axle-guide

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ntroduction

This guide is to better assist in both common axle identification, and repairs.

Axle Terminology

Open-knuckle An open-knuckle design allows you to see the U-jointof the axle shaft.

Closed-knuckle The U-joint is enclosed in a steer ball at the steeringKnuckle where it isnt visable.

Semi-floating The weight of the vehicle rides on the axle shaft, whichalso spins the wheel.

Full-floating The weight of the vehicle rides on the axle housing andA ring of bolts in the center hold the axle shaft in place.Most heavier housings are full-floating.

Integral The ring gear and pinion gear are set up inside the

differential housing.Drop-out The carrier, or differential, can be removed as a single unit.

It is also called the center section or 3rd member.Reverse rotation The pinion contacts the ring gear above the centerline

and drives the reverse side of the teeth on the ring gear.

Axle Identification and Diagrams

AMC

ChryslerDanaFordGMToyota

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AMC Axles

AMC MODEL 20The AMC 20 sports 12 bolts and a WWI helmet-shaped cover. Its ring and pinion is 3/8 larger than the

D44, but uses smaller shafts and smaller axle tubes, which tend to flex more and lead to breakage.

Two versions, narrow track and wide track, were used in 1976-and-later Jeep CJs, Wagoneers, andullsize Cherokees. Jeep CJs, the Model 20 rear end is both strong and weak. An 8 3/4-inch-diameter ringgear provides strength; weaknesses are the housing itself, two-piece shafts, and the axle-to-hub retainingmethod. Converting to one-piece axles or full-floaters gives this axle better stamina.

Applications1976 1986 Jeep CJ/Scrambler Front / Rear1979 1986 Jeep Wagoneer Front1980 1986 Jeep J10 Front

Ring Gear Diameter: 8.875Pinion Gear Diameter/Splines: 1.62 / 29 splinesAvailable Gearsets: 3.73, 3.07, 3.31, 3.54, 3.73, 4.10, 4.56Available Lockers: ARB, Auburn Limited Slip, Detroit Locker, Detroit EZ Locker

Diagram Click for Large Diagram

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Chrysler Axles

Chrysler 8 This semi-floating rear axle features a 10-bolt cover and appeared in various Jeep XJs and ZJs as early

as 1991. It has also been used as an alternative to the Dana 35C when those units were not available, anhe cover design is so similar that its difficult to distinguish between the two.

Applications1990 2000 Dodge Dakota Rear1972 1996 ton 2WD and 4WDDodge Trucks

Rear

1992 present Cherokees RearSome Grand Cherokees Rear

Ring Gear Diameter: 8.25Pinion Gear Diameter/Splines: 1.626 / 27 splinesAvailable Gearsets: 2.71, 2.94, 3.21, 3.55, 3.90, 4.10, 4.56Available Lockers: Auburn Limited Slip, Dana Trac-Lok, Detroit Locker


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Chrysler 8 Two models of the 8 were available through the years. Both featured a 9-bolt cover and varied only inhe pinion gear diameter. The early version appeared in 1957 1968 Dodge full size trucks and used a.750 pinion gear.

No image available at current time)

Applications1969 1973 Dodge full size trucks rear

Ring Gear Diameter: 8.75Pinion Gear Diameter/Splines: 1.875 /10 splinesAvailable Gearsets: 3.55, 3.91, 4.10, 4.30, 4.56, 4.86, 5.13. 5.38Available Lockers: Auburn Gear Posi-traction, Trac-Lok Limited Slip , Detroit

LockerDiagram Click for Large Diagram

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Chrysler 9 The 9 rear has a 12-bolt , stop sign-shaped cover which is easily identifiable. Its a venerable unitproven by the fact that is has been factory equipment on most on 1/2-ton and 3/4-ton Dodge pickups sinc969.

Applications1969 current Dodge and tontrucks

Rear

1974 1993 Ramchargers Rear

Ring Gear Diameter: 9.25Pinion Gear Diameter/Splines: 1.875 /29 splinesAvailable Gearsets: 2.76, 3.21, 3.55, 3.92, 4.11, 4.56, 4.88 (new)Available Lockers: Auburn Limited Slip, Trac-Lok Limited Slip , Detroit

Locker, PowerTrax No-Slip, Lock-Right


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Dana Axles

All Spicer Carrier Type Axles (rigid or leaf spring) are identified with a manufacturing date and Bill ofMaterial (part number) stamped on the right or left hand tube on driving axles. Each axle contains a gear

atio tag and if axle is equipped with a limited slip differential, it will have a tag specifying the type of limiteslip lubricant to be used.

The Bill of Material will always contain six digits (basic number), followed by a dash numer.Example: 610036-4. The seventh digit, the -4, will identify axle ratio and options.

Axle Model 30,44, etc., will be cast or stamped into web in area shown in illustration below.

Front Axle Models 28IFS, 35IFS, 44IFS and 50IFS.

All Spicer IFS (independent front suspension) type axles are identified by independent stamped steel

support arm assemblies. The left hand (drivers side) support arm also serves as the carrier cover.

Bill of Material and gear ratio are stamped on a metal tag secured to carrier cover. Bill of material is alsostamped on housing between oil fill plug and wheel end.

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Dana D28, D35, D44, and D50IFSThe Dana 28 IFS is pretty easy to pick out of a crowd, since the front cover is actually a component of thesuspension. When Ford began production on the Rangers and Bronco IIs, the company used the TwinTraction Beam-style front suspension that was popularized on the F-series trucks. Essentially, the Dana 2s a downsized version of the Dana 44 IFS used in 1980 1997 F-150s, though its a bit smaller and has

2-bolt cover as opposed to the D44s 10-bolt cover.

The Dana 44 IFS units are easily distinguishable by their familiar 10-bolt pattern and 44 shape. It uses awo piece housing that doubles as a suspension component for the Twin I-Beam equipped Fords and is aeverse-rotation unit.

ApplicationsD28 1983 1993 Ford Ranger FrontD28 1984 1990 Bronco II FrontD44 1980 1996 Ford F-150 Front

D28 Ring Gear Diameter: 6.625D28 Pinion Gear Diameter/Splines: 1.312 /23 splines

D28 Available Gearsets: 3.08, 3.45, 3.73, 4.10, 4.56, 5.13D28 Available Lockers: Dana Trac-Lok

D44 Ring Gear Diameter: 8.5D44 Pinion Gear Diameter/Splines: 1.376 /30 splinesD44 Available Gearsets: 3.00, 3.07, 3.50, 3.54, 4.09, 4.56, 4.88, 5.38D44 Available Lockers: ARB, Dana Trac-Lok, Detroit Locker, Detroit EZ Locke

Detroit Truetrac

Diagram

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Dana 30The Model 30, with a 7 1/8-inch-diameter ring gear, was the standard front differential in some 1972-75CJ-5s and all 1975-and-later CJ-5s and CJ-7s. It is still used in the front of Cherokees and Comanches,and will probably appear in the front of the Grand Cherokee.

Applications1972 1975 Jeep CJ-5 Front1975 later Jeep CJ-5 and CJ-7 FrontMost all Cherokees and Comanches Front

Ring Gear Diameter: 7.2Pinion Gear Diameter/Splines: 1.375 /26 splinesAvailable Gearsets: 2.72-3.54 and 3.73-5.38 Stnd 2.73-3.54 and 3.73-4.56 RevrsAvailable Lockers: ARB, Trac-Lok Limited Slip , Detroit Locker, Lockright


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Dana 35The Dana 35 has been offered in three different configurations: 35, 35C, and 35 IFS. Its recognized by its0-bolt cover, and semi floating, flanged axle tubes (rear applications only). Starting in 1990, the 35

became the 35C, which uses undesirable C-clips to retain the axle shafts. The C stands for custom rathehan the commonly assumed C-clip. The two version use different shafts, bearings, and carriers, and som

of the 35C units have larger axle-housing tubes. A series of drop-out IFS-type Dana 35s were produced fuse in the 4.0L Ford Rangers and Explorers.

Applications

1984 1997 Jeep Cherokee Front / Rear1986 1997 Jeep Comanche Front / Rear1984 1996 Jeep Wrangler Front / Rear1984 1997 Jeep Wagoneer Front1990 1997 Ford Explorer, Ranger,Bronco II

Front

Ring Gear Diameter: 7.562Pinion Gear Diameter/Splines: 1.376 /26 splinesAvailable Gearsets: 2.73, 3.07, 3.27, 3.55, 3.73, 4.10, 4.11, 4.46Available Lockers: ARB, Dana Trac-Lok , Detroit C-Locker, Detroit EZ Locker,

Detroit Truetrac


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Dana 44 (also D41)The Dana 44 is one of the most widely used axles on the market. The D44 went into production in the late40s and has since appeared in virtually every make of production 4x4. It shares its 10-bolt cover designthe second most common style) with the Dana 41 and 53, and have been available in closed- and open-

knuckle styles and in both standard and reverse rotation. There are two basic models of the D44, the to

and the ton, with the -ton version using larger U-joints between the outer and inner axles. The D44was also produced with different spline-count shafts. Jeep used the 19-spline rear axles up to 1970, whileull size applications received 30-spline front and rear shafts. Oddball models exist as well, such as the 32spline shafts in the late 80s Dodge 1-tons. Dodge also used the D44 in all ton series pickups from 1992002, as well as some HD 8 lug versions.

Dana 41 Dana44

Applications1960 1980 Chevy K10, K25 Front1960 1970 Chevy C10, C15 Rear1971 1996 Ford Bronco Front1967 1978 Ford F-100, F-150 4x4 Rear

1975 1978 Ford F-150 Front1977 1990 Ford F-250 Front1978 1990 Ford F-100, F-150 Front1974 1983 Jeep Wagoneer Front1974 1986 Jeep J10, J20 Front1967 1975 Jeep CJ-7 Front/Rear1986 1992 Jeep Comanche Rear1976 1992 Jeep Cherokee Rear1984 1992 Jeep Grand Wagoneer Front1972 1975 Jeep Scrambler Rear1972 1979 Jeep Wagoneer Rear1976 1980 Scout Front1994 2002 Dodge , -ton trucks Front

Ring Gear Diameter: 8.5Pinion Gear Diameter/Splines: 1.376 /30 splinesAvailable Gearsets: 2.72, 2.87, 3.07, 3.23, 3.31, 3.54, 3.73, 3.92, 4.09

4.27, 4.56, 4.89, 5.38, 5.89

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Dana 44 (also D41) continued

Available Lockers: 19-spline: ARB, Detroit Locker30-spline: ARB, Dana Trac-Lok, Detroit Locker,Detroit EZ Locker, Detroit Truetrac, OX Locker,

Powertrax Lock-Right


D44 Front D44 Rear

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