aw101 e28093 occupational safety healthbab 5

7/27/2019 Aw101 e28093 Occupational Safety Healthbab 5

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AW101 AW101

OCCUPATIONALOCCUPATIONAL

SAFETY & HEALTHSAFETY & HEALTH

5.0 : INCIDENTS5.0 : INCIDENTSPREVENTIONPREVENTION


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Incident ?Incident ?

An abnormal event, not wanted, thatAn abnormal event, not wanted, thatresult from an abrupt, unexpected andresult from an abrupt, unexpected andaccidental form that interrupts the normalaccidental form that interrupts the normalcontinuity of the work (Baselga 1984).continuity of the work (Baselga 1984).

Standard UNE 81900 explains an incidentStandard UNE 81900 explains an incidentas undesired or unwanted that given riseas undesired or unwanted that given riseto losses in the health of injuries of theto losses in the health of injuries of theworker.worker.

An incident could have resulted in aAn incident could have resulted in aserious accident or injury (Senecal &serious accident or injury (Senecal &Burke).Burke).

An incident could result in damage toAn incident could result in damage to

property or equipment and it could resultproperty or equipment and it could result


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INCIDENTS

ACCIDENTS


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Krause & Hidley (1992) found thatKrause & Hidley (1992) found thatthe difference between inccident andthe difference between inccident and

accident:accident:

1. needing only first aid verses a1. needing only first aid verses amajor medical intervention.major medical intervention.

2. owed in a certain way, to the2. owed in a certain way, to the

factor of luck near miss.factor of luck near miss. Conclusion :Conclusion : IncidentIncident is a fact oris a fact or

event not planned nor wanted thatevent not planned nor wanted that

will occasionally result in anwill occasionally result in anunintentional injury or health relatedunintentional injury or health relatedproblems, will occasionally result inproblems, will occasionally result indamages to property, products or todamages to property, products or to

the enviroment, loss of productionthe enviroment, loss of production


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Types Of IncidentTypes Of IncidentType 5Type 5

The incident can be handled with one orThe incident can be handled with one ortwo single resources with up to sixtwo single resources with up to six

personnel.personnel.

Command and General Staff positionsCommand and General Staff positions

(other than the Incident Commander) are(other than the Incident Commander) are

not activated.not activated.

No written Incident Action Plan (IAP) isNo written Incident Action Plan (IAP) is

required.required. The incident is contained within the firstThe incident is contained within the first

operational period and often within anoperational period and often within an

hour to a few hours after resources arrivehour to a few hours after resources arrive

on scene.on scene.


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Type 4Type 4 Command staff and general staff functionsCommand staff and general staff functions

are activated only if needed.are activated only if needed. Several resources are required to mitigate theSeveral resources are required to mitigate the

incident.incident. The incident is usually limited to oneThe incident is usually limited to one

operational period in the control phase.operational period in the control phase. The agency administrator may have briefings,The agency administrator may have briefings,

and ensure the complexity analysis andand ensure the complexity analysis anddelegation of authority are updated.delegation of authority are updated.

No written Incident Action Plan (IAP) isNo written Incident Action Plan (IAP) isrequired but a documented operationalrequired but a documented operational

briefing will be completed for all incomingbriefing will be completed for all incomingresources.resources.

The role of the agency administrator includesThe role of the agency administrator includesoperational plans including objectives andoperational plans including objectives and


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Type 3Type 3 When capabilities exceed initial attack, theWhen capabilities exceed initial attack, the

appropriate ICS positions should be added toappropriate ICS positions should be added to

match the complexity of the incident.match the complexity of the incident. Some or all of the Command and General StaffSome or all of the Command and General Staff

positions may be activated, as well aspositions may be activated, as well asDivision/Group Supervisor and/or Unit LeaderDivision/Group Supervisor and/or Unit Leaderlevel positions.level positions.

A Type 3 Incident Management Team (IMT) orA Type 3 Incident Management Team (IMT) orincident command organization manages initialincident command organization manages initialaction incidents with a significant number ofaction incidents with a significant number ofresources, an extended attack incident untilresources, an extended attack incident until

containment/control is achieved, or an expandingcontainment/control is achieved, or an expandingincident until transition to a Type 1 or 2 team.incident until transition to a Type 1 or 2 team. The incident may extend into multiple operationalThe incident may extend into multiple operational

periods.periods. A written IAP may be required for eachA written IAP may be required for each

operational period.operational period.


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Type 2Type 2 This type of incident extends beyond theThis type of incident extends beyond the

capabilities for local control and is expected to gocapabilities for local control and is expected to go

into multiple operational periods. A Type 2into multiple operational periods. A Type 2incident may require the response of resourcesincident may require the response of resourcesout of area, including regional and/or nationalout of area, including regional and/or nationalresources, to effectively manage the operations,resources, to effectively manage the operations,command, and general staffing.command, and general staffing.

Most or all of the Command and General StaffMost or all of the Command and General Staffpositions are filled.positions are filled.

A written IAP is required for each operationalA written IAP is required for each operationalperiod.period.

Many of the functional units are needed andMany of the functional units are needed andstaffed.staffed.

Operations personnel normally do not exceed 200Operations personnel normally do not exceed 200per operational period and totalper operational period and total

incident personnel do not exceed 500 (guidelinesincident personnel do not exceed 500 (guidelinesonly).only).


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Type 1Type 1 This type of incident is the most complex,This type of incident is the most complex,

requiring national resources to safely andrequiring national resources to safely and

effectively manage and operate.effectively manage and operate. All Command and General Staff positions areAll Command and General Staff positions are

activated.activated. Operations personnel often exceed 500 perOperations personnel often exceed 500 per

operational period and total personnel will usuallyoperational period and total personnel will usuallyexceed 1,000.exceed 1,000. Branches need to be established.Branches need to be established. The agency administrator will have briefings, andThe agency administrator will have briefings, and

ensure that the complexity analysis andensure that the complexity analysis anddelegation of authority are updated.delegation of authority are updated.

Use of resource advisors at the incident base isUse of resource advisors at the incident base isrecommended.recommended.

There is a high impact on the local jurisdiction,There is a high impact on the local jurisdiction,

requiring additional staff for office administrativerequiring additional staff for office administrativeand su ort functions.and su ort functions.


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Unsafe ActUnsafe Act

Performance of a task or other activity thatPerformance of a task or other activity that

is conducted in a manner that mayis conducted in a manner that maythreaten the health and/or safety ofthreaten the health and/or safety of

workers. Examples are :workers. Examples are :

Operating without qualification orOperating without qualification orauthorization.authorization.

Operating equipment at unsafe .Operating equipment at unsafe .

Failure to warn.Failure to warn.

Using defective equipmentUsing defective equipment

Working in hazardous locations withoutWorking in hazardous locations without

adequate protection or warning.adequate protection or warning.

Wearing unsafe clothing.Wearing unsafe clothing.


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Unsafe ConditionsUnsafe ConditionsA condition in the work place that isA condition in the work place that is

likely to cause property damage orlikely to cause property damage orinjury. Examples are :injury. Examples are :

Defective tools, equipment, orDefective tools, equipment, or

supplies.supplies. Fire and explosion hazards.Fire and explosion hazards. Inadequate supports or guards.Inadequate supports or guards.

Poor housekeeping.Poor housekeeping. Hazardous atmospheric condition.Hazardous atmospheric condition. Excessive noise.Excessive noise.

Poor ventilation.Poor ventilation.


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Hazard ?Hazard ?

HazardHazardA source or a situation with aA source or a situation with apotential for harmpotential for harm to humans,to humans,property and damage of environmentproperty and damage of environment

or a combination of these.or a combination of these. DangerDanger

Relative exposure to hazard.Relative exposure to hazard. RiskRisk

A combination ofA combination oflikelihoodlikelihood ofofoccurrence andoccurrence and severityseverity of injury orof injury or

damage.damage.


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Classification & PotentialClassification & Potential

Sources of HazardsSources of Hazards

ClassificationClassification Example of HazardsExample of Hazards Mechanical - Sharp points & edges,Mechanical - Sharp points & edges,

overload.overload. Electrical - Insulation damaged or coverElectrical - Insulation damaged or cover

brokenbroken Biological - Exposed, airborne/blood borneBiological - Exposed, airborne/blood borne

microorganism.microorganism. Chemical - Expose to carcinogensChemical - Expose to carcinogens

chemicalchemical Ergonomics - Expose to unnatural posturesErgonomics - Expose to unnatural postures


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The Process of RiskThe Process of Risk

ManagementManagement

Classify ActivitiesClassify Activities

(Work, Product, Services)(Work, Product, Services)

Identify HazardIdentify Hazard

Assess The RiskAssess The Risk

Risk ControlRisk Control

Review Risk ControlReview Risk Control


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Identify HazardsIdentify Hazards

1.1. Walk aroundWalk around your workplace and look at whatyour workplace and look at what

could reasonably be expected to cause harm.could reasonably be expected to cause harm.2.2. Ask your employeesAsk your employees or their representativesor their representatives

what they think. They may have noticed thingswhat they think. They may have noticed thingsthat are not immediately obvious to you.that are not immediately obvious to you.

3.3. Check manufacturers instructionsCheck manufacturers instructions or dataor datasheets for chemicals and equipment as they cansheets for chemicals and equipment as they canbe very helpful in spelling out the hazards andbe very helpful in spelling out the hazards andputting them in their true perspective.putting them in their true perspective.

4.4. Have a look back at yourHave a look back at your accident and ill-accident and ill-

health recordshealth records these often help to identify these often help to identifythe less obvious hazards.the less obvious hazards.

5.5. Remember to think about long-termRemember to think about long-termhazards to healthhazards to health (eg high levels of noise or(eg high levels of noise orexposure to harmful substances) as well asexposure to harmful substances) as well assafety hazards.safety hazards.


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Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment

Is the process of evaluating theIs the process of evaluating the

risk to safety & health fromrisk to safety & health from

hazards at workhazards at work

TypesTypes

- QualitativeQualitative- Semi-quantitativeSemi-quantitative

- QuantitativeQuantitative


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How To Assess RiskHow To Assess Risk

1) Look for the Hazards1) Look for the Hazards

2) Decide who might be harmed &2) Decide who might be harmed &

howhow3) Evaluate the risk and check what3) Evaluate the risk and check what

isis

done to prevent it fromdone to prevent it fromhappeninghappening

4) Record finding4) Record finding

5) Review assessment and revise5) Review assessment and revise


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Types of Risk AssessmentTypes of Risk Assessment

Qualitative - (UseQualitative - (Use Risk MatrixRisk Matrix))

-table scales for-table scales for likelihoodlikelihood andand

severityseverity FatalityFatality

Major injuriesMajor injuries

Minor injuriesMinor injuries

First aid or near missesFirst aid or near misses


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Types of Risk AssessmentTypes of Risk Assessment

Based on statisticBased on statistic

LikelihoodLikelihood

Very likelyVery likely

LikelyLikely

UnlikelyUnlikely Highly UnlikelyHighly Unlikely


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Qualitative Risk TableQualitative Risk Table

SeveritySeverityLikelihoodLikelihood

V/LikelyV/Likely LikelyLikely UnlikelyUnlikely H/UnlikelyH/Unlikely

FatalityFatality HighHigh HighHigh HighHigh MediumMedium

MajorMajorInjuriesInjuries

HighHigh HighHigh MediumMedium MediumMedium

MinorMinorInjuriesInjuries

HighHigh MediuMediumm

MediumMedium LowLow

First Aid/First Aid/

N/misseN/missess

MediumMedium MediuMediumm

LowLow LowLow


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Semi-QuantitativeSemi-Quantitative RiskRisk

AssessmentAssessment

Severity CategoriesSeverity Categories

1. First Aid1. First Aid

2. Less than 4 days M/C2. Less than 4 days M/C

3. More than 4 days M/C3. More than 4 days M/C

4. Fatality & Permanent Disability4. Fatality & Permanent Disability


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Semi-QuantitativeSemi-Quantitative RiskRisk

AssessmentAssessment Likelihood OccurrenceLikelihood Occurrence

1. Yearly1. Yearly2. Monthly2. Monthly

3. Weekly3. Weekly

4. Daily4. Daily


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Semi-QuantitativeSemi-Quantitative Risk TableRisk Table

LIKELIHOODLIKELIHOOD

SS

EE

VVEE

RR

IITT

yy

YearlyYearly MonthlMonthlyy

WeeklWeeklyy

DailyDaily

11 22 33 44

First AidFirst Aid 11 11 22 33 44

< 4 Days< 4 DaysMCMC

22 22 44 66 88

> 4 Days> 4 DaysMCMC

33 33 66 99 1212

Fatality &Fatality &PermanentPermanentDisabilityDisability

44 44 88 1212 1616


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QuantitativeQuantitative Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment

In cases where hazards areIn cases where hazards are

numerous and complexnumerous and complex

eg; Chemical process planteg; Chemical process plantShould have Job Safety AnalysisShould have Job Safety Analysis

(JSA)(JSA)

-

describe job in less than 10 stepsdescribe job in less than 10 steps- List things that can go wrongList things that can go wrong

- eg; Changing a Car Wheeleg; Changing a Car Wheel


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Actions &Actions &

RecommendationsRecommendations EL-EL- EliminateEliminate

SL-SL- SubstituteSubstitute

IS-IS- IsolationIsolation

EC-EC- Engineering ControlEngineering Control

AC -AC - Administration ControlAdministration Control PPE- Personal ProtectionPPE- Personal Protection

EquipmentEquipment


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Actions & RecommendationsActions & Recommendations

Eg;Eg;

EL - stop work, cover hazardEL - stop work, cover hazard

SL - use other route, other material..SL - use other route, other material..

IS - put up temporary barrier,IS - put up temporary barrier,EC - construct permanent wall,..EC - construct permanent wall,..

AC - put up notice, job rotation,AC - put up notice, job rotation,

PPE - gloves, respirator,PPE - gloves, respirator,

aw101 e28093 occupational safety healthbab 5

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