B-12

First Presbyterian Church & Manse, (First and Franklin Street

Presbyterian Church)

Architectural Survey File

This is the architectural survey file for this MIHP record. The survey file is organized reverse-

chronological (that is, with the latest material on top). It contains all MIHP inventory forms, National

Register nomination forms, determinations of eligibility (DOE) forms, and accompanying documentation

such as photographs and maps.

Users should be aware that additional undigitized material about this property may be found in on-site

architectural reports, copies of HABS/HAER or other documentation, drawings, and the “vertical files” at

the MHT Library in Crownsville. The vertical files may include newspaper clippings, field notes, draft

versions of forms and architectural reports, photographs, maps, and drawings. Researchers who need a

thorough understanding of this property should plan to visit the MHT Library as part of their research

project; look at the MHT web site (mht.maryland.gov) for details about how to make an appointment.

All material is property of the Maryland Historical Trust.

Last Updated: 03-10-2011

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Form 10-300 ' Rev. 6·72)

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NAT IONAL PARK SERVICE

5TATE:

I 1.

12.

13.

COUNiY·

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

INVENTOR Y - NOMINATION FORM Baltimore Ci ty

FOR NPS USE ON LY E N"T"°'R,,..,..,.Y -:0::--A,-,T:o-E=:--

( Type all entries complete applicable sections)

NAME COMMO N:

First Presbyterian Church and !lanse ANO OR HISTORIC:

First Presbyterian Ornrch and '.·1anse LOCAT~ON 5TREET AND NUME'ER: -- - -.. .. -- -

]00 - 110 West Madison Street CITY OR TOWN: CONGRE SSION AL OtST RIC T.

Bal timore Fourth STATE I CODI' COUNTY: I co or

;.:aryland I 24 Baltimore City I 510 CLASSIFICATION

CATEGO RY OWNERSHIP STATUS

ACCESSIBL E

(C.'>eck O n e) TO THE PUBLIC

0 OisHic' KX Bui lding 0 Public Public Acqui sition: KX Occupied Yes:

0 Site 0 Structure j!Xi>C P ri vate 0 In Process 0 Unoccupied 0 Restr icted

0 Ob ject lo Bot h D Being Con side red 0 Pre&er vo t ion work ~ Unres tr iCtt!d

i n ptOAJCS!" 0 No

PRESENT USE . - . (Chec k One or More os Approprfote)

0 Agricultural D Government D Pork D T ronspor tot i on 0 C omments

0 Commereio l 0 Industrial X23 Private Residence 0 Othe r (Speci ty)

g Educat iona l 0 Mtl i tory ~ Re l ig iou s ---D Enter1oinment 0 M u seum D Sc ient ific - --- - -::::t .. .

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f4 OWNER OF PROPERTY !OWNER'S NA ME : I "' ~s-T-:!'-e:-hE-~-:--No~0_nu_:-~-:-:-~:-R-e_o_f_t_h_e_F_i_r_s_t_P_r_e_s_b_:..y_t_e_r_1_· _a_n_C~l_1u_r_c_h _ _ __________ _ ___ ·~ ~

200 - 208 \'iest f.!adison Street :...

CITY OR TOWN: STATE· ":OOF

Baltimore Maryland 24 (5. LO.~ATION OF .LEG.~.L DESCRIPTION l.-_-..:.::._ ____ ...:.:....~.:.:."-...------~-.,.--------------------------------i·--·-C OU R TH OU SE . REG IS TRY OF OEEOS. ETC: n

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CODE I '

STATE CITY OR TOWN: Baltimore Mary land 24

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16. filf'RESE~.I.~_TJ.Q,N IN EXISTING SURVEYS j I

(see continuation sheet) i r ~ Historic American Bui !dings Survey I I"'

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\\'ashington District of Columbia 11 1

TITLE OF SURVEY:

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' DESC RIBE THE s:> R €. SENT ANO OR 1 GINA L (it known) PHYS1C AL APPE/.. R ANCE

I The Fi r st Presbyteri an Church , l ocated on the north~est corner of Madi son Street and Park Avenue, is a notable example of Gothic Revival architecture and a l andmark in the City of Ba ltimore. Th e Engl ish-born architect Nathan Gibson Starkweather1 was educat ed at Oxford Univers ity during the period of the "Oxford l·:ovement; i: although c l assical forms had been popular for a long period, the perpen dia1lar Gothic style ~as revived as a by-product of this "Oxford :lovcment . '' In this church the r eligious spirit is portrayed inside and out by elongated arches and el abor ate symbolism , and the bui lding is particularly i nter esting for its use of structural iron .

The church proper is rectangular, and at the south front the base of thC' central tower protrudes f rom the \\'all and i s flanked by protruding octagonal turrets at each corner of the building . The southwest turre t is 78 feet high, divided into th roe s t ories , and topped by an ogee roof with pinnacles . The southeast turre t is decorated 1vi th crocketed pediments with pinna cles, and tapers i n a spire 128 feet from ground level .

At the north end of the edifice is a two- story building which appears from the outside to be a "transept ,''· sharing a common roof with the church proper, b~t i s separated from the auditorium by a bearing wall . The area now contains a chapel and upstairs office r ooms ; its end projects slightly beyond the east wal l.

All the walls are brick~ the exterior walls on Madison Street and Park Avenue are faced with brown New Brunswick freestone and are elaborately decorated with carvings in window t racery , hood molds, window sills, entrance arches, cornices, and pinnacles . Five buttresses on each side of the church proper rise above the roofline; there are larger buttresses at the corners of the "transept" on Park Avenue . The north or rear wall i s plain brick , and the west wal l is stuccoed.

The main tower and spire, 268 feet high, rest on special stone piers whicry are conn ected with, but apparently jndependent of, the rest of the foundations . The spire is supported by four cast iron pillars, rising at t he rear gallery of the auditorium, and forming a core to which the freestone was attached by iron locki ng devices --the same method by which modern skyscrapers are constructed.

The square tower is strengthened by buttresses at each corner and is terminated on each face by a high crocketed pediment with finial. The ext erior cornices have a pattern of long tongue- shaped <lentils. The corner buttresses of the tower are terminated by pinnacles, and between them rises the oct agonal spire, decorated by louvred openings, pin113cl cs ,

[see continuation sheet]

IResearch compiled by Phoebe B. Stanton, Chairman, Department of !listory of Art, Johns Hopkins University, has indicated that Starkweather's assistant, E. G. Lind, was l argely respons ible for the completed design of the church.

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0 15th Cenrur y

0 16rh C<"ntu ry

0 17th Ccnlury

- - -----------·-~ L] 181h Cen t ur y

X X 19 rh Cen tury

n 20th Cen tury

!------------------------------ . _ ______________ _, SPECIFIC D ATE I S I ( If A{'p l icabl e t1nd K nown) 1854-59 A.REAS OF S IGNI F l C A NCE {Check One Or /\to r r BS Apprc>priBtC!')

Abo• igino l

0 P rehis to ri c

0 Hisroric

Cl Agri eu lture

XE Architec t ure

Cl Art

:::J Commer c e

0 Commvn i co ti ons

0 Con se rvot fon

S T ATEMENT OF SIGNlf" I CANCE

0 Educ:otion

0 Engi ncer i ng

0 Industry

0 Invention

0 Landscape

Archit<"clvre

[l l ite ro t v rc

[.J Mi lirory

1-1 Mus.c

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XX Re l ogion P ho.

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The First Presbyt e rian Church is the original congregation of Presbyter.:ans in Sa l t imore; the present church is the congrebation 's fourth, a 1 thoug!1 it is the first on this si te. The congregation began to assemb le in t he­early eighteenth century as a fe w fa111il ics ga thered together, some mo vj ;. ,,: from Pennsylvania and Europe . The forma l commencement of the chur ch 1·:;'1_: in 1761, and the firs t building o f logs was located on Fayette Street near Gay Street. The Reverend Patrick Allison \,·as its firs t s t:1t cd minis ter, serving as pastor from 1763 to 1802; in 1786 he 1vas e l cctNI n..: the f irst moderator of the .Fresbytery of Bal tirnore. The founde rs i nc 1 •i..: :-d the prominent Baltimore family names of Sterrett, Gilmor, t!cll<:nry, l'n t t ·:~ od , Stricker , and Poe . Among the early members Kere James Calhoun, the fjr,~ elected Mayor of Baltimore, and General Samuel Smith, in cl1 argc o f Baltimore's defense in 1814 .

The Reverend John Chester Backus, pastor from 1836 to 1879, 1vas the motivating influence for building a n ew church . Ground was broken in 1854, and the church 1·:as dedicated on October 2, 1859; the spires we> re added in 1873-74 . In 1940 the lecture room was converted into the Rejd :11emorial Chapel, n amed for a mission in east Baltimore unde r the c~re oi the Firs t Presbyterfan Church from 1894 to 1940; the mission had been started by a gift of Andrew and Fanny B. Reid in memory of their chi l <ln•n .

The spire of this church is the most frequently photographed in the cit y . I t was a favorite subject for A. Aubrey Bodine, a famous Balti?nor e phnt C' ­grapher , and was also used as a vantage point ' fo r a series of photogro pi1;: made in 1873 by William H. Weaver, showing the view from all direct.ions.

The Manse of the First Presbyterian Church 1~·as constructed in 1854 as the private home of Reverend Backus and was original l y called the Backus House. The congregation purchased the r esidence for use in 1923.

The First Presbyterian Church is one of the outstanding l andmarks of :.1aryl and Gothic Reviva l architecture. Until recently architectural his­torians attributed its design to Nathan 0 . Starkweather, an English born ar~hi t ect . llowevcr, Phoebe 13. Sto.nton, Chai rman of the Department of t hf' History of Art at the Johns Hopkins University, has challenged that assertion. Her study of E. G. Lind and of the construction of the Churc;1 has indicated that Lind was more responsible for the final building than Starkweather who was frequently absent from the site. Li nd's archi tcctural career included several major Baltimore [see continuation sheet]

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19. MAJOR BIBLIOGR APHICAL REFERE NCE S

Gardner , John H., Jr ., D. D. The First Presbyterian Church of Bal timore -A Two-Century Chronicle . Baltimore : First Presbyterian Church, 1962 .

Hunter, 1·:ilbur H . ' Jr.' and Ranney , F. Garner. Historic Ame r ican Buildings Survey: First Presbyt erian Church. HABS No. :-m-195. Balt imore : April 1960.

Stanton, Phoebe B. The Johns Hopkins Universi ty. Notes on the career of E. J. Lind. Intervi ew, Sept ember 1971.

110. GEOGRAPHICA L DAT A 1--- - -·-LAT I TUDE AND LONGIT U D E COO RD I NA T E S L. Tl Tu ne: t. N C' LC"NG I T'JDE COO_R_O_IN J!\."r:E;$

:: EFIN ING A R E C TANGLE LOCA T ING THE PRO "' fi'FITV 0 D EF I NING Tt-. ._ <.:tNTOiR PO INl O F A ::> <'(QPE R T V

- R - - f>F L ~S T H~':!_ TE N ACRES

C OFiN ER L A T ITU D E LONGITUDE LA T ITUDE LONGITUDE

Degrees M;nvtes Second s Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees M inutes Seconds Degrees Minute s Seconds NW 0 . " 0 " 39 ° 17' ss · 76 ° 37 . 09 ft NE 0 . . 0 " SE 0 . . 0 . <.w 0 . . ~ . . I

A P PRO XI M A TE A CREAGE OF NOMI NAT ED PROPERTY: one acre ILIST ALL STATES AN D COUNTIES FOR P R OPERTI ES OVERLAPP IN G ST ATE OR COUN TY B OUNDARIES

STA T E: CODE COUN T Y COD E

S'T:. TE : CODE COUNTY: CODE

STATE: CODE COU NT Y : CODE

ST ATE: CODE COU N TY' C O DE

f 11. FORM PREPARED BY ":. ' "'

NAME AN D TITL E:

.Tnvl'P M::il' l::iv ::inil r::it-h::ir i TlP Rl ::il'k ORG.C.. Nl :Z. ATION

'DATE

Commission for Historical and Architectural Preservation Oct. 17, 1972 S T F; EE T AND NUMBER'

402 City Hall CITY OR TOWN: S TA TE C ODE

Baltimore Maryl and 24 p2. STATE LIAISON OFFICER CERTIFICATION ··• NATIONAL REGISTER VERIFICATION

As the des ignated State Liaison Offic er for the Na-

tional Historic Preservation Act of 1966 ( Public Law

' I he re by certify that this property is included in the

89-665), 1 h e reby n ominate this property for inclusion Nationa l Re gister

in the Nati onal Registe r and certify that it has been

"'valuat e d accordmg to the c ·ite ria and procech.i res set

forth by the National Park Service. The recomme nde d

level of si~nificance of this nom1nat 1on is: D1re: c ror, O ffice of Archeoloay Etnd H istoric Presor~·ation

National 0 State ~ Local 0

I a ,,<._.9 CAA-\ JJa n..,J {k_.'-,f I J C ·1! e

Name

Orlando Ridout IV ATTEST :

Title State Liaison Officer for Maryland K eeper of The National Register

Date October 18, 1972 fiat c

GPO 93 1 -894

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Form 10-3000 (July 1969)

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTCRIOR NATIONAL PARK SER VI CE

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTOR IC PLACE S

INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM

ST ATE

~ '.larvland COUNT Y

Ra lt im0re Citv FOR N PS USE ON LY

(Continuation Sheet)

(Number e ll enlrle•)

First Presbyterian Church and :.!anse

!:6 . REPRESE1\T.AT10~ lN EXISTING SllR\'EYS continued

'.·laryland Regis ter of Hi storic Sites and Landmarks 1972 State

~!a ry land Historical Trust 2525 Riva Road An napo lis, ~laryland Code: 24

#7. LlESCIUPTlON continued

ENTRY NUMSER I o .. TE

I

lozenge shaped openings, vertical rihs, and a very large deeply-incised finial. The tapering lines of the spire are grace fully bent v er~· slight ly inward.

The interior plan i s r ect angular, rliviclecl transversely into the naTthex, the audi torium, two ambulatory corridors on either side of t he pulpit re­cess, and a modern chapel in the rea r . The rake -shaped narthex runs the wi dth of the church; i ts l ow ceiling and crypt- l ike design impart an air of Gothic mystery to the approaches, contrasting with the high and sp::ici ous r ect angular audi t orium. Inside the auditorium a gallery of black walnut runs along part of the area over the narthex and along the east and west side walls; the choir balcony and organ console are on the south side .

The intricate ceiling is the main decorative aqd conceptual element of the whole interior design . Suspended at l east 30 feet below the roof, i t appears very heavy yet is supported not by columns but by an elaborat e sys t em of arches and trusses, which serve to keep the nave free from visual obstructions . Elaborate fan-vaulting springs from the "'alls and from massive pendants which correspond to the missing columnar capit~ls; this fan-vaulting is reminiscent of the Henry VII Chapel in Westminster Abbey. The luxuriant pl as ter fo ljage on bosses, pendants, and corbels is simi Jar to some Decorated Gothic carvings i n \\'inchcster Cathedral . The exuberant richness of these forms is counter-ha lanced by the massive sol j di :y of the over-all design.

At the northern end of the church is the pulpit recess, its wall covered with rich plaster tracery. The oak pu l pit projects from a massive pedestal and is richly carved with Gotl1ic pediments and cuspated designs, with buttresses and heavy pendants at the corners. The Gothic sofa and chairs by the pulpit were made by nobert 0 . Renwick about 1860 .

There are five stained glass windows a l ong the east and west walls from th" top of the panelled wainscoting to above the gallery. There are also win ­dows in the high bay behind the choir balcony, and on either side of this bay in the south wall is a group of three l Jncets by the Connick Associ ate~

of Boston .

[l of 2 continuation sheets) c.r CJ 9 ? 1. - ~ 4

F orm 10-3000 (J ul y 1969)

(Number all entries)

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF TH E INTERIOR NA Tl ON AL PARK SERVICE

NATIONA L REGISTER 0 F HISTORIC PLACE S

INV ENTORY - HOMIHATIOH FORM

(Continuation Sheet)

STA TE

~ la rv 1 ;rnJ COUNTY

Baltimore City FOR NPS USE ONLY

E N TRY NUMBER I DA.TE

I

First Presbytcr:i an Church and ~ianse

#7 . DESCRIPTION continued

In 1940 the rear meeting hall wns remodeled by Ralph Adams Cram, of Cram and Goodhue in Boston, to become the Reid r1lcmorial Chapel . The axis of this chapel is east and west; its Tudor Gothic sty le is r estrained and modified by certain modern elements . Its woodwork is finely carved, and cathedral chairs are used instead of pews. Three stained-glass windows of two l ancets each in the north wall are all designed by Connick.

The ~lanse of the First Presbyterian Church, located at 210 Wes t Madison Street, was also designed in 1854 by Nathan G. Starkweather. The exterior of the three -story structure is faced with the same stone as the church. The facade is symmetrical and elaborately decorated. The interior depjcts the elegance and graciousness of a former day. An unusual and beaut iful spiral staircase curves upward from the entrance hall to the second f loor. To the right of the entrance is a double parlor running the length of the house . The marble fireplaces, designed by William H. Rinehart, are an outstanding feature . Crystal chande l iers, high ceilings, carved woodwork , and arched doorways and windows contribute to the beauty of the building .

118 . SIGNIFICANCE continued

buildings, notably the Peabody Institute on Mount Vernon Place .

[2 of 2 continuation sheetsj GP 0 92 1. 72 4

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Form 10-301 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT Of THE INTERIOR STATE

(July 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Marv land HAT IOH AL REGI ST ER OF H ISTO RIC PLACES

COUNTY

Baltimore City P ROPERTY MAP FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY

"' (Type all entries • attach to or enclose with map) E NTRY NUMBER I DATE

I z p. NAME .. ;:• •(.;.: : ' .. :· ! ::.=-<-,.:--i ·· .. ···.(:-··· .. .· .. · .. : ·•

0 COMMON: First Presbyterian Church and Manse ANO/OR HISTORIC: First Presbyterian Church and ~1anse

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STREET A NO NUMBER:

u 200-210 West Madison Street ::> CITY OR TOWN:

a::: Baltimore I- STATE: I CODE I COUNTY: I CODE

"' Mary land I 24 I Baltimore City I SI o

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SOURCE:

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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INHRIOR STATE

1 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE ~1aryl and Pi - 1~ NAT . AL REGISTER OF HIST.ORIC PLAC

COUNTY

Baltimore City PROPERTY P HOTOGRAPH FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY

(Type a ll entries - attach to or enclose with photograph) ENTRY N UMBER I O"T E

I 11. NAME· - .,

COMMON : First Presbyterian Church i

ANOI OR t<t5TORIC: I 12. LOCATION ' ' I

ISTREET ANO NUMSER:

200-210 West ~ladison Street CITY OR TOWN:

Baltimore STATE: I CODE jcouN TY: I c o oc. Mary land I 24 I Ba 1 timore City I s i o

13 • . f'HOTO REFERENCE . ) ,. ·,·

PHOTO CREDIT: Philio Siblev DATE OF' PHOTO: 1969 N EG ATIVE F'ILEO AT: Commission for His tori ca 1 and Architectural PreseTvntinn

402 City Hall, Baltimore, r.Jaryland 14" IDENTIFICATION '. ···-·· . . .'.) .. . ...

DESCRIBE VIEW, DIRECTION, ETC.

First Presbyterian Church from the southeast

GPO !11 1°737

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UNITED STATES DEPARTME NT OF THE INTERIOR. 5TATE

6- ld.. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Maryland

HA HAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES COUNTY

Baltimore City

' . PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY

V') (Type a ll entries - attach to or enclose with photOIJraph) ENTRY NUMBER I CATE

I % 11. N,f.ME· 0 COMMON : First Presbyterian Church ~lanse

ANO/ OR HISTORIC:

.... 12. l..OCATIOH .,

u STREET ANO NUMBER:

:::> 210 \\'est ~ladison Street CITY OR TO WN :

~ Baltimore .... STATE: I CODE jcouNTV: 1 COO£

V) ~1aryl and I 24 I Dal ti.more Citv I s in z /3. PHOTO RE FERENCE , ' ..

PHOTO CREDIT: Gretchen Redden DA.TE OF PHOTO: 1971

w N EGATIVE Fil.EC ,t.T: Commission for llistorico.l and Architectural Preservati on w 402 City llall. Baltimore , ~laryland V')

14. IDENTIFICATION . ·..r.~ ;

C>ESCRllH! VIEW, DIRECTION. ETC .

First Presbyterian Church Manse from the south

C.PO 921·731

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