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2011

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621.396.21(074.8)

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Java -

J2ME Android.

230100

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230113 .

621.396.21(074.8)

32.884.173

, 2011

.., 2011

.

, 2011

3

............................................................................................................... 5 1. .......................................... 7 1.1. ....................................................... 7 1.2. ............................. 14 1.2.1. ............................................................ 14 1.2.2. ............................................................. 16 1.2.3. ............................................... 17 1.3. ................................................................. 19 1.3.1. GSM ............................................................................................... 20 1.3.2. Wi-Fi .......................................................................................... 24 1.3.3. C IEEE 802.11 .................................................. 25 1.3.4. Bluetooth ....................................................................................... 26 1.3.5. ............................................................... 28 1.3.6. .............................................................. 29 1.4. ........................................................................... 30 1.4.1. Android ....................................................................................... 31 1.4.2. Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME) .......................................................................... 34 1.4.3. ........................................................ 36 ................................................................................ 51 2. JAVA 2

MICRO EDITION .............................................................................................................. 53 2.1. J2ME ................................................................ 53 2.1.1. Connected, Limited Device Configuration ........................... 55 2.1.2. Connected Device Configuration .......................................... 58 2.1.3. Foundation Profile .......................................................................... 59 2.1.4. Personal Profile............................................................................... 61 2.1.5. RMI ................................................................................................. 62 2.2. Mobile Information Device Profile ............................................... 63 2.2.1. .......................................................................... 65 2.2.2. MIDP ..................................................... 68 2.2.2.1. ............................................................... 68 2.2.2.2. ................................................................................................ 72 2.2.2.3. ....................................................................... 73 2.2.2.4. ..................................................................................................... 74 2.2.2.5. Pacpe ........................................................................... 78 2.2.3. MIDP ................... 80 2.2.4. API MIDP .................. 83 2.3. .................................................................. 104 2.4. .............................................................................. 111 .............................................................................. 126 3. ANDROID ............ 127 3.1. ........................................................ 127 3.1.1. Android (AVD) ............................ 128

3.1.2. Android- ............................................................ 128 3.1.3. Android- ...................................................................... 128

4

3.1.4. Android- ................................................................ 134 3.1.5. Android GUI ........................................................................ 138

3.2. ............................................... 139 3.2.1. View ................................................................................................ 139 3.2.2. .................................................................................................. 140

3.2.3. ......................................................................... 147 3.2.4. ............................... 147 3.2.5. ............................................................................................ 155

3.3. Activities Intent ................................................. 159 3.3.1. Intent ............................................................................................. 160

3.3.2. Activity ..................................................................... 162 3.3.3. Intent ..................................................................... 162

.............................................................................. 171 ............................................. 172

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mOS; , EPOC, -

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1.3.1. GSM

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications).

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EDGE,

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GPRS -, , . , GPRS . 115 /, , 4050 /, -. .

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(3G)

3G

,

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(ITU). ITU, -

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23

, 3G

IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommunications-

2000). IMT-2000 ,

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3- . -

2- 3- .

ITU , IMT-2000 (3G), , -

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, 1999 ITU

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ITU-R M.1457. 3G: UMTS (Universal

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CDMA 2000 (Code Division Multiple Access

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24

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1.3.2. Wi-Fi

WLAN- -

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(Institute of Electrical

and Electronics Engineers), IEEE.

IEEE 802.11

1997 .

2,4 1 2 /.

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Ethernet. -

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WLAN.

1999 -

Wi-Fi Alliance (Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity), -

WLAN-

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Intel, IBM, Cisco, HP, Dell . -

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2000 .

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IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g IEEE 802.11a.

1.2.

1999 802.11a

802.11b, ,

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25 . -

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1.2

IEEE 802.11

IEEE 802.11a IEEE 802.11b IEEE 802.11g

54 / 11 / 54 /

:

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91 (6 /).

-

:

30 (54 /),

305 (6 /)

:

30 (11 /),

91 (1 /).

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120 (11 /),

460 (1 /)

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:

120 (54 /),

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(5,155,350

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2,4

(2,42,4835 )

2,4

(2,42,4835 )

IEEE 802.11b

11 /,

26

10 BaseT Ethernet. ,

WLAN- -

. -

.

802.11a 1999 ,

2001 . -

. .

802.11a OFDM-

(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing).

, -

. -

(6, 12 24 /)

(9, 18, 24, 48 54 /).

,

.

802.11g 2003 -

. IEEE 802.11b

. -

54 /

11 / 802.11b. IEEE 802.11b, -

2,4 , -

802.11a (OFDM).

802.11b. , 802.11b 802.11g

( 11 /), 802.11g

11 /

802.11b.

WLAN IEEE

802.11n. , 802.11a 802.11g,

100 /c 540 /.

1.3.4. Bluetooth

Bluetooth , 1998

: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba. -

Bluetooth Bluetooth SIG (Special Interest

Group), Lucent, Microsoft .

27

Bluetooth (

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,

, -

Bluetooth .

Bluetooth . -

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. 2,4 ,

Bluetooth-,

10 100 . -

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,

.

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2,45 ;

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: 1.1, 1.2 2.0.

. 2004

Bluetooth 2.0 Enhanced Data Rate (EDR), -

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Bluetooth -

/: class 1 ( 100 ), class 2 ( 10 ) class 3

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Bluetooth : -

10 100 ( -

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, . ,

Bluetooth class 2, class 1,

10 .

Bluetooth. Bluetooth -

,

Bluetooth-:

, Bluetooth, -

. -

,

Bluetooth-, GAP (Generic Access Profile)

28

. -

,

: SPP (Serial Port

Profile),

SDAP (Service Discovery Application Profile) -

- GOEP (Generic Object Exchange

Profile). , Bluetooth-

( ) - -

.

1.3.5.

: Ad-Hoc

Infrastructure Mode. Ad-Hoc

, ( )

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WLAN.

Infrastructure Mode

, (Access Point). -

BSS (Basic Service Set) ESS

(Extended Service Set). BSS -

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BSS.

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WLAN- -

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IEEE 802.11a 50 ;

29

802.11b 802.11g 100 . ( Infrastruc-

ture ESS)

.

1.3.6.

WLAN-

, .. -

.

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:

MAC- (Media Access Control ID): - , , -

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.

WLAN-

.

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802.11

WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy ,

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40- ,

64-, 128- 256-. WEP

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30

, . -

.

WEP WPA (Wi-Fi Pro-

tected Access), IEEE Wi-Fi Alliance.

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[2].

WEP -

TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol), -

.

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). , -

, .

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(

PSK (Pre-Shared Keys)). -

,

. WPA , -

802.11i. , , , - . WiFi- ( , ) WPA .

1.4.

- ( , ), . . .

Gartner , 2010

Android 36,1 %.

31

1.4.1. Android

Android ,

34 Open Handset Alliance. SDK -

API,

Java Android.

, - ;

Dalvik, ;

WebKit;

, 2D- 3D- OpenGL ES 1.0;

SQLite ;

-, - (MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF);

GSM-;

Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G Wi-Fi;

, GPS, . Android

. 1.6 -

Android.

.

32

. 1.6. Android

Android -

, , SMS, -

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Android -

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Android. -

Android.

:

BSD - C (libc), -

Linux.

OpenCORE PacketVideo.

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MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG PNG.

-, 2D- 3D-

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web-.

SGL 2D- .

3D- API OpenGL ES 1.0, 3D, -

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FreeType .

SQLite -, .

Android Runtime

Android ,

-

Java. Android

Dalvik. Dalvik , -

34

. Dalvik -

.dex,

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, , Java,

.dex dx

Android SDK.

, -

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Dalvik Linux.

Linux

Android, ,

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1.4.2. Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME)

Java 1995

Sun Microsystems. , -

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. 1998 Java

Standard Edition (J2SE), -

, Enterprise Edition (J2EE), , Micro Edi-

tion (J2ME), .

, -

,

,

- -

. Java ME.

Java , -

, Java- (JVM Java Virtual Machine). -

Java -

, Java-. ,

, Java-

.

Java ME

KVM Kilobyte Virtual Machine.

, Java ME, -

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: .class ( -),

35

(, ) -, -

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Java ME API. API, -

, CDC (Connected Device Configu-

ration), CLDC (Connected Limited Device Configuration). -

, CDC, -

; CLDC.

-

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-

. API Mo-

bile Information Device Profile (MIDP).

: MIDP 1.0 2000

, 2002 -

MIDP 2.0, .

, API

CLDC MIDP.

Java, -

(JSR Java Specification Request), -

API .

Java ME

-

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API. API CLDC MIDP.

. -

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JSR 184 Mobile 3D Graphics API ( M3G),

java- JSR 135

Mobile Media API.

Java ME

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Java ME .

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2.

JAVA 2 MICRO EDITION

Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME) , -

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J2ME Java-

. ,

,

.

:

Java,

Java,

Java - (API).

J2ME

:

54

1. Connected, Limited Device Configuration (CLDC) -

.

2. Connected Device Configuration (CDC) - 2 -

.

J2ME -

. -

Java,

, ..

.

, , -

. , -

-

Java.

,

Short Message Service (SMS).

SMS -

, ,

,

.

,

, , .

-

,

. -

, J2ME

. 2.1 , -

J2ME.

. 2.1. J2ME

55

2.1.1. Connected, Limited Device Configuration

CLDC ,

Java . - -

CLDC ,

. , -

, -

.

CLDC CDC .

,

. -

2.2 J2SE.

. 2.2. CLDC CDC

56

CDC, CLDC

Java, -

Java -

.

Java. CLDC -

Java:

;

;

Java.lang.Error .

-

Java, -

CLDC, VM J2SE, -

. , ,

CLDC, , -

. float

Java.lang.Float CLDC.

- -

.

. ,

Object.finalized CLDC.

Java.lang.Error

CLDC .

, , -

.

, -, -

.

-

. ,

, , ,

. , , -

, -

. -

.

Java . CLDC -

Java. VM,

- -

. , -

J2SE VM, CLDC.

, -

CLDC- . , -

57

, - ,

- :

Java Native Interface (JNI, Java);

;

(reflection);

(thread daemons);

( Object.finalize() CLDC);

(weak references);

( J2SE);

. -

. -

CLDC ,

,

, J2SE .

, -

CLDC, Kilobyte Virtual Machine (KVM), -

,

[6]. KVM J2SE VM.

, -

, , .

CLDC , -

.

CLDC ,

, CLDC -

. 2.1 ,

CLDC.

2.1.

CLDC

CLDC

java.io / Java,

J2SE

java.lang VM, J2SE

java.util , -

J2SE

javax.microedition.io

CLDC

58

Java, , -

J2SE. , ,

javax., , -

Java.

2.1.2. Connected Device Configuration

CDC Java, -

(Compact Virtual Machine) -

:

;

;

;

;

. , CVM

:

;

;

Java (ROM);

;

;

(RTOS);

Java ;

Java 1.3, ,

Java .

CDC API.

Java:

java.lang Java;

java.util Java;

java.net Universal Datagram Protocol (UDP)

/ (I/O);

java.io / Java;

59

java.text -

;

java.security

.

API -

(Software

Development Kit (SDK)) Java 2. -

Java 2 SDK. 2.2

, CDC.

2.2.

CDC

CDC

java.io /

java.lang

java.lang.ref

java.lang.reflect ,

( )

java.math

java.net

java.security

java.security.cert

java.text

java.util

java.util.jar Java (JAR)

java.util.zip ZIP

javax.microedition.io

CDC

2.1.3. Foundation Profile

J2ME. , -

, .

. , -

J2ME.

60

. , API. -

J2ME CDC, Foundation, -

J2SE 1.3. -

Java Community Process, ,

.

Foundation J2SE, 2.3.

2.3.

Foundation

Foundation

java.lang Java.

java.util zip

J2SE.

Java.net TCP/IP HTTP-.

java.io /.

java.text

.

java.security .

, java.awt (Abstract

Window Toolkit, AWT) java.swing ( Swing), -

API (GUI), -

. GUI, -

. -

. J2ME, ,

.

GUI Foundation -

-

, , -

, , -

J2ME, CLDC.

, -

,

.

61

2.1.4. Personal Profile

Personal Java

Community, JSR-62.

Personal AWT.

, , -

Web-.

J2ME Personal Java.

Personal 1.0

Foundation 1.0. Personal Basis

Profile 1.0. Personal -

J2SE 1.3.1, , -

Personal, J2SE 1.3.1.

2.4 ,

Personal 1.0.

2.4.

Personal

Personal

java.applet , ,

.

java.awt AWT -

.

java.awt.data transfer

.

]ava.awt.event

AWT.

java.awt.font .

java.awt.im

.

java.awt.im.spi

, -

-

Java.

java.awt.image

java.beans , -

JavaBean.

javax.microedition.xlet

, -

J2ME Personal

.

62

2.1.5. RMI

Remote Method Invocation (RMI) , -

, CDC.

JSR-66 ,

Java Community Process.

RMI Foundation

. RMI

:

RMI ;

;

RMI ;

API UnicastRemoteObject;

, ;

;

RMI . RMI RMI API J2SE 1.3.

RMI

J2SE . 1.3 API, -

RMI - ,

:

RMI ;

RMI ;

(activatable) - ;

, ;

/ RMI . 1.1;

. J2SE RMI 1.3 :

java.rmi.server.disableHttp;

java.rmi.activation.port;

java.rmi.loader.packagePrefix;

java.rmi.registry.packagePrefix;

java.rmi.server.packagePrefix.

63

2.2. Mobile Information Device Profile

, CLDC,

,

. -

Mobile

Information Device (MIDP), MID Profile. MIDP -

CLDC API

(UI), .

Java, MIDP- -

[8]. C , MIDP

, .

, PDA,

. PDA

. PDA, -

, , ,

MIDP,

[10].

MIDP, Foundation

CDC, ,

Mobile Information Device Profile,

,

.

MIDP , ,

, ,

:

( ) 96x54 ;

1 ;

, ;

128 MIDP-;

8 -;

32 - Jra:

. MID , MIDP -

-

. MIDP API:

( MIDP);

;

64

;

;

. 2.5. , MIDP.

2.5.

MIDP

MIDP

javax.microedition.icdui

javax.microedition.rms

(Record

management system, RMS), -

javax.microedition.midlet -

MIDP

javax.microedition.io -

MIDP

java.io / -

Java

java.lang Java

java.util

MIDP ,

MIDP. , -

.

2.6 CDC

CLDC. CDC, CLDC ,

. ,

-

.

2.6.

CDC

ID

javax.microedition.midlet -

ID.

65

ID

javax.microedition.io -

ID.

java.io / -

Java.

java.lang Java -

.

java.util .

2.2.1.

. -

2.7 MID- -

.

2.7.

MID-

Active

()

MID- , . , -

MID-, -

, MID- .

Destroyed

()

MID- -

.

Paused

()

MID- .

, .

2.3 -

, , -

.

startApp(), pauseApp() destroyApp() MID-

.

66

. 2.3. MID-

2.8

javax.microedition.midlet.MIDlet, -

MID-.

2.8.

MID-, MID-

MID-

protected abstract void

destroyApp()

AMS MID- -

. MID- .

void notifyDestroyed() MID- -

.

void notifyPaused() MID-

.


pauseApp()

AMS MID- , MID-

.

void resumeRequest() MID- -

.


startApp() AMS MID-, .

MID J2SE , -

. MID- -

notifyDestroyed(),

AMS, MID- . AMS MID-

. .

67

: import javax.microedition.midlet.*;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;

public class MIDPSkeleton extends MIDlet implements Comman-

dListener

{

private Command quit; // The Quit command

private Display display; // Declaring the display

// Initialize the Display and place system controls in the

Constructor

public MIDPSkeleton()

{

display = Display.getDisplay(this);

quit = new Command("Quit", Command.SCREEN, 2);

}

/**

* Initialize all the classes to be used in the program here

(startApp())

*/

public void startApp()

{

...

...

}

// If the Application needs to be paused temporarily.

public void pauseApp()

{

...

...

}

// Clean up when the application is destroyed.

public void destroyApp(boolean unconditional)

{

...

...

}

// Event handling routine.

public void commandAction(Command c, Displayable s)

{

if (c == quit) // If Quit button is pressed.

{

notifyDestroyed(); // Call the destroyApp method.

}

}

}

68

2.2.2. MIDP

J2ME

:

1. . 2.

J2SE.

3. - Java :

Java.

4. JAR, - , ,

.

5. .

6. . 7. -

.

2.2.2.1.

,

MID-, .. MID-

, .

Hello, -

, apps/, -

. .

( ,

, ), -

.

Java ME SDK 3.0. -

Sun Microsystems, http://java.sun.com.

2.4 .

http://java.sun.com/

69

. 2.4.

:

1) (File New Project) .

2) Java ME SDK MIDP (MIDP Application).

(Next) (. 2.5).

70

. 2.5.

3) (Project Name) (. 2.6). ,

(Browse) (Project Location).

(Create Hello MIDlet),

(Finish).

71

. 2.6.

-

, 2.9.

2.9.

Bin : .jar, .jad, MANIFEST.MF.

classes .class.

Res , ,

.png PNG.

Src .

tmpclasses , .class.

72

2.2.2.2.

-

. ,

,

, J2ME -

.

:

S javac -d -bootclasspath \

-d ,

. -

bootclasspath midpapi.zip,

J2ME Wireless Toolkit,

Java Software, MIDP,

J2ME.

. -

bootclasspath

CLASSPATH, , , -

. , -

-

. ,

Java, .

MID- HelloWorld -

apps/HelloWorld/, :

$ javac -d tmpclasses \

-bootclasspach ../../lib/midpapi.zip src/HelloWorld.Java

$

-d -

tmpclasses,

HelloWorld/. -bootclasspath

. -

HelloWorld.Java.

tmpclasses

.class:

73

$ Is -I tmpclasses/

total 0

-rw-r--r-- 1 vartan None 922 HelloWorld.class

$

2.2.2.3.

.class, .

, :

$ preverify -classpath "../../lib/midpapi.zip;tmpclasses" -d

classes \

tmpclasses

S

-d , -

,

. , ,

tmpclasses, , -

, -

.

preverify

.class :

S Is -I classes/

total 0

-rw-r--r-- 1 vartan None 922 HelloWorld.class

$

preverify

,

. CLDC, J2SE, -

Java -

. J2SE -

CLDC :

1. , 2. .

preverify,

.

, MIDP-

.

, .

74

, J2SE

, -

.

CLDC RAM -

.

2.2.2.4.

. 2 :

Java MID-,

. MIDP ,

MID- Java (JAR).

JAR MID-

, :

(manifest file) , - JAR-,

Java, MID- MID- ,

, MID- - MID-.

JAR (manifest file) ,

JAR-. JAR-

.

,

, MID-.

Java (JAD).

MID- .

.

(AMS)

, MID- JAR -

, JAR. AMS

MID-. AMS

MID-.

MID- , -

MIDP. , AMS MID-,

, MID-.

75

, MID- JAD-

, -

MID-. -

MIDP-.

MIDP , Manifest -

. 2.10.

2.10.

Manifest.MF

MIDlet-Name MID-.

MIDlet-Versiorv

MID-

..,

JDK.

MIDlet-Vendor ( -

).

MIDlet-

MID- , -

-

MID-,

n- MID- .

MicroEdition-Profile J2ME, -

MID-.

MicroEdition-Configuration J2ME, -

MID-.

,

. . -

, .

MANIFEST.MF Hello

Hello/bin/. :

MIDlet-l: Hello, Hello.png, Hello

MIDlet-Narae: Hello

MIDlet-Vendor: Vartan Piroumian

MIDlet-Version: 1.0

MicroEdition-Configuration: CLDC-1.0

MicroEdition-Profile: MIDP-1.0

76

MID-,

MIDlet-l MIDlet-/n. 1

MID-.

MIDlet-1 . -

MID-, MID-, -

, . -

PNG, AMS

, MID-. -

MID-,

MID-.

AMS MicroEdition-Configuration

MicroEdition-Profile , MID-

.

MIDP

. 2.11

.

2.11.

MANIFEST.MF

MIDlet-Description MID-

MIDlet-Icon PNG, JAR

MIDlet-Info-URL URL,

MID-

MIDlet-Data-Size

,

JAR , -

:

$ jar craf bin/MANIFEST.MF bin/HelloWorld.jar -C classes/ .

-C res .

$

-

JAD , -

.

, -

77

.

2.12 2.13.

2.12.

MIDlet-Jar-URL URL JAR MID-.

MIDlet-Jar-Size ( ) JAR.

MIDlet-Name MID-.

MIDlet-Vendor (, -

).

MIDlet-Version

MID- .

., -

JDK.

MicroEdition-

Configuration

J2ME,

MID-.

MicroEdition-Profile J2ME, MID-

.

2.13.

MIDlet-Data-Size

, .

MIDlet-Delete-Confirm , AMS -

MID-.

MIDlet-Description MID-.

MIDlet-Icon PNG, JAR.

MIDlet-Info-URL URL, -

MID-.

MIDlet-Install-Notify , AMS

MID-.

, -

2.13, JAD -

MID-, .

78

-

MIDlet-.

2.2.2.5. Pacpe

. JAR MID-

-

.

MID- -

:

1) (Project)

MID- (New MIDlet).

2) (. 2.7) (MIDlet Name)

(MIDlet Class Name) MID-.

(Finish).

. 2.7. MID-

3) , , MID- . -

:

import javax.microedition.midlet.*;

79

import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;

public class Hello extends MIDlet implements CommandListener

{

public Hello() {

exitCommand = new Command ("Exit", Command.EXIT, 1);

tbox = new TextBox ("Hello world MIDlet", "Hello

World!", 25, 0);

tbox.addCommand (exitCommand);

tbox.setCommandListener (this);

}

protected void startApp() {

Display.getDisplay (this).setCurrent (tbox);

}

protected void pauseApp() {}

protected void destroyApp (boolean bool) {}

public void commandAction (Command cmd, Displayable

disp) {

if (cmd == exitCommand) {

destroyApp (false);

notifyDestroyed();

}

}

private Command exitCommand;

private TextBox tbox;

}

4) (Run), - Hello World! (. 2.8).

80

. 2.8. MID-

2.2.3. MIDP

MIDP -

javax.microedition.lcdui. -

-

.

Display -

. MID- -

. -

getDisplay(): public static Display getDisplay(MIDlet midlet);

81

getDisplay()

startApp() Display. public void startApp()

{

Display display = Display.getDisplay();

}

Display

,

(. 2.14).

2.14.

Display

public int numColors()

, -

, , , -

, -

.

public boolean isColor() ,

.

public int numAlphaLe-

vels()

-

, .

, -

-

-

.

, .

public int getColor(int

colorSpecifier)

-

.

public int getBorderS-

tyle(boolean highlighted)

, -

(/ ).

public boolean flashBack-

light(int duration)

-

.

public boolean vibrate(int

duration) .

, -

, , -

Displayable. Displayable -

82

, , Display -

setCurrent(): public void setCurrent(Displayable displayable),

public void setCurrent(Alert alert, Displayable displaya-

ble).

alert ,

Displayable.

, Displayable -

: public Displayable getCurrent().

Displayable 2.15.

2.15.

Displayable

public void isShown()

-

, -

.

public void addCommand(Command cmd) .

public void removeCommand(Command cmd) .

public void setCommandListen-

er(CommandListener l)

, -

.

public void setTitle(String title) .

public String getTitle() .

public void setTicker(Ticker ticker)

-

, - .

public Ticker getTicker()

.

MIDP Displayable

Screen Canvas.

Canvas ,

GUI API.

to handle game actions, key events

pointer events. -

API, Canvas

paint(). -

.

Screen ,

API. , -

http://download.oracle.com/javame/config/cldc/ref-impl/midp1.0/jsr037/javax/microedition/lcdui/Command.html

83

Screen.

: TextBox, List, Alert Form. Screen -

, . -

, , -

API, , -

, .

2.2.4. API MIDP

, API,

, -

,

.

Command

Displayable -

.

Command , -

.

, CommandListener, Dis-

playable. , ,

, -

.

: public void addCommand(Command cmd);

public void removeCommand(Command cmd).

-

: public Command(String label, int commandType, int priority);

public Command(String shortLabel, String longLabel, int com-

mandType, int priority).

label shortLabel -

, commandType -

. , -

Command (. 2.16).

2.16.

public static int OK .

84

public static int

CANCEL

.

public static int BACK .

public static int STOP .

public static int HELP .

public static int

SCREEN

, -

.

public static int EXIT .

public static int ITEM ,

.

priority , -

, . ,

.

, -

, CommandListener Dis-

playable. : public void setCommandListener(CommandListener l);

CommandListener : public void commandAction(Command c, Displayable d);

, -

Displayable.

Displayable,

.

TextBox

TextBox (Screen),

. -

2.17.

: public TextBox(String title, String text, int maxSize, int

constrants);

title , -

, text , maxSize

constrants -

, .

2.17.

TextBox

public int getConstraints()

TextBox.

85

public void setCon-

straints(int constraints) .

public int getMaxSize()

(

),

TextBox.

public int setMaxS-

ize(int maxSize)

( ), -

TextBox.

public String getString() TextBox

.

public void set-

String(String text)

TextBox

, -

.

public int size()

, -

TextBox.

public void delete(int offset,

int length) TextBox.

public void insert(String src,

int position) TextBox.

public void insert(char[] data,

int offset, int length,

int position)

TextBox.

public void set-

Chars(char[] data, int offset,

int length)

TextBox

,

.

public void getCaretPosition() .

TextBox -

. TextBox , -

, 120 .

2.1: TextBox.

/*

* TextBoxExample.java demonstrates a typical use of the

TextBox class.

*/

package lab2;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.Command;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.CommandListener;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.Display;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.Displayable;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.TextBox;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.TextField;

86

import javax.microedition.lcdui.Ticker;


public class TextBoxExample extends MIDlet {

// Maximum text size in the TextBox

private static final int MAX_TEXT_SIZE = 120;

public void startApp() {

// Create the TextBox

TextBox textBox = new TextBox("TextBox Example",

"Initial TextBox text",

MAX_TEXT_SIZE, TextField.ANY);

// Create a ticker

Ticker ticker = new Ticker("Ticker for the Text-

Box");

textBox.setTicker(ticker);

// Create Exit Command

Command exitCommand = new Command("Exit", Com-

mand.EXIT, 0);

textBox.addCommand(exitCommand);

textBox.setCommandListener(new CommandListener(){

public void commandAction(Command c, Displayable

d) {

notifyDestroyed();

}

});

// Make the TextBox to be visible on the display

Display.getDisplay(this).setCurrent(textBox);

}

public void pauseApp() {

}

public void destroyApp(boolean unconditional) {

}

}

Alert

alert , -

.

MIDP :

1) timed alert

;

2) modal alert

, .

: public Alert(String title);

public Alert(String title, String alertText, Im-

age alertImage, AlertType alertType);

http://download.oracle.com/javame/config/cldc/ref-impl/midp2.0/jsr118/java/lang/String.html

87

title , alertText ,

alertImage , , alert-

Type ,

(. 2.18).

2.18.

Alert

Alert

public static final int

ALARM

, -

-

.


CONFIRMATION

-

.


ERROR

.


INFO

-

.


WARNING

.

Alert 2.19.

2.19.

Alert

public int

getDefaultTimeout()

.

public int getTimeout() ,

.

public void setTi-

meout(int time)

,

.

public Image getImage() , -

.

public void setI-

mage(Image img)

, -

.

public AlertType

getType()

.

public void set-

Type(AlertType type)

.

88

,

(timed alert), -

getDefaultTimeout().

,

setTimeout(Alert.FOREVER).

-

DISMISS_COMMAND, ,

.

, -

. public

static final Command DISMISS_COMMAND,

.

: -

. MID-

3000 .

TextBox. setCurrent(Alert

alert, Displayable displayable).

, displayable.

TextBox

(modalAlert). ,

TextBox,

(Exit).

2.2: . /*

* AlertExample.java

*/

package lab2;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.Alert;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.AlertType;





import javax.microedition.lcdui.Image;




public class AlertExample extends MIDlet {

// Get the instance of Display

private Display display = Display.getDisplay(this);

// The Alerts

89

private Alert timedAlert, modalAlert;

// The TextBox

private TextBox textBox;

// Command for exit the application

private Command exit = new Command("Exit", Command.EXIT,

0);

// Command for transition to the modal alert

private Command nextAlert = new Command("Next alert",

"Show next alert",

Command.OK, 0);

// Path to the image file

private static final String pathToImage = "images/alert-

image.png";


// Load the image

Image image = loadImage();

// Create the TextBox

textBox = new TextBox("", "", 120, TextField.ANY);

textBox.setCommandListener(new CommandListener() {


d) {

if (c == exit) {

notifyDestroyed();

}

else if (c == nextAlert) {

textBox.setTitle("TextBox after modal

alert");

textBox.removeCommand(nextAlert);

display.setCurrent(modalAlert, textBox);

}

}

});

// Create the timed Alert

timedAlert = new Alert("Timed alert", "The alert is

going to be gone",

image, AlertType.INFO);

timedAlert.setTimeout(3000);

// Create the modal Alert

modalAlert = new Alert("Modal alert", "The alert is

waiting for action",

image, AlertType.WARNING);

modalAlert.setTimeout(Alert.FOREVER);

textBox.setTitle("TextBox after timed alert");

textBox.addCommand(exit);

textBox.addCommand(nextAlert);

// Make the timed Alert visible

90

display.setCurrent(timedAlert, textBox);

}


}


}

private Image loadImage() {

try {

// Try to load the image by path

return Image.createImage(pathToImage);

}

catch (IOException e) {

// If an exception occurred we return null

System.out.println(e.getMessage());

return null;

}

}

}

List

List (Screen),

. -

.

MIDP List:

1. EXCLUSIVE .

2. MULTIPLE .

3. IMPLICIT

.

List -

: public List(String title, int listType);

public List (String title, int listType,

String[] stringElements, Image[] imageElements).

title , stringElements , -

null, , imageElements

. ListType

: Choice.EXCLUSIVE,

Choice.MULTIPLE, Choice.IMPLICIT.

, List Choice. -

2.20.

91

2.20.

List

public void set(int elementNum,

String stringPart, Im-

age imagePart)

-

,

.

public void in-

sert(int elementNum,

String stringPart, Im-

age imagePart)

-

.

public int ap-

pend(String stringPart, Im-

age imagePart)

.

public String get-

String(int elementNum)

-

.

public Image getI-

mage(int elementNum)

.

public void de-

lete(int elementNum)

.

public void deleteAll() .

public int size()

.

public void setFitPoli-

cy(int fitPolicy)

, -

Choice -

.

public void set-

Font(int elementNum, Font font)

.

public Font get-

Font(int elementNum)

.

public boolean isSe-

lected(int elementNum)

, -

, -

.

public int getSelectedIndex() -

.

public void setSelectedIn-

dex(int elementNum, boo-

lean selected)

.

public int getSelected-

Flags(boolean[] selectedArray_r

eturn)

-

.

public void setSelected-

Flags(boolean[] selectedArray)

.

IMPLICIT, -

, . -

92

, , .

-

setSelectCommand().

-

, Store

Favorites. (Store)

List.MULTIPLE, (Fa-

vorites) List.IMPLICIT.

List.IMPLICIT.

. -

(Favorites) (-

(alert) 5 )

(Store).

2.3: . package lab2;

/*

* ListExample.java

*/







import javax.microedition.lcdui.List;


public class ListExample extends MIDlet {

Display display = Display.getDisplay(this);

// The Store list

private List storeList;

// The Favorite list

private List favoriteList;

// The Menu list

private List menuList;

// Commands

private Command exitCommand = new Command("Exit", Com-

mand.EXIT, 0);

private Command gotoFavoriteCommand = new Com-

mand("Favorites", Command.OK, 0);

private Command playCommand = new Command("Play", Com-

mand.ITEM, 0);

private Command deleteCommand = new Command("Delete",

Command.ITEM, 1);

private Command gotoMenuCommand = new Command("Menu",

Command.OK, 0);

93

private Command takeSongsCommand = new Command("Take",

Command.SCREEN, 0);


// Create all lists

createStore();

createFavoriteList();

createMenu();

// Start the app with the main menu

display.setCurrent(menuList);

}


}


}

private void createStore() {

// Form the list of songs

String[] items = {

"Beethoven. Symphony No. 5: I",

"Tchaikovsky. 1812 Overture",

"Mozart. Eine Kleine Nachtmusik: Allegro",

"Bach. Toccata And Fugue In D Minor",

"Rossini. William Tell Overture",

"Pachelbel. Canon In D",

"Strauss. Blue Danube"

};

// Create the list

storeList = new List("Store", List.MULTIPLE, items,

null);

// Add the commands

storeList.addCommand(takeSongsCommand);

storeList.addCommand(gotoFavoriteCommand);

// Define the logic for commands

storeList.setCommandListener(new CommandListener() {


d) {

if (c == takeSongsCommand) {

// Find selected items, remove them from the Store, and

// add them to the Favorites

boolean[] selected = new boo-

lean[storeList.size()];

storeList.getSelectedFlags(selected);

for (int i = 0; i < storeList.size();

i++) {

if (selected[i]) {

String item = store-

List.getString(i);

favoriteList.append(item, null);

storeList.delete(i);

94

}

}

}

else {

// Go to the Favotites

display.setCurrent(favoriteList);

}

}

});

}

private void createFavoriteList() {

// Create the list

favoriteList = new List("Favorites", List.IMPLICIT);

// Set the select command

favoriteList.setSelectCommand(playCommand);

// Set other commands

favoriteList.addCommand(deleteCommand);

favoriteList.addCommand(gotoMenuCommand);

favoriteList.setCommandListener(new CommandListen-

er() {


d) {

if (c == playCommand) {

// Show an alert for 5 seconds

int index = favoriteL-

ist.getSelectedIndex();

String item = favoriteL-

ist.getString(index);

Alert alert = new Alert("Playing...",

item, null, AlertType.INFO);

alert.setTimeout(5000);

display.setCurrent(alert, favoriteList);

}

else if (c == deleteCommand) {

// Remove the item from this list and add it to Store

int index = favoriteL-

ist.getSelectedIndex();

String item = favoriteL-

ist.getString(index);

favoriteList.delete(index);

storeList.append(item, null);

}

else {

display.setCurrent(menuList);

}

}

});

}

95

private void createMenu() {

String[] items = {"Store", "Favorites", "Exit"};

menuList = new List("Menu", List.IMPLICIT, items,

null);

menuList.addCommand(exitCommand);

menuList.setCommandListener(new CommandListener() {

public void commandAction(Command command, Dis-

playable d) {

if (command == List.SELECT_COMMAND) {

// Transfer to a screen depending on the selected item

int index = menuList.getSelectedIndex();

switch (index) {

case 0:

display.setCurrent(storeList);

break;

case 1:

dis-

play.setCurrent(favoriteList);

break;

default:

notifyDestroyed();

}

}

else if (command == exitCommand) {

// Exit the application

notifyDestroyed();

}

}

});

}

}

Form

Form (Screen),

-

, items. ,

, Item.

Form : public Form(String title);

public Form(String title, Item[] items);

title,

items.

http://download.oracle.com/javame/config/cldc/ref-impl/midp2.0/jsr118/javax/microedition/lcdui/Form.html#Form%28java.lang.String,%20javax.microedition.lcdui.Item[]%29http://download.oracle.com/javame/config/cldc/ref-impl/midp2.0/jsr118/java/lang/String.htmlhttp://download.oracle.com/javame/config/cldc/ref-impl/midp2.0/jsr118/javax/microedition/lcdui/Item.html

96

items, ,

, 2.21.

2.21.

Form

public int ap-

pend(Item item)

.

public int ap-

pend(String str)

,

.

public int ap-

pend(Image img)

,

.

public void

set(int itemNum, Item item)

,

.

public void in-

sert(int itemNum,

Item item)

-

.

public void de-

lete(int itemNum)

.

public void deleteAll() .

public int size() .

public Item

get(int itemNum)

.

Item

Item , -

. Item (label

field).

, . Items -

,

Items . -

get-

MinimumWidth() getMinimumHeight().

, -

setPreferredSize().

Item -

. -

getLayout() setLayout(). , -

, Item,

2.22.

2.22.

97

Item

LAYOUT_2 MIDP 2.0.

LAYOUT_LEFT

LAYOUT_RIGHT

LAYOUT_CENTER

-

.

LAYOUT_TOP

LAYOUT_BOTTOM

LAYOUT_VCENTER

.

LAYOUT_SHRINK

LAYOUT_EXPAND

LAYOUT_VSHRINK

LAYOUT_VEXPAND

.

LAYOUT_NEWLINE_BEFORE

LAYOUT_NEWLINE_AFTER

-

.

Item :

1. PLAIN Item .

2. HYPERLINK Item .

3. BUTTON Item .

StringItem

StringItem Item,

. StringItem

: public StringItem(String label, String text);

public StringIten(String label, String text, int appearance-

Mode);

, appearanceMode

: Item.PLAIN, Item.HYPERLINK Item.BUTTON.

StringItem 2.23.

2.23.

StringItem

public String getText() null,

.

public void setText(String

text)

-

.

public Font getFont() .

public void setFont(Font

font)

.

public int

getAppearanceMode()

.

98

Spacer

Spacer

. Spacer

: public Spacer(int minWidth, int minHeight);

TextField

TextField , -

. -

: public TextField(String label, String text, int maxSize,

int constraints);

label , text

, maxSize ,

constraints . in-

put constraints

, TextField:

ANY ,

NUMERIC ,

DECIMAL ,

PHONENUMBER -

,

EMAILADDR e-mail,

URL URL.

, -

: PASSWORD, UNEDITABLE,

SENSITIVE, NON_PREDICTIVE, INITIAL_CAPS_WORD,

INITIAL_CAPS_SENTENCE.

TextField

TextBox.

ImageItem

ImageItem ,

. ImageItem: public ImageItem(String label, Image image, int layout,

String altText);

public ImageItem(String label, Image image, int layout,

String altText, int appearanceMode);

99

label , image -

, Image, layout

, altText , appearanceMode

. Label altText .

DateField

DateField -

. DateField : public DateField(String label, int mode);

public DateField(String label, int mode, TimeZone timeZone);

label , mode ,

DateField.DATE, Date-

Field.DATE_TIME DateField.TIME, timeZone ,

.

DateField 2.24.

2.24.

DateField

public Date getDate() .

public int

getInputMode()

.

public void setDate(Date

date)

.

public void setInput-

Mode(int mode)

.

Gauge

Gauge .

, -

.

Gauge -

: public Gauge(String label, boolean interactive, int maxVa-

lue, int initialValue);

label , in-

teractive

, maxValue , initialValue

0 maxValue, ,

maxValue Gauge.INDEFINITE, -

: Gauge.CONTINUOUS_IDLE,

100

Gauge.CONTINUOUS_RUNNING, Gauge.INCREMENTAL_IDLE

Gauge.INCREMENTAL_UPDATING.

Gauge , -

2.25.

2.25.

Gauge

public boolean isInte-

ractive()

,

.

public int getMaxValue()

.

public void setValue(int

value)

.

public int getValue() .

public void setMaxVa-

lue(int maxValue)

.

ChoiceGroup

ChoiceGroup List,

Choice .

ChoiceGroup: public ChoiceGroup(String label, int choiceType);

public ChoiceGroup(String label, int choiceType, String[]

stringElements, Image[] imageElements);

, ChoiceType ,

List, , IMPLICIT -

POPUP, -

.

CustomItem

CustomItem ,

, .

,

API.

, , . -

.

StringItem :

BUTTON, PLAIN HYPERLINK. StringItem BUTTON

, -

. DateField StringItem

(BUTTON). Date-

101

Field. Gauge Text-

Field, TextField Gauge.

setItemStateListener

. ,

ItemStateListener, -

TextField Gauge.

2.4: . /*

* FormExample.java

*/

package lab2;



import javax.microedition.lcdui.DateField;



import javax.microedition.lcdui.Form;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.Gauge;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.Item;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.ItemCommandListener;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.ItemStateListener;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.StringItem;



public class FormExample extends MIDlet

implements CommandListener {

private Display dispaly = Display.getDisplay(this);

// The global Next and Exit commands


mand.EXIT, 0);

private Command nextCommand = new Command("Next", Com-

mand.OK, 0);

// The array of forms and the index of the current form

private int currentForm = 0;

private Form[] forms = new Form[3];

// The form items

private StringItem item1, item2, item3;

private DateField dateField;

private Gauge gauge;


makeForms();

dispaly.setCurrent(forms[nextFormIndex()]);

}


}


}

102

// Process the global commands

public void commandAction(Command command, Displayable

d) {

if (command == exitCommand) {

notifyDestroyed();

}

else if (command == nextCommand) {

dispaly.setCurrent(forms[nextFormIndex()]);

}

}

private int nextFormIndex() {

if (currentForm == forms.length) {

currentForm = 0;

}

return currentForm++;

}

private void makeForms() {

// Create the first form

Form form1 = new Form("Form1. Layout of StringI-

tems");

item1 = new StringItem(null, "one", Item.BUTTON);

item2 = new StringItem(null, "two");

item3 = new StringItem(null, "three",

Item.HYPERLINK);

// Define command and command listener for item1

Command changeLayoutCommand = new Command("one",

Command.ITEM, 0);

item1.setDefaultCommand(changeLayoutCommand);

item1.setItemCommandListener(new ItemCommandListen-

er() {

public void commandAction(Command c, Item item)

{

// Change the layout mode for all StringItems

item1.setLayout(Item.LAYOUT_2 |

Item.LAYOUT_LEFT | Item.LAYOUT_NEWLINE_AFTER);


Item.LAYOUT_CENTER | Item.LAYOUT_NEWLINE_AFTER);


Item.LAYOUT_RIGHT | Item.LAYOUT_NEWLINE_AFTER);

}

});

form1.append(item1);



// Create the second form

Form form2 = new Form("Form2. DateField");

// Create the DateField item and place it on the form2

103

dateField = new DateField("DateField", Date-

Field.DATE);

dateField.setLayout(Item.LAYOUT_CENTER |

Item.LAYOUT_VCENTER);

// Create StringItem, place it and define Command and Com-

mandListener

StringItem dateControl = new StringItem(null,

"Change", Item.BUTTON);

dateControl.setLayout(Item.LAYOUT_CENTER |

Item.LAYOUT_BOTTOM);

dateControl.setDefaultCommand(new Command("Change",

Command.ITEM, 0));

dateControl.setItemCommandListener(new ItemComman-

dListener() {

public void commandAction(Command c, Item item)

{

// Change DateField's input mode

date-

Field.setInputMode((dateField.getInputMode() + 1) % 3 + 1);

}

});

form2.append(dateField);

form2.append(dateControl);

// Create the third form

Form form3 = new Form("Form3. Gauge");

gauge = new Gauge(null, false, 10, 5);

TextField textField = new TextField(null, "5", 2,

TextField.NUMERIC);

form3.setItemStateListener(new ItemStateListener() {

// Transfer changes from the textField to the gauge

public void itemStateChanged(Item item) {

TextField tField = (TextField) item;

int value = Integ-

er.parseInt(tField.getString());

if (value < 0)

value = 0;

else if (value > 10)

value = 10;

gauge.setValue(value);

}

});

form3.append(gauge);

form3.append(textField);

forms[0] = form1;

forms[1] = form2;

forms[2] = form3;

// Add global Commands and define the CommandListener for

them

104

for (int i = 0; i < forms.length; i++) {

forms[i].addCommand(exitCommand);

forms[i].addCommand(nextCommand);

forms[i].setCommandListener(this);

}

}

}

2.3.

MIDP

(Record Management System),

. Record Management System (RMS)

, -

,

.

(record) ,

, , , , .. ,

. API

.

. RMS

.

(RecordStore) .

, -

(record ID). , -

record ID 1, 2 . . ,

, .

(name)

MID-. 1 32

MID-, . MIDP 1.0

.

MIDP 2.0 -

. , -

, , .

,

.

.

Record Store ja-

vax.microedition.rms.RecordStore.

105

Record Store MID-, Record Store

MID- Record Store.

Record Store :

1. public static RecordStore openRecordStore(String re-cordStoreName, boolean createIfNecessary);

2. public static RecordStore openRecordStore(String re-cordStoreName, boolean createIfNecessary, int authmode,

boolean writable);

3. public static RecordStore openRecordStore(String re-cordStoreName, String vendorName, String suiteName);

, recordStoreName ; createIfNe-

cessary , ,

; authmode -

, .

authmode :

AUTHMODE_PRIVATE -

AUTHMODE_ANY

. writable

, ;

vendorName suiteName -

.

public void

closeRecordStore().

, .

, , -

: public static String[] listRecordStores().

pub-

lic static void deleteRecordStore(String recordSto-

reName).

-

public void setMode(int authmode, boolean writa-

ble).

,

public int getSize().

-

: public int getSizeAvailable().

, ja-

vax.microedition.rms,

, 2.26.

106

2.26.

InvalidRecordIDException ,

, -

.

RecordStoreException , -

.

RecordStoreFullException , -

.

RecordStoreNotFoundException , -

.

RecordStoreNotOpenException , -

, -

.

,

: public int addRecord(byte[] data, int offset, int numBytes).

data , ;

offset data, -

; numBytes ,

. -

.

, -

: 1. public byte[] getRecord(int recordId). 2. public int getRecord(int recordId, byte[] buf-

fer, int offset).

, recordId ; buffer

, ; offset -

, .

, .

: public void deleteRecord(int recordId).

: public void setRecord(int recordId, byte[] newData,

int offset, int numBytes). -

newDa-

ta.

int getNextRecordID() -

, Record Store.

107

getNumRecords() -

.

(RecordStore)

, TextBox

. TextBox -

(id),

RECORD_ID. , destroyApp(),

TextBox . ,

, - ,

TextBox .

2.5: . /*

* TextMiniEditor.java

*/

package lab3;










import javax.microedition.rms.RecordStore;

import javax.microedition.rms.RecordStoreException;

public class TextMiniEditor extends MIDlet

implements CommandListener

{

private static final String STORE_NAME = "TextMiniEdi-

torStore";

private static final int RECORD_ID = 1;

private TextBox textBox;

private RecordStore store;


mand.EXIT, 0);

public TextMiniEditor()

{

textBox = new TextBox("Text Mini Editor", null,

2000, TextField.ANY);

textBox.addCommand(exitCommand);

textBox.setCommandListener(this);

try {

store = openStore();

if (store.getNumRecords() > 0) {

byte[] data = store.getRecord(RECORD_ID);

108

textBox.setString(new String(data));

}

}

catch (RecordStoreException ex) {

showError(ex.getMessage(), false);

}

finally {

try {

store.closeRecordStore();

}

catch (RecordStoreException ex) {

ex.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

protected void destroyApp(bo

b k ; < i m e g i < c f w h v f i a -...

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