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___________ TECHNICAL _________ ACTIVITIES

Neutron Interactions and Dosimetry Group

Ionizing Radiation DivisionNational Institute of Standards and Technology

December 2000

Conventional Neutron Phase-Contrast Radiograph Radiograph

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Cover:

The neutron radiographs on the cover show the phase-contrastenhancement of images of cracks in a turbine blade. The phase-contrast image was made by a novel method without the use of aneutron interferometer. See Nature, 408, 9 November 2000,p.158.

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CONTENTS

Introduction ................................................................................................... 1

Technical Activities ....................................................................................... 2

A. Fundamental Neutron Physics

B. Standard Neutron Fields and Applications

C. Neutron Cross Section Standards

Calibrations ................................................................................................... 8

Publications.................................................................................................... 9

Invited Talks .................................................................................................. 13

Technical and Professional Committee Participation and Leadership.... 15

Sponsored Workshops .................................................................................. 17

Staff................................................................................................................. 18

Curriculum Vitae .......................................................................................... 19

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INTRODUCTION

Neutron Interactions and Dosimetry Group

This Group provides measurement services, standards, and fundamental research in support ofNIST�s mission as it relates to neutron technology and neutron physics. The industrial interestsserved include scientific instrument calibration, electric power production, radiation protection,national defense, radiation therapy, neutron imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging.

The Group�s activities for the year 1999 are presented in the following pages under three projectheadings:

A. Fundamental Neutron Physics - including development of an ultracoldneutron source, applications of neutron interferometry and neutron optical techniques,development of neutron spin filters based on laser polarization of 3He, measurement ofthe beta decay lifetime of the neutron, and investigations of other coupling constants andsymmetries of the weak interaction. This project involves a large number ofcollaborators from universities and national laboratories.

B. Standard Neutron Fields and Applications - utilizing both thermal and fastneutron fields for dosimetry in nuclear reactor and defense applications and for personneldosimetry in radiation protection. These neutron fields include thermal neutron beams,�white� and monochromatic cold neutron beams, a thermal-neutron-induced 235U fissionneutron field, and 252Cf fission neutron fields, both moderated and unmoderated. Thecalibration of these neutron fields is derived from related artifacts, facilities, andcapabilities maintained by the project: the national standard neutron source NBS-I, amanganous sulfate bath for neutron source comparisons, a collection of fissionableisotope mass standards (FIMS), a collection of boron and lithium isotopic standards, andspectroscopy facilities for both gamma rays and alpha particles.

C. Neutron Cross Section Standards - including experimental advancement ofthe accuracy of neutron cross section standards, as well as evaluation, compilation anddissemination of these standards. These data standards are important for nuclear reactorsafety and performance calculations, for development of fusion energy, for understandinghigh-energy neutron dosimetry in radiation protection and radiation therapy, and for basicscience studies in astrophysics.

Summary of Main Accomplishments

Accomplishments this year have included (i) demonstration of phase-contrast neutronradiography without an interferometer, (ii) demonstration of thermal-neutron-induced softfailures in SRAM and DRAM chips, (iii) further investigation of the separation of coherentscattering from incoherent scattering using 3He-based polarization analysis in small angleneutron scattering (SANS), and (iv) completion of the final data-taking runs of the Penning-Trapneutron lifetime experiment.

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D. M. Gilliam, December 2000

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Technical Activities

A. Fundamental Neutron Physics

• Tests of the Weak Interaction and theNeutron Lifetime(M.S. Dewey, J. Nico, P. Huffman,F. Wietfeldt, J. Adams, A. Thompson,with M. Arif, T. Gentile, F. Bateman,D. Gilliam, D. Jacobson)

The cold neutron guide hall at the NISTCenter for Neutron Research (NCNR)provides a unique opportunity for the U.S. tocompete for a leading role in research on thephysics of fundamental particles. Highprecision measurements at very low neutronenergies complement high energy research atnational and international particle acceleratorlaboratories. Measurement techniquesdeveloped for this research improve NIST�sability to provide measurement services andcalibrations. The Neutron Interactions andDosimetry Group pursues a research programof its own, as well as supporting a nationaluser facility for industrial and universityresearchers.

Two different neutron lifetime experiments,one a Harvard-led ultracold neutron (UCN)experiment, the other a NIST-led cold neutronbeam experiment, are currently able to takedata on our polychromatic neutron beam at theNCNR.

Complete three-dimensional magnetictrapping of ultracold neutrons wasdemonstrated by the Harvard/NISTcollaboration for the first time, as reported inthe journal Nature (403, 2000). Trapping ofneutral and charged particles is an invaluabletool for the study of both composite and

elementary particles. The main advantages oftrapping are long interaction times andisolation from perturbing environments. Inthe present work, inelastic scattering insuperfluid 4He is used to load neutrons intothe trap, and the helium also acts as ascintillator for detection of neutron decay. Thework described in the Nature article verifiedthe theoretical predictions of the loadingprocess and the technique of magnetictrapping of neutrons. During CY00 majorupgrades to the apparatus were installed,including a larger trapping magnet and amonochromator to prefilter the incident beam. These improvements should result in aprecise measurement of the beta-decaylifetime of the neutron sometime in CY01.

The NIST-led lifetime experiment utilizes aPenning trap for decay protons and a thin 6Lineutron fluence monitor to measure thelifetime of free neutrons in a 30 K thermalneutron beam. During CY00 final data takingruns of the experiment were completed. Amajor source of uncertainty in this experimentcomes from measurement of the neutronfluence. In the past the neutron monitorcalibration factor was calculated from a coldneutron capture cross section, the areal densityof the 6Li deposit through which the neutronspass, and the measured solid angle of thedetector. Now in collaboration with IndianaUniversity, an independent calibration of theneutron fluence monitor is being achieved byuse of a totally absorbing cryogeniccalorimeter. Several absorbing targets arebeing intercompared: LiPb, LiMg, and liquid3He. The LiMg target results have verified thethin 6Li monitor results within about 0.4%, asreported in a recent Ph.D. thesis. When

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completed in early CY01, this work isexpected to reduce the uncertainty in theneutron fluence by at least a factor of two.

Preliminary work has begun on a NIST-ledexperiment to measure the electron-antineutrino correlation in neutron beta decayusing a novel asymmetry technique that doesnot rely on precise proton spectroscopy. Thiscorrelation coefficient was last measured in1978 and has a 5% uncertainty (bycomparison the other better known correlationcoefficients are known to slightly better than1%). This experiment requires an electronspectrometer with a high degree of backscattersuppression to minimize the low-energy tail inthe response function. During CY00 aprototype electron spectrometer consisting ofa conical array of plastic scintillator detectorscoupled to photomultipliers was designed andconstructed, and testing was begun on our 4MeV electron Van de Graaf.

In CY00 the large collaborations responsiblefor two previous experiments on ourpolychromatic beam continued major drives toupgrade those experiments in preparation forfurther running on our beam. Both projects, asearch for time-reversal symmetry violatingcorrelations in neutron decay and a search forparity violating spin rotation of neutrons inbulk media, are expecting to be ready forbeam time sometime in late CY01. Theseprojects have produced three recent Ph.D.theses and have already made modestimprovements on the best preceding results. The results of the time-reversal asymmetryexperiment were recently published in Phys.Rev. C.

Throughout the year our group exploredpromising new ideas for experiments that

probe the weak interactions with scientistsfrom Los Alamos National Laboratory(LANL). The most promising ideas wouldlead to participation in a LANL-ledmeasurement of the parity-violating gamma-ray asymmetry in the �npd��reaction(polarized neutron plus proton goes todeuteron plus gamma-ray) at the spallationneutron source at LANL, and to participationin a LANL-led measurement of the electricdipole moment of the neutron using UCN.

• Polarized 3He for Neutron SpinFilters(T. Gentile, A. Thompson, D. Rich)

The primary focus of the polarized 3Heprogram is the development of neutron spinfilters and application of these devices to bothmaterials science and fundamental physics. We are developing two optical pumpingmethods, spin-exchange and metastability-exchange, for producing the polarized 3Hegas. In collaboration with materials scientists,we are conducting experiments at the NCNRto demonstrate the advantages of 3He spinfilters for certain materials scienceapplications. In addition, we are contributingto an experiment in weak interaction physicsat the Los Alamos National Laboratory, andare also collaborating with Indiana Universityin applications at the Intense Pulsed NeutronSource (IPNS) at Argonne NationalLaboratory.

In May 2000, we employed polarized 3He-based neutron polarization analysis for anexperiment on the NCNR NG7 small angleneutron scattering (SANS) instrument. Thegoal was to separate the magnetic and nuclearscattering obtained from a sample of thecolossal magnetoresistive (CMR) material

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La0.85 Sr0.15Mn03. Materials in this class are ofinterest for application of polarized 3Hebecause no other method exists for isolation ofthe magnetic scattering. Data was acquiredusing cells polarized by both optical pumpingmethods. The ferromagnetic transition of thematerial at 235 K was clearly identified bydepolarization of the neutron beam by thesample. However, analysis of the scatteringdata has proved to be problematic, which maybe due to the overwhelming structuralscattering in this sample. Hence we areplanning experiments on other samples so thatthe method can be demonstrated clearly in asimple case before tackling such difficultsamples again.

Besides production of the polarized 3He gasrequired for spin filters, an important issue inthe application of spin filters is the interactionwith the sample and instrument environments. Relaxation of the 3He polarization in differentholding field scenarios is being studied with adiode-laser based apparatus for metastability-exchange optical pumping.

The 3He polarization achievable with thediaphragm compressor apparatus has beenimproved using a more efficient opticalpumping scheme. For the SANS experimentthe polarizations obtained from each of theoptical pumping methods were both just under50%, but the spin-exchange cell was the betterperformer because of the extremely longrelaxation time of the spin-exchange cell (130hours). Hence the focus of attention for themetastable work will shift from improving thepolarization to improving the cell relaxationtimes by using alkali coatings.

We are also investigating spin-exchangeoptical pumping with spectrally narrowed high

power diode lasers. One of the reasons wetypically use high 3He pressure (3.5 bar) forspin-exchange cells is to increase the pressure-broadened absorption width to better matchthe broad spectrum of high power diodelasers. Recently spectrally narrowed diodelasers have been developed by otherresearchers, which might allow reducedpressures for spin-exchange cells. In additionto relaxing the mechanical constraints on spin-exchange cells, lower pressure cells wouldallow for the possibility of extremely long cellrelaxation times because of the reduceddipole-dipole relaxation. We have recentlyproduced a neutron-compatible cell at 1 barwith a relaxation time of at least 400 hours, aworld record to our knowledge. Such cellswould allow for quite stable polarization evenin the absence of continuous optical pumping.

NIST is collaborating with LANL in theapplication of 3He polarizers to the proposednpd� LANSCE experiment. A recent test runat LANSCE (Nov., 2000) utilized a NIST�double� spin-exchange cell (i.e., separatevolumes for optical pumping and spinfiltering). Indiana University recentlyemployed a metastability-exchange cellprepared and tested at NIST for an experimentto demonstrate 3He-based neutron polarizationanalysis in polarized neutron reflectometry.

• Neutron Interferometry and OpticsFacility (NIOF)(M. Arif, D. Jacobson, S.A. Werner,P. Huffman, T. Gentile, A. Thompson)

During the past year at the NIOF a number offundamental and applied physics experimentshave been started and/or completed withcollaborators from the University of

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Melbourne, Australia, the University ofMissouri, the University of Indiana, and theUniversity of North Carolina: Phase ContrastRadiography, Neutron-Deuteron ScatteringLength in Gaseous Deuterium, DynamicalDiffraction Measurement of the Neutron-Electron Scattering Length, and Visualizationof Lithium Ion Migration in Ion Conductors.

The results of an experiment to producequantitative Phase Contrast Radiographs ofsmall objects were reported in the journalNature (408, 2000). This experiment was theresult of collaborative efforts between NIOF,the University of Melbourne, and theUniversity of Missouri. This Phase ContrastRadiography technique is novel since itprovides a way of extracting phaseinformation in an image without the use of aninterferometer. Images taken have shown thatthis technique makes small and delicatefeatures much more prominent. Eventuallythis technique will be applied to neutron phasecontrast tomography as well.

Major progress has been made in the designand construction of a highly sensitiveexperimental assembly for the precisionmeasurement of the scattering lengths of gasesin a neutron interferometer. This will lead toan upcoming experiment that will measure thescattering length of deuterium gas. Thisachievement is important since the neutroninterferometer represents the only neutronoptical device capable of precisely measuringthe scattering lengths of gaseous samples.Accurate knowledge of the scattering length isimportant in many theoretical models of theneutron interaction in few body problems. Byusing gaseous samples, one can avoid some ofthe difficulties encountered in interpreting theresults of similar scattering length

measurements in solid state systems e.g.Bragg reflection interferences.

The results of an ongoing experiment tomeasure the neutron-electron interactionamplitude via the scattering length bne havebeen extremely promising. This veryfundamental quantity bne is critical to theunderstanding of the charge structure of theneutron and of the deuteron charge structure inatomic physics. After four decades ofsustained effort discrepancies betweendifferent experimental values and betweenexperiment and theory persist. Using a noveldynamical diffraction effect for a perfectsingle crystal inside a neutron interferometer,we are attempting to measure bne directly andaccurately. This measurement does not sufferfrom many of the systematic errors commonto most of the previous experiments.

Ongoing experiments supported by the NISTAdvanced Technology Program attempt toimage lithium ion conduction in batteries andreveal the isotopic lithium concentration inion conductors. This research effort aims atproviding new methods for evaluating theeffectiveness of future battery technologies.

Finally, after a highly successful effort todesign, construct, and operate a mobile 3-Dneutron imaging station, new funding has beensecured to aid in the construction of a morepermanent neutron tomography facility. TheDOE Office of Transportation TechnologiesFuel Cell Program is supporting theestablishment of a fuel cell test and evaluationfacility here at NIST. This station will affordindustrial researchers the tools of neutrontomography to aid the future development ofadvanced fuel cell related technologies.

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B. Standard Neutron Fields andApplications

• Neutron Dosimetry(J. Adams, J. Nico, A. Thompson,D. Gilliam)

The number of routine calibrations andirradiations was somewhat lower this yearthan in the preceding year, but there weresome important new developments.

For the first time we provided a neutronsurvey instrument calibration in an Am-Beneutron field. We still have somedevelopment work to do on this capabilitybefore we can provide these calibrations withuncertainties as low as those done with 252Cfsources. Nevertheless, the customer was verypleased to get a calibration that relates directlyto his own Am-Be transfer source.

Another important development was theinitiation of accelerated testing for neutron-induced soft failures in SRAM and DRAMchips. This accelerated testing was done bothwith thermal neutrons and 252Cf neutrons. Inthis work, it was shown conclusively thatthermal neutrons at normal environmentallevels (from cosmic rays) have begun to be aserious problem for some batches of SRAMand DRAM chips which incorporateborosilicate glass films in their manufacture.

The neutron source calibrations this yearincluded one calibration for a secondarystandards laboratory and two calibrations forindustrial customers. The radiation protectiondosimetry calibration customers included oneDOE fuel processing facility and fourindustrial customers. Special tests for twoneutron detector manufacturers were

performed with thermal neutron beams at thereactor thermal column.

C. Neutron Cross Section Standards

• Neutron Cross Section Standards(A. Carlson, D. Gilliam)

The NIST Neutron Cross Section StandardsProject has played an important role in theimprovement of the neutron cross sectionstandards through both evaluation andexperimental work. We are leading an effortthat will result in a new internationalevaluation of the neutron cross sectionstandards. This has involved motivating andcoordinating new standards measurements,examining the standards database, andpursuing the extension of the standards over alarger energy range. This work is taking placethrough participation in the U.S. CrossSection Evaluation Working Group and twointernational committees, the InternationalAtomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and theNuclear Energy Agency Nuclear ScienceCommittee. An IAEA Coordinated ResearchProject has been formed to provide resourcesto allow meetings of the contributors to thisevaluation process. An objective is tocomplete the evaluation in time for the majorinternational cross section evaluation projectsto use the improved standards in forming newversions of their libraries.

This NIST project has continued to maintaina limited experimental role in themeasurements of the standards. This role hasled to a new, NIST-LANL-Ohio Universitycollaborative measurement of the H(n,n)angular distribution at Ohio University at 10MeV neutron energy. The final results of thedata indicate differences with the most recent

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U.S. evaluation of this angular distribution. As a result of these differences, measurementsare planned at about 15 MeV neutron energyto determine the energy dependence. Thiswork was initiated as a result of concernsabout that evaluation expressed by Europeanstandards groups. The H(n,n) angulardistribution is one of the most importantneutron cross section standards. Also, plansare being made for a new measurement, whichwill lead to improvements in the 10B(n,∀ )standard at low neutron energies. This workwill be done at the new NIST monochromaticneutron beam facility on NG6.

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DOSIMETRY INSTRUMENT AND SOURCE CALIBRATIONS, 2000

Customer ClassificationType ofService

No. ofCustomers

No. of TestsPerformed

Service FeeIncome ($)

Industrial H 2 2 5,465

I 4 5 7,308

Government Agencies H 1 1 2,309

I 1 1 1,410

SUBTOTALS H 3 3 7,774

I 5 6 8,718

GRAND TOTALS H and I 8 9 16,492

Service Code Type of Service SP250 NumberH Radioactive Neutron Source Calibrations 44010C, 44020C

I Neutron Survey Instrument Calibrations 44060C

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PUBLICATIONS

Abdurashitov, J.N., Gavrin, V.N.,Girin, S.V., Gorbachev, V.V.,Ibragimova, T.V., Kalikhov, A.V.,Khairnasov, N.G., Knodel, V.N.,Mirmov, I.N., Shikhin, A.A.,Verentenkin, E.P., Vermul, V.M.,Yants, V.E., Zatsepin, G.T.,Bowles, T.J., Teasdale, W.A.,Wark, D.L., Cherry, M.L., Nico, J.S., Cleveland, B.T., Davis, Jr., R.,Lande, K., Wildenhain, P.S.,Elliott, S.R., and Wilkerson, J.F.,�Measurement of the Solar NeutrinoCapture Rate by SAGE and Implicationsfor Neutrino Oscillations in Vacuum,�Physical Review Letters, 83 4686(1999).

Abdurashitov, J.N., Gavrin, V.N.,Kalikhov, A.V., Matushko, V.L.,Shikhin, A.A., Yants, V.E.,Zaborskaia, O.S., Adams, J.M.,Nico, J.S., and Thompson, A.K., �AHigh Resolution, Low Background FastNeutron Spectrometer,� Proceedings ofthe International Workshop on NeutronField Spectrometry in Science,Technology and Radiation Protection,Pisa, Italy, June 2000, in press.

Adams, J.M., �Results from the NISTRound Robin Test of FissionableDosimeters in a Reactor LeakageSpectrum,� Reactor Dosimetry:Radiation Metrology and Assessment,ASTM STP 1398, edited by John G.Williams, David W. Vehar, Frank H.Ruddy, and David M. Gilliam, (ASTM,West Conshohocken, PA, 2000) in press.

Adams, J. M., �The Neutron SourceCalibration Program at the NationalInstitute of Standards and Technology,�in Transactions of the American NuclearSociety, San Diego, CA, 82 106-107(2000).

Adams, J. M., Greenhouse, L.A.,�Nuclear Science at the NationalInstitute of Standards and Technology: A Historical Overview,� in Transactionsof the American Nuclear Society, WinterMeeting, November 2000, Washington,DC, in press.

Allman, B.E., McMahon, P.J.,Nugent, K.A., Paganin, D.,Jacobson, D.L., Arif, M., Werner, S.A.,�Quantitative Phase Radiography withNeutrons,� Nature, in press.

Bateman, F.B., Boukharouba, N.,Brient, C.E., Carlson, A.D.,Grimes, S.M., Haight, R.C.,Massey, T.N., Wasson, O.A., �NewMeasurements of the H(n,n)H AngularDistribution,� Reactor Dosimetry,ASTM STP 1398, edited byJ.G. Williams, D.W. Vehar, F.H. Ruddyand D.M. Gilliam, (ASTM, WestConshohocken, PA, 2000) in press.

Denecke, B., Eykens, R., Pauwels, J.,Robouch, P., Gilliam, D.M., Hodge, P.,Hutchison, J.M.R., Nico, J.S.,�Characterization of Actinide Targets byLow Solid-Angle Alpha ParticleCounting,� Nucl. Instrum. Methods in

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Phys. Res. A 438, 124-130 (1999).

Dewey, M.S., Kessler, E.G., Jr.,�Precision Measurement of FundamentalConstants Using GAMS4,� NIST J. Res.,Proc. Applications of High-PrecisionGamma-Spectroscopy Meeting, NotreDame, IN, June 30-July 3, 1998, J. Res.Natl. Inst. Stan. 105, 11-23 (2000).

Gentile, T.R., Rich, D.R.,Thompson, A.K., Bailey, C.,Gericke, M., Hussey, D., Neff, B.,Snow, W.M., Jones, G.L., Wildman, E.,�The NIST-Indiana-Hamilton Polarized3He Spin Filter Program,� inProceedings of the Fundamental Physicswith Pulsed Neutron Beams Conference,TUNL, Durham, NC, June 1-2, 2000,World Scientific Inc., in press.

Gentile, T.R., Jones, G.L., Thompson,A.K., Barker, J., Glinka, C.J.,Hammouda, B., and Lynn, J.W., �SANSPolarization Analysis with Nuclear-Spin-Polarized 3He,� J. Appl. Cryst. 33, 771-774 (2000).

Gentile, T.R., Jones, G.L., Thompson,A.K., Rizi, R.R., Dimitrov, I.E., Roberts,D., Gefter, W., Schnall, M.D., andLeigh, J.S., �Demonstration of aCompact Compressor for Application ofMetastability-Exchange OpticalPumping of 3He to Human LungImaging,� Magn. Reson. Med., 43, 290-294 (2000).

Gilliam, D. M., �NIST Neutron Physicsand Dosimetry,� in Transactions of theAmerican Nuclear Society/EuropeanNuclear Society Winter MeetingNovember 12-16, 2000, Washington,DC.

Grundl, J.A., �NIST Cavity FissionSource - Operations Manual,� NISTIR6419.

Grundl, J.A., �NIST Cavity FissionSource (CFS) - Facility Characteristics,�NISTIR 6420.

Huffman, P.R., Brome, C.R.,Butterworth, J.S., Dzhosyuk, S.N.,Golub, R., Lamoreaux, S.K.,Mattoni, C.E.H., McKinsey, D.N., andDoyle, J.M., �Magnetically StabilizedLuminescent Excitations in HexagonalBoron Nitride,� Journal ofLuminescence, in press.

Huffman, P.R., Brome, C.R.,Butterworth, J.S., Coakley, K.J.,Dewey, M.S., Dzhosyuk, S.N.,Gilliam, D.M., Golub, R., Greene, G.L.,Habicht, K., Jones, G.L.,Lamoreaux, S.K., Mattoni, C.E.H.,McKinsey, D.N., Wietfeldt, F.E.,Doyle, J.M., �Progress TowardsMagnetic Trapping of UltracoldNeutrons,� Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 440,522-527 (2000).

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Huffman, P.R., Brome, C.R.,Butterworth, J.S., Coakley, K.J.,Dewey, M.S., Dzhosyuk, S.N., Golub, R,Greene, G.L., Habicht, K.,Lamoreaux, S.K., Mattoni, C.E.H.,McKinsey, D.N., Wietfeldt, F.E.,Doyle, J.M., �Magnetic Trapping ofNeutrons,� Nature, 403, 62-64 (2000).

Huffman, P.R., Coakley, K.J.,Thompson, A.K., Yang, G.L.,Wietfeldt, F.E., Alvine, K.J.,Brome, C.R., Dzhosyuk, S.N.,Mattoni, C.E.H., Michniak, R.A.,McKinsey, D.N., Yang, L., Doyle, J.M.,Golub, R., Habicht, K., Koch, J., andLamoreaux, S.K., Leite, M.L., Maia, L.,Rodrigues, A.C., Zanotto, E.D.,�Magnetic Trapping of UltracoldNeutrons: Prospects for an ImprovedMeasurement of the Neutron Lifetime,�in Conference Proceedings for theWorkshop on Fundamental Physics withPulsed Neutron Beams (World ScientificInc.), in press.

Jacobson, D.L., Arif, M., Bergmann, L.,and Ioffe, A., �Development of theNeutron Phase Contrast ImagingTechnique and its Application inMaterial Science Research,� in SPIEConference Proceedings, Denver, CO,July 17-23, 1999, in press.

Jones, G.L., Adams, J.M., Anaya, J.M.,Bowles, T.J., Chupp, T.E.,Coulter, K.P., Dewey, M.S.,Freedman, S.J., Fujikawa, B.K.,Garcia, A., Greene, G.L., Hwang, S.-R.,Lising, L.J., Mumm, H.P., Nico, J.S.,Robertson, R.G.H., Steiger, T.D.,Teasdale, W.A., Thompson, A.K.,Wasserman, E.G., Wietfeldt, F.E., andWilkerson, J.F., �Time Reversal inPolarized Neutron Decay - The EMITExperiment,� Nucl. Instrum. Methods inPhys. Res. A 440 648-652 (2000).

Jones, G.L., Gentile, T.R.,Thompson, A.K., Chowdhuri, Z.,Dewey, M.S., Snow, W.M., andWietfeldt, F.E., �Test of 3He-basedNeutron Polarizers at NIST,� Nucl.Instrum. Meth. A 440, 772-776 (2000).

Lising, L.J., Hwang, S.R., Adams, J.M.,Bowles, T.J., Browne, M.C.,Chupp, T.E., Coulter, K.P.,Dewey, M.S., Freedman, S.J.,Fujikawa, B.K., Garcia, A.,Greene, G.L., Jones, G.L., Mumm, H.P.,Nico, J.S., Richardson, J.M.,Robertson, R.G.H, Steiger, T.D.,Teasdale, W.A., Thompson, A.K.,Wasserman, E.G., Wietfeldt, F.E.,Welsh, R.C., and Wilkerson, J.F., � NewLimit on the D Coefficient in PolarizedNeutron Decay,� Physical Review C 62055501 (2000).

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Maurer, R.H., Roth, D.R.,Fainchtein, R., Goldsten, J.O.,Kinnison, J.D., Thompson, A.K.,�Portable Real Time NeutronSpectrometry,� in AIP ConferenceProceedings #458, Space Technologyand Applications International Forum(STAIF-99), Conference on InternationalSpace Station Utilization (1999).

Nico, J.S., Abdurashitov, J.N.,Gavrin, V.N., Girin, S.V.,Gorbachev, V.V., Ibragimova, T.V.,Kalikhov, A.V., Khairnasov, N.G.,Knodel, V.N., Mirmov, I.N.,Shikhin, A.A., Verentenkin, E.P.Vermul, V.M., Yants, V.E.,Zatsepin, G.T., Bowles, T.J.,Teasdale, W.A., Wark, D.L.,Cherry, M.L., Cleveland, B.T.,Davis, Jr., R., Lande, K.,Wildenhain, P.S., Elliott, S.R., andWilkerson, J.F., �Solar Neutrino Resultsfrom SAGE,� in Proceedings of the 10th

Baksan School on Particles andCosmology, in press.

Rich, D.R., Fan, S., Gentile, T.R.,Hussey, D., Jones, G.L., Neff, B.,Snow, W.M., Thompson, A.K.,�Polarized 3He Neutron Spin FilterDevelopment and Application at IndianaUniversity and NIST,� Physica B, inpress.

Rizi, R.R., Roberts, D.A. Dimitrov, I.E.,Lipson, D.A., Gentile, T.R., Jones, G.,Thompson, A., Gefter, W.B.,Schnall, M.D., and Leigh, J.S.,�Ventilation/Perfusion of LungParenchyma using Hyperpolarized 3HeGas and Arterial Spin-Tagging,� Journalof Magnetic Resonance Imaging, inpress.

Snow, W.M., Bazhenov, A.,Blessinger, C.S., Bowman, J.D.,Chupp, T.E., Coulter, K.P.,Freedman, S.J., Fujikawa, B.K.,Gentile, T.R., Greene, G.L., Hansen, G.,Hogan, G.E., Ishimoto, S., Jones, G.L.,Knudson, J.N., Kolomenski, E.,Lamoreaux, S.K., Leuschner, M.B.,Masaike, A., Masuda, Y., Matsuda, Y.,Morgan, G.L., Morimoto, K., Morris,C.L., Nann, H., Penttila, S.I.,Pirozhkov, A., Pomeroy, V.R.,Rich, D.R., Serebrov, A., Sharapov, E.I.,Smith, D.A., Smith, T.B., Welsh, R.C.,Wietfeldt, F.E., Wilburn, W.S.,Yuan, V.W., and Zerger, J.,�Measurement of the Parity ViolatingAsymmetry Aγ in n + p → d + γ,� Nucl.Instrum. Meth. A 440, 729-735 (2000).

Snow, W.M., Chowdhuri, Z.,Dewey, M.S., Fei, X., Gilliam, D.M.,Greene, G.L., Nico, J.S., andWietfeldt, F.E. �A Measurement of theNeutron Lifetime by Counting TrappedProtons,� Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 440, 528-534 (2000)

Stanka, M.B., Adams, J.M., andEisenhauer, C.M., �Proton RecoilMeasurements of the 252Cf FissionNeutron Leakage Spectrum from an Iron

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Sphere,� Nuclear Sci. and Eng., 134 68-76 (2000).

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INVITED TALKS

Adams, J.M., �The Neutron SourceCalibration Program at the NationalInstitute of Standards and Technology,�2000 American Nuclear Society AnnualMeeting, San Diego, CA, June 4-8,2000.

Arif, M., �Neutron InterferometricMeasurement of the Neutron-ElectronInteraction Length,� Atomic and OpticalPhysics Division Seminar, April 6, 2000.

Arif, M., �NDE of Fuel Cells viaNeutron Imaging,� presentation at theDOE Program Review Conference,Richland, WA, June 8, 2000.

Carlson, A.D., �Recent NIST NuclearData Activities,� U.S. Nuclear DataProgram Meeting, Lawrence BerkeleyNational Laboratory, Berkeley, CA,April 26, 2000.

Carlson, A.D., �Status of theInternational Evaluation of the NeutronCross Section Standards,� WorkingParty on International EvaluationCooperation Meeting, Japan AtomicEnergy Research Institute, Tokai-Mura,Japan, June 20, 2000.

Carlson, A.D., �The U.S. Nuclear DataMeasurement Program,� Working Partyon International Evaluation CooperationMeeting, Japan Atomic Energy ResearchInstitute, Tokai-Mura, Japan, June 21,2000.

Carlson, A.D., �New Data for theInternational Neutron StandardsProject�, Cross SectionEvaluation Working Group Meeting,Brookhaven National Laboratory,November 8, 2000.

Dewey, M.S., �Measuring the NeutronLifetime by Counting Trapped Protons�and �A New Experiment to Measure theBeta-Antineutrino Correlation inNeutron Decay,� Division of NuclearPhysics meeting, October 1999.

Dewey, M.S., �Fundamental Physicswith Cold and Ultracold Neutrons,�State University of New York at StonyBrook, December 1999.

Dewey, M.S., �A Measurement of theNeutron Lifetime Using a PenningTrap,� American Physical Society springmeeting, May 2000.

Dewey, M.S., �Fundamental Physicswith Pulsed Neutron Beams,� SpallationNeutron Source Workshop, June 2000.

Dewey, M.S., �New Experiment toMeasure the Electron-AntineutrinoCorrelation in Neutron Beta Decay,�Division of Nuclear Physics meeting,October 2000.

Gentile, T.R., �Polarized 3He: Use it toPolarize Neutrons, Image Lungs, StudyNeutron Structure - and it�s a Floor Wax,too,� University of Maryland at College

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Park, College Park, MD, February 14,2000.

Gentile, T.R., �Polarized 3He forNeutron Spin Filters and Lung Imaging,�California Institute of Technology,Pasadena, CA, March 3, 2000.

Gilliam, D.M., �NIST Neutron Physicsand Dosimetry,� American NuclearSociety/European Nuclear SocietyWinter Meeting, Washington, DC,November 15, 2000.

Gilliam, D.M., �Neutron Target MassStandards at NIST,� 16th InternationalConference on the Application ofAccelerators in Research and Industry,CAARI-2000, Denton, TX, November 2,2000.

Huffman, P.R., �Prospects for anImproved Neutron LifetimeMeasurement Using MagneticallyTrapped Ultracold Neutrons,� College IIIseminar, Institute Laue Langevin,Grenoble, France, September 29, 2000.

Huffman, P.R., �Magnetic Trapping ofUltracold Neutrons,� Special PhysicsSeminar, Lancaster University, Bailrigg,Lancaster, United Kingdom, August 22,2000.

Huffman, P.R., �Magnetic Trapping ofUltracold Neutrons,� NIST Center forNeutron Research Seminar,Gaithersburg, MD 20899, August 2,2000.

Huffman, P.R., �Magnetic Trapping ofUltracold Neutrons,� April Meeting ofthe American Physical Society, LongBeach, CA, 90831, May 1, 2000.

Huffman, P.R., �Magnetic Trapping ofNeutrons,� Nuclear Physics Seminar,University of Maryland, College Park,MD 20742, April 3, 2000.

Huffman, P.R., �Magnetic Trapping ofNeutrons,� Physics Seminar, Hahn-Meitner-Institut, Berlin, Germany,March 24, 2000.

Huffman, P.R., �Magnetic Trapping ofNeutrons,� Physics DepartmentColloquium, The Catholic University ofAmerica, Washington, DC 20064,February 23, 2000.

Huffman, P.R., �Magnetic Trapping ofNeutrons,� Nuclear Physics Seminar,University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI53706, February 8, 2000.

Nico, J.S., "Measuring the NeutronLifetime," University of Washington,Nuclear Physics Laboratory Seminar,Seattle, WA, April, 2000.

Thompson, A.K., �Issues and Proceduresfor Neutron Dosimeter Calibrations atNIST,� presented at 2000 Harshaw TLDUser Symposium, September 19, 2000.

Wietfeldt, F.E., �The Decay of theNeutron,� Indiana University, NuclearPhysics Seminar, March 24, 2000.

Wietfeldt, F.E., �The Decay of theNeutron,� University of North Carolina �Wilmington, Physics DepartmentColloquium, March 9, 2000.

Wietfeldt, F.E., �The Decay of theNeutron,� University of Wisconsin �Madison Nuclear Physics Seminar,February 24, 2000.

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TECHNICAL AND PROFESSIONAL COMMITTEEPARTICIPATION AND LEADERSHIP

James M. Adams

Member, American Society for Testing andMaterials, Committee E10 on NuclearTechnology and Applications

Secretary, American Society for Testing andMaterials, Subcommittee E10.05 on NuclearRadiation Metrology

Chairman, American Society for Testing andMaterials, Task Group E10.05.05 onActivation Reactions

Secretary, American Society for Testing andMaterials Symposium Committee andProgram Committee for the EleventhInternational Symposium on ReactorDosimetry

Member, American Nuclear SocietyCommittee ANS-19.10 on Fast NeutronFluence to Pressurized Water Reactors

Member, Council on Ionizing RadiationMeasurements and Standards, Subcommitteeon Industrial Applications and MaterialsEffects

Muhammad Arif

Chairman, NIST Research AdvisoryCommittee (RAC)

Allan D. Carlson

Member, Cross Section Evaluation WorkingGroup (CSEWG), National Nuclear DataCenter

Member, Evaluation Committee of CSEWG

Coordinator, Subgroup on Evaluation of theNuclear Data Standards of The Working

Party on International EvaluationCooperation (WPEC) of the Nuclear EnergyAgency Nuclear Science CommitteeChairman, WPEC Subgroup on the CrossSection Standards

Member, Measurements Committee ofCSEWG

Member, Coordinating Committee of theU.S. DOE Nuclear Data Program

Member, International Technical ProgramCommittee for the International Conferenceon Nuclear Data for Science and Technologyto be held in Japan, Oct. 2001

David M. Gilliam

Member, ASTM Subcommittee E0.05,Nuclear Radiation Metrology

Chair, ASTM Task Group E10.05.10,Neutron Metrology

Member, Program Advisory Committee,North Carolina State University ReactorFacility

NIST Representative, CCRI, Section III-Measures Neutroniques

Chair, Technical Review Committee, UCNBeta Asymmetry Experiment, Los AlamosNational Laboratory

Member, Symposium Committee, ASTM-EURATOM Symposium Committee onReactor Dosimetry

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Recording Secretary, International NuclearTarget Development Society

Robert B. Schwartz

Member, Report Committee for report�Determination of Operational Dose-Equivalent Quantities for Neutrons,�International Commission on Radiation Unitsand Measurements (ICRU)

Alan K. Thompson

Member, ANSI N13-38, Standards forNeutron Personnel Protection Meters

Member, ISO Technical Committee 85,Subcommittee 2, Working Group 2(Reference Radiations)

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SPONSORED WORKSHOPS

A.K. Thompson was co-chair of the scientific committee to organize �Dosimetry forRadiation Hardness Testing: Sources, Detectors and Computational Methods,� aworkshop held as part of CIRMS 2000. The workshop took place at NIST inGaithersburg, MD on October 30, 2000.

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STAFFNEUTRON INTERACTIONS & DOSIMETRY GROUP

National Institute of Standards & Technology100 Bureau Drive, STOP 8461

Building 235, Room B183Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8461

Group LeaderD. M. Gilliam 975-6206 (david.gilliam@nist.gov)SecretaryC. R. Chin 975-6200 (cheryl.chin@nist.gov)

J. M. Adams 975-6205 (james.adams@nist.gov)M. Arif 975-6303 (muhammad.arif@nist.gov)A. D. Carlson 975-5570 (allan.carlson@nist.gov)N. Clarkson 975-4842 (nowell.clarkson@nist.gov)M. S. Dewey 975-4843 (maynard.dewey@nist.gov)T. R. Gentile 975-5431 (thomas.gentile@nist.gov)D. L. Jacobson 975-6207 (david.jacobson@nist.gov)P. R. Huffman 975-6465 (paul.huffman@nist.gov)J. S. Nico 975-4663 (jeffrey.nico@nist.gov)D. R. Rich 975-6222 (drich@indiana.edu)A. K. Thompson 975-4666 (alan.thompson@nist.gov)

Long-term, full-time Guest ResearchersS. N. Dzhosyuk 975-5641G. L. Hansen 975-8194C.E. Mattoni 975-4792D. N. McKinsey 975-8354K. P. Schoen 975-8355F. E. Wietfeldt 975-4398

Guest Researchers Facility Users ContractorsB. AllmanK.J. AlvineR.E. AndermanS. N. BalashovP.W. BradfordC. R. BromeJ. S.ButterworthD.J. CucciaS. Z.ChowdhuriS. J. FreedmanB. K. FujikawaJ. M. GabrielseR. Golub

P.F. GruberJ. A. Grundl

D.G. HaaseK. HabichtE. V. HaywardA. I. IoffeG. L. JonesC. D. KeithS. K. LamoreauxJ.R. LeachY.A. MostovoiD.F. RatnerK. ReintzW. M. SnowO. A. WassonS. A. WernerL. Yang

E. G. AdelbergerH. BergerJ. M. DoyleA. GarciaH. J. GerstenbergG. L. GreeneB. R. HeckelA. LacroixG. K. RielR. G. RobertsonM. G. StankaT. D. SteigerJ. F. Wilkerson

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C. M. EisenhauerR. A. SchrackR. B. Schwartz

CURRICULUM VITAE

ADAMS, JAMES M., b Brookline, MA,December 5, 1957; PHYSICS, NuclearEngineering, BA, Holy Cross 79; MS, PennState University 90; Ph.D., Penn StateUniversity, 1995; NIST, 96-present,Commissioned Officer, USN, 1979-1984;Senior Engineer, Westinghouse ElectricCorp., 1985-1988; Research Fellow,University of Michigan and GuestResearcher, NIST, 1995-1996; AmericanPhysical Society, American Nuclear Society,American Society for Testing & Materials.Res: Neutron dosimetry, neutron physics,hyperfine interactions.

ARIF, MUHAMMAD, b Madaripur,Bangladesh, January 24, 1954; PHYSICS,BS, Dacca Univ., Bangladesh, 76; MS, OhioUniv., 80; Ph.D., Univ. of Missouri-Colum-bia, 86; Univ. of Missouri; PostdoctoralFellow, 86-88; Physicist, NIST, 88-present.Res: Neutron and X-ray scattering, singlecrystal diffraction studies, x-ray and neutroninterferometry.

CARLSON, ALLAN D., b Fargo, NorthDakota, June 19, 1939; PHYSICS, BA,Concordia College, 61; MS, Univ. ofWisconsin, 63; Ph.D., Univ. of Wisconsin,66; Research Associate, Argonne Nat'l.Laboratory, 61-62; Research Assistant, Univ.of Wisconsin, 61-66; Staff Associate,General Dynamics, 66-67; Staff Member,Gulf General Atomic, 67-70; Staff Scientist,Gulf Energy & Environmental Systems, 70-72; Nuclear Physicist, NIST, 72-present.APS, Standards Subcommittee of the CrossSection Evaluation Work Group (Chairman).Res: Experimental nuclear physics, neutronstandards reference data.

DEWEY, MAYNARD S., b Ann Arbor,MI, August 22, 1956; PHYSICS, BS, StateUniversity of New York at Stony Brook, 78;

Ph.D., Princeton University, 84; Research Associate, Princeton University, 86; NIST,86-present. Mem: American PhysicalSociety. Res: Neutron lifetime measurement,neutron fluence measurement, ultra-highresolution gamma-ray measurements.

EISENHAUER, CHARLES M., b NewYork, NY, February 6, 1930;MATHEMATICS, BS, Queens College(now CUNY), 51; Graduate studies inPHYSICS, Columbia University; GuestScientist, Brookhaven National Laboratory,55-57; NBS/NIST, 58-94; Contract Re-searcher, NIST 94-present. Fellow,American Nuclear Society; Consultant,President's Commission on Three MileIsland, 78-79; Member, CIRRPC, 84-94;Member, NCRP, 91-95. Res: Cold neutrons,lattice dynamics, gamma-ray, electron, andneutron transport, scattering calculations formaterials dosimetry, calibration of neutronpersonnel instruments.

GENTILE, THOMAS R., b Syosset, NY,July 27, 1957; PHYSICS, BS, StateUniversity of New York at Stony Brook, 79;Ph.D., Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology, 90; Research Fellow, CaliforniaInstitute of Technology, 90-92; NIST, 93-present. Member: American PhysicalSociety. Res: Neutron polarization based onpolarized 3He, neutron tomography.

GILLIAM, DAVID M., b Galveston, TX,May 18, 1942; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING, PHYSICS; BA, Rice Univ. 64; MS, Rice Univ., 66; Ph.D., U. Michigan, 73;NBS/NIST, Neutron Interactions andDosimetry Group, 73-present; NationalMeasurement Laboratory Analyst, 85;Associate Division Chief, 86-87; GroupLeader, 94-present; APS, ANS, ASTME10.05, ANSI E 13.3, Comité Consutatif

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pour des Rayonnements Ionisants, Section III, Mesures neutroniques. Res: Absoluteneutron reaction rate measurements.GRUNDL, JAMES A., b, Milwaukee, WI,March 15, 1929; PHYSICS, BS, MarquetteUniv., 51; MS, Univ. of Wisconsin, 52;Ph.D., Univ. of New Mexico, 63; StaffMember, Nuclear Propulsion and WeaponsDivisions at Los Alamos National Laborato-ry, 52-70; Group Leader, NeutronInteractions and Dosimetry Group, IonizingRadiation Division, NIST, 70-94, ContractResearcher, 94-present. Consultant: NationalAtomic Museum. Mem: ANS, ASTM. Res:Neutron measurement standardization,reactor physics, materials neutron dosimetry,public perception of nuclear energy radiationeffects.

HUFFMAN, PAUL R., b Winston-Salem,NC, June 6, 1968; PHYSICS, BS, NorthCarolina State University, 1990; MS, DukeUniversity, 1992; Ph.D., Duke University,1995; Postdoctoral Fellow, HarvardUniversity, 1995-1998; Physicist, NIST,98-present. Mem: American PhysicalSociety. Res: low-energy neutron weakinteractions, fundamental symmetries,neutron optics.

JACOBSON, DAVID L., b Kansas City,KS, May 21, 1968; PHYSICS, BA,Westminster College, 90; Ph.D., Universityof Missouri-Columbia, 96; PostdoctoralFellow, University of Missouri-Columbia,96; NIST, 96-present. Res: Neutron opticsand neutron interferometry.

NICO, JEFFREY S., b Lansing, MI, Sep-tember 12, 1961; PHYSICS, BS, MichiganState Univ., 1983; MS, U. of Michigan,1990; Ph.D., U. of Michigan, 1991;Postdoctoral Fellow, U. of Michigan, 1991and Los Alamos National Laboratory, 1991-1994; Physicist, NIST, 94-present. Res:Absolute neutron reaction ratemeasurements, weak interactions, neutrondosimetry.

RICH, DENNIS R., b Berwyn, IL, February11, 1971; PHYSICS, BS, University ofIllinois-Urbana, 1993; MS, Indiana

University, 1994; Ph.D., Indiana University,1999; Postdoctoral Fellow, IndianaUniversity/NIST, 99-present. Member:American Physical Society. Res: 3Hepolarization, neutron polarization, lowenergy weak interactions.

SCHRACK, ROALD A., b Ft. Meade, FL,August 26, 1926; PHYSICS, BS, Univ. ofCalif. at Los Angeles, 49; MS, Univ. ofCalif. at Los Angeles, 50; Ph.D., Univ. ofMaryland, 61; Physicist, NIST, 49-present;APS, Institute of Electronic and ElectricalEngineers. Res: Neutron cross sectionmeasurement, computer analysis, electronicinstrumentation. SCHWARTZ, ROBERT B., b Brooklyn,NY September 2, 1929; NUCLEARPHYSICS, BS, Union College 51;Ph.D.,Yale University, 55; AssistantPhysicist, Brookhaven Nat'l Lab., 59-60;Research Physicist, Naval Research Lab., 60-62; Physicist, NBS, 62-74; Guest Scientist,AERE, Harwell, 74-75; Physicist, NIST, 75-present. Mem: Amer. Physical Soc., HealthPhysics Soc. Chairman, Reference NeutronRadiations Subgroup, ISO TC 85/SC 2/WG2. Res: Personnel dosimetry, neutroninstrument design, testing and calibration.

THOMPSON, ALAN K., b Austin, TX,April 9, 1964; PHYSICS, BA, Rice U., 86;Ph.D., Mass. Inst. Tech., 91; ResearchAssociate, Harvard U., 91-93; Physicist,NIST, 93-present, Member: AmericanPhysical Society. Res: 3He polarization,neutron polarization, tests of fundamentalsymmetries, structure of the neutron weakinteractions, neutron dosimetry.

WIETFELDT, FRED E., b Brooklyn, NY,January 21, 1963; PHYSICS, BS,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 84;Ph.D., University of California at Berkeley,94; U.S. Naval Officer, nuclear engineering,84-89; Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory,Research Assistant 91-94, PostdoctoralFellow 94; NRC Postdoctoral Associate,NIST, 95-96, NIST, 97-present. Res:Fundamental interactions and symmetries innuclear physics, nuclear astrophysics.

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