!

translation!done!in!time!and!maintaining!the!quality!of!the!content!across!languages.!

!

!

14.4. Discussion*

Lessons*learnt*from*the*models*

• It!is!important!to!seek!to!maintain!the!content!and!language!quality.!

• Time!commitment!can!be!achieved!by!the!volunteers!by!setting!deadlines.!

!

!


• It!is!necessary!to!recruit!volunteers!with!language!expertise.!

• Depending!on!how!technical!the!language!is,!there!exist!a!wide!range!of!open!and!free!

software!that!could!be!utilized.!

• Proofreading,!formatting!and!consistency!in!translating!for!wholeness!is!always!

necessary!

• In!order!to!get!work!done!it!is!good!practice!to!reward!volunteers!and!acknowledge!

their!services.!

! !

!

!


!

15. Session%11:%High%Level%Panel%on%OER%&%MOOCs%*

Chair:*Larry%Cooperman,!President,!OpenCourseWare!Consortium!

!

15.1. Licensing*Open*Educational*Resources*Presenter(s):%Dr.%Ignasi%Labastida,%University%of%Barcelona%and%Creative%Commons,%Spain%*

The!presenter!began!his!presentation!by!sharing!some!current!copyright!situations!in!Spain!

where!3!public!universities!have!been!sued!for!copyright!infringement!with!a!settlement!fine!of!

USD!one!million.!This!illustrated!that!copyright!affects!us!all!in!our!day!to!day!activities.!In!the!

same!way!copyright!laws!restrict!broad!and!free!use!of!educational!resources.!

In!Spain!for!example!one!is!only!allowed!to!use!small!segments!of!someone’s!work.!Currently!

there!is!very!limited!use!of!legal!notice!in!the!web!but!that!actually!means!"full!copyright"!as!

opposed!to!"open'.!The!term!‘share’!can!be!equated!to!‘allow!use’!while!‘open’!may!not!

necessarily!mean!availability.!A!tool!is!needed!in!the!form!of!any!license!to!enable!reHuse!of!

material.!

The!concept!of!Creative!Commons!was!established!more!than!10!years!ago.!MIT!

OPENCOURSEWARE/creative!commons!(cc)!is!a!full!set!of!license!for!authors!who!want!to!share!

their!work.!He!emphasized!the!importance!of!knowing!how!to!choose!a!license.!Wikipedia!has!a!

creative!commons!license!that!allows!commercial!use.!It!is!important!to!show!clear!restriction!

when!applying!creative!commons!licenses.!He!speculated!on!if!a!special!license!for!OER!should!

be!developed.!However,!he!observed!that!in!the!education!world!we!should!always!allow!

derivatives!and!sharing.!In!conclusion!he!emphasized!on!the!need!to!build!and!share!a!new!

educational!ecosystem.!

!

*

15.2. Tufts*University*Commitment*to*Open*Access*and*EBlearning*

Presenter(s):%Diafuka%Saila9Ngita,%VMD,%PhD,%Tufts%Cummings%School%of%Veterinary%Medicine**!

The!presenter!introduced!an!open!initiative!dubbed!Tusk!—!Tufts!University!Sciences!

knowledgebase!(opentusk.org),!implemented!to!assist!in!teaching!and!development!of!courses!

and!curriculum!mapping.!He!highlighted!the!importance!of!accreditation!in!quality!education.!

Tusk!ensures!that!content!is!linked!to!competencies!and!helps!in!accreditation!and!how!a!

program!is!being!managed.!

Sharing!of!materials!improves!quality!of!education!and!faculty!collaboration!is!necessary!across!

institutions!and!between!academia!and!government!entities.!The!OHCEA!university!network!was!

initiated!to!promote!the!concept!of!one!health!and!working!together!for!emerging!diseases.!

!

!


Tufts!can!provide!this!through!deployed!experts,!faulty!collaborations!and!enhancing!academia.!

He!singled!out!an!exchange!Master’s!Program!between!university!of!Lubumbashi!DRC!and!Tufts!

where!both!faculties!were!able!to!collaborate!for!the!benefit!of!students.!

In!conclusion,!he!observed!that!Africa!has!the!ability!to!produce!content!of!value!to!other!

continents!through!eLearning.!

!

*

15.3. The*Open*Strategy*of*Delft*University*of*Technology*Presenter(s):%Willem%Van%Valkenburg,%Delft%University%of%Technology%in%the%Netherlands%!

The!presenter!opened!with!a!quote!from!the!vice!president!of!Education!at!Delft!University!and!

the!initiator!of!the!open!strategy!at!Delft,!that!“Open!and!online!education!allows!people!from!

the!world!access!to!the!top!education!of!TU!Delft.”!He!then!outlined!the!objectives!of!the!open!

education!team!at!Delft!which!includes!publishing!and!managing!high!quality!open!education,!

collaboration!with!national!and!international!partners,!promoting!the!application!of!open!

education!and!to!be!innovative!in!open!education.!

He!then!briefly!mentioned!the!university's!involvement!with!the!OpenCourseWare!(OCW)!

consortium!which!started!in!2007!and!currently!has!120!courses!online!that!are!in!use!and!reH

use!around!the!globe!including!in!developing!countries.!EDx!is!also!a!consortium!of!top!

universities!focused!on!improving!campus!education!with!a!focus!on!open!education,!research!

and!innovation!in!education.!There!are!six!principles!that!MOOCs!need!to!adhere!to,!namely,!

recognizable,!innovative,!inspiring,!understandable!and!reliable.!

In!conclusion!he!outlined!the!University's!strategy!which!is!expected!to!expand!and!diversify!

online!education,!strengthen!collaboration!with!partners!and!adopt!online!modules!for!blended!

learning.!

!

15.4. Georgia*Tech's*OMS*CS:*Smart*Partnerships*Building*Better*Education*

%Presenter(s):%Charles%Isbell,%Senior%Associate%Dean,%Georgia%Institute%of%Technology%!

Dr.!Bell!began!his!presentation!with!the!Institution’s!strategy!to!move!from!MOOCs!(Massive!

Open!Online!Courses)!to!MOODs!(Massive!Open!Online!Degrees).!The!OMS!CS!program!is!an!

affordable!degree!in!Computer!Science.!This!program!had!reduced!in!price!to!6600!USD!from!42!

000!USD.!Georgia!Tech!had!developed!partnerships!with!Udacity!and!AT&T.!The!program!was!

announced!in!May!2003!and!will!run!36!credit!hours!in!12!classes!and!15!specializations.!

!

On!why!the!University!is!venturing!into!MOODs,!the!presenter!stated!that!the!university!felt!it!

was!the!right!time!for!this!effort!to!provide!education!worldwide.!The!faculty!felt!that!there!was!

enough!in!terms!of!quality!experience!and!community!of!people!willing!to!advance!the!efforts.!

!

!


Donors!are!ready!to!fund!and!partner!in!such!initiatives!and!it!is!important!to!reach!out!to!the!IT!

world!for!a!support!infrastructure.!There!has!been!overwhelming!reaction!in!both!positive!and!

negative!with!a!lot!of!controversy!surrounding!MOOCS.!This!is!unchartered!territory!and!there!is!

tremendous!opportunity!to!reach!out!to!the!world.!In!conclusion!he!emphasized!the!importance!

of!building!partnerships!with!universities,!companies!and!other!parties!for!students!to!succeed.!

%15.5. Discussion*!

i. Why*is*it*that*many*digital*resources*including*open*courses*cannot*be*accessed*in*

countries*like*Sudan?*

! A!lot!of!students!cannot!download!from!YouTube.!There!are!limitations!and!restrictions!

in!other!countries!around!the!world.!Videos!may!be!offered!as!pdf!and!lowered!formats.!

To!be!accessible!to!others!around!the!world,!open!educational!resources!should!be!

sensitive!to!restrictions!of!access!experienced!by!other!people!in!the!world.!

!

ii. In*most*African*countries*it*is*difficult*to*develop*an*online*Masters*of*Science*course.*

How*can*African*countries*improve*on*this*issue?*

! It!is!important!to!build!human!resource,!partnerships!and!capacities.!Institutions!can!

also!leverage!open!courseware!movement.!

!

iii. What*is*the*future*of*open*education?*

! Only!7%!of!people!in!Africa!have!access!to!higher!education.!If!there!is!no!dramatic!

change!the!situation!will!be!much!worse.!Global!transition!is!the!next!stage!in!universal!

access!to!higher!education!and!technology!will!drive!the!process.!It!is!only!in!South!

Korea!that!universal!access!to!higher!education!exists.!

! Currently!megaHuniversities!determine!what!quality!education!is.!University!will!have!to!

find!ways!to!explain!to!students!why!it!makes!sense!to!come!to!them!rather!than!take!a!

6000!USD!degree!from!across!the!world.!

!

iv. Women*are*underrepresented*in*computer*science.*Are*there*any*programs*for*

gender*mainstreaming?*

! For!this!program,!the!percentage!of!women!who!have!applied!is!lower!than!on!campus!

percentage.!The!goal!of!the!program!is!to!increase!diversity!in!every!aspect.!Research!

has!shown!that!women!who!enroll!for!advanced!degrees!prefer!MBAs!that!lead!to!

managerial!positions!rather!than!technical!degrees.!

! !

!

!


%

16. Session%12:%Keynote:%The%Online%Revolution:%Education%for%Everyone%%The*Online*Revolution:*Education*for*Everyone!Presenter:%Daphne%Koller,%Stanford%University;%Co9Founder%and%co9CEO,%Coursera%Chair:*Dr.%Mor%SECK,%Manager/Director!Senegal!Distance!Learning!Centre!&!President!of!the!

Association!of!African!Distance!Learning!Centres!

!

This!presentation!was!delivered!by!Daphne!Koller!virtually!through!Skype.!In!her!presentation,!

Daphne!introduced!Coursera!as!an!Online!revolution!started!in!September!2011.!!Initially!it!was!

available!to!only!to!a!small!number!of!people!and!involved!4!universities.!The!network!has!now!

expanded!to!35!of!the!top!60!universities!including!number!one!and!number!two!institutions!in!

the!world.!

The!program!started!with!computer!science!courses!and!has!now!expanded!to!other!courses.!3!

centers!in!Africa!are!in!Juba,!Kakamega!and!Cairo.!Principle!features!of!Coursera!focus!on!autoH

graded!homework!and!exercises,!peer!grading,!creative!assignments,!open!discussions!around!

assignments!and!student!study!groups.!Learning!hubs!have!been!created!all!over!the!world!in!24!

countries!and!across!5!continents.!She!demonstrated!how!the!"signature!track",!a!program!that!

has!a!tracking!software!with!verified!credential!improves!completion!rates!in!most!online!

courses.!

In!conclusion,!she!shared!statements!of!accomplishments!of!students!who!had!initially!been!

unable!to!access!quality!education!but!through!enrolling!Coursera!had!managed!to!accomplish!

their!goals.!

Discussion*

i. How*can*African*countries*create*content*and*be*able*to*develop*their*own*platforms*

instead*of*being*consumers?*

! The!program!can!be!useful!to!complement!with!other!university!courses!for!specific!

local!users!through!collaboration!and!working!with!local!experts.!By!hard!work,!

developing!practical!solutions!and!customizing!the!content.!It!is!also!possible!to!create!

your!own!platform.!

! It!requires!a!lot!time!and!effort!and!there!are!over!30!engineers!working!on!Coursera!in!

the!past!3!years!and!the!university!still!has!a!long!way!to!go.!

! !

!

!


!

17. Day%2:%Summaries%of%Presentations%!

Session+7:+Panel+on+AVU+Multinational+Project+

Chair:*Prof.%Ezra%Maritim,!The!Open!University!of!Tanzania,!AVU!Board!Member! !

17.1. A*brief*on*the*AVU*Multinational*Projects*

Presenter(s):%Ms.%Catherine%Wangeci,%African%Virtual%University%*

The!presenter!gave!a!description!of!phases!I!and!II!of!AVU’s!Multinational!Support!Project.!The!

overall!objective!of!the!Multinational!Support!Project!I!was!to!enhance!capacity!of!the!AVU’s!

Partner!Institutions!to!develop!ICT!assisted!education!and!training!programs!and!was!funded!by!

the!African!Development!Bank!and!UNP!Somalia.!Its!implementation!period!was!from!2005!up!

to!2011!and!a!total!of!10!Partner!Institutions!drawn!from!10!African!countries!benefitted!from!

the!project.!Some!of!the!achievements!of!Phase!I!project!highlighted!were:!(i)!establishment!of!

10!ODeL!Centres!(ii)!development!of!13!three!part!Modules!of!ACEP!in!Portuguese,!French!&!

English!languages!(iii)!developing!of!73!three!part!Modules!of!Teacher!Education!(Maths!&!

Sciences)!in!Portuguese,!French!&!English!languages!at!OER@AVU!(iv)!award!of!597!Scholarships!

(v)!enrolment!of!more!than!4,000!students!and!(vi)!crossHborder!collaboration!via!TE!Virtual!

Consortium.!

!

The!presenter!further!pointed!out!that!the!objective!of!Multinational!Support!Project!II!is!to!

strengthen!the!capacity!of!27!Partnering!Institutions!(PIs)!in!21!African!countries!within!the!AVU!

network!and!the!African!Virtual!University!(AVU)!to!develop,!deliver!and!manage!quality!ICT!

assisted!tertiary!education!and!training!opportunities!in!science!and!technology!programs.!

Funded!by!the!African!development!bank,!it!builds!on!the!Phase!I!project!by!consolidating!its!

gains!and!spreading!its!benefits.!A!total!number!of!27!Partnering!Institutions!(PIs)!in!21!African!

countries!are!beneficiaries.!!Some!of!the!targets!of!Phase!II!of!the!project!are:!(i)!establishment!

or!Upgrade!of!ODeL!Centres!&!internet!connectivity!(ii)!collaboration!of!18!Partnering!

Institutions!in!designing!and!development!of!Applied!Computer!Science!Program!(ACSP)!(iii)!

development!of!a!4!module!selfHlearning!Peace!Management!and!Conflict!Resolution!program,!

as!an!open!program!accessible!to!all!institutions!and!(iv)!other!crossHcutting!activities!such!as!

research!and!development!in!ODeL,!award!of!Scholarships,!OER!sensitization,!holding!of!

workshops,!networking,!as!well!as!revise!and!enhance!Quality!Assurance!framework!.!

!

!

Take*Aways*

!

!


• In!Phase!I,!the!AfDB!funded!Multinational!Support!Project!II!helped!to!strengthen!the!

capacity!of!partner!institutions!notably!in!the!design,!development!and!delivery!of!ICT!

integrated!Teacher!Education!Programs!in!Math!and!Science!and!in!setHup!of!ODeL!

centers!

• In!Phase!II,!the!project!is!being!extended!to!a!new!set!of!partner!institutions!(27)!and!

countries!(21)!to!strengthen!the!capacity,!to!develop,!deliver!and!manage!quality!ICT!

integrated!programs!in!teacher!education,!computer!science!and!offer!professional!

development!modules!in!ODeL!;!and!in!research!and!development.!!

!

17.2. AVU*Phase*1*at*the*Open*University*Tanzania*B*Joint*AVU/OUT*ICT*Basic*Skills*Program*

Presenter(s):%Prof.%Eliphas%Bisanda%DVC%Academic,%Open%University%of%Tanzania%*

The!presenter!began!by!pointing!out!that!OUT!and!AVU!had!a!shared!vision!of!leveraging!the!use!

of!ICTs!in!order!to!expand!access!to!higher!education!in!Tanzania!using!the!ICT!facilities!availed!

to!OUT!by!the!Teacher!Education!programme!as!well!as!the!facilities!available!at!OUT!regional!

centres!and!in!selected!Teachers!College.!The!AVU!and!Partnering!Institutions!(PI)!have!

developed!73!modules!to!enhance!the!teaching!of!science!in!secondary!schools.!Secondary!

school!teachers!have!been!trained!through!a!Training!of!Trainers!(TOT)!program!that!intends!to!

equip!them!with!ICT!skills!in!order!to!be!able!to!use!these!modules,!improve!the!quality!of!

teaching!and!learning!in!secondary!schools,!have!easy!access!to!digital!knowledge,!sustain!

student’s!interest!in!science!subjects!and!also!be!able!to!reach!more!students.!In!addition,!the!

project!aims!at!increasing!enrolment!of!secondary!schools!and!teacher!training!colleges,!

particularly!for!science!subjects,!expanding!education!and!training!opportunities!to!

disadvantaged!groups!and!contribute!to!the!attainment!of!Millennium!Development!Goals!in!

Tanzania.!OUT!program!was!rolled!out!by!the!Open!University!of!Tanzania!working!in!

conjunction!with!the!AVU!and!Ministry!of!Education.!At!the!end!of!the!training,!participants!

agreed!that!they!gained!a!lot!from!the!training.!However,!they!regretted!the!short!duration!of!

training.*

*

Take*Aways*

• Training!period!allocated!may!need!to!be!extended!since!participants!indicated!that!the!

time!was!short.!!

• Topics!that!have!direct!application!to!participants!teaching!career!were!found!very!

useful!and!included!database,!multimedia,!desktop!publishing,!and!practice!of!

integrating!ICT!in!Education.!!

!

17.3. AVU*Phase*1*at*the*University*of*Zimbabwe:*The*AVU*Capacity*Enhancement*Program*

(ACEP)**

!

!


Presenter(s):%Prof.%Chipo%Dyanda,%Pro9Vice%Chancellor,%University%of%Zimbabwe%%The!program!was!designed!to!equip!lecturers!in!skills!of!design!and!delivery.!The!training!was!

necessitated!by!migration!of!science!teachers!to!neighboring!countries!like!Namibia!and!South!

Africa.!A!diverse!team!assists!in!the!implementation!within!the!university!framework.!Cascading!

priority!focused!on!teachers!colleges.!The!greatest!impact!was!felt!in!Bachelor!of!Science!

Mathematics!program.!Partner!institution!teachers!colleges!appreciated!the!program!and!

primary!colleges!have!set!up!ODeL!Centers!as!a!result!of!this!program.!The!lessons!learned!were!

good!grounding!is!important!in!ODeL;!connectivity!is!still!a!challenge;!the!role!of!the!core!team!

is!important!in!implementation!of!the!program;!and!it!is!important!to!include!representatives!of!

various!faculties!to!increase!support.!

Take*Aways*

• Selection!of!core!team!should!be!done!carefully!since!their!role!is!important!in!the!

success!of!implementation.!!

• Representation!from!various!faculties!will!increase!support.!

!

17.4. AVU*Phase*I*at*Universite*Cheikh*Anta*Diop,*Senegal:*The*Teacher*Education*Program**

*Presenter(s):%Ibrahima%Niang,%Universite%Cheikh%Anta%Diop,%Senegal%*

The!project!was!necessary!as!the!impact!of!poor!quality!teaching!was!felt!as!a!result!of!many!

untrained!teachers!at!various!levels!of!education.!AVU!partnered!with!the!university!and!was!

able!to!train!teachers!in!2!phases.!The!program!was!geared!at!putting!in!place!training!tools!for!

teachers,!particularly!in!calculus!and!mathematics.!A!broader!program!resulted!in!phase!2!of!the!

project.!Success!is!based!on!the!governance!and!organization!of!the!program.!A!national!

coordinator!was!assigned!the!task!to!support!the!program.!Most!faculties!from!universities!

made!up!the!implementation!team.!Implementation!cascaded!from!the!trained!teachers!back!to!

the!various!regions!and!institution!where!they!were!based.!More!than!13,000!teachers!have!

been!trained!at!the!national!level,!a!number!that!would!have!taken!the!government!10!years.!

While!the!project!was!initiated!by!AVU!there!was!a!lot!of!government!support.!The!rate!of!

success!was!high!compared!to!previous!training!models.!The!project!increased!the!number!of!

trained!teachers!with!an!85%!success!rate.!ODeL!will!be!put!in!place!in!the!university.!There!will!

be!use!of!integrated!learning!with!both!online!and!face!to!face!teaching!model.!There!will!be!a!

team!of!support!from!government,!technological!experts!and!pedagogical!groups.!Faculty!teams!

will!be!put!in!place!to!develop!ODeL!programs.!!

Take*Aways*

• Government!support!was!a!critical!factor!in!significantly!scaling!the!AVU!Teacher!

Education!program!and!training!more!teachers.!!

!

!


• ODeL!policy!and!capacity!strengthening!needed!for!success!and!sustainability.!!

*

Session+9:+Curriculum/Program+Development++

Chair:*Prof.!Bendita!Donaciano,!Universidade!Pedagogica,!Moçambique!

17.5. Students’*understanding*of*research*as*praxis*in*a*distance*education*postgraduate*programme*

Presenters(s):%Prof%William%Fraser,%University%of%Pretoria%South%Africa%*

The!presenter!pointed!out!that!the!main!purpose!of!the!study!was!to!determine!how!distance!

learners!perceive!research!as!praxis!and!to!understand!how!a!supervised!research!project!can!

be!managed!to!meet!the!requirements!of!the!distance!higher!education.!He!presented!

quantitative!results!of!the!study!that!was!conducted!in!!2011!with!those!sampled!drawn!from!

Gauteng!Province,!Eastern!Cape,!Mpumalanga!Province,!the!Free!State!and!the!Western!Cape!in!

South!Africa.!They!comprised!of!practicing!teachers!and!school!managers!enrolled!for!a!BEd!

programme!in!Education!Management!and!Policy!Studies.!The!study’s!findings!revealed!the!

importance!of!research!for!the!promotion!of!critical!thinking.!It!also!illuminated!other!factors!

such!as!professional!development!through!research,!the!development!of!learners!as!

researchers,!and!teachers’!resistance!and!reservations!towards!research.!Overall,!the!results!

illustrated!how!students!were!introduced!to!research!by!the!managers!and!the!pitfalls!of!such!

an!intervention.!The!presenter!pointed!out!that!despite!students’!understanding!of!research!

praxis,!many!of!them!still!did!poorly!in!research!projects!with!a!likelihood!of!delaying!to!

graduate.!

*

Takeaways*

• Research!is!key!in!critical!thinking,!professional!development!and!development!of!

learners!as!researchers.!

• Many!students!still!do!poorly!in!research!projects!despite!their!understanding!of!

research!praxis.*

*

17.6. Le*locuteur*natif*à*distance,*une*alternative*à*l’assistant*pour*l’apprentissage*autodirigé*des*langues*étrangères*(The*native*speaker,*an*alternative*assistant*to*the*selfB

directed*learning*of*foreign*languages)*

Presenter(s):%Jacinto%Cipriano%Banze%Junior,%Universidade%Pedagógica,%Moçambique%%There!is!currently!difficulty!in!learning!languages!because!in!any!learning!system!there!is!always!

a!primary!role!for!someone!in!the!course.!The!project's!aim!is!to!help!people!to!understand!and!

!

!


learn!the!language!with!the!help!of!native!speakers.!The!presenter!talked!about!a!selfHdirected!

system!of!learning!that!was!established!at!the!Department!of!French!at!the!Teaching!University!

in!Beira,!Mozambique!in!2005!in!which!the!trainees!learned!by!themselves!using!authentic!

documents!and!interacting!with!native!speakers.!He!said!that!since!the!number!of!native!

speakers!in!Beira!is!low,!they!put!in!place!a!distance!conversation!program!with!the!help!of!a!

video!conference!tool!called!Ooovo,!which!looks!like!Skype,!is!free!but!has!more!advantages!as!

you!can!record!discussions!for!more!than!20!minutes.!This!tool!is!however!not!downloadable.!

According!to!the!presenter!this!innovation!was!in!response!to!the!current!demand!for!the!use!of!

ICT!in!educational!systems.!SelfHlearning!alternatives!were!developed!and!these!focused!on!

distance!learning.!Language!assistants!were!involved!and!native!speakers!were!preferred.!

Students!may!learn!alone!with!native!documents!but!need!to!evaluate!learning!and!to!

authenticate!with!local!speakers.!Native!speakers!are!responsible!for!helping!the!learner!with!

support!to!develop!competencies!and!develop!learning!capacity.!There!are!two!rules!in!selfH

learning,!language!format!and!communication!partner.!Native!persons!understand!cultural!

information!and!learn!with!culture.!A!communication!partner!who!is!the!native!person!had!to!

have!interaction!with!learner.!The!presenter!argued!that!analysis!of!data!obtained!from!

broadcast!discussions!allowed!them!to!conclude!that!the!trainers!and!the!native!speakers!were!

able!to!carry!out!their!tasks!in!the!target!language.!Conclusion,!we!may!be!losing!out!on!selfH

training!programs!in!development!of!learning!of!foreign!languages!e.g.!French,!Portuguese,!

English!etc.,!in!future!we!need!to!put!structures!to!develop!video!for!selfHlearning!in!the!

platform!and!improve!interaction,!it!is!important!to!work!with!partners!in!collaboration.!!

*

Takeaways*

• It!is!possible!for!language!learners!to!use!selfHdirected!learning!systems!such!as!Oovo,!a!

videoHconference!tool,!to!interact!with!native!speaker!of!another!language!hence!be!

able!to!learn!without!the!traditional!assistance!from!a!tutor.!!

!

*

13.3* The*design*and*development*of*the*diploma*program*on*social*enterprise*and*

development:*Towards*an*open*learning*policy*

Presenter(s):%Jos.%H.A.N.%Rikers,%Open%Universiteit,%The%Netherlands%&%Alberto%Parise,%Tangaza%University%College,%ISMM,%Kenya%!

The!presenter!explained!that!the!Social!Entrepreneurship!collaboration!project!between!

Tangaza!University!College/ISMM!and!the!Dutch!Open!Universiteit!!focused!on!the!innovation!of!

the!teaching!policy!at!the!Nairobi!based!institution,!with!ISMM!targeting!professionals!

interested!in!the!field!of!social!transformation!for!human!dignity!and!social!justice.!It!is!a!

diploma!designed!to!cater!for!upgrading!informal!sector!entrepreneurs.!!Program!requires!the!

learner!to!write!their!own!business!plan!as!a!parallel!activity.!It!is!transfer!from!theory!to!

practice!in!individual!business.!A!workshop!was!organized!to!identify!a!design!framework!that!

!

!


was!discussed!with!lecturers!for!consensus.!According!to!him,!the!institute!therefore!had!to!

adopt!an!adult!education!concept.!He!further!pointed!out!that!the!project’s!main!objective!was!

to!monitor!the!process!of!curriculum!design!and!development!for!eHlearning!based!materials!for!

one!diploma!program,!as!well!as!to!collect!evidence!and!practical!experience!for!further!policy!

development!and!implementation.!Some!of!the!conclusions!drawn!from!the!project!were!that:!

(i)!shift!to!eHlearning!required!organizational!changes!(ii)!special!attention!was!needed!for!

student!support!and!(iii)!for!staff!training.!He!also!indicated!that!there!was!strong!support!for!

(iv)!the!curriculum!development!ambition,!(v)!the!use!of!ICT!and!MultiHMedia!based!learning,!

(vi)!support!for!the!design!based!on!the!software!EMERGO,!and!(vii)!the!use!of!OER,!although!

not!fully!understood.!

!

Takeaways*

• Shift!to!eHlearning!requires!organizational!changes.!

• Special!attention!is!needed!for!student!support!and!for!staff!training!in!eHlearning.!*

*

+

Session+10:+OER+Crowdsourcing+Panel+Presentation+

Chair*Mary%Lou%Forward,%Executive!Director!OpenCourseWare!Consortium!

17.7. CrossBcultural*crowdsourcing:*A*method*for*sharing*OERs*across*language*barriers*

!Presenter(s):%Griff%Richards%PhD,%African%Virtual%University,%Nairobi,%Kenya%!

The!presenter!pointed!out!that!crowdsourcing!was!vital!to!AVU!as!a!method!for!sharing!OERs!

across!language!barriers.!Although!AVU!supports!postHsecondary!education!in!Africa!in!three!

languages,!English,!French!and!Portuguese,!and!had!73!modules!of!Phase!I!AVU!Multinational!

Project!translated!into!all!the!three!languages,!there!was!need!to!find!a!better!way!to!translate!

AVU!documents!because!the!translation!process!was!very!expensive,!very!slow!and!missed!

nuances!of!scientific!jargon.!The!presenter!proposed!several!possible!ways!of!mitigating!these!

challenges.!He!noted!that!just!like!in!the!case!of!Wikipedia!which!uses!collaborative!writing!

through!volunteers!who!manage!pages,!guard!against!vandalism,!and!create!!content,!AVU!!

could!explore!a!similar!approach!by!having!1%!of!the!AVU!materials!users!to!help!with!

translations!in!order!to!get!better,!faster!translations.!!

The!other!possibility!was!that!of!a!using!a!wiki!community!since!a!lot!of!people!are!able!to!bring!

a!lot!of!expertise.!It!was!also!good!because!of!availability!of!writers,!reviewers!and!translators.!

However,!the!presenter!noted!that!the!use!of!wiki!community!too!had!some!challenges.!For!

instance,!quality!assurance!standards!were!required!and!there!was!need!to!know!how!to!

coordinate!or!direct!efforts!where!required.!He!also!stressed!that!since!translation!can!be!

complex,!it!also!needs!workflows!to!keep!track!of!progress!and!problems.!!

!

!


The!other!option!was!that!of!crowdsourcing.!The!presenter!described!crowdsourcing!as!the!

recruitment!and!coordination!of!pieceHmeal!work!across!the!internet!to!achieve!a!goal.!He!

highlighted!some!of!its!advantages!as!its!ability!to:!(i)!speed!up!content!creation!(ii)!get!clients!

and!collaborators!involved!(iii)!get!target!audience!involved!(iv)!offer!diversity!and!creative!

choice!and!(v)!drive!development!of!scalable!processes.!According!to!the!presenter,!the!

“wisdom!of!crowds”!in!crowdsourcing!promoted!diversity,!independence!of!individual!opinions!

(less!impacted!by!others!in!the!group),!decentralization!and!aggregation.!However,!some!of!the!

issues!in!crowdsourcing!he!said!should!be!addressed!were!the!recruitment!of!the!right!people,!

microHtasking!to!assign!tasks!and!check!redundancy,!and!its!strategic!management!!so!as!to!

build!both!the!community!and!capacity!!in!a!sustainable!way.!He!also!gave!examples!of!previous!

and!present!efforts!of!crowdsourcing!initiatives.!!

The!presentation!concluded!by!outlining!the!following!steps!that!AVU!should!take!in!

crowdsourcing:!(i)!talk!with!others!who!are!working!on!this!already!(ii)!Create!and!Prototype!

technical!structures!(iii)!enable!others!to!use!its!processes!to!expand!the!communities!served!

(iv)!add!analytics!to!highlight!issues!and!to!recognize!the!contributors!and!(v)!look!for!other!

ways!of!using!crowdsourcing!to!build!and!maintain!curricula.!!

!

!

17.8. Volunteer*translation*of*open*textbooks*in*South*Africa*Presenter(s):%%Bridget%Nash,%Siyavula%Education,%Cape%Town,%South%Africa%!

This!presentation!focused!on!Siyavula,!a!social!enterprise!built!on!community,!openness!and!

technology,!which!aimed!at!making!high!quality!educational!resources!available!to!every!learner!

and!teacher!in!South!Africa.!It!used!a!local!version!of!the!open!source!crowdsourcing!translation!

website,!Transifex.!!According!to!the!presenter,!they!had!over!300!volunteers!whom!they!

worked!with!to!translate!books!into!local!South!African!languages!on!Transifex.!!These!

volunteers!were,!honours!students,!Masters!students,!PhD!students,!lecturers,!senior!lecturers,!

educators!and!people!in!industry.!The!presenter!stated!that!whatever!Siyavula!produced!was!

free!and!open!to!the!community.!Some!of!the!advantages!of!community!translation!were!

pointed!out!as!follows:!(i)!translation!could!be!fast!(ii)!community!building!(iii)!the!quality!of!the!

work!was!good!and!(iv)!it!was!costHsaving.!However,!the!presenter!pointed!out!that!the!process!

might!be!slow,!quality!of!translation!of!a!book!chapter!might!differ!and!that!it!sometimes!led!to!

lower!quality!work!depending!on!who!they!worked!with.!

!

17.9. Crowdsourcing*video*translations*for*a*global*network*for*health*education*Presenter(s):%Kathleen%Ludewig%Omollo,%University%of%Michigan,%Ann%Arbor,%USA%!

The!presenter!began!by!underscoring!the!need!to!be!able!to!reach!a!multilingual!international!

audience!in!health!education.!She!gave!the!example!of!African!Health!Open!Educational!

!

!


Resources!(OER)!Network!(coordinated!by!the!University!of!Michigan!and!Saide/OER!Africa!and!

working!in!conjunction!with!several!African!partner!universities)!advanced!health!education!in!

Africa!by!creating!and!promoting!free,!openly!licensed!teaching!materials!created!by!Africans!to!

share!knowledge,!identifying!and!addressing!curriculum!gaps!and!bridging!health!education!

communities.!However,!by!2012!the!challenge!was!that!most!of!the!learning!resources!were!

only!in!English.!According!to!the!presenter,!it!was!in!response!to!this!challenge!that!they!aimed!

to!make!their!materials!available!to!a!wider!audience!of!learners!around!the!world!from!January!

2013!by!way!of!having!them!translated.!In!order!to!achieve!this!they!had!to!contend!with!

several!considerations:!(i)!Policy!(ii)!Social!and!(iii)!Technical.!At!the!policy!level,!there!were!

issues!to!do!with!privacy,!copyright,!resources!and!quality!assurance.!Some!of!the!social!

considerations!included!how!to!select!learning!resource(s)!with!multiHcultural!appeal,!divide!

learning!resource(s)!into!segments,!provide!source!language,!identify!and!recruit!multilingual!

talent.!To!date!this!material!has!been!translated!into!many!languages.!!From!the!Michigan!

experience!the!presenter!concluded!that!CrowdHsourcing!is!a!feasible!option!to!translate!

educational!content,!including!technical!topics!such!as!microbiology,!public!health,!and!

medicine!

!

!

Takeaways*on*OER*Crowdsourcing*Panel*Presentations*

• Crowdsourcing!is!vital!to!AVU!in!sharing!OERs!across!language!barriers.!

• Crowdsourcing!speeds!up!content!creation.!!

• Crowdsourcing!gets!clients!and!collaborators!involved.!!

• Crowdsourcing!gets!target!audience!involved.!

• Crowdsourcing!offers!diversity!and!creative!choice.!

• !Crowdsourcing!drives!development!of!scalable!processes.!

• AVU!should!talk!with!others!who!are!already!working!in!crowdsourcing.!

• AVU!should!create!and!prototype!technical!structures.!

• AVU!should!enable!others!to!use!its!processes!to!expand!the!communities!served.!

• AVU!should!add!analytics!to!highlight!issues!and!to!recognize!the!contributors.!

• AVU!should!look!for!other!ways!of!using!crowdsourcing!to!build!and!maintain!curricula.!!

!

Session+11:+High+Level+Panel+on+OER+&+MOOCs+

*

Chair:*Larry%Cooperman,!President,!OpenCourseWare!Consortium!

!

17.10. Licensing*Open*Educational*Resources*Presenter(s):%Dr.%Ignasi%Labastida,%University%of%Barcelona%and%Creative%Commons,%Spain%*

!

!


The!presenter!began!his!presentation!by!sharing!some!current!copyright!situations!in!Spain!

where!3!public!universities!have!been!sued!for!copyright!infringement!with!a!settlement!fine!of!

USD!one!million.!This!illustrated!that!copyright!affects!us!all!in!our!day!to!day!activities.!In!the!

same!way!copyright!laws!restrict!broad!and!free!use!of!educational!resources.!

In!Spain!for!example!one!is!only!allowed!to!use!small!segments!of!someone’s!work.!Currently!

there!is!very!limited!use!of!legal!notice!in!the!web!but!that!actually!means!"full!copyright"!as!

opposed!to!"open'.!The!term!‘share’!can!be!equated!to!‘allow!use’!while!‘open’!may!not!

necessarily!mean!availability.!A!tool!is!needed!in!the!form!of!any!license!to!enable!reHuse!of!

material.!

The!concept!of!Creative!Commons!was!established!more!than!10!years!ago.!MIT!

OPENCOURSEWARE/creative!commons!(cc)!is!a!full!set!of!license!for!authors!who!want!to!share!

their!work.!He!emphasized!the!importance!of!knowing!how!to!choose!a!license.!Wikipedia!has!a!

creative!commons!license!that!allows!commercial!use.!It!is!important!to!show!clear!restriction!

when!applying!creative!commons!licenses.!He!speculated!on!if!a!special!license!for!OER!should!

be!developed.!However,!he!observed!that!in!the!education!world!we!should!always!allow!

derivatives!and!sharing.!In!conclusion!he!emphasized!on!the!need!to!build!and!share!a!new!

educational!ecosystem.!

Take*Aways*

• The!Internet!and!technology!have!transformed!how!people!learn.!Educational!resources!

are!no!longer!static!and!scarce,!but!digital!and!freely!accessible.!Teachers!and!learners!

everywhere!can!access!worldHclass!materials!and!participate!in!their!creation!and!

evolution.!The!potential!impact!of!digitally!enabled!education!is!huge,!but!is!also!

hindered!by!current!legal!and!technical!restrictions.!Copyright!laws!usually!restrict!a!

broad!free!use!for!educational!purposes,!!

• Creative!Commons!provides!the!tools!necessary!to!overcome!these!restrictions,!opening!

up!educational!resources!so!that!they!are!not!only!accessible,!but!adaptable,!

interoperable!and!discoverable!Hhelping!to!realize!the!full!benefits!of!digitally!enabled!

education.!Read!more!in!Creative!Commons!and!Open!Educational!Resources!(OER).!

!

17.11. Tufts*University*Commitment*to*Open*Access*and*EBlearning*

Presenter(s):%Diafuka%Saila9Ngita,%VMD,%PhD,%Tufts%Cummings%School%of%Veterinary%Medicine**!

The!presenter!introduced!an!open!initiative!dubbed!Tusk!—!Tufts!University!Sciences!

knowledgebase!(opentusk.org),!implemented!to!assist!in!teaching!and!development!of!courses!

and!curriculum!mapping.!He!highlighted!the!importance!of!accreditation!in!quality!education.!

Tusk!ensures!that!content!is!linked!to!competencies!and!helps!in!accreditation!and!how!a!

program!is!being!managed.!

!

!


Sharing!of!materials!improves!quality!of!education!and!faculty!collaboration!is!necessary!across!

institutions!and!between!academia!and!government!entities.!The!OHCEA!university!network!was!

initiated!to!promote!the!concept!of!one!health!and!working!together!for!emerging!diseases.!

Tufts!can!provide!this!through!deployed!experts,!faulty!collaborations!and!enhancing!academia.!

He!singled!out!an!exchange!Master’s!Program!between!university!of!Lubumbashi!DRC!and!Tufts!

where!both!faculties!were!able!to!collaborate!for!the!benefit!of!students.!

In!conclusion,!he!observed!that!Africa!has!the!ability!to!produce!content!of!value!to!other!

continents!through!eLearning.!

Take*Aways*

• Africa!can!produce!content!of!value!to!other!continents!

• EHlearning!can!generate!useful!faculty!collaboration!

• Even!under!current!ICT!limited!infrastructure,!it!is!possible!to!implement!eHlearning!

!

*

17.12. The*Open*Strategy*of*Delft*University*of*Technology*Presenter(s):%Willem%Van%Valkenburg,%Delft%University%of%Technology%in%the%Netherlands%!

The!presenter!opened!with!a!quote!from!the!vice!president!of!Education!at!Delft!University!and!

the!initiator!of!the!open!strategy!at!Delft,!that!“Open!and!online!education!allows!people!from!

the!world!access!to!the!top!education!of!TU!Delft.”!He!then!outlined!the!objectives!of!the!open!

education!team!at!Delft!which!includes!publishing!and!managing!high!quality!open!education,!

collaboration!with!national!and!international!partners,!promoting!the!application!of!open!

education!and!to!be!innovative!in!open!education.!

He!then!briefly!mentioned!the!university's!involvement!with!the!OpenCourseWare!(OCW)!

consortium!which!started!in!2007!and!currently!has!120!courses!online!that!are!in!use!and!reH

use!around!the!globe!including!in!developing!countries.!EDx!is!also!a!consortium!of!top!

universities!focused!on!improving!campus!education!with!a!focus!on!open!education,!research!

and!innovation!in!education.!There!are!six!principles!that!MOOCs!need!to!adhere!to,!namely,!

recognizable,!innovative,!inspiring,!understandable!and!reliable.!

In!conclusion!he!outlined!the!University's!strategy!which!is!expected!to!expand!and!diversify!

online!education,!strengthen!collaboration!with!partners!and!adopt!online!modules!for!blended!

learning.!

Take*Aways*

• The!open!strategy!of!Delft!University!of!Technology!is!to!expand!and!diversify!online!

education,!strengthen!collaboration!with!partners!and!adopt!online!modules!for!

blended!learning.!

!

!


!

17.13. Georgia*Tech's*OMS*CS:*Smart*Partnerships*Building*Better*Education*

%Presenter(s):%Charles%Isbell,%Senior%Associate%Dean,%Georgia%Institute%of%Technology%!

Dr.!Bell!began!his!presentation!with!the!Institution’s!strategy!to!move!from!MOOCs!(Massive!

Open!Online!Courses)!to!MOODs!(Massive!Open!Online!Degrees).!The!OMS!CS!program!is!an!

affordable!degree!in!Computer!Science.!This!program!had!reduced!in!price!to!6600!USD!from!42!

000!USD.!Georgia!Tech!had!developed!partnerships!with!Udacity!and!AT&T.!The!program!was!

announced!in!May!2003!and!will!run!36!credit!hours!in!12!classes!and!15!specializations.!

!

On!why!the!University!is!venturing!into!MOODs,!the!presenter!stated!that!the!university!felt!it!

was!the!right!time!for!this!effort!to!provide!education!worldwide.!The!faculty!felt!that!there!was!

enough!in!terms!of!quality!experience!and!community!of!people!willing!to!advance!the!efforts.!

Donors!are!ready!to!fund!and!partner!in!such!initiatives!and!it!is!important!to!reach!out!to!the!IT!

world!for!a!support!infrastructure.!There!has!been!overwhelming!reaction!in!both!positive!and!

negative!with!a!lot!of!controversy!surrounding!MOOCS.!This!is!unchartered!territory!and!there!is!

tremendous!opportunity!to!reach!out!to!the!world.!In!conclusion!he!emphasized!the!importance!

of!building!partnerships!with!universities,!companies!and!other!parties!for!students!to!succeed.!

%!

Take*Aways*

• MOOCs!as!a!strategy,!can!significantly!lower!the!cost!of!accessing!!a!degree!from!well!

established!programs!as!indicated!in!the!presentation!from!Georgia!Tech!University,!

USA.!Using!MOODs!(Massive!Open!Online!Degrees)!Georgia!Tech!was!able!to!

significantly!lower!the!cost!of!getting!a!master’s!degree!in!Computer!Science.!

!

Session+12:+Keynote:+The+Online+Revolution:+Education+for+Everyone+

%The*Online*Revolution:*Education*for*Everyone!Presenter:%Daphne%Koller,%Stanford%University;%Co9Founder%and%co9CEO,%Coursera%Chair:*Dr.%Mor%SECK,%Manager/Director!Senegal!Distance!Learning!Centre!&!President!of!the!

Association!of!African!Distance!Learning!Centres!

!

This!presentation!was!delivered!by!Daphne!Koller!virtually!through!Skype.!In!her!presentation,!

Daphne!introduced!Coursera!as!an!Online!revolution!started!in!September!2011!with!the!largest!

class!currently!having!400!students.!Initially!it!was!available!to!only!to!a!small!number!of!people!

and!involved!4!universities.!The!network!has!now!expanded!to!35!of!the!top!60!universities!

including!number!one!and!number!two!institutions!in!the!world.!

!

!


The!program!started!with!computer!science!courses!and!has!now!expanded!to!other!courses.!3!

centers!in!Africa!are!in!Juba,!Kakamega!and!Cairo.!Principle!features!of!Coursera!focus!on!autoH

graded!homework!and!exercises,!peer!grading,!creative!assignments,!open!discussions!around!

assignments!and!student!study!groups.!Learning!hubs!have!been!created!all!over!the!world!in!24!

countries!and!across!5!continents.!She!demonstrated!how!the!"signature!track",!a!program!that!

has!a!tracking!software!with!verified!credential!improves!completion!rates!in!most!online!

courses.!

In!conclusion,!she!shared!statements!of!accomplishments!of!students!who!had!initially!been!

unable!to!access!quality!education!but!through!enrolling!Coursera!had!managed!to!accomplish!

their!goals.!

Take+Aways+

• MOOCs!initiatives!like!Cousera!make!it!possible!to!spread!education!from!leading!

universities!like!Stanford!to!students!in!any!country,!from!any!age!group!and!from!any!

walk!of!life,!all!they!need!is!to!have!access!to!the!internet.!!

! !

!

!


!

18. Closing%Ceremony%%!

Closing*Remarks:*Dr.*Atieno*Adala,*AVU*

Dr.!Atieno!Adala!declared!the!conference!a!success!and!commended!everyone!for!having!

contributed!and!participated!in!the!forum.!Presenters!were!requested!to!send!in!their!papers!

for!publication.!She!assured!delegates!that!all!presentations!would!be!uploaded!and!accessible!

online.!

Vote*of*thanks:*Mr.*Stefan*Muller*on*behalf*of*Mr.*Negatu,*African*Development*Bank*

On!behalf!of!the!Regional!Director,!the!AfDB!representative!Mr.!Stefan!Muller,!Lead!Economist!

of!the!African!Development!Bank!thanked!all!delegates!for!their!active!participation!and!stated!

that!AfDB!was!pleased!to!be!part!of!the!process!that!led!to!a!successful!conference.!He!lauded!

the!project!as!important!in!improving!higher!learning!in!Africa.!AfDB!hopes!that!the!delegates!

will!take!back!home!and!implement!the!resolutions!of!the!conference.!This!initiative!is!in!line!

with!AfBD's!10!year!strategy!to!improve!skills!in!technology!and!education!on!the!continent.!In!

conclusion!he!stated!that!Africa's!expanding!ICT!revolution!will!advance!the!eLearning!agenda.!

Vote*of*thanks:*Prof!Felix!Chiedu!Mafiana,*Director*Quality*Assurance*National*Universities*Commission,*Nigeria*

Prof.!Mafiana!expressed!optimism!that!there!would!be!continued!partnerships!with!the!African!

Union!Commission!and!thanked!the!government!of!Kenya!for!hosting!the!AVU!conference!and!

granting!diplomatic!status!to!the!institution.!He!thanked!the!Ministry!of!Education!for!taking!

part!and!sending!their!Director!of!Higher!Education!to!represent!the!cabinet!secretary.!He!

wished!the!country!well!as!they!celebrated!their!50!years!of!independence.!In!recognition!of!the!

Westgate!massacre!he!requested!the!participants!to!observe!one!minute!silence!in!respect!of!

the!victims.!

He!lauded!the!efforts!of!the!AfDB!in!providing!the!financial!support!that!made!the!event!a!

success!and!hoped!for!their!continued!support.!He!thanked!members!of!Board!and!the!AVU!

management!on!the!guidance!received!which!would!go!a!long!way!to!improve!institutions.!He!

appreciated!the!AVU!Rector!and!thanked!him!for!the!capacity!to!galvanize!human!and!material!

resources!in!both!the!AVU!initiative!and!the!conference.!

He!acknowledged!that!problems!of!access!were!highlighted!at!the!beginning!of!the!conference!

in!all!African!countries!and!challenged!governments!to!contend!with!challenges!of!high!demand.!

He!added!that!we!should!embrace!new!technologies!as!they!come.!He!invited!all!partner!

universities!to!make!efforts!on!the!ground!to!help!the!AVU!fly!higher.!Vice!Chancellors!should!

!

!


ensure!the!initiatives!do!not!die.!This!would!depend!on!the!activities!that!they!will!undertake!

going!forward.!

In!conclusion,!he!recognized!the!efforts!of!the!international!partners!from!America,!Europe!and!

Asia!and!thanked!them!for!sharing!experiences!and!invited!all!partners!to!adopt!ideas!that!were!

appropriate!to!their!situation.!

Closing*Remarks:*Bakary!Diallo,!Rector!AVU*

Dr.!Diallo!thanked!the!African!Development!Bank!who!has!a!shared!vision!on!how!to!take!

education!forward!in!Africa!by!focusing!on!science!and!technology.!He!stated!that!it!was!

gratifying!for!AVU!to!see!the!good!attendance!in!the!first!international!Conference!of!AVU.!He!

referred!to!it!as!a!'great!experience'!and!hoped!that!everyone!had!enjoyed!the!forum.!AVU!is!

looking!forward!to!feedback!to!improve!the!next!conference!to!be!held!in!August!2014.!

Since!it!was!the!1st!conference!the!Rector!apologized!for!any!shortcomings!that!may!have!been!

experienced.!He!assured!participants!that!things!will!be!improved!in!the!next!conference.!He!

recognized!the!enormous!work!done!by!Dr.!Adala!in!organizing!the!conference,!a!process!that!

was!very!challenging.!In!conclusion!he!highlighted!the!online!journal!of!the!AVU!that!will!be!

having!several!issues!and!that!proposals!will!be!sought.!It!is!a!peer!reviewed!academic!journal!

and!all!partners!will!be!involved!in!quality!assurance,!specifically!in!partner!countries.!Finally!he!

declared!the!conference!officially!closed.!

*******************************!

! !

!

!


!

!

!

!

!

!

!

VI. Appendices+!

! !

!

!


19. Program:%Outline%Time* PRECONFERENCE*B*WEDNESDAY*20

TH

**NOVEMBER! Venue*

08:30am*B*5:00pm! Registration!! Mara!Ballroom!Foyer!

09:00am*B*04:00pm! Digital!Poster!Display! Mara!Ballroom!Foyer!

08:30am*B*10:30am! Workshops!! Mara!North!&!Loita!!

10:30*B**11:00am! Tea/Coffee!Break! Mara!Ballroom!Foyer!

11:00*–*01:00pm! Workshops! Mara!North!&!Loita!

01:00*B*2:00pm! Lunch! Poolside!

02:00*B*04:00pm! Workshops!! Mara!North!&!Loita!!

04:00*B*04:30pm! Tea/Coffee!Break! Mara!Ballroom!Foyer!

05:00*B*07:00pm! WELCOME*RECEPTION* Mara!North*

* DAY*1***B*THURSDAY*21ST

**NOVEMBER** *

08:00*B*8:30am! Registration! Mara!Ballroom!Foyer!

09:00B*10:30AM* OPENING*CEREMONY**

H Opening!&!Introductions!(Dr.!Atieno!Adala,!

AVU)!

H Welcome!Address!(Dr.!Bakary!Diallo,!Rector,!

AVU)!

H Opening!Remarks!(Mr.!Negatu,!Regional!

Director!AfDB)!

H Opening!Remarks!(African!Union)!

Keynote*Address:*Prof*Jacob*Kaimenyi,*CS,*Ministry*

of*Education,*Kenya*

Plenary*(Mara*Ballroom)*

10:30*B*11:00am! Group!Photo!

Tea/Coffee!Break!

Mara!Ballroom!Foyer!

11:00*B*1:00pm! 3!Concurrent!Presentation!Sessions!H!Morning! Mara!North,!Mara!South,!

Loita!


02:00*B*03:30pm! 3!Concurrent!Presentation!Sessions!H!Afternoon! Mara!North,!Mara!South,!

Loita!


04:00*B*05:00pm! Session!Summary!from!Chairs! Plenary!(Mara!Ballroom)!

06:30*B*10:00pm* RECTOR’S*DINNER** Plenary*(Mara*Ballroom)*

! DAY*2*B*FRIDAY*22ND

**NOVEMBER** *

08:00*B*08:30am! Registration! Ballroom!Foyer!

08:30*B*09:00am! Conference!Announcements!/Housekeeping! Plenary!(Mara!Ballroom)!

09:00*–*10:30am! Panel!on!AVU!Multinational!Project!H!Morning! Plenary!(Mara!Ballroom)!

10:30*B*11:00am! *Tea/Coffee!Break! Mara!Ballroom!Foyer*

11:30am*B*1:00pm! 3!Concurrent!Presentation!Sessions!HMorning! Mara!North,!Mara!South,!

Loita!


02:00*–*03:45pm! Panel!Session!on!OERs!&!MOOCs!–!Afternoon!! Plenary!(Mara!Ballroom)!


04:00*–*05:00pm! Keynote!Address!Daphne!Koller!–!Cousera!! Plenary!(Mara!Ballroom)!

05:00*B*05:30pm* CONFERENCE*CLOSING*CEREMONY* Plenary!(Mara!Ballroom)!

!

!


23. Picture%Gallery%

! !!!!!

!

! !!

!!

!

!

Dr.!Beatrice!Khamati!Njenga,!Head!of!Education!Unit,!African!Union,!addressing!the!delegates!during!the!conference!opening!

!

The!AVU!Rector,!Dr.!Bakary!Diallo,!addressing!the!delegates!during!the!opening!ceremony!of!the!conference!!

Dr.!Atieno!Adala,!AVU!Manager!Research!&!Development!&!

Conference!Chair!addressing!the!delegates!during!the!conference!opening!

Ms.!Fenny!W.S.!Mwakisha,!Director!Higher!Education,!Ministry!of!Education!Science!&!Technology,!Kenya,!addressing!delegates!during!the!conference!opening!

Delegates!taking!part!in!preconference!workshop!

Prof.!James!GlappaPGrossklag!(left),!!Dean!Educational!Technology!College!of!Canyons,!and!Ms.!Kathleen!Ludewig!Omollo,!MSIS!International!Program!Manager,!University!of!Michigan!l,!facilitating!a!preconference!workshop!!

!

!


!

!!!!!!!

!!!!!

Session!chairs!presenting!their!respective!session!summaries!at!the!plenary.!From!left:!Prof.!Makenya!A.H.!Maboko,!Deputy!VicePChancellor!Academic,!University!of!DarPesPsalaam,!Prof.!Aggrey!Abate,!VicePChancellor!University!of!Juba,!Prof.!Amadou!Boureima,!VicePRecteur!chargé!des!affaires!académiques,!Université!Abdou!Mounouni!de!Niamey,!Prof.!Odai!Samuel!Nii,!VicePChancellor,!Kwameh!Nkurumah!University!of!Science!and!Technology,!Prof.!Da!Cruz!Maxim,!1er!VicePRecteur!chargé!des!affaires!académiques!et!de!la!recherche!universitaire!(VRAARU),!Université!d’AbomeyPCalavi,!Dr.!Taye!Tolemariam!Ejeta,!Deputy!VicePChancellor!Research,!Jimma!University!and!Prof.!!Mawuadem!Koku!Amedeker,!AG.!Director!Quality!Assurance!Unit,!University!of!Education,!Winneba,!Ghana!

AVU!Board!Members!introducing!themselves!to!the!delegates!during!the!Rector’s!dinner.!From!left!to!right!are:!Prof.!Ezra!Maritim,!CoPopted!Member!and!Chair!AVU!Finance!Committee,!Dr.!Gerard!Nkuzimana,!Member!and!Representative!for!Central!Africa,!Mr.!Larry!Cooperman,!CoPopted!Member!Representing!Academia,!Prof.!Joseph!Ajienka,!Member,!VicePChancellor!University!of!Port!Harcourt,!Dr.!Bakary!Diallo,!the!AVU!Rector,!Prof.!Aggrey!Abate,!Member,!VicePChancellor!University!of!Juba!and!Prof.!Rogerio!Jose!Uthui,!Chair!of!the!AVU!Board!and!Representative!of!Southern!Africa!

!

!


!

! !!

! !!!

!

! !!!!

! !!

Prof.!Jean!Claude!Omer!Andrianamanana,!Directeur!!Normale!Supérieure!d’Antananarivo!presenting!a!paper!in!a!session!

Dr.!Juma!Hemed!Lungo,!lecturer!University!of!DarPesPsalaam,!presenting!a!paper!

Mr.!John!Kandiri!(left),!lecturer!Kenyatta!University,!in!a!

discussion!with!other!conference!participants!

Prof.!Maxime!Da!Cruz,!VicePRecteur!chargé!des!affaires!académiques!et!de!la!recherche!universitaire,!Université!d’AbomeyPCalavi,!Benin,!keenly!following!conference!proceedings!

Dr.!Omar!Jah,!Deputy!VicePChancellor,!Administration!and!Finance,!University!of!the!Gambia,!chatting!with!a!delegate!during!tea!break!

Dr.!Taye!Tolemariam!Ejeta,!Deputy!VicePChancellor!Research,!Jimma!University,!chairing!a!conference!session!

!

!


! !

! !!!!

!

! !

! !!!!

!!

!

Dr.!Elias!Kaphesi,!lecturer!University!of!MalawiPThe!Polytechnic!presenting!a!paper!in!a!session!

Prof.!Ezra!Maritim!(right)!&!Prof!Abate,!AVU!Board!Members,!listening!to!presentations!

Mr.!Franklin!Mutahakana,!Senior!!Program!Officer,!African!Capacity!Building!Foundation!(ACBF),!presenting!a!paper!

The!Chair!AVU!Board,!Prof.!Rogerio!Jose!Uthui!(center)!flanked!by!the!AVU!Rector,!Dr.!Bakary!Diallo!at!conference!opening!

Ms.!Fenny!W.S.!Mwakisha,!Director!Higher!Education,!Ministry!of!Education!Science!&!Technology!(left),!Dr.!Beatrice!Khamati!Njenga,!Head!of!Education!Unit,!African!Union!and!the!AVU!Rector,!Dr.!Bakary!Diallo!sharing!a!light!moment!

Prof.!Aggrey!Abate!(left),!VicePChancellor!University!of!Juba,!chairing!a!session.!On!his!left!are!Mr.!Joel!S.!Mtebe,!lecturer,!University!of!DarPesPsalaam!and!Ms.!Zamzam!Ibrahim!Nyandara,!lecturer,!the!Open!University!of!Tanzania!

!

!

!


!

! !!

!!!

!

!!

!

!

!!!

!

!

Prof.!Amadou!Boureima,!VicePRecteur!chargé!des!affaires!académiques,!Université!Mounouni!de!Niamey,!charing!a!conference!session!

Mr.!Willem!Van!Valkenburg!(left),!Director!Open!Education,!Delft!University!of!Technology,!listening!to!presentations!and!Prof!Faisal!Mohamed!Elhag,!VicePChancellor!Open!University!of!Sudan!and!Representative!for!Northern!Africa!in!the!AVU!Board,!listening!to!presentations!

Dr.!Craig!Montgomerie!(left),!Professor!Emeritus,!University!of!Alberta,!Dr.!Griff!Richards,!AVU!Manager!Educational!Technology!&!Learning!Resources!and!Catherine!WangeciPThuo,!AVU!Project!Manager!MNP!II,!during!a!session!break!

!

Ms.!Bona!Mandera!(left),!lecturer!the!Virtual!University!of!Uganda!!and!!Ms.!Brenda!Mallinson,!Programme!Specialist!Learning!Technologies,!South!African!Institute!for!Distance!Education!(SIDE)!answering!questions!from!delegates!after!presenting!a!paper!

Delegates!!at!the!AVU!Rector’s!Gala!!dinner! Quitta!Ngoma!band!entertaining!the!delegates!during!the!Rector’s!dinner!

!

!


!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

The!AVU!Rector,!Dr.!Bakary!Diallo,!AVU!Board!Members!and!delegates!pose!for!a!group!photo!

Delegates!listening!to!presentations!in!one!of!the!plenary!sessions!

!

!


!

!

!

!

Chief!Guest,!Mr.!Stefan!Muller,!Lead!Economist!African!development!Bank!(center)!flanked!by!!The!AVU!Rector,!Dr.!Bakary!Diallo!(seated!left)!and!Prof.!Mafiana!Chiedu!Felix,!Director!Quality!Assurance,!National!Universities!Commission,!Nigeria!(right)!at!conference!closing!ceremony!!

Prof.!Mafiana!Chiedu!Felix,!Director!Quality!Assurance,!National!Universities!Commission,!Nigeria,!giving!a!vote!of!thanks!at!conference!closing!ceremony!

!

!


!

!

!

!

!

! !

Delegates!sampling!delicacies!during!AVU!welcome!reception!

AVU%staff%introducing%themselves%at%the%welcome%reception.%From%left%to%right%are:%James%Wachira,%ICT%Assistant%Anglophone,%Tabitha%Wadegu,%Receptionist%Headquarters,%Julius%Abwao,%Administrative%Assistant,%Beverly%Isanjiri,%Human%Resources%Officer,%Alex%Malome,%Procurement%Officer,%Tom%Ojwang’,%Program%Officer,%Research,%Marilena%Cabral,%Manager%Academic%Programs,%Beldina%Shitandi,%Manager%Finance%&%Administration,%Atieno%Adala,%Manager%Research%and%Development,%Dominique%Diedhiou,%Manager%Information%Technology%and%Pape%Ndoye,%ICT%Program%Officer%Francophone%(Dakar%office)%%

!

!


%

24. Terms%of%Reference%for%2013%1st%International%Conference%of%the%AVU%!

INTRODUCTION!

The! African! Virtual! University! (AVU)! www.avu.org! ! is! a! Pan! African! Intergovernmental!

Organization! established! by! charter! with! the! mandate! of! significantly! increasing! access! to!

quality!higher!education!and!training!through!the!innovative!use!of!information!communication!

technologies.!A!Charter,!establishing! the!AVU!as!an! Intergovernmental!Organization,!has!been!

signed! so! far! by! eighteen! (18)! African! Governments! P! Kenya,! Senegal,!Mauritania,!Mali,! Cote!

d’Ivoire,! Tanzania,! Mozambique,! Democratic! Republic! of! Congo,! Benin,! Ghana,! Republic! of!

Guinea,!Burkina!Faso,!Niger,!South!Sudan,!Sudan,!The!Gambia,!GuineaPBissau,!and!Nigeria.!The!

AVU!has! its!headquarters! in!Nairobi,! Kenya!and!a!Regional!office! in!Dakar! Senegal!with!HostP

Country!Agreements!and!Diplomatic!Status!with!the!two!governments.!

!

The!AVU!Business!Plan!200932014!has!two!main!thrusts:! (a)!Educational+and+support+services;!and! (b)!development+ services.! The+ development+ services! aims! at! building! the! capacity! of! AVU!

Partner!Institutions!(PIs)!with!an!objective!of!increasing!access!to!quality!education!through!the!

following! activities:! updating! and! developing! content;! Open! Educational! Resources! (OER)!

Development;! AVU! Capacity! Enhancement! Program! (ACEP);! set! up/upgrade! ODeL! centers;!

developing! professional! networks! through! Communities! of! Practices;! Research! and!

Development;!and!Quality!Evaluation!and!Benchmarking.!

Some! of! the! development! services! were! delivered! from! 2005! to! 2011! through! the! AVU!

Multinational!Project!I,!funded!by!the!African!Development!Bank!(AfDB)!and!implemented!in!10!

African!countries.!!

The! AfDB! is! funding! a! second! phase! of! the!Multinational! Project!which!will! build! on! the! first!

phase!and!will! extend! its! benefits! to!more! countries.! The!AVU!Multinational! Project! II!will! be!

implemented!in!27!AVU!Partner!Institutions!in!21!countries.!One!of!the!activities!of!the!project!

is!the!implementation!of!the!AVU!Research!and!Development!agenda.!!!

The! AVU! General! Assembly! held! in! 2010! recommended! that! AVU! implement! research! and!

development!as!part!of!its!main!activities.!It!was!therefore!important!for!the!AVU!to!launch!its!

research! and! activities! within! the! framework! of! the! Multinational! Project! II.! The! focus! for!

research! and! development! will! include:! (i)! curriculum! design! and! content! development;! (ii)!

program! delivery;! (iii)! open! distance! &! eLearning! as! mean! to! increase! access! to! quality!

education;! (iv)! science! and! technology! education! in! Africa;! (v)! educational! policies;! (vi)!

integration! of! ICT! in! Education;! (vii)! mobile! learning;! (vii)! gender! &! education,! especially! in!

!

!


science! &! technology;! and! (viii)! open! educational! resources.! ! An! online! open! peer! reviewed!

journal!will!be!launched.!!!

A. THE!1ST!INTERNATIONAL!CONFERENCE!OF!THE!AVU!!

The! theme! for! the!1st! International!Conference!of! the!AVU! is! Integrating+eLearning+and+Open+Education+to+Increase+Access+to+Quality+Education+and+Training+in+Africa.!See!call!for!papers!for!an! expanded! list! of! subPthemes.! Proposal! submissions! should! consider! the! challenges! and/or!

opportunities!that!the!integration!of!eLearning!and!Open!Education!afford!to!increase!access!to!

quality!education!and!training.!!

• Dates:!November!20P22nd!2013!• Location:!Nairobi,!Kenya!• Venue:!Hotel!Intercontinental!Nairobi!

!

B. CONFERENCE!OBJECTIVES!The!AVU!annual!conference!is!part!of!the!broader!AVU!research!and!development!

agenda.!This!1st!conference!seeks!to:!

• Provide!a!forum!for!scholars!and!academics!across!the!African!continent!and!globally!to!debate!and!exchange!ideas!on!research,!practice!and!policy!issues!presented!on!the!theme!and!subthemes!of!the!conference.!

• Engage!with!administrators!of!participating!institutions,!notably!DVCs!academics!or!their!chosen!representative!by!having!them!attend!the!conference.!

• Engage!with!the!ministries!by!having!them!send!AVU!National!Coordinators!to!attend!the!conference.!

• Disseminate!and!share!abstracts!of!accepted!proposals!by!publishing!in!the!conference!proceedings.!!

• Identify!scholars!whose!research!aligns!with!the!AVU’s!R&D!agenda.!!• Identify!potential!submissions!and!reviewers!for!the!upcoming!AVU!online!journal.!!• Develop!systems!and!procedures!for!the!2nd!and!subsequent!AVU!conferences.!

!

C. REGISTRATION!• Open!to!one!and!all!registered!participants!including!researchers,!academics,!

industry,!students!etc.!!!o Early!Bird!–!USD$255!(until!October!22nd!2013)!o After!October!22nd!&!Onsite!Registration!USD$295!o PrePconference!workshop:!!Kenya!residents!KSHS!1,200;!NonPresidents:!

USD$12!!

D. HOTELS!• Conference!Venue:!Hotel!Intercontinental!

!

!

!


E. SPONSORS!&!EXHIBITS!• To!be!determined!in!due!course!

!F. AVU!2013!CONFERENCE!COMMITTEE!

A!committee!was!set!up!to!oversee!the!planning!of!the!conference.!The!members!

include:!!

1.! Dr.!Bakary!Diallo!P!Chair!

2.! Dr.!Adala!P!Coordinator!

3.! Ms.!Beldina!Shitandi!P!Member!

4.! Ms.!Philise!Rasugu!P!Member!

5.! Ms.!Catherine!Wangeci!P!Member!

6.! Mr.!Godwin!Muhwezi!P!Member!

7.! Dr.!Richards!Griff!P!Member!

8.! Dr.!Therezinha!Fernandes!P!Member!

9.! Mr.!Dominique!Didhieou!–!Member!

!

The!above!list!of!committee!members!was!officially!adopted.!!

! !

!

!


25. Call%for%Proposals%!Call!for!Proposals!–!2013!1st!International!Conference!of!the!AVU!!Theme:!Integrating!eLearning!and!Open!Education!to!Increase!Access!to!Quality!Education!and!Training!in!Africa!Dates:!November!20P22,!2013!City:!Nairobi,!Kenya!Venue:!TBA!!!Thematic!Areas!

Proposed!topics!should!consider!the!opportunities!and/or!challenges!of!the!integration!of!eLearning!and!Open!Education!to!increase!access!to!quality!education!and!training.!Preferred!topics!can!be!drawn!from,!but!is!not!limited!to!the!following!thematic!areas:!

1. Open!Education:!issues!including!Open!Educational!Resources!(OERs)!and!Massive!Open!Online!Courses!(MOOCs)!

2. Infrastructure!&!Access:!issues!including!access!to!open!and!eLearning!content,!learning!centers,!mobile!learning,!delivery!technologies,!Internet!connectivity!etc.!

3. Accreditation!and!Quality!Assurance!4. Management!and!Delivery!of!open,!distance!and!eLearning!courses!and!programs:!

issues!including!leadership,!policy,!strategy,!administration,!financing,!recruitment!&!retention!of!students,!academic!programs!delivery!&!management,!technology,!learner!support!and!faculty!development,!gender!issues!etc.!

5. Content:!Issues!in!curriculum!design,!development!&!delivery,!including!in!the!following!areas!Science,!Technology!Engineering!&!Math!(STEM)!Education,!Teacher!Education,!Computer!Science!and!Peace!&!Conflict!Studies!etc.!

6. Gender:!Issues!in!Science,!Technology!Engineering!&!Math!(STEM)!Education!7. Design:!design!of!instruction!for!various!teaching!and!learning!scenarios!including!online!

and!blended!formal!courses,!selfPdirected,!studentPcentered!learning,!problem!based!learning,!collaborative!learning!etc.!

8. Assessment!and!Evaluation:!online!assessment,!EPportfolios,!facePtoPface!assessment,!recognition!of!prior!learning,!learning!analytics,!etc.!

9. Emerging!media!and!technologies:!including!in!mobile!learning,!flipped!classrooms,!3PD!printing!etc.!

10. Strengthening!institutional!capacity!for!sustainable!eLearning!!!Important!Dates:!

• Call!for!submissions!opens:!19th!April!2013!• Deadline!for!submissions:!27th!June!2013!([email protected])!• Feedback!to!participants:!31st!!July!2013!• Final!submission!of!full!papers:!15th!September!2013!

!!Proposal!Categories!

Proposals!can!be!submitted!in!any!of!the!following!categories:!

!

!


• Individual!Paper:!Individual!papers!provide!an!opportunity!to!share!quality!and!original!research.!These!may!feature!research!studies,!evaluations,!significant!reviews,!developments!or!projects.!

• Group!Panel:!The!panel!sessions!provide!an!opportunity!to!present!on!topics!that!clearly!share!a!central!theme.!Each!panel!will!be!composed!of!a!maximum!of!three!paper!proposals.!

• Poster/Digital!Poster:!The!poster!session!provides!an!opportunity!to!display!information!about!research!in!progress!and!innovative!projects!or!activities!in!an!informal,!interactive!environment.!

• Workshop:!Workshops!contribute!towards!professional!development!and!provide!an!opportunity!to!engage!with!colleagues!and!experts!in!specific!fields,!to!acquire!knowledge,!enhance!skills!and!develop!broader!perspectives.!

!!!All!proposals!should!be!submitted!via!email!to!submissions@avu.org!

!

Submission!Guidelines!for!Proposals!

• The!following!guidelines!apply!to!individual!paper,!group!panel!and!poster!proposals.!You!must!indicate!if!you!want!submission!to!be!considered!for!an!individual!paper,!group!panel!or!poster!session.!

• Proposal!submissions!should!be!2,000!words!or!fewer!in!length!(excluding!references,!tables,!charts,!graphs,!and!figures).!References!should!be!included!(if!applicable)!at!the!end!of!the!paper!and!are!not!included!in!overall!word!count.!

• To!be!considered!for!review,!all!seven!elements!described!below!must!be!addressed!in!the!paper!even!if!the!results,!conclusions,!or!findings!are!not!complete!or!final!at!the!time!of!the!submission.!The!paper!needs!to!address!and!provide!reviewers!with!an!understanding!of!the!results!and!findings!to!date.!The!paper!should!deal!explicitly!with!the!following!elements,!preferably!in!this!order:!

1. Objectives!or!purposes!of!the!paper.!2. Perspective!or!theoretical/conceptual!framework!3. Methods,!techniques,!or!modes!of!inquiry!4. Data!sources,!evidence,!objects,!or!materials!5. Results!and/or!substantiated!conclusions!or!warrants!for!arguments/point!of!

view!6. Scientific!or!scholarly!significance!of!the!study!or!work!7. Relevance!of!the!study!to!the!theme—“!Integrating!eLearning!and!Open!

Education!to!Increase!Access!to!Quality!Education!and!Training!in!Africa”!or!any!of!the!subthemes!of!the!conference.!!

!

Proposal!Submission!Review!and!Selection!Process!

• A!proposal!of!not!more!than!2,000!words!as!per!the!format!described!above!must!be!submitted!along!with!the!abstract.!!

• On!the!cover!page,!include:!o The!author(s)!and!presenter(s)!name,!institutional!affiliation!and!email!address.!o Provide!five!keyword!descriptors!(to!help!in!programming).!

!

!


o An!abstract!of!not!more!than!300!words.!• Proposals!will!be!peer!reviewed!by!at!least!two!experienced!scholars.!To!help!us!ensure!

a!blind!review,!we!request!that!you!do!not!include!any!identifying!information!on!the!actual!body!of!the!paper;!this!should!be!limited!to!the!cover!page.!

• Proposal!submissions!that!are!accepted!will!be!published!in!the!conference!proceedings!and!will!also!be!considered!for!publication!in!the!upcoming!online!journal!of!the!AVU!with!the!consent!of!the!author.!

!Submission!Guidelines!for!a!Workshop!

Submissions!for!workshop!proposal!should!include!the!following!information:!1. On!not!more!than!2!pages,!describe!the!objectives!of!the!workshop,!the!target!

audience,!instructional!goals,!and!activities!planned!for!the!workshop.!2. Provide!a!list!of!the!names!and!institutional!affiliations!of!workshop!presenters.!3. Provide!a!list!of!equipment!or!room!set!up!requirements.!

!Send!all!your!queries!relating!to!the!conference!to!submissions@avu.org!!!

!

2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!125!!

!

26. Submissions%Review%Form%Submission!Proposal!Review!Form!

1. Title!of!Proposal:!!

2. Type!of!Proposal:!!(i)!ResearchPbased!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!(ii)!PracticePbased!!!!

3. Submission!Category:!(i)!Paper_______!!!!(ii)!Poster_______!!!!(iii)!Workshop________!!!Review!Criteria! ! !

1. Objectives!or!purposes!of!the!paper!!

Scale! Value!Min:!1!(Not!clear)! !

Max:!5!(Admirably!clear)!

2. Perspective(s)!or!theoretical/conceptual!framework!

Scale! Value!

Min:!1!(Not!articulated)! !Max:!5!(Well!articulated)!

3. Methods,!techniques,!or!modes!of!inquiry!!

Scale! Value!Min:!1!(Well!executed)! !Max:!5!(Not!well!executed)!

4. Data!sources,!evidence,!objects,!or!materials! Scale! Value!Min:!1!(Inappropriate)! !Max:!5!(Appropriate)!

5. Results!and/or!substantiated!conclusions!or!warrants!for!arguments/point!of!view!

Scale! Value!Min:!1!(Ungrounded)! !Max:!5!(WellPgrounded)!

6. Significance!of!the!study!or!work!!

Scale! Value!Min:!1!(Routine)! !Max:!5!(Highly!original)!

7. Relevance!of!the!proposal!to!the!theme!(s)!of!the!conference!!

Scale! Value!Min:!1!(Not!relevant)! !Max:!5!(Highly!relevant)!

8. Quality!of!Writing/Organization! Scale! Value!Min:!1!(Not!well!organized)! !Max:!5!(Well!organized)!

9. Overall!Recommendation! Scale! Value!Min:!1!(Can’t!recommend)! !Max:!5!(Highly!Recommend)! !

10. TOTAL!SCORE!(out!of!45)! ! !! ! !

11. Reviewer!Confidence! Scale!! Value!! Min:!1!(Not!confident)!!! !! Min:!1!Max:!5!(Confident)! !!!

%

%

!!

!


%

27. Checklist%for%Preparing%your%Final%Abstract%!

The!abstract+is!intended!to!capture!the!interest!of!the!potential!audience.!In!a!sense!it!is!the!selling!document!for!your!presentation/paper.!If!the!abstract!is!poorly!written!then!it!will!not!encourage!interest!in!your!work.!!It!is!important!therefore!to!ensure!that!you!take!the!time!to!

prepare!a!good!abstract!that!is!representative!of!your!proposed!paper/presentation.!!

! The!abstract!should!engage!the!reader!by!telling!him/her!what!your!paper/presentation!

is!about!and!why!they!should!be!interested!in!your!topic!and!attend!your!presentation.!!

! The!abstract+should!not!include!diagrams!and!in!general!references!are!not!required!in!

the!abstract.!!! In!preparing!your!final!abstract,!be!sure!to!take!into!consideration!the!reviewers’!

feedback!of!the!proposal!you!originally!submitted.!

! The!following!checklist!below!has!provided!to!help!you!prepare!your!abstract!for!

inclusion!in!the!conference!program!

!Use!the!following!103point!checklist!to!help!you!prepare!our!your!abstract.!We!strongly!recommend!that!you!ensure!your!abstract!satisfies!these!points.!

1. Does!the!abstract!succinctly!describe!the!work!to!be!discussed!in!your!conference!

presentation?!

2. Does!your!abstract!engage!the!reader!by!telling!him/her!what!the!conference!

presentation!is!about!and!why!they!should!be!interested?!

3. Have!you!checked!that!your!abstract!is!well!written!in!terms!of!language,!grammar,!

etc.?!The!abstract!you!submit!will!be!used!as!presented,!poorly!formatted!and!written!

abstracts!with!spelling!and!grammatical!errors!will!not!be!included.!!

4. Does!the!title!of!your!abstract!provide!a!good!description!of!your!presentation?!

5. Does!your!abstract!provide!a!succinct!summary!in!one!or!two!sentences!on!each!of!the!

following!elements:!!

• Objectives!or!purposes!of!the!paper.!!

• Perspective!or!theoretical/conceptual!framework!!

• Methods,!techniques,!or!modes!of!inquiry!!

• Data!sources,!evidence,!objects,!or!materials!!

• Results!and/or!substantiated!conclusions!or!warrants!for!arguments/point!of!view!!

• Scientific!or!scholarly!significance!of!the!study!or!work!!

• Relevance!of!the!study!to!the!theme!(or!sub!themes!of!the!conference).!

6. Does!you!abstract!pay!particular!attention!to!the!results!or!findings!as!this!is!the!most!

important!part!of!your!paper/presentation.!The!findings/results!of!your!study/work!will!

be!of!particular!interest!to!the!readers/audience!so!make!sure!this!is!succinctly!captured!

in!your!abstract.!

7. Does!the!abstract!capture!the!significance/value!of!your!study/findings?!!

8. Does!the!abstract!take!into!consideration!reviewer!feedback!of!your!proposal?!!

!


9. Does!your!abstract!conform!to!the!word!limit!of!minimum!300!to!maximum!500!words?!!

In!other!words,!you!have!to!use!the!300!word!minimum!but!not!go!over!the!limit!of!500!

words.!

10. Have!you!provided!up!to!5!keywords!or!phrases!that!closely!reflect!the!content!of!your!paper?!!

*!Authors!who!do!not!follow!these!guidelines!are!likely!to!have!their!abstracts!excluded!from!the!conference!program!! !

!


%

28. Preparing%Your%Presentation%for%the%Conference%!

Guidelines)and)Tips%

Below are some tips and guidelines for preparing your presentations. The tips will be especially useful for first time presenters but seasoned presenters will also find these reminders helpful. !

Preparation)Ahead)of)the)Conference)

• Each presenter will have about 15 minutes to make their presentation. As a rule of thumb, 5 minutes of speaking time equals 2-3 pages of typed material.

• Remember a paper delivered orally should be different in style from an article meant to be read in print. It is advisable to use your final paper as a source and prepare an outline from which you present your speech.

• The structure of an oral presentation needs careful thought. Bring out the direction the research or presentation has taken. Place more emphasis on the results and interpretation and avoid spending too much time on techniques. The first few minutes can be used to place the research in some historical and developmental context. Remember the critical times of your speech are the first two minutes and the final one minute.

• Develop an excellent introduction and an insightful and practical conclusion. Remember that sessions are on a tight schedule so plan to adhere to the time limits.

• Present some practical applications of your work. Attendees want to receive both practical applications and theoretical material when they attend a session.

• If you use PowerPoint slides in your presentation, be sure that material can be easily read by those sitting at the back of the room.

• It is advisable not to overcrowd your slides with no more than 6-7 words per line, and no more than 6-7 lines per page.

• To ensure an effective performance, practice your presentation before a small group of supportive colleagues and ask for frank comments.

• Be flexible in preparing your speech, for instance if you have prepared a PowerPoint presentation and the technology fails, have a back-up hard copy of your presentation (We hope this will not be the case).

Presenting)at)the)Conference)

!


• Arrive a few minutes early to meet with the session chair and other presenters. Make sure your presentation has been uploaded and that any audio-visual equipment you are using is working.

• When speaking assume the possibility of hiccups e.g. technology breakdown, so be flexible in preparing your presentation.

• Stay within the allotted time limit when making your presentation. • Stop on time. Remember there are other speakers during this time slot, so be

considerate of their time. • As you speak, establish eye contact with the audience; vary your styles of

presentation. Don't read handouts verbatim when talking. Simply refer to them, but allow participants to be actually involved in developing the outcome.

• Be enthusiastic as you present as your presentation will leave a first impression of your work. If it is positive, then their overall impression of you and your work is reinforced.

• Enjoy yourself as you present your paper! Tip)for)Preparing)Your)Power)Point)Presentation)!

1. Use PowerPoint to prepare your presentation, other software formats (e.g. Prezi may be used as well).

2. Each presenter has about 15 minutes, so consider using 15 slides or less 3. The first slide should include: Presentation title, author names, institution etc 4. The middle slides should try to cover the following elements of your study or

work: o Introduction/Background o Objectives or purpose(s) of the study/practice o Perspective or theoretical/conceptual framework o Methods & data sources o Results/Findings/Outcomes o Implications

" Implications for practice: How can the findings help others (e.g., practitioners, educators, policy makers)?

" Implications for research: Based on the results and/or limitations of this study, what should future studies in this area do?

o Discussion " Identify the most interesting findings and provide an

explanation/rationale. " Why did this study get the results? Is it similar to past research?

Can theory explain the findings? Is there something about this data collection that made the results different?

o Key references o Acknowledgments (as applicable)

!


Consent By submitting an abstract and presentation to this conference, you are giving permission for your abstract & presentation to be made available on the internet and accessible to the general public. !

! %

!


%

29. Session%Chair%Guidelines%!

Guidelines)and)Responsibilities)for)Being)an)Effective)Chair% The following guidelines and responsibilities have been prepared to help the Chairs ensure the success of each session. The responsibilities of the Chair include:

1. To read the abstract or full paper before the conference session and prepare an outline ahead of time about each proposal.

2. To announce the name of the session, welcome everyone, and briefly introduce each speaker.

3. To ensure that the session moves along in a timely manner and that all presenters are given equal time to present their paper. Keep each speaker to the specified time limit (15 minutes for each speaker). After each speaker has presented, about 20-30 minutes should be given for questions and discussion.

4. To take about 5 minutes to outline issues for elaboration and discussion. Highlight any significant issues noted in the papers. If applicable, establish the connections between papers in a session.

5. Open the floor to the audience, and allow enough time for the audience to ask questions. Repeat questions from the audience so that everyone can hear the question.

6. Have one key question ready from each presentation so that every presenter is asked at least one question.

7. Summarize and present “take-away” suggestions and any interesting insights from the session for the audience.

8. Prepare a write-up on these insights that can be to be shared later at the plenary. A rapporteur will be on hand if needed to help you write-up your points and insights.

! %

!


%

30. Participants%Remarks%!PARTICIPANTS’!REMARKS!ON!2013!1ST!INTERNATIONAL!CONFERENCE!OF!THE!AVU!!!!“Thank you for accepting my submission and sponsoring my participation. I would not have made it on my own. It was a great occasion for me indeed. I learned a lot in the sharing and thought that for a beginning there was adequate seriousness shown in the quality of the presentations: in both the academic and professional sense. If we can all push in this direction, AVU will be able to make a statement on the contributions from the African continent. Thanks for your tireless dedication and commitment that made the conference very memorable to us all. I count myself lucky to have been part of this historic conference.” (Ms.!Bona!I.!Maandera,!Lecturer,!The!Virtual!University!of!Uganda,!Britain)!!!“The%conference%really%gave%me%a%positive%experience%%to%my%career%and%as%an%individual.”%

(Ms.!Zamzam!Ibrahim!Nyandara,!Assistant!Lecturer,!The!Open!University!of!

Tanzania,!Tanzania)!!!

“We thank you so much for giving us a chance to

learn, listen and exchange ideas on education issues

freely. The conference was wonderfully organised.” (Dr.!Anne!A.!Assey,!Senior!Lecturer,!University!of!Nairobi,!Kenya)!!!On!behalf!of!Team!Ghana,!let!me!once!again!sound!the!thank!you!clarion!in!all!your!ears.!The!programme!came!out!with!an!international!touch!of!class!and!I!personally!think!it!deserves!an!A++!vote!!

!


With!kind!regards,!Joshua!!

Joshua C. Mallet Consultant, Director / Directeur Centre for National Distance Learning and Open Schooling (CENDLOS) !!

“I want to thank AVU for organising the conference. It provided a

forum to present research work and also network. Thank you, merci beaucoup.” (Mr.!John!Kandiri,!Lecturer,!Kenyatta!University,!Kenya)!!!“Thank you so much again to all of you, for a really wonderful conference experience. To everyone involved in booking my accommodation, flights, transport etc. - thank you, it was perfect and everything ran 100% smoothly.” (Ms.!Bridget!Nash,!Community!Coordinator/Project!Manager,!Siyavula!Education,!South!Africa)!

« ….nous vous remercions également du chaleureux accueil que vous nous avez prodigué, espérons que la prochaine fois serait encore meilleur. » (Dr.!Laurence!Rabotovao!Ramanandraisoa,!Enseignant3chercheur,!Responsable!!Centre!d’éducation,!Université!d’Antananarivo,!Madagascar)!

!


« Certainement que j'ai bien apprécié

le niveau d'organisation et la qualité

des articles scientifiques. La

conférence m'a permis d'échanger avec

d'autres chercheurs expérimentés en

matière de l'enseignement à distance.

Un grand merci pour m'avoir accordé

la permission d'y participer.

J’attends avec beaucoup d'impatience

!


la thématique de la 2ème

conférence. » (Prof.!Banze!Junior!Jacinto!Cipriano,!Chefe!do!Departemento!Central,!Université!Pedagogiqué,!Mozambique)!!!

« C'est avec un réel plaisir que nous avons

participé à la 1ere Conférence de l'UVA.

Ce fut pour nous une occasion de partage et

d'échanges dans le domaine du e-learning en

Afrique. Ce fut une grande réussite tant sur

le plan académique qu'organisationnel. Un

grand merci - l'UVA et à ses agents. » (Dr.!Ndiogou!Ndiaye,!Chercheur,!Expert!e3learning!/!formation!à!distance/!TICE,!UCAD!Dakar,!Senegal)!!

!


%%

31. Conference%Evaluation%!EVALUATION OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE !Table!1:!Quantitative!Evaluation!of!the!Conference!by!average!score!of!attributes!

S/n Attribute Number of Reponses

Frequency of Average Score

(out of 5) Highest

Score (5) Lowest

Score (1)

1. Group work 42 5 3 3.3

2. Conference documentation 47 7 0 3.7

3. Time keeping 48 7 0 3.8

4.

Provision of a forum to debate and exchange ideas on research and policy issues

45 14 0 3.9

5. Pre-conference Workshops 36 11 0 3.9

6. Relevance of presentations 48 13 0 4.0

7. Language interpretation services 48 10 0 4.0

8. Relevance of research papers presented 45 10 0 4.0

9. Poster presentations 22 6 0 4.0

10. Access to Internet 48 15 0 4.1

11. Duration of the workshop 48 15 0 4.1

12. Program - flow of activities 48 13 0 4.1

13. Pre-conference Communication 48 21 0 4.2

14. Meeting the theme of the conference 47 18 0 4.2

15. Workshop Facilitation 48 18 0 4.2

16. Meals 48 30 0 4.5

17. Accommodation 48 34 0 4.7

18. Travel arrangements 48 33 0 4.7

Overall Success 42 16 0 4.2

!


Table!2:!Comments!and!Recommendations!for!possible!consideration!

S/n Attribute Comments Recommendations

1 Papers/Topics and Time

• There were too many topics with inadequate time

• It would be better if there were other papers other than ODeL areas

• Everything seems to be focused on education, little on technology

• The conference program should have been provided with abstracts

• Lengthy presentations were not controlled

• There was no keynote speaker on the Theme. At least a main speaker could have challenged participants, especially beginning institutions on policy, practice and challenges

• The sessions were longer • The timing of submissions,

communication was delayed • It would have been fantastic if a

peer reviewed proceedings could have been an outcome of the conference or publication in a quality of peer reviewed journal

• For someone who has been involved in AVU some topics were too basic

• Needed to have access to all presentations made

• Next time enough/early notice should be given for the presenters to prepare very well

• There is need to provide forum to debate

• Needs serious improvement in movements from one room to the other and timing

• The quality of the papers should be improved

• Session should end at 5:00 so that there is time for exercise and sports, safari tours should be covered by AVU

• Allow 2-3 hours' break • Conference documentation must be sent

by e-mail for all of us • Critical review of the papers by

prominent domain experts • Get an outsider facilitator for the whole

conference. This frees the person from all other logistical issues of the local organization

• Increase time to 3-4 days • Other players such as industry

(Hardware, software, services solutions providers) and private institutions participating in e-learning school should be invited

• Research paper presented should be properly being reviewed and if possible sent to participants before the conference starts

• Conference forms should be categorized into new entrants and older entrants

• Allocate more time for session to discussion on research and policy issues and collaborations

• The Theme should be circulated to institutions far ahead of time and call for papers

• Would recommend more stringent reviews of papers to meet the rigours of research

2 Break-out Sessions & Posters

• There only group work was pre-conference workshop. More during Thursday and Friday would have been good

• Pre-conference workshops, why was it not open to all participants?

• Poster Presentations, many participants were not allowed inside the hall

• Group Work, not actually applicable as only presentation sessions was provided

• Breakout groups were too large making question time short - there could be more sub-themes to serve as breakout sessions

• If possible present live videos

3 Translation, • For the French speakers, the Nil

!


S/n Attribute Comments Recommendations

internet & communication

interpreters were not appropriate • Internet was intermittent, password

could work • Pre-conference communication was

a bit disjointed • The AVU website could not be

accessed at all times

4 Meals and Stipend

• Money paid for dinner is not enough • It would have been helpful to give

out meal slips at start of the day and/or conference instead of right at lunch

• Meals should include local African dishes as much as possible

Commendation

• A lot of ideas and experiences about ODeL have been shared • As first time, conference success was real • Good diversity of presenters, topics and participants • Good topics but not fully expounded • The conference was very useful, orderly and profitable. Well done AVU • Thank you for waving the registration fee • Conference was well-planned and executed

!


%

32. Final%Abstracts%!

Session%1:%%Infrastructure%&%Capacity%

1. The!role!of!photovoltaic!powered!ICT!centres!on!ODL!programmes!in!rural!areas!in!Tanzania!Presenter(s):+Damasen+Ikwaba+Paul+&+Fatma+Ubwa,+The+Open+University+of+Tanzania,+Dar+es+Salaam!

!

Open!and!Distance!Learning!(ODL)!programme!is!considered!one!of!the!most!important!

educational!innovations!of!the!last!century.!ODL!aims!at!increasing!access!to!education!to!those!

who!have!difficulty!in!accessing!it!within!the!mainstream.!The!Open!University!of!Tanzania!

(OUT)!is!the!only!accredited!public!university!that!offers!certificates,!degree!and!nonPdegree!

courses!through!ODL!mode!in!Tanzania!and!beyond.!However,!one!of!the!greatest!challenges!

facing!OUT!is!to!reach!the!unPreached!lager!population!in!rural!areas.!The!use!of!Information!

and!Communication!Technology!(ICT)!has!been!identified!as!one!of!the!most!promising!method!

to!overcome!the!challenges!experienced!by!the!old!modes!of!ODL!delivery.!This!paper!examined!

critical!factors!affecting!ICT!enhanced!ODL!education!in!rural!areas!in!Tanzania!and!found!that!

lack!of!electricity!was!the!leading!factor.!!The!paper!proposed!the!establishment!of!ICT!

Photovoltaic!(PV)!powered!centres!as!a!solution!to!high!initial!cost!of!generating!PV!electricity!in!

rural!areas.!The!ICT!PV!powered!centres!are!intended!to!bridge!the!digital!divide!gap!between!

rural!and!urban!areas!by!providing!access!to!online!information!services!to!OUT!registered!and!

nonPregistered!students!as!well!as!other!rural!community!users.!We!have!also!illustrated!the!

technical!features!of!an!ICT!PV!powered!centre!for!ODL!education!in!rural!areas!and!pointed!out!

its!impacts!on!ICT!enhanced!ODL!programmes!in!rural!areas!without!grid!electricity!in!Tanzania.!

Keywords:!Open!and!Distance!Learning,!Open!University!of!Tanzania,!Information!and!Communication!Technology,!ICT!Photovoltaic!powered!centres,!electricity,!and!rural!area!!

2. !illustration!from!public!sector!management!training!!Presenter(s):+Mr.+Franklin+Mutahakana,+African+Capacity+Building+Foundation+(ACBF)+Harare,+Zimbabwe;+Dr.+Hardson+Kwandayi,+Africa+University+Mutare,+Zimbabwe!

!

Abstract:!Globalization!has!rendered!classrooms!inadequate!as!spaces!for!learning,!and!has!

signalled!the!sometimes!inappropriateness!of!structured!instruction!as!learning!tools,!

particularly!for!adults.!Leveraging!technological!innovations,!to!enhance!the!rate,!breadth!and!

level!of!access!to!education!across!geographical!and!political!boundaries,!transformations!have!

taken!place!in!the!mode!of!delivery!of!education!from!distance!learning!to!ePlearning.!Therefore,!

strengthening!institutional!capacity!for!effective!ePlearning!through!partnerships!is!critical.!Using!

the!partnership!model!between!the!African!Capacity!Building!Foundation!(ACBF)!and!Africa!

!


University!(in!Zimbabwe),!the!paper!demonstrates!how!donor!agencies!and!institutions!of!

higher!learning!can!collaborate!to!strengthen!and!enhance!ePlearning!using!public!sector!

management!training!and!development!as!a!case!study.!The!paper!clearly!shows!how!

institutional!partnership!can!strengthen!institutional!capacity!for!sustainable!ePlearning.!It!

further!outlines!the!modes!of!ePlearning!used!in!the!ACBFPAU!partnership!and!the!strategies!

educational!institutions!can!use!to!enhance!their!use.!The!theoretical!framework!undergirding!

this!paper!is!the!partnership!or!collaborative!model.!The!partnership!model!is!useful!for!

generating!new!ideas,!leveraging!complementary!skills!and!strengths!and!acquiring!resources!

for!a!new!venture.!Overall,!the!study!is!anchored!on!two!themes!of!the!conference!–!increasing!

access!to!quality!education!and!training;!and!strengthening!institutional!capacity!for!sustainable!

ePlearning.!The!study!adopted!a!qualitative!approach!specifically!using!desk!research,!document!

analyses!and!interviews!to!collect!data.!The!findings!of!this!study!show!that!ACBF!and!Africa!

University!have!successfully!implemented!the!partnership!model!of!strengthening!and!

enhancing!ePlearning.!Some!of!the!key!findings!of!the!study!are!that!with!the!support!from!

ACBF,!the!AU!project!managed!to:!Establish!a!strong!ICT!infrastructure!that!offers!!the!required!

hardware!and!software!packages!and!IT!support!to!promote!eP!learning;!Equip!smart!classrooms!

with!state!of!the!art!smart!boards,!projectors!and!instructor!computers;!Provide!internet!

connected!computer!laboratories!for!students;!Offer!unlimited!internet!bandwidth!for!staff!and!

students;!and!Provide!a!Virtual!Classroom!on!a!Moodle!Learning!Management!Platform!which!

facilitates!online!learning!for!both!campus!and!distance!learning!students.!The!paper!concludes!

that!the!partnership!model!is!an!effective!tool!to!expand!and!strengthen!ePlearning!in!

institutions!of!higher!learning.!!

Keywords:!Globalization;!Partnership;!Public!Sector!Management!Training;!Institutional!Capacity!Building;!Sustainability;!e3learning;!Online!Teaching!and!Learning!+!

3. Effective!implementation!of!technology!innovations!in!higher!education!institutions:!A!survey!of!selected!African!universities!!Presenter(s):+John+Kandiri,+Kenyatta+University,+Kenya!

+Abstract:!This!study!endeavored!to!determine!what!causes!some!technology!innovations!to!be!

implemented!effectively!while!others!fail!in!higher!education!institutions.!The!study!was!

motivated!by!the!noted!lack!of!cadence!between!the!belief!in!technology!and!the!poor!

utilization!in!teaching!and!learning.!The!exploratory!study!was!based!on!technology!initiatives!

that!run!between!June!2008!and!June!2012!and!funded!by!Partnership!for!Higher!Education,!

Education!Technology!Initiatives.!The!study!adopted!critical!realism!approach!based!on!

concurrent!mixed!method!approach!in!data!collection!and!analysis.!A!survey!questionnaire!was!

sent!to!all!innovation!initiative!implementers.!Out!of!the!163!targeted!survey!respondents,!105!

usable!replies!were!received!which!was!64.4%!response!rate.!The!study!adopted!variables!

stipulated!by!Weiner,!Lewis!and!Linnan!(2009)!and!Sawang!and!Unsworth!(2011)!which!had!the!

variables:!top!management,!financial!motivation,!organizational!culture.!The!new!model!added!

the!variables:!!project!team,!monitoring!and!evaluation!and!innovation!efficacy.!Quantitative!

data!was!analyzed!using!SPSS!version!17!while!for!qualitative!data.!The!qualitative!analysis!was!

!


used!to!get!deep!into!quantitative!findings.!Qualitative!data!was!collected!using!semiPstructured!

interviews!and!then!transcribed!verbatim.!Analysis!of!qualitative!data!was!done!using!

theoretical!thematic!framework.!Occurrence!of!incongruous!results!between!quantitative!and!

qualitative!findings!yielded!a!more!nuanced!and!comprehensive!understanding!of!poor!

application!of!technology!in!academics.!!The!study!results!confirmed!earlier!studies!on!

implementation!effectiveness!which!showed!that!showed!that!top!management,!financial!

motivation,!organizational!culture,!project!leadership!and!innovation!efficacy!were!significant!in!

implementing!innovation!technologies.!However,!the!study!found!out!that!innovation!adopting!

rather!than!innovation!generating!culture,!ignorance!on!technology!transfer,!lack!of!proper!

framing!of!technology!innovation!and!lack!of!institutional!adoptive!capacity!to!technology!

greatly!hampered!effective!implementation!of!technologies!adopted!in!HEIs.!The!study!

proposed!areas!of!further!research.!

Keywords:!Technology!Adoption!Theories,!Organizational!Theory,!implementation!effectiveness,!Higher!education,!information!and!communication!technologies!++Session%2:%%Open%Educational%Resources%(OER)%Integration%

!4. By!means!of!OER!integration:!An!analysis!of!tutors’!and!learners’!views!of!OER!as!an!

ODL!strategy!for!teaching!and!learning!Presenter(s):+Ezra+Maritim,+Jacqueline+L.+Bundala,+Winfrida+Malingumu,+Open+University+of+Tanzania+Dar+es+Salaam,+Tanzania!

!Abstract:!There!has!been!significant!recent!interest!in!both!conventional!and!ODL!institutions!in!the!use!of!Open!Educational!Resources!(OER)!as!a!strategy!for!teaching!and!learning.!This!paper!

reports!on!the!findings!from!a!study!conducted!at!the!Open!University!of!Tanzania!on!the!level!

of!use!and!integration!of!OER!in!teaching!and!learning!by!both!the!tutors!and!the!learners.!While!

OER!activities!that!entail!development!of!common!resources!for!use!across!institutions!are!

generally!accepted,!the!findings!of!this!study!indicate!that!tutors!are!yet!to!embed!OER!in!the!

process!of!developing!their!course!materials!and!modules!and!in!this!regard!learners!have!

limited!access!and!awareness!of!the!existence!and!value!of!OER.!!!

5. Challenges!and!instructors’!intention!to!adopt!and!use!open!educational!resources!in!higher!education!in!Tanzania!+Presenter(s):+Joel+S.+Mtebe,+University+of+Dar+es+Salaam,+Tanzania++!

+Abstract:!Higher!education!in!Tanzania!like!in!many!other!developing!countries!suffer!from!

unavailability!of!quality!teaching!and!learning!resources!due!to!lack!of!tradition,!competence,!

and!experience!to!develop!such!resources.!Nevertheless,!there!are!thousands!Open!Educational!

Resources!(OER)!freely!available!in!the!public!domain!that!can!potentially!improve!the!quality!of!

existing!resources,!or!help!to!develop!new!courses.!The!uptake!and!reuse!of!these!resources!in!

Higher!Learning!Institutions!(HLIs)!in!Tanzania!has!been!very!low.!The!study!applied!the!Unified!

Theory!of!Acceptance!and!Use!of!Technology!(UTAUT)!model!to!elicit!instructors’!intention!to!

!


adopt!and!use!OER!in!teaching.!The!paper!also!investigated!challenges!that!hinder!instructors!to!

adopt!and!use!OER.!A!sample!of!104!instructors!from!five!HLIs!was!collected!and!tested!against!

the!research!model!using!regression!analysis.!The!study!found!effort!expectancy!had!significant!

positive!effect!on!instructors’!intention!to!use!OER!while!performance!expectancy,!facilitating!

conditions,!and!social!influence!did!not!have!significant!effect.!Challenges!that!were!found!to!

hinder!instructors!to!adopt!and!use!OER!are!discussed.!The!findings!of!this!study!will!help!those!

who!are!involved!in!OER!implementation!to!find!strategies!to!maximize!OER!adoption!and!usage!

in!higher!education!in!Tanzania.!

Keywords:!Open!Educational!Resources;!eLearning;!OER!in!Tanzania;!OER!+!

6. Students’!awareness!and!their!use!of!African!virtual!open!courseware:!A!case!of!the!Open!University!of!Tanzania!Presenter(s):+Zamzam+I.+Nyandara+&+Janeth+E.+Kigobe,+The+Open+University+of++Tanzania,+Dar+es+Salaam,+Tanzania!

!Abstract:!This!paper!examines!the!awareness,!use!and!acceptance!of!AVU!courseware!materials!

at!the!Open!University!of!Tanzania.!A!total!of!77!questionnaires!were!used!to!gather!information!

from!students!within!two!regional!centers!namely,!Mwanza!and!Dar!es!Salaam,!followed!by!

telephone!interview!among!participants!who!filled!questionnaires!and!willingly!indicated!their!

mobile!phone!numbers!for!more!communication.!Study!population!included!52%!male!and!48%!

female!with!the!composition!age!group!from!20years!to!55!years!.This!is!an!explanatory!study!

which!used!a!cross!sectional!survey!design!with!mixed!methods!of!qualitative!and!quantitative!

data!collection!and!analysis.!Unified!theory!of!acceptance!and!use!of!technology!(UTAUT!model)!

were!employed!in!this!study!to!describe!awareness,!perception!and!usage!of!OER@AVU!

courseware!among!students!of!Open!University!of!Tanzania.!Social!influence!(SI)!and!

performance!expectancy!(PE)!constructs!of!UTAUT!model!found!to!be!most!prominent!predictor!

of!students’!use!and!perception!on!AVU!courseware.!It!was!revealed!that!majority!of!OUT!

students!are!not!aware!of!the!AVU!link!at!the!OUT!website!and!existence!of!AVU!courseware,!

which!means!they!are!not!using!the!platform.!In!addition,!majority!confirmed!to!use!printed!

materials!than!electronic!materials!to!access!learning!content.!Although!those!few!who!

admitted!to!be!aware,!were!are!not!entirely!using!AVU!study!materials!and!hence!not!aware!of!

the!practical!usefulness!or!weaknesses!of!the!AVU!study!material,!even!though!!they!have!

positive!feeling!that!!the!platform!can!be!of!beneficial!to!them.!The!study!pointed!out!issues!of!

high!cost!of!internet,!limited!access!to!computer!and!internet!as!well!as!limited!information!

about!AVU!as!challenges!to!majority!of!students!regarding!the!use!of!online!and!ePlearning!

courseware.!This!paper!concluded!that,!instructors!and!regional!heads!(directors)!should!orient!

learners!on!the!existence,!usefulness!and!usage!of!AVU!study!materials!as!well!as!other!eP

learning!platforms.!More!still,!online!reference!should!be!emphasized!at!grassroots!orientation!

for!all!students!to!encourage!learners’!personal!efforts!to!own!computers!and!other!mobile!

devices!useful!for!reading!those!online!and!ePlearning!materials.!

Keywords:!!AVU,!UTAUT!model,!Open!Education!Resources,!E3learning!)

!


!!

7. Perception!of!executive!board!members!of!African!Council!for!Distance!Education!on!integration!of!open!educational!resources!in!distance!higher!education!institutions!in!Africa.!Presenter(s):+Dr.+Rotimi+Ogidan,+African+Council+for+Distance+Education,+Nairobi,+Kenya!

!Abstract:!Distance!Education!is!confronted!by!many!challenges!among!which!are!issues!of!

expanding!access,!cost!reduction!and!quality!improvement!of!teaching!and!learning!at!a!time!

when!growth!in!higher!education!is!generally!increasing.!In!order!to!confront!these!challenges,!

open!educational!resources!have!been!identified!as!a!strategy!to!adopt!for!cheaper,!easier!

material!production!and!faster!dissemination!of!knowledge.!The!purpose!of!this!study!therefore!

was!to!investigate!the!perception!of!Executive!Board!members!of!African!Council!for!Distance!

Education!on!the!integration!of!open!educational!resources!(OERs)!in!distance!education!with!

the!objective!of!meeting!the!expectation!of!internationalizing!education!and!ensure!that!sharing!

of!materials!is!enhanced!to!promote!quality!in!teaching!and!learning!particularly!in!Africa.!Six!

research!questions!were!drawn!to!investigate!respondents’!perception!of!integration!of!OERs!

into!the!academic!activities!of!distance!education!institutions.!SemiP!structured!interview!

technique!was!employed!to!gather!data.!Result!revealed!that!some!respondents!did!not!

understand!the!details!of!what!OERs!integration!entail.!However,!some!of!them!mentioned!that!

they!were!already!using!OERs!in!their!academic!programmes!for!teaching!and!learning.!Some!

respondents!also!indicated!that!various!seminars!and!lectures!were!held!to!get!staff!understand!

and!familiar!with!use!of!OERs!materials.!The!study!however!revealed!that!challenges!of!

integrating!OERs!revolve!around!lack!of!awareness!of!the!benefits!of!OERs,!and!fears!that!

integrating!OERs!could!make!an!institution!lose!its!autonomy!while!others!expressed!lack!of!

capacity!to!procure!facilities!that!will!enhance!use!of!OERs.!Owing!to!the!benefits!of!integrating!

OERs,!it!was!suggested!that!fora!like!seminars!and!lectures!should!be!organised!and!sustained!to!

sensitise!students!and!lecturers!on!need!for!integration!while!institution!should!also!formulate!

and!implement!policies!that!would!support!sharing!of!OER!materials.!It!was!concluded!that!

integrating!OERs!would!facilitate!easy!access!to!academic!materials!and!promote!the!spirit!of!

collaboration!to!improve!the!quality!of!teaching!and!learning!among!distance!education!

institutions!in!Africa.!!

Keywords:!Distance!Education,!Learner!supports!Service!providers,!Open!Educational!Resources,!Executive!Board!members!of!African!Council!for!Distance!Education,!Free!use!!

!

Session%3:%Distance%Learning%&%ICTs%

8. Student!perception!of!open!and!distance!learning!mode!for!initial!primary!teacher!training!in!Malawi:!A!case!of!Lilongwe!Teachers!College.!Presenter(s):+Grace.+M.+K.+Banda+PhD,+Lilongwe+Teachers+College,+Malawi+&+Elias+Kaphesi+PhD,+University+of+Malawi,+Malawi!

!


!Abstract:!Research!in!perception!of!open!and!distance!learning!has!long!been!of!interest!to!scholars!in!many!parts!of!the!world!and!last!two!decades,!research!on!distance!learning!has!

become!sophisticated,!with!one!important!line!of!enquiry!being!the!development!of!a!

theoretical!model!on!distance!learning.!Most!of!the!research!assessed!the!predictive!validity!of!

distance!learning!or!to!develop!alternative!model!to!study!distance!learning.!These!researches!

focused!on!traditional!and!nonPtraditional!students,!but!few!about!open!and!distance!learning!in!

teacher!education.!Comparatively,!open!and!distance!learning!problem!has!been!a!great!

concern!in!teacher!education!institutions!than!traditional!schools!and!universities.!Open!and!

distance!learning!is!an!important!factor!of!accelerating!human!capital!formation!for!national!

development!in!a!global!knowledge!economy!with!minimum!cost.!This!study!assesses!the!

perceptions!of!ODL!student!teachers!at!Lilongwe!Teachers!College!in!Malawi.!In!order!to!

developing!an!open!and!distance!learning!policy!and!improving!student!learning,!a!

comprehensive!picture!of!the!current!ODL!training!!climate!both!on!site!and!off!campus!ODL!

was!assessed.!Data!was!collected!using!both!questionnaire!and!focus!group!interviews!on!

student!experiences!on!campus!and!off!campus!mode!of!ODL!training.!Findings!of!the!study!

indicated!differences!of!student!perception!on!college!based!and!off!campus!each!with!unique!

challenges!which,!if!unattended!would!compromise!the!ODL!outcome.!Implications!for!policy!

directives!and!improvement!of!support!services!are!also!discussed.!

Keywords:!perception;!open!and!distance!learning,!distance!learning,!open!learning,!teacher!training,!attitude;!flexibility;!self3directed!learning;!conventional!institution;!student!teacher!!!

9. Preparedness!for!digital!learning!of!ODL!students!in!Africa:!Case!of!the!Open!University!of!Tanzani.!+Presenter(s):+E.T.+Bisanda,+The+Open+University+of+Tanzania,+Dar+es+Salaam,+Tanzania!

!Abstract:!The!ICT!revolution!is!having!great!impact!amongst!teachers!and!learners,!where!a!

clear!paradigm!shift,!from!teacher!centred!to!student!centred!learning!is!being!experienced.!The!

shift!from!analogue!(books)!to!digital!media!of!learning!has!been!slow!in!Africa!compared!to!

developed!countries.!Poor!access!to!internet,!lack!of!computing!facilities,!and!poor!power!

supply!in!most!parts!of!Africa!are!considered!to!be!the!main!hindrance!to!Africa’s!digital!

transformation.!!The!Open!University!of!Tanzania!has!since!2011,!reduced!the!distribution!of!

published!hard!copy!materials!to!its!students,!and!instead,!directed!its!students!to!access!OERs!

and!its!own!materials!that!have!been!digitized!and!supplied!to!students!in!the!form!of!CDP

ROMS.!In!this!study,!student!preparedness!in!transforming!to!digital!learning!was!investigated!at!

the!Open!University!of!Tanzania.!!!Eight!out!of!29!examination!centres!in!Tanzania!were!

selected.!!A!questionnaire!was!administered!to!randomly!selected!students!in!these!centres.!!

About!500!students!returned!the!filled!questionnaires.!The!main!parameters!tested!were!their!

ICT!literacy,!their!frequency!of!using!digital!libraries!and!visits!to!the!web,!and!their!access!to!ICT!

gadgets.!Of!the!respondents,!60%!were!male!while!40%!were!female.!This!corresponds!roughly!

to!the!overall!gender!balance!in!the!enrolled!student!population.!The!study!reveals!that!only!

!


4.6%!of!the!students!were!completely!ICT!illiterate,!and!the!majority!has!minimum!knowledge!of!

ICT!which!enables!them!to!visit!access!digital!information.!Moreover,!60%!own!ICT!equipment!

such!as!PCs!and!laptops.!21%!of!the!students!use!mobile!phones!with!internet!access!through!

3G!networks.!!About!44%!of!the!students!asserted!that!the!introduction!of!ICT!mediated!

learning!at!the!Open!University!of!Tanzania!was!a!useful!and!timely!decision,!while!only!1.4%!

thought!it!was!too!early!and!useless.!However,!poor!internet!connectivity!and!high!cost!of!

internet!access!were!cited!as!the!major!constraints!adopting!ICT!in!their!learning.!!The!use!of!ICT!

at!the!Open!University!of!Tanzania!has!had!significant!impact!on!learners,!teachers!and!

management.!For!example!online!registration!for!exams!which!was!introduced!in!2011,!and!

strengthened!in!2012,!has!improved!fee!collection!and!improved!the!management!of!

examinations.!!The!university!webmail!system!connects!all!staff!and!students,!and!student!

complaints!are!handled!directly!by!respective!officers.!Confidence!of!students!has!increased!

significantly!as!more!of!them!discover!existence!of!a!wide!range!of!open!education!resources!

online.!It!is!concluded!that!ICT,!is!greatly!responsible!for!the!growing!reputation,!the!rapidly!

improving!completion!rate!and!increasing!interest!in!ODL,!among!younger!school!leavers,!some!

of!whom!are!transferring!from!conventional!universities!to!the!Open!University!of!Tanzania.!!Keywords:!digital!learning,!ICT!literacy,!internet!access,!online!registration!%!

10. The!potential!of!VLE!in!providing!access!to!quality!education!in!rural!community!schools!–!myth!or!reality.!Presenter(s):+Najim+Ussiph,+PhD+Kwame+Nkrumah+University+of+Science+&+Technology,+Kumasi,+Ghana.!

+Abstract:!This!study!examines!the!use!of!virtual!learning!environment!(VLE)!to!support!teaching!and!learning!in!rural!communities!in!Ghana!by!exploring!a!more!efficient!and!sustainable!means!of!access!to!information!and!communication!technology!for!rural!communities!to!enable!and!empower!them!to!be!able!to!play!a!more!meaningful!role!in!the!Information!Society.!!The!research!environment!is!a!local!community!college!in!a!rural!community!in!Ghana.!Teaching!with!a!learning!management!system,!Moodle!and!a!webPconferencing!application,!WizIQ!were!introduced!in!a!pilot!project.!The!research!method!employed!was!Participatory!Action!Case!Study!method!–!a!new!hybrid!extension!to!the!Action!Case!method!–!developed!in!the!course!of!this!research!in!adaptation!to!peculiar!characteristics!and!constraints!of!the!research!environment.!Research!cycles!were!carefully!planned,!implementation!and!observations!were!made!and!data!collected!using!participant!observations,!interviews,!and!focus!group.!The!impact!of!the!project!was!assessed!within!an!academic!term!with!respect!to!(i)!students’!motivation!/!interest,!(ii)!whether!or!not!there!has!been!improvement!in!academic!performances,!(iii)!ICT!awareness!and!ePliteracy!and!(iv)!enriched!learning!experience.!!A!multiPsystem!pedagogy!was!adapted!for!the!introduced!technologyPmediated!learning.!It!emerged!that!the!level!of!technology!available!was!unable!to!support!content!delivery!using!web!conferencing;!however!participants!were!able!to!take!advantage!of!Moodle!courseware!aspect!to!improve!performance!and!enrich!learning!experience.!!The!technologyPmediated!delivery!of!teaching!and!learning!raised!learners’!motivation,!increased!ePliteracy!level!and!ICT!awareness!of!participants!but!revealed!challenges!that!needed!both!public!and!private!support!if!the!project!is!to!be!sustained!and!for!learners!to!derive!full!benefit!of!the!initiative.!

!


Keywords:!Virtual!Learning!Environment,!VLE,!ICT,!ePliteracy,!Moodle,!WizIQ,!Learning!

Experience!

!

!

Session%4:%Science%Education%&%ICTs%

!11. Intégration!des!TIC!!!dans!l’enseignement!des!sciences!physiques!du!secondaire!:!

Formations!en!présentiel!et!en!ligne!dans!quatre3vingt!lycées!de!Madagascar,!des!Comores,!!du!Sénégalet!de!l’Ile!Maurice.!Presenter(s):+Jean+Claude+Omer+Andrianarimanana,+Ecole+Normale+Supérieure+d’Antananarivo,+Madagascar!

!Abstract:!As!the!title!suggests!this!research!involved!four!countries!of!which!three!are!from!the!

Indian!Ocean!region!and!one!from!West!Africa,!specifically!Senegal.!This!research!involved!80!

secondary!schools!in!these!countries!in!which!270!teachers!took!part.!Overall!the!objective!was!

to!improve!the!quality!of!education!through!the!use!of!ICT.!Inevitably!from!this!there!was!the!

idea!of!developing!ICT!to!repackage!teaching!methods.!All!this!was!supposed!to!be!done!

through!trainings!of!teachers!in!the!use!of!ICT.!At!this!level!there!was!both!internal!and!external!

expertise!for!validation.!The!overall!result!was!that!these!270!teachers!from!80!schools!were!

sensitized!in!the!use!of!ICT.!It!was!noted!that!that!there!was!an!improvement!in!the!quality!of!

teaching!and!the!results!obtained!were!better.!A!series!of!supports!like!CDs,!films!etc.!were!

produced,!tutorial!material!were!made.!The!mastery!of!ICT!was!also!noted.!Student!results!also!

improved!as!they!scored!higher.!!!!

12. Enhancing!access!to!open!science!education!by!integrating!ICT3virtual!labs!and!micro3science!kits!in!Kenya.!Presenter(s):+Ronald+M.+Michieka,+Masinde+Muliro+University+of+Science+&+Technology,+Kenya!

!

Abstract:!The!provision!of!quality!open!science!education!in!developing!countries!such!as!Kenya!has!the!challenge!of!ensuring!that!the!students!are!engaged!in!practical!activities!to!ensure!

development!of!process!and!manipulative!skills.!The!purpose!of!this!study!was!to!design!

Information!Communication!Technology!(ICT)!virtual!learning!activities!and!microPscale!activities!

related!to!volumetric!analysis!in!chemistry!for!form!three!students!in!secondary!schools!in!

Kenya,!and!to!assess!the!learning!performance!of!these!students!after!completing!the!integrated!

activities.!The!study!described!in!this!paper!was!guided!thus!with!both!research!objectives!and!

research!hypotheses.!This!was!based!on!establishing!the!impact!and!effectiveness!of!integrating!

Virtual!laboratories’!activities!and!microPscale!activities!in!the!teaching!and!learning!of!chemistry!

concepts.!This!study!adopted!a!Factorial!research!design!and!approach!to!evaluate!the!concept!

development!of!four!groups!of!students!from!selected!secondary!schools!in!Kakamega!and!

Vihiga!counties,!Kenya.!A!total!number!of!800!forms!three!students!were!exposed!to!the!

!


integrated!activities!and!data!were!analyzed!from!80!subjects!randomly!selected!after!

completing!a!threePweek!exposure.!In!the!three!week!exposure!the!students!were!taught!

volumetric!analysis!in!which!case!three!schools!were!experimental!and!one!control.!One!of!the!

experimental!schools!had!integrated!classes,!while!the!other!two!had!each!virtual!laboratory!

alone!and!the!other!micro!scale!alone.!The!integrated!class!had!a!higher!achievement!followed!

by!the!microPscale!and!then!the!virtual!laboratory!alone.!Aided!by!descriptive!and!inferential!

statistics,!we!investigate!the!processes!of!the!students’!chemistry!learning!as!evident!in!

performance!scores,!the!effectiveness!of!the!treatment!and!their!attitudes!towards!chemistry.!

The!result!analyses!verify!that!ICTPintegrated!virtual!labs!and!MicroPscience!kits!

(Microchemistry)!had!a!more!significant!effect!on!the!students’!learning!performance!such!that!

the!students’!average!performance!on!the!prePtest!M=11.75!!!and!postPtest!M=!22.65!based!on!

the!Volumetric!Analysis!Tests(VAT).!The!inferential!statistic!{F!(39)!=275.546,!p=0.001};!students!

acquired!a!better!understanding!of!targeted!volumetric!analysis!concepts!during!integrated!

representation.!Therefore,!by!integrating!the!use!of!virtual!laboratories!and!microPscale!

activities!the!open!learner!will!be!able!to!do!science!hence!improving!access!to!open!science!

education.!!

Keywords:!chemistry,!virtual!lab,!Micro3science!kit,!factorial!research!design!and!approach,!learning!performance!!!

13. Conception!et!suivi3évaluation!de!cours!de!formation!à!distance!en!biologie!et!éducation!environnementale:!Vers!un!modèle!harmonisé!(Design,!monitoring!and!evaluation!of!distance!learning!in!biology!and!environmental!education:!toward!a!harmonized!model).!Presenter(s):+Mamadou+Sarr,+Universite+Cheikh+Anta+Diop,+FASTEF,+Senegal!

!

Abstract:!Since!2008,!FASTEF!is!using!actively!ePlearning!solutions!to!solve!teachers’!training!problems!in!Senegal,!first!with!the!guidance!and!support!of!the!African!Virtual!University!(AVU),!

then!with!the!implementation!of!a!training!program!supported!by!the!Senegalese!Government!

of!more!than!13,000!teachers!teaching!in!high!schools!and!secondary!schools.!Other!

experiments!are!underway!at!UCAD,!in!several!faculties,!schools!and!Institutes.!UCAD!is!also!one!

of!the!27!partner!institutions!of!the!AVU!engaged!in!a!joint!program.!This!induces!new!

paradigms,!new!challenges!in!terms!of!harmonization!of!programs!and!approaches!to!eP

learning,!quality,!achieving!international!standards!and!a!common!desire!to!walk!together.!

Scripting!course!and!putting!them!online!require!the!respect!of!some!criteria!that!are!not!always!

followed!in!some!distance!learning!platforms!we!analyzed.!This!prevents!the!achievement!of!

international!standards!and!goes!against!the!quality!assurance!mechanisms!and!requirements!of!

the!LMD!reform.!Hence!the!idea!to!propose!a!harmonized!process!for!the!design,!monitoring!

and!evaluation!of!online!courses.!The!overall!objective!of!this!study!is!to!propose!a!scheme!for!

the!harmonization!of!scripts!practices,!to!monitor!and!evaluate!online!courses.!This!will!facilitate!

the!integration!of!online!training!programs!at!UCAD!in!particular,!and!in!AVU’s!partners!

institutions!in!general.!The!research!methodology!consists!of,!among!other!things,!a!literature!

!


search,!an!analysis!of!the!organizational!design!of!online!courses!in!the!areas!of!biology,!

interviews!with!teachers,!designers!and!writers,!the!comparison!of!different!scripting!and!

evaluation!models.!In!terms!of!results,!the!main!goal!is!to!develop!harmonized!tools,!including!a!

harmonized!organizational!model!of!scripting,!a!harmonized!assessment!grid!and!a!conceptual!

framework!that!will!serve!as!a!model!for!the!partner!institutions.!

Keywords:!Architectural!model,!scripting,!monitoring,!evaluation,!biology!

!

!

Session%5:%eLearning%&%Instructional%Design%

%14. Learner!support!in!eLearning:!Featuring!the!devil!in!the!detail.!Presenter(s):+Bona+I.+

Maandera,+The+Virtual+University+of+Uganda!!

Abstract:!Student!support!in!Higher!Education!(HE)!ePlearning!impacts!on!quality,!effectiveness!

and!the!success!of!the!learning!itself.!Do!googling,!SMSPing,!tweeting!21st!century!learners!need!

support!in!eLearning?!Against!the!common!perceptions!of!21st!century!(c21st)!learners!and!

c21st!learning!needs,!this!study!considered!learner!needs!in!the!context!of!the!Virtual!University!

of!Uganda!(VUU).!The!aim!was!to!portray!the!nature!of!student!support!in!a!HE!eLearning!

context,!and!map!it!against!21st!learning!and!learner!needs!expected!in!VUU.!The!immediate!or!

perceived!value!and!effects!are!also!presented.!Two!questions!framed!the!study:!1.!What!kind!of!

support!do!learners!in!the!eLearning!context!of!the!Virtual!University!of!Uganda!need!in!order!to!

optimally!perform!their!learning!duties?!2.!What!features!define!effective!learnerP!and!learningP

support!needs!in!eLearning!at!the!Virtual!University!of!Uganda?!Literature!reviewed!was!used!to!

design!a!conceptual!framework!with!three!skillP!and!competencyPbased!support!categories:!i)!

ICT!literacy!support!ii)!Information!literacy!support!and!iii)!21st!century!learningP,!lifeP!and!

career!literacy!support.!The!nature!of!support!associated!with!these!categories!was!divided!into!

technologyPandPsystem!related!support!and!pedagogicPinstructional!support.!Using!a!descriptive!

qualitative!study!design,!naturally!occurring!data!was!collected!from!openPended!question!items!

in!12!module!evaluation!surveys,!and!specific!student!support!cases!in!a!period!of!18!months.!

Purposeful!sampling!of!modules!allowed!an!adequate!sample!size!and!case!students!were!

selected!to!explore!experiences!of!particular!learners.!Results!show!that!i)!most!support!

requested!fitted!in!the!Information!literacy,!and!c21st!learningP,!life!and!career!literacy!

categories!ii)!onPgoing!pedagogicPinstructional!support!was!expected!by!the!students!in!the!

course!of!all!modules!surveyed,!suggesting!support!in!the!Information!literacy,!and!c21st!

learningP,!life!and!career!literacy!categories.!iii)!technologyPandPsystem!related!support!was!not!

needed!after!the!first!few!weeks!of!the!first!module.!The!effectiveness!of!support!offered!in!

VUU!seemed!defined!by!individual!learner!characteristics!(ICTPrelated!skills!and!competencies),!

access,!timing,!process!and!mode.!The!tapering!of!technologyPandPsystem!related!support!

requested!during!or!after!the!first!month!of!programmes!suggested!some!effectiveness!of!

!


support!offered!in!this!area.!Overall,!student!support!in!VUU!is!both!prePemptive!and!reactive;!

contrary!to!some!literature!suggesting!student!support!in!online!learning!is!preemptive.!Support!

types!tend!to!be!in!the!Information!literacy,!and!c21st!learningP,!life!and!career!literacy!

categories.!And,!support!sought!by!and!given!to!students!in!VUU!does!not!confirm!the!

contention!that!the!perceived!ability!of!c21st!students!to!use!technology!mitigates!an!otherwise!

“significant!challenge”!in!an!ePlearning!context.!Nevertheless,!using!naturally!occurring!data!had!

limitations!on!analysis!and!does!impact!on!inferences!made!in!the!study.!The!classification!

framework!used!may!also!need!more!congruency!validation.!The!study!and!its!limitations!

highlight!and!confirm!the!need!suggested!in!other!studies!and!literature!for!purposeful!and!

empirical!study!in!order!to!improve!the!efficacy!of!access!to!quality!education!and!training!in!

emerging!eLearning!contexts!in!Africa.!Keywords:!ePlearning,!learner!support,!21st!century!learning,!21st!century!learners;!learner!

needs!in!ePlearning!

%15. Exploring!modes!of!education!delivery!in!the!digital!age.!Presenter(s):+Brenda+

Mallinson,+South+African+Institute+for+Distance+Education+(Saide)+South+Africa!!Abstract:!With!the!increasing!availability!and!adoption!of!information!and!communication!

technologies!to!support!teaching!and!learning!in!the!higher!education!sector,!the!variety!and!

blend!of!modes!of!education!provision!or!delivery!in!this!sector!has!expanded!rapidly!for!both!

traditional!onPcampus!and!distance!institutions.!However,!in!order!to!preserve!the!integrity!of!

the!teaching!and!learning!environment,!the!move!towards!blended!and!online!course!delivery!

needs!to!be!considered!carefully!before!embarking!on!a!new!mode!of!education!provision.!In!

particular,!factors!influencing!the!choice!and!extent!of!the!blend!should!be!identified!and!

explored!in!order!to!maximise!the!affordances!of!the!changed!teaching!and!learning!

environment,!while!maintaining!a!pragmatic!approach!within!a!given!context.!!With!this!in!mind,!

the!traditional!distance!vs!contact!education!continuum!of!spatial!separation!of!the!teacher!and!

learner!should!now!be!revisited!and!revised.!Consideration!needs!to!be!given!not!only!to!the!

extent!of!spatial!or!temporal!separation!of!teacher!and!learner,!but!also!the!extent!to!which!

digital!technology!could!or!should!be!used!to!support!teaching!and!learning!in!a!course!or!

programme.!!In!particular,!it!should!be!noted!that!in!the!context!of!a!developing!country,!one!

should!also!consider!forms!of!digital!support!that!do!not!require!Internet!access.!Interlinking!

factors!identified!as!likely!to!inform!decisions!to!be!taken!concerning!mode!of!education!

provision!include:!the!size!of!cohort!enrolment,!learner!demographics,!the!planned!or!

achievable!level!of!mediation!and!facilitation,!the!appropriate!mix!of!synchronous!vs!

asynchronous!activities,!the!pedagogical!approach!to!be!adopted,!and!the!level!of!expertise!of!

the!facilitator!in!the!enhanced!environment.!This!position!paper!suggests!that!in!order!to!

conceptualize!these!factors!in!relation!to!one!other,!a!grid!representing!the!variety!of!

dimensions!should!be!considered!when!planning!the!mode!of!delivery!for!a!particular!

programme!or!course.!Balancing!the!tension!between!the!identified!influencing!factors!would!

inform!a!decision!as!to!where!a!planned!course!or!programme!is!best!located!on!this!grid.!A!

visual!representation!of!where!a!particular!programme,!course!or!unit!of!learning!is!situated!

!


could!assist!in!highlighting!or!establishing!exactly!how!a!course!is!currently!delivered,!provide!a!

substantial!motivation!for!it!being!delivered!in!this!way,!as!well!as!support!the!strategic!planning!

for!where!the!course!should!best!migrate!to!within!the!delivery!context!and!environment.!!!Keywords:!blended!mode,!higher!education,!dimensions,!technology!integration!!!

16. 73Conception:!conception!pour!divers!scénarios!d'enseignement!et!d'apprentissage!:!l'auto3apprentissage,!l'apprentissage!centré!sur!l'apprenant,!l'apprentissage!basé!sur!la!collaboration.!Presenter(s):+Laurence+Rabotovao,+Ecole+Normale+Supérieure+d’Antananarivo,+Madagascar!

!Abstract:!The!Relative!Environmental!Education!system!(REE)!still!lags!far!behind!projected!

expectations!in!several!countries.!This!study!has!tried!to!reduce!factors!blocking!the!flourishing!

of!REE.!In!reality!REE!is!a!difficult!concept!to!understand!in!the!sense!that!its!educative!practices!

have!hardly!been!documented!and!its!theoretical!proposals!are!few.!We!are!thus!trying!to!

design!a!learning!model!based!on!a!profound!study!of!psychology!which!is!the!driver!of!learning!

and!development!of!the!human!being.!This!model!is!selfPlearning,!learner!centered!learning!and!

collaborative!learning.!We!have!used!methods!and!strategies!that!involve!the!students!in!their!

learning.!EPLearning!especially!uses!active!learning,!participatory!training,!metacognition,!

problemPbased!learning,!gamePbased!learning!and!conflict!resolution!etc.!The!aim!is!to!establish!

a!synergy!between!these!learning!scenarios!and!the!ePlearning!technique.!The!term!‘active’!

obviously!refers!to!a!visible!action!but!above!all!it!refers!to!initiative!and!responsibility!on!the!

part!of!the!learner.!In!a!sense,!the!English!terminology!‘active!learning’!better!illustrates!that!it!is!

learning!that!is!active.!LearnerPfocused!was!derived!from!the!constructivist!movement.!It!is!the!

principle,!basis!and!source!or!the!purpose!for!our!learning!scenarios.!The!teacher!must!avail!

work!methods,!strategies!and!learning!processes!to!the!students!that!will!allow!them!to!learn!by!

themselves.!This!version!is!the!result!of!wide!consultations!held!with!psychologists!and!

educators!as!well!as!biodiversity!preservation!professionals!and!REE.!The!aim!is!to!promote!REE!

through!didactical!and!pedagogical!approaches!(creating,!developing!and!multiplying!tools!

amongst!which!(ICT)!for!the!acquisition!of!knowledge,!knowPhow!(aptitude/capacity),!soft!skills!

(attitude/behaviour),!how!to!act.!We!have!conducted!surveys!with!stakeholders!in!REE!who!are!

using!ICT!and!have!documented!their!work!and!also!done!data!analysis!and!interpretation!of!the!

received!data.!We!therefore!noted!that!ePlearning!practice!was!in!line!with!these!learning!

scenarios!where:!a!survey!of!the!actors!was!carried!out!and!inventory!and!increase!of!

tools/techniques/approaches!and!strategies!in!REE/ICT;!observation!of!REE/ICT!practice;!

analysis!on!the!usage!of!ICT!in!REE;!strategy!proposal!to!implement!and!make!it!long!lasting.!EP

learning!will!lead!to!the!adoption!of!modules!on!the!environment!through!a!participatory!

process!based!on!philosophical,!scientific!and!educational!foundations.!The!results!and!

prospects!of!this!educational!endeavor!will!comprise!of!a!strategy!that!is!educational,!

participatory!and!community!based!where!the!public!plays!an!active!role!and!makes!full!use!of!

its!potential!(awareness;!acquisition!of!knowledge;!developing!competency!behaviors!and!

!


encouraging!participation).!Mechanisms!for!these!learning!scenarios!are!centered!on!a!resource!

centre!that!allows!people!to!work!individually!and!where!the!learner!is!master!of!his/her!time.!!

Keywords:!learning,!psychology,!Learners,!‘activePlearning’,!environment!

!!

17. Students'!perceived!challenges!in!an!online!collaborative!learning!environment:!!A!case!of!higher!learning!institutions!in!Nairobi,!Kenya.!Presenter(s):+Maina+Muuro,+Kenyatta+University,+Kenya!

!Abstract:!Despite!the!pedagogical!advantages!of!collaborative!learning,!online!learners!can!perceive!collaborative!learning!process!as!challenging.!The!purpose!of!this!paper!is!to!

investigate!components!of!online!collaborative!learning!which!learners!perceive!as!challenging!

and!also!establish!whether!there!is!any!association!between!students!perceived!use!of!

asynchronous!collaborative!tools!and!their!perceived!level!of!internet!skills.!With!this!aim!in!

mind,!a!survey!was!conducted!in!three!public!universities!and!one!tertiary!college!in!Nairobi!to!

investigate!students’!perceived!challenges!on!an!online!collaborative!learning!environment.!

Purposive!sampling!was!done!to!obtain!students!who!were!undertaking!their!group!work!on!

online!platforms!from!these!institutions.!A!questionnaire!was!designed!with!closePended!items!

to!capture!students’!perceptions!on!the!main!challenges!as!reviewed!in!literature:!and!one!

openPended!item!to!capture!their!worst!experiences!on!an!online!collaborative!task.!The!

questionnaire!was!distributed!via!email!invitations!and!183!students!responded.!Based!on!

descriptive!analysis!on!the!closePended!items!three!major!challenges!(lack!of!feedback!from!

instructors,!lack!of!feedback!from!peers,!lack!of!criticism!on!posted!ideas!from!peers)!were!

highly!perceived!by!students!as!key!components!which!hindered!effective!collaboration!in!an!

online!group!activity.!For!the!openPended!question!the!perceived!challenges!were!coded!and!

categorized!!under!!seven!!themes!!with!!the!!following!!respective!!percentage!!of!!responses:!

(a)low!internet!connectivity,!23.8%;!(b)!lack!of!feedback!from!peers,!20%;!(c)lack!of!feedback!

from!instructor,!11.3%;!(d)unshared!group!workload,!5%;!(e)off!topic!items!posted,!5%;!(f)!

delayed!response!from!group!members,!3.8%;!(g)freePriders,!2.5%;!and!others,!28.6%.!Low!

internet!connectivity!was!rated!as!the!highest!hindrance!(23.8%)!an!indication!that!higher!

institutions!of!learning!in!Nairobi,!Kenya!are!yet!to!offer!good!internet!services!to!their!online!

learners.!In!addition,!lack!of!feedback!both!from!peers!and!instructor!had!a!high!rating.!To!

establish!association!between!internet!skills!and!asynchronous!collaboration!tools,!contingency!

table!analysis!for!test!of!independence!with!chiPsquare!was!done.!Statistical!significance!

association!was!found!only!in!three!cases;!social!media!(p=.000),!chats!(p=.001)!and!mobile!

phones!(p=.046).!It!is!recommended!that!further!research!should!focus!on!how!to!improve!peer!

interaction!and!instructor!involvement!in!an!online!group!activity.!In!addition,!key!challenges!

identified!in!this!paper!should!provide!an!insight!to!educators!on!the!key!areas!of!collaborative!

learning!that!should!be!improved!in!order!to!provide!access!to!quality!education!that!supports!

effective!collaborative!learning!process!in!an!online!learning!environment.!

!


Keywords:!collaborative!learning,!survey,!perceived!challenges,!collaboration!tools,!internet!skills!!

Session%6:%Instructional%Technology/Information%Systems%

!

18. Optimization!of!learning!management!systems!through!systems!integration:!The!case!of!moodle!and!zalongwa!software.!Presenter(s):+Dr.+Juma+Hemed+Lungo,+University+of+Dar\es\Salaam!!

Abstract:!Learning!Management!Systems!(LMS)!are!enabler!of!virtual!learning!mode.!Training!

materials,!communications,!exams,!assignments!and!students!grades!in!virtual!learning!mode!

are!managed!through!LMS.!Popular!LMS!software!includes!Blackboard,!webCT!and!Moodle.!In!

most!higher!learning!institutions!especially!in!Africa,!virtual!learning!are!delivered!in!a!blended!

mode,!which!is!a!mix!of!face!to!face!and!online!learning!using!LMS.!While!LMS!serves!as!

academic!based!information!system,!higher!learning!institutions!make!use!of!administrative!

information!as!standPalone!systems!to!support!management!of!the!institutions.!Common!

administrative!software!categories!includes:!Accounting!packages,!Student!Academic!

Registration!Information!Systems!(SARIS)!and!Human!Resources!Information!Systems.!SARIS!in!

particular,!records!study!programmes,!courses,!student!list,!examinations!results,!

accommodation!services,!etc.!In!most!cases,!administrative!software!is!implemented!first!before!

LMS!come!to!its!existence.!When!it!comes!to!installation!of!LMS,!and!data!entry!process!which!is!

also!implemented!in!the!administrative!systems!is!seen!as!redundant.!Thus,!the!success!of!LMS!

implementation!to!some!extent!depends!on!how!well!the!LMS!is!integrated!to!existing!

management!support!software.!This!paper!shares!a!study!from!a!long!term!project!where!the!

use!of!LMS!was!optimized!due!to!a!successful!integration!of!Moodle!LMS!and!Zalongwa!SARIS.!

The!project!shed!light!that!repetitive!registration!of!students,!study!programmes!and!courses!in!

two!systems!(SARIS!and!LMS)!is!tedious,!confusing!and!slows!down!uptake!of!LMS!use!in!higher!

learning!institutions.!Specifically,!through!the!integration!process!of!the!Zalongwa!SARIS!and!

Moodle!LMS,!courses!and!students!accounts!were!managed!from!the!SARIS!system!and!LMS!

was!just!referring!to!SARIS!to!manage!respective!contents!of!the!courses.!The!paper!also!shares!

challenges!and!opportunities!for!integrating!two!software!which!are!webPbased!and!are!

managed!in!two!different!servers.!Specifically,!the!integration!was!done!through!a!web!service!

approach,!where!the!LMS!systems!query!the!SARIS!system!for!the!student's!year!of!study,!

courses,!username!and!password.!Then!the!LMS!display!appropriate!courses!for!each!candidate!

based!on!the!query!result.!The!end!result!was!that!the!need!for!registering!all!courses!and!

creating!students!accounts!in!two!systems!(LMS!and!SARIS)!was!eliminated.!Since!students!are!

using!the!same!username!and!password!as!in!SARIS,!the!barrier!to!access!learning!materials!in!

LMS!became!a!history.!

Keywords:!Zalongwa!SARIS,!Moodle!LMS,!E3Learning,!Student!Information!Systems,!Integration,!Interoperability!

!


!19. Mobile!computer3supported!collaborative!learning!using!google!apps!for!education!

within!a!mLearning!strategy.!Presenter(s):+Alex+Rayón,+University+of+Deusto,+Spain+(Presented+by+Mariluz+Guenaga,+University+of+Deusto)!!

Abstract:!The!University!of!Deusto!introduced!in!2009!the!suite!of!collaborative!tools!Google!Apps!for!Education.!The!training!of!employees!and!the!promotion!made!for!their!use!as!internal!

workPtools!has!resulted!in!a!deep!organizational!change,!promoting!the!use!of!ICT!for!teaching!

and!learning!strategies!as!well!as!for!management!purposes.!It!has!also!enabled!mobile!learning!

scenarios,!allowing!students’!learning!not!only!in!traditional!classroom!settings,!but!anywhere!

and!anytime!the!student!wants!to.!We!have!also!integrated!Google!Apps!with!other!learning!

management!tools!such!as!ALUD2!(University!of!Deusto’s!Online!Learning!platform),!the!

MoodlePbased!learning!management!system!for!educational!use!(introduced!at!our!University!

back!in!2006),!becoming!the!mixture!of!both!platforms!a!real!virtual!campus.!Students!can!now!

access!to!learning!resources!and!activities!from!laptops!and!other!mobile!devices,!without!

needing!fast!Internet!connections,!since!Moodle!tool!has!been!adapted!to!its!use!on!mobility.!

Besides,!students!are!encouraged!by!teachers!to!use!these!tools!for!their!works!and!duties,!for!

document!and!data!sharing,!as!well!as!for!real!workPgroup!and!collaborative!learning.!In!this!

way,!students!discover!new!advantages!in!the!use!of!CloudPbased!technology!(Moodle!and!

Google!Apps!for!education)!that!provides!many!benefits!for!mobile!computerPsupported!

collaborative!learning.!So,!in!this!paper!we!present!how!the!University!of!Deusto!introduced!

these!tools,!the!different!mobile!and!collaborative!learning!contexts!that!arise!from!the!use!of!

CloudPbased!technologies!such!as!Google!Apps!and!Moodle!for!learning!purpose,!and!the!results!

of!analytics!and!a!survey!done!recently,!ending!up!with!some!conclusions.!Finally,!we!will!show!

some!future!work!we!are!already!planning!for!the!integration!of!this!virtual!campus!that!

emerges!from!the!combination!of!Moodle!and!Google!Apps!for!Education,!with!other!tools!we!

use!for!teachingPlearning!processes!at!the!University!of!Deusto,!such!as!Google+!Hangouts,!

Blackboard!Collaborate,!Concept!board,!Flubaroo,!etc.!

Keywords:!collaborative!learning,!mobile!learning,!Google!Apps,!Moodle,!cloud!technology!!!

20. TALKY.!A!serious!game!to!develop!and!assess!oral!and!interpersonal!communication!competences+.!Presenter(s):++Mariluz+Guenaga,+University+of+Deusto,+Spain!

!Abstract:!DeustoTech!Learning!research!group!is!working!in!TALKY!project,!a!serious!game!that!

aims!to!develop!and!assess!two!generic!competences:!oral!communication!and!interpersonal!

communication.!This!paper!shows!the!design!process!of!the!game;!how!a!multidisciplinary!team!

cooperates!to!create!a!funny!and!educational!game.!Pedagogues!designed!content!and!activities!

that!fulfil!the!competencePbased!learning!model!of!the!University!of!Deusto,!supported!by!more!

than!10!years!of!experience!in!our!grades!and!disseminated!through!the!Tuning!Academy!

program!to!more!than!27!countries.!Digital!serious!games!are!videogames!designed!with!a!

specific!purpose,!in!this!case!educational.!With!this!objective!in!mind!experts!in!leisure!studies!

contributed!with!their!knowledge!about!games!and!leisure!to!transform!traditional!material!

!


used!in!facePtoPface!classes!into!interactive!games.!Finally,!learning!technologists!integrated!and!

coordinated!the!work!to!design!a!multiplayer!and!multiplatform!adventure!game,!developed!

with!our!own!game!engine!using!HTML5!and!Javascript!technologies.!CompetencePbased!

learning!is!the!base!of!future!professionals,!who!will!need!to!demonstrate!not!only!knowledge!

but!abilities!and!skills.!It!is!difficult!to!transform!traditional!methodologies!of!teaching!and!

assessing!competences!to!an!ICTPbased!strategy,!but!the!benefits!and!possibilities!of!technology!

in!education!makes!it!worth.!Moreover,!a!serious!game!adds!a!motivating!and!funny!perspective!

that!increases!students’!involvement,!though!it!also!increases!the!difficulty!of!design.!First!of!all!

we!carried!out!a!review!of!research!and!experimental!studies!in!the!areas!of!the!project,!and!

worked!on!a!market!survey!about!commercial!games.!In!parallel!we!discussed!the!criteria!to!

select!one!or!more!generic!competences!to!develop!in!the!serious!game.!The!key!factors!to!

select!oral!and!interpersonal!communication!competences!were!the!gameplay,!the!possibility!of!

interaction!among!players!and!their!importance!in!the!curriculum!of!several!grades!and!

postgraduate!studies!at!the!University.!In!the!paper!we!present!the!benefits!and!problems!faced!

during!the!project,!how!the!cooperation!among!professional!from!different!fields!is!essential!for!

the!success!of!this!kind!of!multidisciplinary!projects,!and!how!project!members!integrate!

different!points!of!view!to!enrich!the!serious!game.!

Keywords:!serious!game,!learning,!generic!competence,!oral!and!interpersonal!communication!!!!

21. Structuration!et!management!du!e3learning!pour!mieux!gérer!les!sureffectifs!d’étudiants!à!l’UCAD!(Structuring!and!management!of!ePlearning!to!better!manage!the!students!in!UCAD).!Presenter(s):+Dr.+Ndiougou+Ndiaye,+Université+Cheick+Anta+Diop,+Dakar,+Sénégal!

!Abstract:!The!purpose!of!this!paper!was!to!examine!the!challenges!facing!the!introduction!and!

management!of!distance!learning!(DL)!at!UCAD.!!The!study!was!conducted!using!interviews!

(Faculty!Deans,!Graduate!school!managers,!Distance!Learning!Project!Coordinators)!and!

questionnaires!(170!teachers!and!400!students)!from!6!Faculties!and!5!Graduate!schools!of!

UCAD.!Information!and!Communication!Technologies!have!raised!great!expectations!in!Africa,!in!

all!areas!of!economic!and!social!life,!especially!in!education.!This!expectation!is!all!the!greater!in!

higher!education!given!the!numerous!needs!and!challenges!it!has!to!respond!to:!!student!

massification,!particularly!at!undergraduate!levels,!shortage!of!learning!facilities!and!lack!of!

qualified!lecturers,!etc.!A!few!Schools!and!institutes!at!UCAD!offer!or!used!to!offer!distance!

learning!courses,!but!their!current!pricing!policies!and!the!types!of!students!attending!them!

would!seem!to!exclude!traditional!ordinary!students.!Does!this!mean!that!DL!will!be!limited!to!

an!elite?!This!raises!the!issue!as!to!the!focus!and!strategy!that!Cheikh!Anta!Diop!University!

should!develop!in!order!to!arrive!at!a!coherent!DL!policy.!In!the!end,!it!is!realized!that!the!

introduction!of!DL!at!UCAD!is!a!multiPspeed!process!where!coherence!does!not!seem!to!be!a!

strong!aspect.!In!addition,!the!umbrella!institution,!i.e.!UCAD,!has!yet!to!derive!significant!

benefits!from!Open!and!Distance!Learning.!Strategies!for!dealing!with!massification!through!ICTs!

and!DL!vary!widely!and!are!perceived!differently.!How!can!we!use!such!tools!to!resolve!the!

!


problems!of!overcrowding!faced!by!some!faculties?!Moreover,!we!found!that!institutions!where!

distance!learning!is!well!developed!or!which!have!ongoing!projects!face!no!massification!

problem.!!In!return,!it!is!noted!that!institutions!that!encounter!this!problem!have!no!distance!

education!project!in!place.!This!is!all!the!more!paradoxical!as,!officially,!one!of!the!main!reasons!

behind!the!policy!for!introducing!DL!in!higher!education!is!to!address!massification.!Thus,!the!

problem!is!the!absence!of!a!coherent!distance!education!policy!with!an!implementation!plan!

and!clearly!identified!objectives,!and,!above!all,!to!answer!the!question:!what!do!we!do!distance!

learning!for?!In!the!absence!of!a!comprehensive!vision,!everyone!is!managing!something,!

somewhere,!without!any!visibility.!Fortunately,!the!Technological!and!Learning!Resource!Centre,!

former!Centre!de!Calcul!(Computer!Centre),!has!been!increasingly!involved!in!the!development!

of!Distance!Learning!over!the!past!few!months.!!The!Centre!has!become!a!pedagogical!as!well!as!

a!university!teaching!and!research!support!unit.!The!issue!now!is!whether!this!structure!can!play!

a!meaningful!role!in!the!management!of!Distance!learning!within!UCAD.!KeyPwords:!ePlearning,!massification,!pedagogical!innovation,!educational!technology!

!

Session%8:%ICTs%&%Educational/Social%Context%

The!entire!session!8!was!cancelled,!none!of!presenters!made!it!to!the!conference!

Infrastructure!and!access!for!open!and!distance!learning:!Experiences!from!Zimbabwe!Moffat+Chitapa+Tarusikirwa+PhD,!Zimbabwe!Open!University!Fracture!numérique!et!développement!en!Afrique!Fatima+Zohra+Sossi+Alaoui,!Institut!des!Etudes!Africaines,!Rabat,!Morocco!Mustapha+Machrafi+,+Institut!des!Etudes!Africaines,!Rabat,!!Morocco!Les!freins!à!l'intégration!des!TIC!en!pratiques!enseignantes!dans!le!contexte!scolaire!tunisien!+Souad++Abdelwahed,!Centre!National!d’Innovation!Pédagogique!et!de!Recherche!en!Education!!!!!(CNIPRE),!Tunisia!***************************%

Session%9:%Curriculum/Program%Development%%

!22. Students’!understanding!of!research!as!praxis!in!a!distance!education!postgraduate!

programme.!Presenters(s):+Prof+William+Fraser,+University+of+Pretoria+South+Africa!!Abstract:!The!Department!of!Higher!Education!(DHE)!recently!announced!that!a!supervised!

research!project!has!to!form!part!of!the!BEd!(Hons)!program!that!follows!a!first!degree!in!the!

South!African!context.!This!requirement!is!challenging!and!is!complicating!the!delivery!of!many!

distance!education!programs,!as!it!means!that!2000+!students!have!to!be!allocated!supervisors!

annually.!Honors!!programs!normally!cover!the!theory!of!educational!research!well,!and!allow!

students!to!engage!in!a!research!project!of!choice.!The!main!purpose!of!the!study!was!twofold.!

It!wished!to!determine!how!distance!learners!perceive!research!as!praxis!in!the!first!place,!and!

secondly!sought!to!understand!how!a!supervised!research!project!can!be!managed!to!meet!the!

!


requirements!of!the!DHE.!The!paper!reports!on!a!quantitative!study!conducted!on!a!stratified!

sample!of!984!respondents!(25%!return!of!4000!questionnaires!mailed!to!students)!in!2011.!The!

students!were!mostly!practicing!teachers!and!school!managers!enrolled!for!a!BEd!(Hons)!

programme!in!Education!Management!and!Policy!Studies.!The!majority!of!them!were!drawn!

conveniently!from!Gauteng!Province,!followed!by!the!Eastern!Cape,!Mpumalanga!Province,!the!

Free!State!and!the!Western!Cape!in!South!Africa.!!

!

Kincheloe’s!framework!demarcating!the!teacher!as!researcher,!Korthagen’s!work!on!practiceP

theory,!and!the!critical!theory!of!Habermas!served!as!theoretical!framework!to!the!study.!

Categories!dealing!with!the!purpose!of!research,!teachers’!perceptions!of!research,!sources!of!

research!information,!participants!in!the!research!process,!classroom!learners!as!researchers,!

teachers’!qualities!as!researchers,!and!the!contribution!of!research!to!professional!

development,!were!covered!in!a!114Pitem!questionnaire!where!respondents!had!to!reply!on!a!

fivePpoint!Likert!scale.!The!statistical!analysis!commenced!with!a!descriptive!analysis!across!all!

variables,!followed!by!the!ranking!of!responses!across!the!different!items.!The!data!was!then!

subjected!to!a!principal!component!factor!analysis,!while!inferential!chiPsquare!estimations!

were!conducted!across!selected!variables.!The!overall!ranking!of!responses,!as!well!as!the!

opinions!of!teachers!revealed!the!importance!of!research!for!the!promotion!of!critical!thinking,!

while!the!principal!component!factor!analysis!exposed!factors!such!as!professional!development!

through!research,!the!development!of!learners!as!researchers,!and!teachers’!resistance!and!

reservations!towards!research,!respectively.!The!paper!finally!illustrates!how!managers!

introduced!students!innovatively!to!supervised!research,!but!also!highlights!the!pitfall!that!

accompanies!such!intervention.!Notwithstanding!their!understanding!of!research!as!praxis,!

many!students!still!performed!poorly!in!the!research!projects!leading!to!foreseeable!delays!in!

graduation.!!!

Keywords:!Research!as!praxis;!Professional!Development;!Distance!Education;!Supervised!

Research;!Postgraduate!Programme!

!!

23. Le!locuteur!natif!à!distance,!une!alternative!à!l’assistant!pour!l’apprentissage!autodirigé!des!langues!étrangères!(The!native!speaker,!an!alternative!assistant!to!the!self3directed!learning!of!foreign!languages).!Presenter(s):+Jacinto+Cipriano+Banze+Junior,+Universidade+Pedagógica,+Moçambique!

%Abstract:!A!selfPdirected!system!of!learning!was!established!at!the!Department!of!French!at!the!

Teaching!University!in!Beira,!Mozambique!in!2005.!This!was!as!a!result!of!analysis!carried!out!on!

future!teachers!as!well!as!their!trainers!on!teaching!practices.!The!trainers!assist!the!future!

teachers!learn!to!learn!and!intervene!when!there!is!need,!whereas!the!trainee!activities!aim!at!

the!acquisition!of!selfPlearning!and!language!competence.!In!order!to!be!competent!in!a!

language,!the!trainees!learn!by!themselves!using!authentic!documents!and!interacting!with!

native!speakers.!They!then!test!their!level!of!learning!by!contrasting!knowledge!and!knowPhow!

gained!with!that!of!authentic!documents!and!interaction!with!native!speakers.!However!in!Beira!

!


the!physical!presence!of!native!speakers!is!low.!They!were!incorporated!into!the!program!which!

was!kicked!off!in!2005;!and!they!came!in!as!foreign!language!assistants!hired!by!the!French!

Government.!The!program!was!established!within!the!framework!of!the!teacher!training!

support!project!for!teachers!of!French!as!a!Foreign!Language.!After!the!project!ended!in!2009,!it!

ran!short!of!native!speakers.!In!order!to!fill!the!gap,!we!put!in!place!a!distance!conversation!

program!with!the!help!of!a!video!conference!tool!called!Ooovo.!In!a!way,!it!is!a!response!to!the!

current!demand!for!the!use!of!ICT!in!educational!systems.!This!in!itself!an!innovation!in!selfP

directed!learning!because!normally!interaction!between!native!speakers!and!nonPnative!

speakers!usually!occur!physically:!As!highlighted!by!the!case!of!SAAS!of!CRAPEL!GREMMO!

(2003).!Five!trainees!and!two!native!speakers!participated!in!broadcast!discussions!and!the!

conversations!were!recorded!and!transcribed!with!the!help!of!transcribing!and!annotation!

software!(Elan).!Results!from!the!data!analysis!allow!us!to!conclude!that!the!trainers!and!the!

native!speakers!carry!out!their!tasks!in!the!target!language:!learning!of!the!language!and!

evaluation!of!the!knowledge!acquired;!communication!partner,!informant!in!language!and!

culture,!successively.!!

Keywords:!selfPdirected!learning,!native!speaker,!broadcast!discussions,!video!conferencing,!

learning!to!learn!

!!

24. The!design!and!development!of!the!diploma!program!on!social!enterprise!and!development:!Towards!an!open!learning!policy.!Presenter(s):+Jos.+H.A.N.+Rikers,+Open+Universiteit,+The+Netherlands+&+Alberto+Parise,+Tangaza+University+College,+ISMM,+Kenya!

!

Abstract:!The!design!and!development!of!the!diploma!program!on!social!enterprise!and!

development:!Towards!an!open!learning!policy.!The!Social!Entrepreneurship!collaboration!

project!between!Tangaza!University!College!/!ISMM!and!the!Dutch!Open!Universiteit!focusses!

on!the!innovation!of!the!teaching!policy!at!the!Nairobi!based!institution.!ISMM!is!targeting!

professionals!that!seek!education!in!the!field!of!social!transformation!and!require!the!

competences!to!become!change!agents!and!job!creators.!For!this!mission!the!institute!has!

adopted!an!adult!education!concept.!The!institute’s!mission!leads!to!an!innovation!policy!for!the!

teaching!activities.!This!leads!to!the!introduction!of!educational!innovation!in!the!teaching!and!

at!the!same!time!a!different!approach!in!the!process!leading!to!curriculum!decisions.!The!latter!

becoming!more!and!more!the!result!of!partnerships!with!relevant!parties!in!society.!The!main!

objective!for!the!project!is!to!monitor!the!process!of!curriculum!design!and!development!for!eP

learning!based!materials!for!one!diploma!program,!as!well!as!to!collect!evidence!and!practical!

experience!for!further!policy!development!and!implementation.!Especially!the!question!how!to!

organise!the!development!of!learning!materials!based!on!OER!is!relevant!for!the!development!of!

an!open!learning!policy.!

Although!many!of!the!aspects!and!elements!of!the!innovation!that!is!aimed!for!are!already!in!

place!or!underway!(EPlearning!platform;!trained!staff;!dedicated!adult!learning!based!programs)!

!


there!is!a!need!for!more!focus!and!progress!in!the!developments,!given!the!limited!resources!

available.!For!this!purpose!ISMM!engaged!in!the!collaboration!with!the!OUNL!in!order!to!create!

focus!and!momentum!in!the!curriculum!innovation!process.!At!the!same!time!the!project!

evaluation!provides!solid!information!that!helps!to!shape!the!direction!of!future!innovation!and!

to!take!the!decisions!needed!in!the!development!of!new!programs!or!the!revision!of!existing!

programs!as!well!as!the!development!of!an!open!learning!policy.!Especially!the!challenge!to!run!

programs!in!dual!mode!requires!that!the!institute!pays!special!attention!to!the!course!design!

and!development!process.!The!results!presented!address!design!and!development!issues!and!

the!support!level!for!innovative!teaching!in!the!institute,!where!data!are!presented!from!staff!

and!management!interviews!and!a!student!and!alumni!survey.!These!data!were!collected!after!a!

capacity!building!workshop,!and!before!the!actual!start!of!the!development!process.!In!later!

stages,!not!in!this!paper,!the!development!process,!especially!the!use!of!the!4CPID!development!

model,!as!well!as!findings!on!the!end!product!will!be!reported.!The!results!show!a!positive!

attitude!towards!the!proposed!innovations!amongst!all!stakeholders.!Hesitations!reported!are!

on!copyright,!contracting!course!authors!and!organisational!issues!around!the!introduction!of!eP

learning.!In!the!paper!these!issues!will!be!addressed.!In!the!conclusions!section!attention!will!be!

paid!to!the!consequences!for!the!development!of!an!open!learning!policy.!

Keywords:!curriculum!development,!ICT,!OER,!open!learning!policy,!adult!education!

!

Session%10:%OER%Crowdsourcing%Panel%Presentation%

!25. Cross3cultural!crowdsourcing:!A!method!for!sharing!OERs!across!language!barriers!

Presenter(s):+Griff+Richards+PhD,+African+Virtual+University,+Nairobi,+Kenya!!Crowdsourcing!is!the!recruitment!and!coordination!of!collectively!accomplish!a!task!that!would!

otherwise!take!enormous!resources!and!time.!It!can!be!a!useful!strategy!in!education,!

particularly!where!community!building!encourages!individuals!with!subject!matter!expertise!to!

collaboratively!write,!translate!and!maintain!open!educational!resources!(OER).!OERs!are!of!

interest!to!educators!in!Africa!but,!to!be!of!maximum!value,!OERs!need!to!be!localized!for!

context!and!for!language.!Drawing!from!case!studies!from!three!institutions!in!different!

countries,!the!panel!will!examine!motivations!and!tactics!for!mobilizing!volunteers!with!

language!skills!and!subject!matter!expertise,!who!can!localize!educational!materials!without!

losing!technical!precision.!The!objective!of!the!panel!is!to!provide!a!framework!for!the!

development,!adaptation,!and!maintenance!of!OERs!using!crowdsourcing,!with!a!focus!on!

models!for!collaborative!translation!by!a!community!of!multilingual!volunteers,!who!are!

recruited!and!engaged!primarily!over!the!Internet.!Hiring!professional!translators,!especially!

ones!with!highly!technical!vocabulary!is!expensive.!Crowdsourcing!is!therefore!a!lowPcost!

alternative,!which!produces!translations!that!are!far!more!authentic!and!precise!than!the!

alternative!computer!translations.!Crowdsourcing!not!only!provides!a!pool!of!talent,!but!it!

provides!engagement!and!the!potential!of!attracting!diversity!and!creativity,!however,!

organizations!wanting!to!crowd!source!talent!will!run!into!certain!challenges.!Using!the!methods!

!


of!participation,!observation,!and!reflection,!the!three!panelists!analyzed!the!translation!

projects!of!their!respective!organizations:!textbooks!from!African!Virtual!University,!textbooks!

from!Siyavula,!and!videos!from!University!of!Michigan.!By!comparing!and!contrasting!the!

translation!processes!used!at!these!three!organizations,!the!panelists!identified!a!common!

framework!for!effectively!recruiting!and!coordinating!volunteer!translation!for!OERs.!They!found!

that!the!key!to!a!successful!crowdsourcing!activity!is!to!keep!projects!well!planned,!with!a!clear!

statement!of!outcome!and!a!reasonable!deadline,!and!to!ensure!that!the!proper!tools,!training!

and!supports!are!available.!It!is!important!not!to!burn!out!the!contributors!but!to!reward!them!

with!recognition!of!their!individual!contributions!and!updates!on!the!accomplishments!as!a!

team.!A!wellPnurtured!community!of!volunteers!is!capable!of!completing!several!projects!in!a!

quality!fashion,!and!evolving!to!be!a!major!change!force!for!local,!national!and!global!impact.!

The!three!case!studies!examined!therefore!demonstrate!that,!if!properly!coordinated,!

crowdsourcing!can!be!an!effective!method!to!adapt!and!translate!learning!materials,!including!

ones!with!highly!technical!vocabulary.!Each!of!the!three!projects!embraced!technology!to!

streamline!the!translation!process,!but!it!was!the!community!of!volunteers!who!were!the!

essential!component!to!producing!a!highPquality!final!product.!Using!academic,!professional,!

and!community!networks!for!education!and!language,!nonprofit!organizations!can!connect!with!

volunteers!who!have!the!level!of!language!and!subject!matter!expertise!required!for!reliable!

translation!of!education!content.!Community!building!activities!such!as!inPperson!translation!

sessions!and!public!recognition!(e.g.!badges,!press!releases,!blog!posts)!were!important!for!

motivating!volunteers.!By!adopting!these!coordination!methods,!the!volunteers!proudly!offered!

some!of!their!time!for!translation.!The!result!is!a!wide!dissemination!of!materials!across!

language!boundaries.!

Keywords:!crowdsourcing,!languages,!community,!collaboration,!sustainability!

!26. Volunteer!translation!of!open!textbooks!in!South!Africa.!Presenter(s):++Bridget+Nash,+

Siyavula+Education,+Cape+Town,+South+Africa!!

SIYAVULA!which!means!we!are!opening!was!created!with!an!objective!of!working!with!

communities!to!translate!mathematics!and!science!books!both!at!primary!and!secondary.!In!the!

long!run,!they!hope!to!cover!all!subjects.!It!is!a!social!company!that!offers!free!and!open!

resources.!Majority!of!their!books!are!translated!by!volunteers!and!they!use!open!sources.!

Content!is!released!under!open!licenses.!So!far!up!to!500,000!entries!are!shown!per!month.!The!

issue!they!are!currently!grappling!with!is!the!quality!of!good!translation.!!

27. Crowdsourcing!video!translations!for!a!global!network!for!health!education.!Presenter(s):+Kathleen+Ludewig+Omollo,+University+of+Michigan,+Ann+Arbor,+USA!

!

The!presenter!outlined!the!concept!of!crowdsourcing!which!speeds!up!content!creation!and!

ensures!one!gets!collaborators.!It!also!presents!a!scenario!where!one!can!easily!target!the!

audience.!She!presented!on!the!various!videos!on!health!education!material!that!had!been!

!


translated!using!the!concept!of!crowdsourcing.!The!main!challenge!in!this!concept!was!having!

translation!done!in!time!and!maintaining!the!quality!of!the!content!across!languages.!

%!

!

! !

!


33. Concept%Note:%Research%&%Development%!

I. !Rationale!–!Research!and!Development!!The!purpose!of!this!concept!note!is!to!present!the!research!and!development!component!of!the!

Phase!II.!Research!topics!will!include:!

• content!development!process!for!each!program!!• Programs!delivery!!• open!distance!and!eLearning!as!mean!to!increase!access!to!quality!education!!• Science!and!Technology!education!in!Africa!• Education!policies!• Integration!of!ICT!in!Education!• Unlocking!the!potential!of!Mobile!learning!• Gender!and!education,!especially!in!science!and!technology!!

!

II. Methodology!!The!research!activities!shall!cut!across!all!components:!

• Policy!harmonization!Publications!!• set!up!a!research!unit!at!AVU!• Annual! conference! witch! will! coincide! with! the! annual! quality! assurance!

meeting!of!the!project.!!• Experiment!on!new!trends!in!education;!ex.!mobile!learning!

!

2. Research!Policy!Harmonization!!The!research!agenda!shall!be!agreed!upon!during!this!work.!!

!

3. An!online!AVU!peer!reviewed!journal!!!!!!!!!A!research!unit!coordinating!this!activity!will!be!based!at!AVU!!

!

4. Annual!Conference!!Annual! conference! which! will! coincide! with! the! annual! quality! assurance!meeting! of! the!

project.! Partner! Institutions! and! Virtual! consortia! will! be! invited! to! join! the! conference.!

Target!200!sponsored!participants!

!

5. Mobile!learning!

!


Bring! educationist! and! private! sector! together! experiment! usage! of! Mobile! phone! in!

education!and!proposed!best!practices.!This!will!involve!buying!equipments.!

!

The!AVU!will!use!mobile!phones!in!its!blended!mode!of!course!delivery!for!the!following!

programs:!

1. Integration!of!ICTs!in!Education!courses!delivered!in!Kenya!jointly!by!AVU!and!the!University!of!Nairobi,!in!Tanzania!by!the!AVU!and!the!Open!University!of!Tanzania!,!and!Senegal!by!the!AVU!and!Université!Cheick!Anta!Diop!

2. Certificate!in!Renewable!energies!delivered!in!our!francophone!network!in!West!Africa.!!

3. Online!seminars,!conferences!that!AVU!plan!to!deliver!live!throughout!the!continent.!!

!

This!component!of!the!research!and!development!program!will!document!AVU!experiment!

on!the!use!of!mobile!phones!in!delivering!online!(synchronous!and!asynchronous)!programs,!

blended!mode!of!delivery!(mix!of!online!and!facePtoPface),!and!recommend!the!best!

practices!adapted!to!the!African!continent.!

The!use!of!mobile!phones!in!program!delivery!has!the!potential!to!facilitate!access!to!

education!in!Africa!and!therefore!to!contribute!to!the!democratization!of!quality!education.!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!


20. List%of%Presenters%No.$ Name$ Gend

er$Current$Position$ Institution$ Country$

Anglophone$1. ! Ms.!Bona!I.!Maandera! F! Lecturer! The!Virtual!University!of!Uganda! Uganda!2. ! Dr.!Najim!Ussiph! M! Lecturer! Kwame!Nkurumah!University!of!Science!&!!

Technology,!Kumasi!Ghana!

3. ! Ms.!Catherine!Wangeci! F! Project!Manager! African!Virtual!University! Kenya!4. ! Dr.!Anne!A.!Assey! F! Senior!Lecturer! University!of!Nairobi! Kenya!

5. ! Mr.!Elizaphan!Muuro!Maina! M! Lecturer$ Kenyatta!University! Kenya!6. ! Mr.!John!Kandiri! M! Lecturer$ Kenyatta!University! Kenya!7. ! Mr.!Ronald!M.!Michieka! M! Lecturer! Masinde!Muliro!University! Kenya!

8. ! Prof.!Henry!W.!Mutoro! M! DVC!Academic!Affairs! University!of!Nairobi! Kenya!9. ! Dr.!Elias!Kaphesi! M! Lecturer$ University!of!Malawi\The!Polytechnic! Malawi!10. ! Dr.!Grace!Stephenson!Banda! F! Lecturer$ Lilongwe!Teachers!College! Malawi!11. ! Mr.!Rikers!Jos! M! Policy!Adviser! Open!Universiteit!Netherlands! Netherlands!12. ! Mr.!Willem!Van!Valkenburg! M! Director!Open!Education! Delft!University!of!Technology!! Netherlands!

13. ! Dr.!Ogidan!Rotimi! M! Deputy!Director!Learner!Support! National!Open!University!of!Nigeria! Nigeria!14. ! Ms.!Brenda!Mallinson! F! Programme!Specialist!Learning!

Technologies!!South!African!Institute!for!Distance!Education!(SIDE)!

South!Africa!

15. ! Ms.!Bridget!Nash! F! Community!Coordinator/Project!Manager!

Siyavula!Education! South!Africa!

16. ! Prof.!William!Fraser! M! Head!of!Department!Science,!Maths!and!Technical!Education!

University!of!Pretoria! South!Africa!

17. ! Mariluz!Guenaga! M! \! University!of!Deusto! Spain!18. ! Mr.!Ignasi!Labastida! M! Head!of!Office!for!knowledge!

Dissemination!!Universitat!de!Barcelona/!Creative!Commons!

Spain!

19. ! Prof.!Alex!Rayon! M$ Lecturer!and!researcher$ University!of!Deusto! Spain!

20. ! Prof.!Ezra!Maritim! M! Board!Member! The!Open!University!of!Tanzania! Tanzania!

21. ! Dr.!Damasen!Ikwaba!Paul! M! Lecturer$ The!Open!University!of!Tanzania! Tanzania!

!

!


22. ! Dr.!Juma!Hemed!Lungo! M! Lecturer$ University!of!Dar\es\salaam! Tanzania!23. ! Mr.!Joel!S.!Mtebe! M! Assistant!Lecturer$ University!of!Dar\es\salaam! Tanzania!24. ! Ms.!Zamzam!Ibrahim!Nyandara! F! Assistant!Lecturer$ The!Open!University!of!Tanzania! Tanzania!25. ! Prof.!Bisanda!Elifas! M! Deputy!Vice\Chancellor!(Academic)! The!Open!University!of!Tanzania! Tanzania!

26. ! Prof.!Daphne!Koller! F! Professor!of!computer!science;!co\Founder!and!co\CEO,!Coursera!

Stanford!University! USA!

27. ! Ms.!Kathleen!Ludewig!Omollo! F! MSIS!International!Program!Manager!

University!of!Michigan!Medical!School! USA!

28. ! Prof.!Charles!Isbell! M! Professor!and!Senior!Associate!Dean! Georgia!Institute!of!Technology!! USA!

29. ! Prof.!Diafuka!Saila\Ngita! M! Research!Assistant!Professor! Tufts!University! USA!30. ! Prof.!James!Glapa\Grossklag! M! Dean! College!of!the!Canyons! USA!31. ! Dr.!Griff!Richards! M! Manager,!Educational!Technology!

and!Learning!Resources!African!Virtual!University! Kenya!

32. ! James!Wachira! M! ICT!Assistant! African!Virtual!University! Kenya!33. ! Mr.!Franklin!Mutahakana! M! Senior!Program!Officer! African!Capacity!Building!Foundation!

(ACBF)!Zimbabwe!

34. ! Prof.!Chipo!Dyanda! F! DVC\Academic! University!of!Zimbabwe! Zimbabwe!

Francophone$35. ! Dr.!Laurence!Rabotovao!

Ramanandraisoa!F$ Enseignant\chercheur,!Responsable!!

Centre!d’éducation$Université!d’Antananarivo! Madagascar!

36. ! Prof.!Jean!Claude!Omer!Andrianarimanana!

M$ Directeur$ Ecole!Normale!Supérieure!d’Antananarivo! Madagascar!

37. ! Dr.!Ndiaye!Ndiougou! M$ Chercheur,!Expert!e\learning!/!formation!à!distance/!TICE$

UCAD\Dakar! Senegal!

38. ! Dr.!Sarr!Mamadou! M$ Coordinateur!de!la!formation!à!distance!!(FAD)$

UCAD!/FASTEF! Senegal!

39. ! Prof.!Ibrahim!Niang! M! Directeur!Centre!de!ressources!Technologiques!et!Pédagogiques!!

Université!Cheikh!Anta!Diop!de!Dakar! Senegal!

Lusophone$40. ! Prof.!Banze!Junior!Jacinto!

Cipriano!M$ Chefe!do!Departemento!Central$ Université!Pedagogiqué! Mozambique!

!

!

!


21. List%of%Delegates%!No.$ Name$ Gender$ Current$Position$ Institution$ Country$

Anglophone$41. ! Ms.!Bona!I.!Maandera! F! Lecturer! The!Virtual!University!of!Uganda! Britain!42. ! Dr.!Taye!Tolemariam!Ejeta! M! \! Jimma!University! Ethiopia!43. ! Dr.!Najim!Ussiph! M! Lecturer! Kwame!Nkurumah!University!of!Science!&!!

Technology,!Kumasi!Ghana!

44. ! Mr.!Joshua!C.!Mallet! M! Director! CENDLOS\MOE! Ghana!

45. ! Prof.!Mawuadem!Koku!Amedeker!

M! AG.!Director,!Quality!Assurance!Unit!

University!of!Education,!Winneba,!Ghana! Ghana!

46. ! Prof.!Odai!Samuel!Nii! M! Pro!Vice\Chancellor! Kwame!Nkurumah!University!of!Science!&!Technology!

Ghana!

47. ! Prof.!Haruo!Takemura! M! Director,!Teaching!and!Learning!Support!Centre!

Osaka!University! Japan!

48. ! Mr.!Larry!Cooperman! M! Board!Member! ! Kenya!

49. ! Dr.!Anne!A.!Assey! F! Senior!Lecturer! University!of!Nairobi! Kenya!

50. ! Dr.!Beatrice!Khamati!Njenga! F! Head,!Education!Unit! African!Union! Kenya!

51. ! Dr.!Speranza!Ndege! F! Director,!ODEL! Kenyatta!University/!Open!University!of!Kenya! Kenya!52. ! Eng.!Martin!M.!Nzomo! M! Ag.!Dean!School!of!Engineering!

&!Technology!!Kenyatta!University! Kenya!

53. ! Guantai!Mboroki! M! Deputy!Chairman,!Technical!Committee!

Open!University!of!Kenya! Kenya!

54. ! Mr.!Elizaphan!Muuro!Maina! M! Lecturer$ Kenyatta!University! Kenya!55. ! Mr.!James!M.!Kiburi! M! Representing!Principal!

Secretary\Education!Ministry!of!Education!Science!and!Technology! Kenya!

56. ! Mr.!John!Kandiri! M! Lecturer$ Kenyatta!University! Kenya!57. ! Mr.!Ronald!M.!Michieka! M! Lecturer! Masinde!Muliro!University! Kenya!

58. ! Mrs.!Sabellah!Mochire! F! Lecturer! Rift!Valley!Institute!of!Science!and!Technology! Kenya!

59. ! Ms.!Fenny!W.!S.!Mwakisha! F! Director!Higher!Education! Ministry!of!Education!Science!and!Technology! Kenya!

60. ! Ms.!Lucy!M.!Gitau! F! Lecturer! Kenyatta!University! Kenya!

!

!


61. ! Prof.!Henry!W.!Mutoro! M! DVC!Academic!Affairs! University!of!Nairobi! Kenya!62. ! Prof.!Rose!Mwonya! F! DVC!Academic! Egerton!!University! Kenya!

63. ! Dr.!Elias!Kaphesi! M! Lecturer$ University!of!Malawi\The!Polytechnic! Malawi!64. ! Dr.!Grace!Stephenson!Banda! F! Lecturer$ Lilongwe!Teachers!College! Malawi!65. ! Mr.!Bikers!Jos! M! Policy!Adviser! Open!Universiteit!Netherlands! Netherlands!66. ! Mr.!Willem!Van!Valkenburg! M! Director!Open!Education! Delft!University!of!Technology!! Netherlands!

67. ! Dr.!Ogidan!Rotimi! M! Deputy!Director!Learner!Support!

National!Open!University!of!Nigeria! Nigeria!

68. ! Mrs.!Aaron!Vera!Anap! F! Tutor!I! University!of!Jos! Nigeria!

69. ! Prof.!Andrew!Ighofouwe!Joe!! M! Deputy!Vice\!Chancellor!and!National!Coordinator,!AVU!

University!of!Port!Harcourt!! Nigeria!

70. ! Prof.!Mafiana!Chiedu!Felix! M! Director,!Quality!Assurance! National!Universities!Commission! Nigeria!71. ! Mr.!Kayumba!Theogene! M! Director!of!ICT!in!Education/!

Coordinator!of!AVU!project!Phase!II!!

Ministry!of!Education! Rwanda!

72. ! Mr.!Omar!Ali!Abdillahi! M! Vice\President!for!Academic!Affairs!!

Amoud!University! Somaliland!

73. ! Ms.!Brenda!Mallinson! F! Programme!Specialist!Learning!Technologies!!

South!African!Institute!for!Distance!Education!(SIDE)!

South!Africa!

74. ! Ms.!Bridget!Nash! F! Community!Coordinator/Project!Manager!

Siyavula!Education! South!Africa!

75. ! Prof.!William!Fraser! M! Head!of!Department!Science,!Maths!and!Technical!Education!

University!of!Pretoria! South!Africa!

76. ! Prof.!Aggrey!Abate! M! University!of!Juba! Vice\Chancellor! South!Sudan!

77. ! Dr.!Benjamin!Gabriel!Apai! M! Director!General! Ministry!of!Education!Science!and!Technology!! South!Sudan!

78. ! Mr.!Ignasi!Labastida! M! Head!of!Office!for!knowledge!Dissemination!!

Universitat!de!Barcelona/!Creative!Commons! Spain!

79. ! Prof.!Alex!Rayon! M$ Lecturer!and!researcher$ University!of!Deusto! Spain!

80. ! Prof.!Ezra!Maritim! M! Board!Member! The!Open!University!of!Tanzania! Tanzania!

81. ! Dr.!Damasen!Ikwaba!Paul! M! Lecturer$ The!Open!University!of!Tanzania! Tanzania!

!

!


82. ! Dr.!Juma!Hemed!Lungo! M! Lecturer$ University!of!Dar\es\salaam! Tanzania!83. ! Dr.!Mussa!M.!Kissaka! M! Director! University!of!Dar!es!salaam! Tanzania!84. ! Mr.!Chacha!Musabi!Mariba! M! National!Coordinator! Ministry!of!Education! Tanzania!85. ! Mr.!Joel!S.!Mtebe! M! Assistant!Lecturer$ University!of!Dar\es\salaam! Tanzania!86. ! Ms.!Zamzam!Ibrahim!Nyandara! F! Assistant!Lecturer$ The!Open!University!of!Tanzania! Tanzania!87. ! Prof.!Bisanda!Elifas! M! Deputy!Vice\Chancellor!

(Academic)!The!Open!University!of!Tanzania! Tanzania!

88. ! Prof.!Makenya!A.!H.!Maboko! M! Deputy!Vice!Chancellor\Academic!

University!of!Dar!es!Salaam! Tanzania!

89. ! Dr.!Omar!Jah! M! Deputy!Vice!Chancellor!Administration!and!Finance!

University!of!the!Gambia! The!Gambia!

90. ! Mr.!Momodou!Katim!Touray! M! Deputy!Permanent!Secretary!Programmes!

Ministry!of!Higher!Education,!Research,!Science!and!Technology!

The!Gambia!

91. ! Mr.!Kayanja!Julius!Mawejje! M! Director!of!Studies! Norfolk!Vocational!Institute/!Revival!University!

Uganda!

92. ! Prof.!Nabugoomu!Fabian! M! Deputy!Vice!Chancellor(Finance!and!Administration)!

Kyambogo!University! Uganda!

93. ! Ms.!Forward!Mary!Lou! F! Executive!Director! OpenCourse!Ware!Consortium! USA!94. ! Ms.!Kathleen!Ludewig!Omollo! F! MSIS!International!Program!

Manager!University!of!Michigan!Medical!School! USA!

95. ! Prof.!Charles!Isbell! M! Professor!and!Senior!Associate!Dean!

Georgia!Institute!of!Technology!! USA!

96. ! Prof.!Diafuka!Saila\Ngita! M! Research!Assistant!Professor! Tufts!University! USA!97. ! Prof.!James!Glapa\Grossklag! M! Dean! College!of!the!Canyons! USA!98. ! Prof.!Michael!Best! M! <$ Georgia!Institute!of!Technology! USA!99. ! Dr.!Vitalicy!Chifwepa! M! University!Librarian! University!of!Zambia! Zambia!

100. ! Mr.!Franklin!Mutahakana! M! Senior!Program!Officer! African!Capacity!Building!Foundation!(ACBF)! Zimbabwe!

101. ! Mrs.!Caroline!G.N.!Magune! F! Educational!Technologies!Administrator!

Africa!University! Zimbabwe!

102. ! Prof.!Chipo!Dyanda! F! DVC\Academic! University!of!Zimbabwe! Zimbabwe!

Francophone$

!

!


103. ! Dr.!Sangare!Oumar!M.!Machioud!

M! Conseiller!Technique! Ministère!de!l’Enseignement!Supérieur! Benin!

104. ! Prof.!Da!Cruz!Maxim! M! 1er!Vice\Recteur!Chargé!des!Affaires!Académiques!et!de!la!Recherche!Universitaire!!(VRAARU)!

Université!d'Abomey\Calavi! Benin!

105. ! Dr.!Semde!Cyrille! M! DIESPU,$Université!de!Ouagadougou$

Université!de!Ouagadougou/DGSER! Burkina!Faso!

106. ! Prof.!Barro!Nicolas! M! Vice\président! Université!de!Ouagadougou! Burkina!Faso!107. ! M.!Ndayishimiye!Piè! M! Deputy!Vice\Chancellor!Academic! Université!Lumière!de!Bujumbura!! Burundi!108. ! M.!Ntabindi!Jean! M! Conseiller!du!Ministre! Burundi,!Coordinateur!national!de!la!phase!II!

UVA!Burundi!

109. ! Dr.!Emvudu!Wono!Yves!Sebastien!

! National!Coordinator! Ministry!of!Higher!Education! Cameroon!

110. ! Prof.!Mundala!O.!Tete! M! National!Coordinator! Ministère!Enseignement!Supérieure!! Congo!(RDC)!111. ! Dr.!Laurence!Rabotovao!

Ramanandraisoa!F$ Enseignant\chercheur,!

Responsable!!Centre!d’éducation$Université!d’Antananarivo! Madagascar!

112. ! Prof.!Jean!Claude!Omer!Andrianarimanana!

M$ Directeur$ Ecole!Normale!Supérieure!d’Antananarivo! Madagascar!

113. ! Prof.!Randriansa!Roger! M! Vice\président! Université!Antananarivo!! Madagascar!

114. ! Dr.!Soiba!Diarra! M! Directeur!des!études! Ecole!Normale!Supérieure! Mali!115. ! Prof.!Diallo!Ouaténi! M! Vice\Recteur! Université!des!Sciences!des!Techniques!et!des!

Technologies,!Bamako!(USTTB)!Mali!

116. ! Prof.!Ouane!Amadou! M! Directeur!de!la!Recherche!á!l’ENEPT!

Cabinet!Ministère!Enseignement!Supérieur!du!Mali!

Mali!

117. ! Dr.!Kone!Youssouf!Sadio!! M! Gestionnaire!des!Programmes!UVA!

Université!des!Sciences!de!Technologie!et!Médicine!

Mauritania!

118. ! Prof.!Nah!Mohamed!Lemine! M! Vice\président!AP.AC.! Université!de!Nouakchott! Mauritania!

119. ! Dr.!Niandou!Madize!Aissata! F! Conseillère!Technique!du!Ministre!! Ministère!de!l’Enseignement!Supérieur!! Niger!

120. ! Prof.!Amadou!Boureima! M! Vice\Recteur!chargé!des!affaires!académiques!!

Université!!Abdou!Mounouni!de!Niamey! Niger!

!

!


121. ! Dr.!Ndiaye!Ndiougou! M$ Chercheur,!Expert!e\learning!/!formation!à!distance/!TICE$

UCAD\Dakar! Senegal!

122. ! Dr.!Sarr!Mamadou! M$ Coordinateur!de!la!formation!à!distance!!(FAD)$

UCAD!/FASTEF! Senegal!

123. ! Prof.!Ibrahim!Niang! M! Directeur!Centre!de!ressources!Technologiques!et!Pédagogiques!!

Université!Cheikh!Anta!Diop!de!Dakar! Senegal!

124. ! Prof.!Lo!Moussa! M! Vice\président! Université!Gaston!Berger! Senegal!

$ $ Lusophone$125. ! Rogerio!Uthui! ! ! ! !126. ! Prof.!Murilo!Matos!Mendonça! M! OER!Co\ordinator/!

International!Relations!Manager!

Unisul!Virtual! Brazil!

127. ! Dr.!Paulo!Cesar!Lopes!Corsino! M! Assessor! Ministerio!do!Ensino!Superior!Ciencia!e!Inovação!

Cape!Verde!

128. ! Prof.!Bartolomeu!Lopes!Varela! $ Próreitor$ Universidade!de!Cabo!Verde! Cape!Verde!129. ! Dr.!Joáo!Ribeiro!Butiam!Có! M! Diretor!Geral! Instituto!Nacional!de!Estudos!e!Pesquisa! Guinea!Bissau!130. ! Prof.!Manuel!Malam!Jafono! M! Coordenador!nacional!de!LIVA,!

Guiné!Bissau!Ministério!de!Educacao!Nacional! Guinea!Bissau!

131. ! Prof.!Banze!Junior!Jacinto!Cipriano!

M$ Chefe!do!Departemento!Central$

Université!Pedagogiqué! Mozambique!

132. ! Prof.!Bendita!Donaciano! F$ Pró\Reitora!Para!A!Graduaçao$ Universidade!de!Pedagógica\Mogambique! Mozambique!133. ! Sr.!Danilo!Parbato!

!M! Oficial!de!Comunicaça! Moçambique!–!Ministerio!da!Educação!–!

Direcção!do!Ensino!Superior!Mozambique!

! !

!

!


22. List%of%ACEP%Participants%%The!following!ACEP!participants!attended!the!conference!

S/n$ Name$ Current$Position$ Institution$ Country$

Anglophone$1. ! Dr!Craig!T.!Montgomerie! Professor!Emeritus! University!of!Alberta! Canada!

2. ! Mr!Brian!Stewart! Executive!Program!Director! University!of!Alberta! Canada!

3. ! Dr.!Yaregal!Assabie! Chair,!Department!of!Computer!Science! Addis!Ababa!University!! Ethiopia!

4. ! Mrs.!Amsale!Zelalem! Lecturer! Addis!Ababa!University!! Ethiopia!

5. ! Mr.!Ashenafi!Kassahun! Lecturer! Addis!Ababa!University!! Ethiopia!

6. ! Mr.!Wondwossen!Mulugeta!Gewe!

Lecturer! Addis!Ababa!University!! Ethiopia!

7. ! Mr.!Nesredien!Suleiman! Lecturer! Addis!Ababa!University!! Ethiopia!

8. ! Gamel!Wiredu!! Lecturer! Ghana!Institute!of!Management!and!Public!Administration!

Ghana!

9. ! Nana!Assyne! Lecturer! Ghana!Institute!of!Management!and!Public!Administration!

Ghana!

10. ! Ms!Apraku!Boadu!Felicia! Lecturer! Ghana!Institute!of!Management!and!Public!Administration!

Ghana!

11. ! Dr!Isaac!Wiafe! Lecturer! Ghana!Institute!of!Management!and!Public!Administration!

Ghana!

12. ! Joseph!Kwame!Adjoi! Lecturer! Ghana!Institute!of!Management!and!Public!Administration!

Ghana!

13. ! Felicia!Apraku\Boadu! !! Ghana!Institute!of!Management!and!Public!Administration!

Ghana!

14. ! Mr!Julius!Quarshie!Azasoo! !! Ghana!Institute!of!Management!and!Public!Administration!

Ghana!

15. ! Mr.!Christopher!Addo! !! Kwame!Nkrumah!University!of!Science!and!Technology!

Ghana!

!

!



16. ! Dr.!Peter!Amoako\Yirenkyi! Lecturer! Kwame!Nkrumah!University!of!Science!and!Technology!

Ghana!

17. ! Mr.!Abeaku!Badu!Arthur! IT!Help!Desk!&!Support! Kwame!Nkrumah!University!of!Science!and!Technology!

Ghana!

18. ! Mrs!Rebecca!Essel! Research!Fellow! Kwame!Nkrumah!University!of!Science!and!Technology!

Ghana!

19. ! Mrs!Caroline!Owusu\Boateng! IT!Manager! Kwame!Nkrumah!University!of!Science!and!Technology!

Ghana!

20. ! Dr.!Edward!Kwame!Asante! Director,!Institute!for!Educational!Development!&!Extension!

University!of!Education!Winneba! Ghana!

21. ! Dr.!Salome!Essuman! !Head,!Centre!for!Distance!Education! University!of!Education!Winneba! Ghana!

22. ! Dr.!Alhaji!Yidana!Issifu!! Head!of!Department!ICT! University!of!Education!Winneba! Ghana!

23. ! Dr.!Ephrem!Kwaku!Kwaa\Aidoo! Lecturer! University!of!Education!Winneba! Ghana!

24. ! Dr.!Kwaku!Frederick!Sarfo! Snr!Lecturer! University!of!Education!Winneba! Ghana!

25. ! Mr.!Jones!Apawu! Lecturer! University!of!Education!Winneba! Ghana!

26. ! Dr!Rhoda!Gitonga! Lecturer! Kenyatta!University! Kenya!

27. ! Eng.!Martin!Mutuku!Nzomo! Dean!School!of!Engineering!and!Technology!

Kenyatta!University! Kenya!!

28. ! Dr.!David!Nzuki! Lecturer! Kenyatta!University! Kenya!!

29. ! Ms.!Rose!Njoroge! Lecturer! Kenyatta!University! Kenya!!

30. ! Ms!Lucy!M.!Gitau! Lecturer! Kenyatta!University! Kenya!!

31. ! Mr.!Harrison!Njoroge! Lecturer! Kenyatta!University! Kenya!!

32. ! Prof.!Ndirangu!Mwangi!!!!! !! Egerton!University! Kenya!!

33. ! Mr.!Jackson!G.!Kabira! Lecturer! Egerton!University! Kenya!!

34. ! Prof.!Fred!Keraro!! !! Egerton!University! Kenya!!

35. ! Dr.!Ing.!W.!G.!Gikaru!!!!! Snr!Lecturer! Egerton!University! Kenya!!

!

!



36. ! Prof.!J.!O.!!Ouma!! Dean!Faculty!of!Science!! Egerton!University! Kenya!!

37. ! Prof!Harriet!Kidombo! Dean!School!of!Continuing!and!Distance!Education!

University!of!Nairobi! Kenya!!

38. ! Mrs!Noela!Kipyegen! Assistant!Lecturer! Egerton!University! Kenya!!

39. ! Dr.!Fanny!Obiamaka!Anikpo! Lecturer!II! University!of!Port!Harcourt! Nigeria!

40. ! Dr.!Ramota!Abiodun!Ogunkunle!! Associate!Professor! University!of!Port!Harcourt! Nigeria!

41. ! Mrs!Eseroghene!Avwiri! Assistant!Lecturer! University!of!Port!Harcourt! Nigeria!

42. ! Mr.!Eralei!Christian!Iderima! Head!MIS! University!of!Port!Harcourt! Nigeria!

43. ! Prof.!Hyacinth!Ibe!Dike! Director!ODeL! University!of!Port!Harcourt! Nigeria!

44. ! Dr.!Christopher!Agwu! Lecturer! University!of!Port!Harcourt! Nigeria!

45. ! Mr.!Justo!Koma!Petronio! Director!Center!for!Distance!Education! University!of!Juba! South!Sudan!!

46. ! Mr.!Joseph!Badys!Amozay!Mayaka!!

Lecturer! University!of!Juba! South!Sudan!!

47. ! Ms.!Eva!Yayi!Mawa!Upele! Teaching!Assistant! University!of!Juba! South!Sudan!!

48. ! Mr.!Otim!Gama! Lecturer! University!of!Juba! South!Sudan!!

49. ! Dr.!Othow!Onak!Giel! Assistant!Professor! University!of!Juba! South!Sudan!!

50. ! Ms.!Rose!Hezekiah!!Jonathan!Kilonga!

Teaching!Assistant! University!of!Juba! South!Sudan!!

51. ! Dr.!Musa!Fadlalla!Ali!Idris! Principal!/!Director!of!Administration!and!Financial!Affairs!

Open!University!of!Sudan! Sudan!

52. ! Dr.!Salah!Babiker!Eisa!Mohagir! Business!Administration!Program!Coordinator!

Open!University!of!Sudan! Sudan!

53. ! Dr.!Ahmed!Salaheldin!Abdalla!Mohamed!

Lecturer! Open!University!of!Sudan! Sudan!

54. ! Dr.!Nourelhuda!Isameldien!Osman!

Assistant!Professor! Open!University!of!Sudan! Sudan!

55. ! Dr.!Omer!Musa!Alhassan!Omer! Lecturer! Open!University!of!Sudan! Sudan!

!

!



56. ! Ms.!Rania!Edrees!Adam! Lecturer! Open!University!of!Sudan! Sudan!

57. ! Mrs.!Sophie!Mgaiwa! Coordinator!Ext!Progrmes!/!Principal!Systems!Analyst!

University!of!Dar!es!Salaam! Tanzania!!

58. ! Mr.!Anthony!Kigombola! ODeL!Coordinator/Lecturer! University!of!Dar!es!Salaam! Tanzania!!

59. ! Ms.!Amina!Ally!Kiluwasha! Snr!Systems!Administrator! University!of!Dar!es!Salaam! Tanzania!!

60. ! Mr.!Oscar!Mashauri! Systems!Administrator! University!of!Dar!es!Salaam! Tanzania!!

61. ! Dr.!Suzan!Lujara! Principal!Laboratory!Engineer! University!of!Dar!es!Salaam! Tanzania!!

62. ! Mr.!Mulembwa!Munaku! Assistant!Lecturer! University!of!Dar!es!Salaam! Tanzania!!

63. ! Mr!Moro!Krubally! !! University!of!the!Gambia! The!Gambia!

64. ! Mam!Marie!Nyang!Kah! Administrative!Assistant! University!of!the!Gambia! The!Gambia!

65. ! Mr.!Malang!Jarju! Graduate!Assistant! University!of!the!Gambia! The!Gambia!

66. ! Mr.!Muhammed!Njie! Lecturer! University!of!the!Gambia! The!Gambia!

67. ! Ms.!Wuday!Colley! !! University!of!the!Gambia! The!Gambia!

68. ! Mr.!Malick!Jobe! Teaching!Assistant! University!of!the!Gambia! The!Gambia!

Francophone$

69. ! Prof!Ousséni!SO! Directeur!General! Institut!des!Sciences!de!Ouagadougou! Burkina!Faso!!

70. ! Mr!Salifou!DENE! Ingenier!Webmaster! Institut!des!Sciences!de!Ouagadougou! Burkina!Faso!!

71. ! Dr!Moumini!KERE! !Assistant!(mathématiques,!!informatique)!

Institut!des!Sciences!de!Ouagadougou! Burkina!Faso!!

72. ! Mme!Geneviève!KABRE!BARRO! Maître!de!conférences,!Responsable!pédagogique!de!la!FFOAD!!


73. ! Mr!Namoussa!MANO! Leicteur!des!stages!/!Formateur!pedagagique!


74. ! Prof!Félix!KABATA! Chef!de!Department!! Institut!Supérieur!Pédagogique!de!Gombe! DR!Congo!!

75. ! Mr!Justin!ISAKATONGA!LOANIE! Chef!de!Department!! Institut!Supérieur!Pédagogique!de!Gombe! DR!Congo!!

76. ! Mr!Jean!Jacques!!BOANGA!wa! Charge'!de!Recherch!et!d'!enseignement! Institut!Supérieur!Pédagogique!de!Gombe! DR!Congo!!

!

!



LITUTE!!

77. ! Mr!Francis!BOBOLA!!MATUMELE!!

Charge!des!Pratiques!Professionnnelles! Institut!Supérieur!Pédagogique!de!Gombe! DR!Congo!!

78. ! Mr!Suzanne!Okako!Ngole!KINGOMBE!

Chef!de!Section!Adjoint!Charge!de!L'enseignement!

Institut!Supérieur!Pédagogique!de!Gombe! DR!Congo!!

79. ! Mrs!Josée!LUKUSU!DJAMBA!! Chargee!de!Cours! Institut!Supérieur!Pédagogique!de!Gombe! DR!Congo!!

80. ! Moussa!Keiffing!Kanté! Directeur!de!Center!FOADel! Ecole!Normale!Supérieure!de!Bamako! Mali!

81. ! Dr!Baba!Moussoudou!Touré! Head!of!Section\!Continous!Teacher!Training!

Ecole!Normale!Supérieure!de!Bamako! Mali!

82. ! Mr!Tamba!Camara! Assistant! Ecole!Normale!Supérieure!de!Bamako! Mali!

83. ! Dr!Daouda!Dougoumalé!Cissé! Responsable!Pédagogique!des!Technologies!Educatives!


84. ! Mr!Alpha!Ousmane! Chef!de!Département!!des!Mathématiques!


Lusophone$

85. ! Prof!Maria!Luísa!Inocêncio!! Diretora! Universidade!de!Cape!Verde! Cape!Verde!!

86. ! Prof!Ariana!Margarete!Lopes!! Docente! Universidade!de!Cape!Verde! Cape!Verde!!

87. ! Prof!Elisabeth!Andrade!! Professor!ICT! Universidade!de!Cape!Verde! Cape!Verde!!

88. ! Prof!João!do!Monte!Gomes!Duarte!

Professor!ICT! Universidade!de!Cape!Verde! Cape!Verde!!

89. ! Mrs!Carla!Tavares!! Professor! Universidade!de!Cape!Verde! Cape!Verde!!

90. ! Prof!Emmanuel!Couturier! Coordonator!Teenico!EaD!ECAA! Universidade!de!Cape!Verde! Cape!Verde!!

91. ! Prof!Eusébio!Sá! ICT!Professor!(ESE\Tchico!Te)! Escola!Superior!de!Educação!da!Guiné\Bissau! Guiné!\!Bissau!

92. ! Prof!Fernando!Sanhã! ICT!Professor!(ESE\Tchico!Te)! Escola!Superior!de!Educação!da!Guiné\Bissau! Guiné!\!Bissau!

93. ! Edualdo!Costa! Director!de!Servico!de!informatica! Escola!Superior!de!Educação!da!Guiné\Bissau! Guiné!\!Bissau!

94. ! Dr!Issufo!Camará! Director!da!ENEFD! Escola!Superior!de!Educação!da!Guiné\Bissau! Guiné!\!Bissau!

!

!



95. ! Mr!Zeca!Jandi! Docente! Escola!Superior!de!Educação!da!Guiné\Bissau! Guiné!\!Bissau!

avu 2013 conference final report 2013 conference final … · avu 2013 conference final report ......

Documents