b tech integrated mtech ece 2012 proposed
TRANSCRIPT
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
Kengeri Campus, Kanminike, Kumbalagodu, Bangalore – 560074
B.TECH INTEGRATED M.TECH
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING, 2011
JANUARY 2012
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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ABOUT US:
INTRODUCTION
Christ University was formerly Christ College (Autonomous) affiliated to
Bangalore University. Established in July 1969, Christ College became the most
preferred educational institution in the city of Bangalore within the first three decades.
From 1990 onwards it scaled from heights to heights. By the introduction of innovative
and modern curriculum, insistence on academic discipline, imparting of Holistic
Education and with the help of the creative and dedicated staff, Christ College has been
continually rated among the top 10 educational institutions of the country. It has the rare
distinction to be the first institution in Karnataka to be accredited by National Assessment
and Accreditation Council (NAAC) UGC for quality education. On 7 October 2004,
UGC has conferred Autonomy to Christ College (No.F.13-1/2004).
On May 20, 2005, it became the first College in South India to be reaccredited with A+
by NAAC. UGC has identified it as an Institution with Potential for Excellence in June
2006.
July 22, 2008 is the most glorious day in the history of the institution. Under Section 3 of
the UGC Act, 1956, Ministry of Human Resources Development of the Union
Government of India, vide Notification No. F. 9-34/2007-U.3 (A), has declared it a
Deemed to be University, in the name and style of Christ University
VISION
"EXCELLENCE AND SERVICE"
Christ University, a premier educational institution, is an academic fraternity of
individuals dedicated to the motto of excellence and service. We strive to reach out
to the star of perfection through an earnest academic pursuit for excellence and our
efforts blossom into ‗service‘ through our creative and empathetic involvement in the
society to transform it.
Education prepares one to face the challenges of life by bringing out the best in
him/her. If this is well accepted, education should be relevant to the needs of the time
and address the problems of the day. Being inspired by Blessed Kuriakose Elias
Chavara, the founder of Carmelites of Mary Immaculate and the pioneer in
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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innovative education, Christ University was proactive to define and redefine its
mission and strategies reading the signs of the time.
MISSION STATEMENT
"Christ University is a nurturing ground for an individuals holistic development to make
effective contribution to the society in a dynamic environment."
CORE VALUES
The values which guide us at Christ University are:
Faith in God
Moral Uprightness
Love of Fellow Beings
Social Responsibility
Pursuit of Excellence
COURSE OFFERED
Undergraduate Programmes (B. Tech) (4 Years Program)
- Civil Engineering (CIVIL)
- Computer Science and Engineering (CSE)
- Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE)
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering (EEE)
- Information Technology (IT)
- Mechanical Engineering (MECH)
Int. BTech with MBA (5 Years Program)
- Int. BTech(CIVIL) with MBA (Finance/HR/Marketing/Lean Operations &
Systems)
- Int. BTech(CSE) with MBA (Finance/HR/Marketing/Lean Operations &
Systems)
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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- Int. BTech(ECE) with MBA (Finance/HR/Marketing/Lean Operations &
Systems)
- Int. BTech(EEE) with MBA (Finance/HR/Marketing/Lean Operations &
Systems)
- Int. BTech(IT) with MBA (Finance/HR/Marketing/Lean Operations &
Systems)
- Int. BTech(MECH) with MBA (Finance/HR/Marketing/Lean Operations
& Systems)
Int. BTech with M. Tech (5 Years Program)
- Int. BTech(Civil) with MTech (Structural Engineering)
- Int. BTech(CSE) with MTech (CSE)
- Int. BTech(ECE) with MTech (Communication Systems)
- Int. BTech(EEE) with MTech (Power Systems)
- Int. BTech(IT) with MTech (IT)
- Int. BTech(Mech) with MTech (Design Engineering)
Postgraduate Programmes (M. Tech) (2 Years Program)
- Master of Technology in Computer Science & Engineering
- Master of Technology in Communication Systems
- Master of Technology in Civil Engineering
- Master of Technology in Mechanical Engineering
Doctoral Programmes (Ph.D.) (Doctor of Philosophy)
- Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Computer Science and Engineering
- Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Electronics and Communication
Engineering
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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ELIGIBLITY CRITERIA
For Undergraduate Programmes and Int. B Tech with MBA & Int. B. Tech
with M. Tech:
A pass in PUC (10+2) or equivalent with 50% marks in aggregate with
Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry is the minimum eligibility for
admission and 50% of marks in Mathematics is mandatory.
Lateral Entry:
Candidates who have successfully completed 3 year diploma in
Engineering are eligible to apply for lateral entry into:
i) BTech Civil Engineering,
ii) BTech Mechanical Engineering,
iii) BTech Computer Science & Engineering,
iv) BTech Electronics & Communication Engineering.
Candidates will be admitted to second year of the programme only
after appearing the Christ University selection process for Engineering
programmes.
For Postgraduate Programmes:
o For Master of Technology in Computer Science & Engineering
A Pass Class in B.Tech/B.E or M.Sc with 55% aggregate.
o For Master of Technology in Communication Systems
A Pass Class in B.Tech/B.E or M.Sc in Electronics and VLSI
Design with 55% aggregate.
o For Master of Technology in Civil Engineering
A Pass Class in BE/BTech or M.Sc in Civil and VLSI Design with
55% aggregate.
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o For Master of Technology in Mechanical Engineering
A Pass Class in BE/BTech
For Doctoral Programmes (Ph.D.):
o For Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Computer Science and Engineering
A pass with 55% marks in post graduation and M.Phil in the relevant
subject from any recognized university.
A research proposal (Maximum 1500 words) has to be submitted along
with the application.
o For Master of Technology in Computer Science & Engineering
Post graduate Engineering / Technology OR equivalent degree in
appropriate discipline/specialization with a minimum of 55 % marks
or equivalent grade
SELECTION PROCESS
1) Candidates can process the admission based on the Undergraduate Entrance Test
and Ranking by COMEDK.
OR
2) Christ University Selection Process as given below:
Process Particulars Date Venue/Centre
Entrance Test Christ University
Entrance test for each
candidate
As per the E-
Admit Card
As per the E- Admit
Card
Personal
Interview
Personal interview for 15
minutes for each
candidate by an expert
panel
As per the E-
Admit Card
As per the E- Admit
Card
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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Academic
Performance
Assessment of past
performance in Class
10, Class 11/12 during
the Personal Interview
As per the E-
Admit Card
As per the E-
Admit Card
ADMISSION PROCESS
Candidates will be intimated about the Selection status (Selected/Wait Listed/Not
Selected) through the University Notice Board/on the ―Application Status‖ link on
University website. The Selection results will be declared within 24 hours of Personal
Interview session.
The selected candidates must process admission at Office of Admissions,
Central Block, Christ University within 3 working days of declaration of Selection
Process results/as per the stipulated date and time mentioned by Office of
Admissions.
Selected candidates should collect the Fee Challan from the Office of Admissions
and remit the Annual fee at the South Indian Bank, Christ University Branch. The Offer
of Admission will stand cancelled, if failing to remit the fee within the stipulated date
and time.
Admission will not be processed without the presence of the candidate and the
mandatory original documents mentioned below;
1. The Offer of Admission Card (E-Admission Card/Mail)
2. Class 10 Marks Statement
3. Class 11 Marks Statement, if Candidate is pursuing class 12 and appearing for
final examination during March-April 2012
4. Class 12 Marks Statement, if candidate has appeared and passed the Class 12
examination in or before June 2011
The University ID card is a smart card, which is both an ID card as well as a
South Indian Bank ATM card with a chip containing the student personal details. All
transactions within the University campus after commencement of classes, including fees
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payment will be processed only through this card. It is also an access card for Library and
other restricted places. Candidates are advised to collect the South Indian Bank account
opening form along with fees challan and process it at the Bank branch within the
University premises.
Candidates who fall under International student category (ISC), If selected, should
register with the Foreigner Regional Registration Officer (FRRO/FRO) of the Local
Police in Bangalore, India within 14 working days from the date of admission or arriving
in Bangalore.
All International student category (ISC) candidates if studied in India should obtain an
NOC from the previous qualifying institution.
GENERAL RULES
There is a grading scheme for each paper and for all the courses.
All marks will indicate the marks, percentage obtained, grade and grade point
average.
The grade point average will be calculated as follows: for each subject, multiply
the grade point with the number of credits; divide the sum of product by the total
number of credits.
The CGPA [Cumulative GPA] is calculated by adding the total number of earned
points [GP x Cr] for all semesters and dividing by the total number of credit hours
for all semesters.
GPA=
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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Grading scheme for Each Paper: Undergraduate Courses
Percentage Grade Grade
Point
Interpretation Class
80 and above A 4.0 Outstanding First Class with
Distinction
73-79 A- 3.67 Excellent
First Class 66-72 B+ 3.33 Very Good
60-65 B 3.0 Good
55-59 B- 2.67 Average Second Class
50-54 C+ 2.33 Satisfactory
45-49 C 2.00 Pass Pass Class
40-44 D 1.0 Pass
39 and below F 0 Fails Fail
Grading scheme for Each Paper: Postgraduate Courses
Percentage Grade Grade
Point
Interpretation Class
80 and above A+ 4.0 Excellent First Class with
Distinction 70-79 A 3.5 Very Good
65-69 B+ 3.0 Good First Class
60-64 B 2.5 Above Average
55-59 C+ 2.0 Average Second Class
50-54 C 1.5 Satisfactory
40-49 C- 1.0 Exempted if aggregate
is more than 50% Pass Class
39 and below F 0 Fails Fail
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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DETAILS OF CIA (Continuous Internal Assessment):
Assessment is based on the performance of the student throughout the semester.
Assessment of each paper
Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA) for Theory papers: 50% (50 marks out
of 100 marks)
End Semester Examination(ESE) : 50% (50 marks out of 100 marks)
Components of the CIA
CIA I : Mid Semester Examination (Theory) : 25 marks
CIA II : Assignments : 10 marks
CIA III : Quizzes/Seminar/Case Studies/Project Work : 10 marks
Attendance : 05 marks
Total : 50 marks
For subjects having practical as part of the subject
End semester practical examination : 25 marks
Records : 05 marks
Mid semester examination : 10 marks
Class work : 10 marks
Total : 50 marks
Mid semester practical examination will be conducted during regular practical
hour with prior intimation to all candidates. End semester practical examination will have
two examiners an internal and external examiner.
BRIEF OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY CYCLE:
B. Tech first year is followed by two semesters and each semester is divided into
two Cycles i.e. Physics Cycle and Chemistry Cycle.
Accordingly, All First year students are also divided among both Physics Cycle
and Chemistry Cycle.
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The students in Physics Cycle will be moved to Chemistry Cycle and the
Chemistry Cycle students will be moved to Physics Cycle respectively in next
Semester (i.e. Second semester).
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COURSE STRUCTURE
B. TECH - FIRST YEAR
I SEMESTER
CHEMISTRY CYCLE
S. No. Course No. Course Name Marks Credit
1 MA 131 Mathematics – I 100 4
2 CH 132 Engineering Chemistry 100 4
3 EC 133 Basic Electronics 100 4
4 CS 134 Computer Concepts & C Programming 100 4
5 ME 135 Elements of Mechanical Engineering 100 4
6 HE 171 Holistic Education-I 50 1
7 ME 151 Workshop Practice 50 2
8 CS 152 Computer Programming Lab 50 2
9 CH 153 Engineering Chemistry Lab 50 2
I SEMESTER
PHYSICS CYCLE
S. No. Course Code Course Name Marks Credits
1 MA 131 Mathematics – I 100 4
2 PH 132 Engineering Physics 100 4
3 EE 133 Basic Electrical Engineering 100 4
4 CV 134 Engineering Mechanics 100 4
5 EG 135 Engineering Graphics 100 4
6 PD 136 Professional Development-I 100 4
7 HE 171 Holistic Education-I 1
8 PH 151 Engineering Physics Lab 50 2
9 EE 152 Basic Electrical Engineering Lab 50 2
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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II SEMESTER
CHEMISTRY CYCLE
S. No. Course Code Course Name Marks Credits
1 MA 231 Mathematics – II 100 4
2 CH 232 Engineering Chemistry 100 4
3 EC 233 Basic Electronics 100 4
4 CS 234 Computer Concepts & C Programming 100 4
5 ME 235 Elements of Mechanical Engineering 100 4
6 HE 271 Holistic Education-II 1
7 ME 251 Workshop Practice 50 2
8 CS 252 Computer Programming Lab 50 2
9 CH 253 Engineering Chemistry Lab 50 2
II SEMESTER
PHYSICS CYCLE
S. No. Course Code Course Name Marks Credits
1 MA 231 Mathematics – II 100 4
2 PH 232 Engineering Physics 100 4
3 EE 233 Basic Electrical Engineering 100 4
4 CV 234 Engineering Mechanics 100 4
5 EG 235 Engineering Graphics 100 4
6 PD 236 Professional Development-I 100 4
7 HE 271 Holistic Education-II 1
8 PH 251 Engineering Physics Lab 50 2
9 EE 252 Basic Electrical Engineering Lab 50 2
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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DETAILED SYLLABUS:
MA 131 MATHEMATICS - I 3 1 0 100
(Common for all branches)
PAPER DESCRIPTION:
This paper contains five Units which are Matrix Theory, Differential and Integral
Calculus, Differential Equation and Vector Calculus. This paper aims at enabling the
students to know various concepts and principles of calculus. Successive differentiation
to any order, calculus of functions of several variables, application of calculus to find
area, volume etc and drawing complicated curves, classification of different type of
differential equation with an introduction to vector calculus are covered in this paper.
PAPER OBJECTIVES:
This course is addressed to those who intend to apply the subject at the proper
place and time, while keeping him/her aware to the needs of the society where he/she can
lend his/her expert service, and also to those who can be useful to the commUNITy
without even going through the formal process of drilling through rigorous treatment of
mathematics.
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE: Basic
UNIT –I: Matrix Theory 12
Hours
Basic concepts of matrix, matrix addition, scalar multiplication, matrix
multiplication; Inverse of a matrix; Determinants; Systems of linear equations,
Eigenvalues, eigenvectors, and applications, Cayley – Hamilton Theorem; Symmetric,
skew-symmetric, and orthogonal matrices, Hermitian, skew-Hermitian and UNITary
matrices; Properties of eigenvalues, diagonalization
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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UNIT - II: Differential Calculus - I 10
Hours
Nth
order derivative of standard functions. Leibnitz‘s theorem (without proof) and
Problems. Partial Derivatives, Euler‘s Theorem. Total differentiation. Differentiation of
Composite and implicit functions. Jacobians and their properties.
UNIT - III: Integral Calculus – I 14
Hours
Reduction formulae for the integration of sinn x , cosn x , tann x , cotn x ,secn x ,
cos nec x and sin cosmx nx and evaluation of these integrals with standard limits -
Problems. Tracing of standard curves in Cartesian, Parametric and Polar form. Derivative
of arc length, Applications of integration to find surfaces of revolution and volumes of
solids of revolution.
UNIT – IV: Differential Equation - I 10
Hours
Solution of first order and first degree differential equations: homogeneous,
linear, Bernoulli and exact equations, Newton‘s law of cooling, Growth and Decay
Problems.
UNIT –V: Vector Calculus - I 14
Hours
Vector differentiation. Velocity, Acceleration of a particle moving on a space
curve. Vector point function. Gradient, Divergence, Curl, Laplacian. Solenoidal and
Irrotational vectors - Problems.
TEXT BOOK
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1. Dr. B. S. Grewal, ―Higher Engineering Mathematics‖, 39th
Edition, Khanna
Publishers, July 2005.
2. K. A. Stroud, ―Engineering Mathematics‖, 6th
Edition, Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Erwin Kreyszig, ―Advanced Engineering Mathematics‖, 8th
Edition, John Wiley
& Sons, Inc, 2005
2. Peter V. O‘Neil, ―Advanced Engineering Mathematics‖, Thomson Publication,
Canada, 2007
3. B. V. Ramana, ―Higher Engineering Mathematics‖, Tata McGraw – Hill, 2009.
4. Michael Artin, ―Algebra‖, 2nd
Edition, Prentice Hall of India Private Limited,
New Delhi, 2002
5. Kenneth Hoffman and Ray Kunze, ―Linear Algebra‖, 2nd
Edition, Prentice Hall of
India Private Limited, New Delhi, 2002
6. George F. Simmons and Steven G. Krantz, ―Differential Equation, Theory,
Technique and Practice‖, Tata McGraw – Hill, 2006.
7. M. D. Raisinghania, ―Ordinary and Partial Differential Equation‖, Chand (S.) &
Co. Ltd., India, March 17, 2005.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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CH 132 / CH 232 ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY 3 1 0 100
(Common for all branches)
PAPER DESCRIPTION:
This paper contains eight UNITs which are Chemical Energy Sources, Solar
Energy, Electrochemical Energy Systems, Conversion and Storage of Electrochemical
Energy Systems, Corrosion of Science and Control. Metal finishing and Electroless
plating, Liquid Crystals and their Applications, High polymers and Water Technology
This paper aims at enabling the students to know various energy sources. Corrosion and
its control metal finishing and method of plating, crystals and their applications, types of
polymers and water technology covered in this paper.
PAPER OBJECTIVES:
1. To familiarise the students on application oriented themes like the chemistry of
materials used in engineering discipline
2. To focus the students on the chemistry of compounds resulting from pollution,
waste generation and environmental degradation and to apply the knowledge in
solving these current environmental problems effectively.
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE: Basic
UNIT – I: CHEMICAL ENERGY SOURCES 9
Hours
Introduction to enrgy; Fuels - definition, classification, importance of
hydrocarbons as fuels; Calorific value-definition, Gross and Net calorific values (SI
UNITs). Determination of calorific value of a solid / liquid fuel using Bomb calorimeter.
Petroleum cracking-fluidised catalytic cracking. Reformation of petrol. Knocking -
mechanism, octane number, cetane number, prevention of knocking, anti-knocking
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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agents, unleaded petrol; synthetic petrol – Bergius process and Fischer Tropsch process;
power alcohol. Solar Energy : Photovoltaic cells- Introduction, definition, importance,
working of a PV cell; solar grade silicon, physical and chemical properties of silicon
relevant to photovoltaics, production of solar grade (crystalline) silicon and doping of
silicon.
UNIT – II: ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY SYSTEMS (ELECTRODE
POTENTIAL AND CELLS) 7
Hours
Single electrode potential-definition, origin, sign conventions. Derivation of
Nernst equation. Standard electrode potential l-definition. Construction of Galvanic cell–
classification - primary, secondary and concentration cells, EMF of a cell–definition,
notation and conventions. Reference electrodes–calomel electrode, Ag/AgCl electrode.
Measurement of single electrode potential. Numerical problems on electrode potential
and EMF. Ion-selective electrode- glass electrode, determination of pH using glass
electrode
CONVERSION AND STORAGE OF ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY 7
Hours
BATTERY TECHNOLOGY - Batteries-Basic concepts, battery characteristics.
Classification of batteries–primary, secondary and reserve batteries. Classical Batteries–
Construction working and applications of Zn–air, Nickel-Metal hydride and Lithium-
MnO2 batteries, Fuel Cells - Introduction, types of fuel cells-Alkaline, Phosphoric acid
and Molten carbonate fuel cells. Solid polymer electrolyte and solid oxide fuel cells.
Construction and working of H2O2and Methanol-Oxygen fuel cell
UNIT – III:
CORROSION SCIENCE 7
Hours
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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Corrosion - definition, Chemical corrosion and Electro-chemical theory of
corrosion, Types of corrosion, Differential metal corrosion, Differential aeration
corrosion (pitting and water line corrosion), Stress corrosion. Factors affecting the rate of
corrosion, Corrosion control: Inorganic coatings – Anodizing and Phosphating, Metal
coatings –Galvanization and Tinning, Corrosion Inhibitors, Cathodic and Anodic
protection
METAL FINISHING 7
Hours
Technological importance of metal finishing. Significance of polarization,
decomposition potential and over-voltage in electroplating processes. Electroplating –
Process, Effect of plating variables on the nature of electro deposit, surface preparation
and electroplating of Cr and Au. Electroless Plating, Distinction between electroplating
and electroless plating, advantages of electroless plating. Electroless plating of copper on
PCB and Nickel
UNIT – IV : LIQUID CRYSTALS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS: 7
Hours
Introduction, classification-Thermotropic and Lyotropic with examples. Types of
mesophases- nematic, chiral nematic (cholesteric), smectic and columnar. Homologues
series (PAA and MBBA); Applications of liquid crystals in display systems
HIGH POLYMERS: 7
Hours Definition, Classification - Natural and synthetic with examples.
Polymerization – definition, types of polymerization – Addition and Condensation with
examples. Mechanism of polymerization - free radical mechanism (ethylene as an
example), Methods of polymerization - bulk, solution, suspension and emulsion
polymerization. Glass transition temperature, structure and property relationship.
Compounding of resins. Synthesis, properties and applications of Teflon. PMMA,
Polyurethane and Phenol – formaldehyde resin. Elastomers - Deficiencies of natural
rubber and advantages of synthetic rubber. Synthesis and application of Neoprene, Butyl
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rubber. Adhesives- Manufacture and applications of Epoxy resins. Conducting polymers -
definition, mechanism of conduction in polyacetylene. Structure and applications of
conducting Polyaniline
UNIT – V: WATER TECHNOLOGY: 7
Hours
Impurities in water, Water analysis - Determination of different constituents in
water - Hardness, Alkalinity, Chloride, Fluoride, Nitrate, Sulphate and Dissolved
Oxygen. Numerical problems on hardness and alkalinity. Biochemical Oxygen Demand
and Chemical Oxygen Demand. Numerical problems on BOD and COD. Sewage
treatment. Potable water, purification of water - Flash evaporation, Electro dialysis and
Reverse Osmosis. Hazardous chemicals with ill effects
INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS: 2
Hours
Theory, Instrumentation and Applications of Colorimetry, Potentiometry,
Conductometry
TEXT BOOKS
1. Dr. B.S. Jai Prakash, ―Chemistry for Engineering Students‖, Subhas Stores,
Bangalore, Revised Edition 2009
2. M. M. Uppal, “Engineering Chemistry”, Khanna Publishers, Sixth Edition, 2001
3. Jain and Jain, “A text Book of Engineering Chemistry”, S. Chand & Company
Ltd. New Delhi, 2009
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Alkins P.W. ―physical chemistry‖ ELBS IV edition 1998, London
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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2. F. W. Billmeyer, “Text Book of Polymer Science”, John Wiley & Sons, 1994
3. G. W. Gray and P. A. Winsor, “Liquid crystals and plastic crystals”, Vol - I, Ellis
Horwood series in Physical Chemistry, New York. (P. No. 106-142)
4. M. G. Fontana, “Corrosion Engineering”, Tata Mc Graw Hill Publications 1994.
5. Stanley E. Manahan, “Environmental Chemistry”, Lewis Publishers, 2000
6. B. R. Puri, L. R. Sharma & M. S. Pathania, ”Principles of Physical Chemistry”,
S. Nagin Chand & Co., 33rd
Ed.,1992
7. Kuriakose J.C. and Rajaram J. ― Chemistry in Engineering and Technology‖ Vol I
& II, Tata Mc Graw – Hill Publications Co Ltd, NewDelhi, 1996.
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EC 133 / EC 233 BASIC ELECTRONICS 3 1 0 100
(Common for all branches)
PAPER DESCRIPTION:
The course aims to develop the skills of the students in the areas of electronics by
learning fundamentals. This will be necessary for their effective studies in a large number
of engineering subjects like Electronics circuits and devices, Digital Electronics,
communication systems. The course will also serve as a prerequisite for post graduate
and specialized studies and research.
PAPER OBJECTIVES:
To impart basic knowledge about electronic and digital systems
To give basic ideas about various communication systems
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE: Basic
UNIT – I: INTRODUCTION TO SEMICONDUCTORS AND BASIC DIODE
THEORY 9 + 3
Conductors, semiconductors and insulators, Intrinsic and Extrinsic
semiconductors, Flow of charge carriers in a semiconductor, energy levels and barrier
potential, PN junction as a diode, Unbiased diode, forward bias diode, reverse bias, VI
characteristics of a diode, Variation of diode parameters with temperature. Ideal diodes,
diode approximations, resistance of a diode, Load lines, comparison between Silicon and
Germanium
UNIT – II: SEMICONDUCTOR DIODE APPLICATIONS 9 + 3
Half-wave rectifier, ripple factor and efficiency, Full-wave and bridge rectifier,
ripple factor and efficiency, Peak inverse voltage, working of capacitor input filter,
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Approximate analysis of capacitor filter, Zener diode characteristics, Zener and
Avalanche breakdown, Zener diode voltage regulator, power supply performance
UNIT – III : BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS 9 + 3
Bipolar junction transistor, transistor voltages and currents, Unbiased transistor,
Biased transistor, Transistor configurations- CB, CE, CC, DC load line Base Bias,
Collector to Base Bias, Voltage divider Bias, Comparison of basic bias circuits, Bias
circuit design, Comparison of basic bias circuits, Single stage CE amplifier, Decibel
voltage gain, power gain, Half Power points
UNIT – IV: INTRODUCTION TO OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS &
OSCILLATORS 9 + 3
Block diagram, Op-amp transfer characteristics, Basic Op-amp parameters and its value
for IC 741- offset voltage and current, input and output impedance, Gain, slew rate,
bandwidth, CMRR, Concept of negative feedback, Inverting and Non-inverting
amplifiers, Summing Amplifier, Subtractor, integration, differentiation, Voltage follower,
the Barkhausen Criterion for Oscillations, BJT RC phase shift oscillator, Hartley Colpitts
and crystal oscillator, Numerical problems as applicable.
UNIT – V: DIGITAL ELECTRONICS 9 + 3
Introduction, decimal system, Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal number systems,
addition and subtraction, fractional number, Binary Coded Decimal numbers. Boolean
algebra, Logic gates, Half-adder, Full-adder, Parallel Binary adder.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Albert Malvino, David. J. Bates, “Electronic Principles”, 7th
Edition, Tata McGraw
Hill, 2007
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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2. David. A. Bell, “Electronic Devices and Circuits”, PHI, New Delhi, 2004
3. Albert Paul Malvino, Donald P Leach, Goutamsaha, “Digital Principles and
applications”, 6th
Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2007.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Jacob Millman, Christos C. Halkias “Electronic Devices and Circuits”, TMH, 1991
Reprint 2001
2. George Kennedy, “Electronic Communication Systems”, 4th
Edition, TMH
3. Morris Mano, “Digital Logic and Computer Design”, PHI, EEE
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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CS 134 / CS 234 COMPUTER CONCEPTS AND C PROGRAMMING 3 1 0 100
(Common for all branches)
PAPER DESCRIPTION:
This paper contains eight Units which are Introduction to Computers, Input and
Output devices, Processing data, Software, Algorithms and Flow charts, Numeric
constants and variables, Operations in C, Loop Control Structures and Functions, This
paper aims at enabling the students to know fundamentals of Computer Concepts and C
programming.
PAPER OBJECTIVES:
To impart the basic concepts of Computer and Information Technology
To develop skill in problem solving concepts through learning C programming
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE: Basic
UNIT – I: 12 Hours
Algorithms and Flowcharts
Algorithms, Flowcharts, Divide and conquer strategy. Writing algorithms and
drawing flowcharts for simple exercises – Swapping contents of 2 variables, Largest of
given three numbers, Solving a given quadratic equation, Factorial of a given integer
Constants, Variables, and Data types
Characters set, C tokens, Keywords and Identifiers, Constants, Variables, Data
types, Declaration of variables.
Operators and Expressions
Arithmetic operators, Relational operators, Logical operators, Assignment
operators, Increment and Decrement operators, Conditional operator, Bitwise operators,
Special operators, Arithmetic expressions, Evaluation of expressions, Precedence of
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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Arithmetic operators, Type conversions in expressions, Operator precedence and
associatively.
UNIT – II: 12 Hours
Managing Input and Output Operations
Reading a character, Writing a character, Formatted Input, Formatted Output
Decision making and Branching
Decision making with if statement, Simple if statement, The if…else statement,
Nesting of if…else statements, The else … if ladder, The switch statement, The ?:
operator, The Goto statement
Looping
The while statement, The do statement, The for statement, Jumps in Loops
UNIT – III: 10 Hours
Arrays
One-dimensional Arrays, Declaration of one-dimensional Arrays, Initialization of
one-dimensional Arrays, Two-dimensional Arrays, Initializing two-dimensional Arrays
UNIT – IV: 13 Hours
User-defined Functions
Need for User-defined Functions, A multi-function Program, Elements of user -
defined Functions, Definition of Functions, Return Values and their types, Function
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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Calls, Function Declaration, Category of Functions, No Arguments and no Return
Values, Arguments but no Return Values, Arguments with Return Values, No Argument
but Returns a Value, Functions that Return Multiple Values
UNIT – V:
Strings, Structure, Union, Files 13 Hours
Strings: String concepts, C strings, String I/O functions, Array of strings, String
manipulation function, Memory formatting, Derived types-Enumerated, Structure, and
Union: The type definition, Enumerated types, Structure, Accessing structures, Complex
structures, Array of structures, Structures and functions, Union , Files: Classification of
Files, Standard Library Functions for Files
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Yashvant Kanetkar, ―Let Us C‖, BPB Publications - 8th
Edition, 2008
2. D. Ravichandran, ―Programming in C‖, Newage International Publishers - 2006
REFERENCE BOOKS:
(i) Introduction to Computer Science, ITL Education Solutions Ltd., Pearson
Education, 2006
(ii) E. Balagurusamy, ―Programming in ANSI C‖, Tata McGraw Hill – III Edition.
(iii)V. Rajaraman, ―Fundamentals of Computers‖, 4th
Edition, PHI 2005.
(iv) M. G. V. Murthy, ―Programming Techniques through C‖, Pearson Education,
2007.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 68
ME 135 / ME 235 ELEMENTS OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 3 1 0 100
(Common for all branches)
PAPER DESCRIPTION:
Mechanical Engineering basically deals with three basic concepts Design
engineering, Thermal engineering & Manufacturing engineering, this subject ELEMENTS
OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING gives the basic insight of theoretically knowledge of
these aspects.
PAPER OBJECTIVES:
To familiarize with
(v) The Source of Energy and Power Generation.
(vi) The various metal processing and metal working.
(vii) The Basic theory of machine tools.
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE: Basic
UNIT – I: 9 Hours
Energy and Steam Forms: Sources and Classification of energy, Utilization of energy with
simple block diagrams, Steam formation. Types of steam, Steam properties – Specific
Volume, Enthalpy and Internal energy. (simple numerical problems) Steam boilers
classification, Lancashire boiler, Babcock and Wilcox boiler mountings, accessories, their
locations and application. (No sketches for mountings and accessories).
UNIT-II 16 Hours
TURBINES: Steam turbines–Classification, Principle of operation of Impulse and
reaction. Delaval‘s turbine, Parson‘s turbine. Compounding of Impulse turbines. Gas
turbines – Classification, Working principles and Operations of Open cycle and Closed
cycle gas turbines. Water turbines –Classification, Principles and operations of Pelton
wheel, Francis turbine and Kaplan turbine
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES:
Classification, I.C. Engines parts, 2/4 – Stroke Petrol and 4-stroke diesel engines.
P-V diagrams of Otto and Diesel cycles. Simple problems on indicated power, brake
power, indicated thermal efficiency, brake thermal efficiency, mechanical efficiency and
specific fuel consumption.
UNIT – III: 9 Hours
REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING: Refrigerants, properties of
refrigerants, list of commonly used refrigerants. Refrigeration - Definitions -
Refrigerating effect, Ton of Refrigeration, Ice making capacity, COP, Relative COP,
UNIT of Refrigeration. Principle and working of vapor compression refrigeration and
vapor absorption refrigeration. Principles and applications of air conditioners, Room air
conditioner
UNIT – IV: 16 Hours
LATHE AND DRILLING: Machines Lathe - Principle of working of a Centre Lathe.
Parts of a lathe. Operations on lathe - Turning, Facing, Knurling, Thread Cutting,
Drilling, Taper Turning by Tailstock offset method and Compound slide swiveling
method. Specification of Lathe.
Drilling Machine – Principle of working and classification of Drilling Machines. Bench
Drilling Machine, Radial Drilling Machine. Operations on Drilling Machine - Drilling,
Boring, Reaming, Tapping, Counter Sinking, Counter Boring and Spot facing.
Specification of radial drilling machine.
MILLING AND GRINDING MACHINES: Milling Machine – Principle of Milling,
Types of Milling Machines. Principle & Working of Horizontal and Vertical Milling
Machines. Milling Processes - Plane Milling, End Milling, Slot Milling, Angular Milling,
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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Form Milling, Straddle Milling and Gang Milling. Specification of Universal Milling
Machine.
Grinding Machine – Principle and classification of Grinding Machines. Abrasives -
Definition, types and Applications. Bonding Materials. Type of Grinding Machines,
Principle and Working of Surface Grinding, Cylindrical Grinding and Centerless
Grinding.
UNIT – V: 10 Hours
JOINING PROCESSES, LUBRICATION AND BEARINGS: Soldering, Brazing and
Welding, Definitions. Classification and method of Soldering, Brazing and Welding and
Differences. Brief Description of Arc Welding and Oxy - Acetylene Welding Lubrication
and Bearings Lubricants - Classification and properties. Screw cap, Tell - Tale, Drop
feed, Wick feed and Needle Lubricators. Ring, Splash and Full pressure lubrication.
Classification of Bearings, Bushed bearing, Pedestal bearing, Pivot bearing, Collar
Bearings and Antifriction Bearings.
POWER TRANSMISSION: Belt Drives - Classification and applications, Derivations
on Length of belt. Definitions - Velocity ratio, Creep and slip, Idler pulley, stepped pulley
and fast & loose pulley. Gears - Definitions, Terminology, types and uses. Gear Drives
and Gear Trains – Definitions and classifications, Simple problems.
TEXT BOOKS:
(viii) K.R. Gopalkrishna, “A text Book of Elements of Mechanical
Engineering”, Subhash Publishers,
Bangalore.
(ix) S. Trymbaka Murthy, “A Text Book of Elements of Mechanical
Engineering”, 3rd
revised edition,
I .K. International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 2010.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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(x) Dr. R. P. Reddy, N. Kapilan, ―Elements of Mechanical Engineering‖, 1st
Edition, Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
(xi) SKH Chowdhary, AKH Chowdhary, Nirjhar Roy, “The Elements of
Workshop Technology”,
Vol. I & II, Media Promotors and Publishers, Mumbai
(xii) Ghosh Mallik, ―Manufacturing Technology‖, TMH. HMT,
Production Technology, TMH
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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ME 151 WORKSHOP PRACTICE 0 0 3 50
(Common for all branches)
PAPER DESCRIPTION:
This paper provides working knowledge of fitting welding, sheet metal and carpentary.
PAPER OBJECTIVES:
To provide the students with the hands on experience on different trades of
engineering like fitting, welding, carpentary & sheet metal.
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE: Working
1. Fitting
a) Study of fitting tools
b) Study of fitting operations & joints
c) Minimum 5 models involving rectangular, triangular, semi circular and dovetail
joints.
2. Welding
d) Study of electric arc welding tools & equipments
e) Minimum 4 Models - electric arc welding - Butt joint, Lap joint, T joint & L joint.
3. Study and demonstration of Carpentry tools, joints and operations.
4. Study and demonstration of Sheet metal and soldering work.
SCHEME OF EXAMINATION:
3. Sheetmetal.
a) Study of sheet metal tools.
b) Study of sheet metal operation and joints.
c) Minimum 2 models.
4. Carpentary.
a) Study of carpentary tools
b) Demonstration of carpentary practice.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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TEXT BOOK:
1. S. K. H. Choudhury, A. K. H. Choudhury, Nirjhar Roy, “The Elements of Workshop
Technology”, Vol 1 & 2, Media Publishers, Mumbai
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LABORATORY- CS 152 / CS 252
(Common for all branches)
PAPER DESCRIPTION:
Paper contains the programs which include Operations in C, Loop Control
Structures, Function sand file handling methods. This paper aims at enabling the students
to know fundamentals of computer concepts and C programming.
PAPER OBJECTIVES:
To impart the basic concepts of computer and information technology
To develop skill in problem solving concepts through learning C programming in
practical approach.
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE: Basic/working
PART- A
1. Write a C program to find and output all the roots of a given quadratic equation,
for non-zero coefficients. (Using if…else statement)
2. Write a C program to simulate a simple calculator that performs arithmetic
operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division only on integers.
Error message should be reported, if any attempt is made to divide by zero.
(Using switch statement)
3. Write a C program to generate and print first ‗N‘ Fibonacci numbers. (Using
looping constructs)
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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4. Write a C program to find the GCD and LCM of two integers and output the
results along with the given integers. Use Euclid‘s algorithm. (Using looping
constructs)
5. Write a C program to reverse a given four digit integer number and check whether
it is a palindrome or not. Output the given number with suitable message. (Using
looping constructs)
6. Write a C program to find whether a given number is prime or not. Output the
given number with suitable message. (Using looping constructs)
PART - B
7. Write a C program to input N real numbers in into a single dimension array.
Conduct linear search for a given key integer number and report success or failure
in the form of a suitable message.
8. Write a C program to input N integer numbers into a single dimension array. Sort
them in ascending order using bubble sort technique. Print both the given array
and the sorted array with suitable headings.
9. Write a C program to evaluate the given polynomial f(x) = a4x4 +a3x
3 + a2x
2 +
a1x1 + a0 for given value of x and the coefficients using Horner‘s method. (Using
single dimension arrays to store coefficients)
10. Write a C program to input N real numbers in ascending order into a single
dimension array. Conduct a binary search for a given key integer number and
report success or failure in the form of a suitable message.
11. Write a C program to input N integer numbers into a single dimension array. Sort
them in ascending order using bubble sort technique. Print both the given array
and the sorted array with suitable headings.
12. Write C user defined functions
(i) To input N real numbers into a single dimension array.
(ii) Compute their mean.
(iii) Compute their variance
(iv) Compute their standard deviation.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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Using these functions, write a C program to input N real numbers into a single
dimension array, and compute their mean, variance & standard deviation. Output
the computed results with suitable headings.
13. Write C user defined functions
(i) To read the elements of a given matrix of size M x N.
(ii) To print the elements of a given matrix of size M x N.
(iii) To compute the product of two matrices.
Using these functions, write a C program to read two matrices A(M x N) and B(P
x Q) and compute the product of A and B after checking compatibility for
multiplication. Output the input matrices and the resultant matrix with suitable
headings and format (Using two dimension arrays)
14. Write a C program to read a matrix A(M x N) and to find the following using user
defined functions:
(i) Sum of the elements of the specified row.
(ii) Sum of the elements of the specified column.
(iii) Sum of all the elements of the matrix.
Output the computed results with suitable headings.
3. Write a C Program to create a sequential file with at least 5records, each record
having USN, name, mark1, mark2, mark3. Write necessary functions
a. To display all the records in the file.
b. To search for a specific record based on the USN. In case the record is not
found, suitable message should be displayed. Both the options in this case must
be demonstrated.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 76
CH 153 / CH 253 ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY LABORATORY 0 0 3 50
(Common for all branches)
PAPER DESCRIPTION:
This paper contains eleven experiments and aims at enabling the students to
Practical Engineering Chemistry.
PAPER OBJECTIVES:
To equip the students with the working knowledge of chemical principles, nature
and transformation of materials and their applications.
To develop analytical capabilities of students so that they can understand the role
of chemistry in the field of Engineering and Environmental Sciences
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE: Basic/working
(For Examination, one experiment from Part-A and Part-B shall be set. Different
experiments may be set from Part-A and common experiment from Part-B).
PART-A
1. Determination of viscosity coefficient of a given liquid using Ostwald‘s viscometer.
2. Estimation of copper by colorimetric method using spectrophotometer.
3. Conductometric estimation of strength of an acid using standard NaOH solution
4. Determination of pKa value of a weak acid using pH meter.
5. Potentiometric estimation of FAS using standard K2Cr2O7 solution.
PART-B
1. Determination of Total Hardness of a sample of water using disodium salt of EDTA.
2. Determination of Calcium Oxide (CaO) in the given sample of cement by Rapid
EDTA method.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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3. Determination of percentage of Copper in brass using standard sodium thiosulphate
solution.
4. Determination of Iron in the given sample of Haematite ore solution using potassium
dichromate crystals by
external indication method.
5. Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of the given industrial waste
Water sample. (for demonstration)
6. Determination of Dissolved Oxygen in the given water sample by Winkler method.
(for demonstration)
Examination – First experiment is a common experiment from Part B. Second
experiment is different, from Part A or Part B.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. J. Bassett, R.C. Denny, G.H. Jeffery, “Vogels text book of quantitative inorganic
analysis”,4th
Edition
2. SUNITa and Ratan “Practical Engineering Chemistry”
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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HE 171 / HE 271 HOLISTIC EDUCATION 0 0 1 50
(Common for all branches)
PAPER DESCRIPTION:
This paper contains three Units which are Introduction to Life skills, Personal
skills, Inter-personal Skills and Societal Skills. This paper aims at enabling the students
to various skills in life.
PAPER OBJECTIVE:
Holistic development of the individual adult in every student
Knowing life and its principles
Broadening the outlook to life
Training to face the challenges of life
Confidence creation and personality development
Emotional control and stress management
Creating awareness on duties, rights and obligations as member of the Society
Realizing Personal Freedom-its limits and limitations
Developing the attitude to be a contributor and giver
Realizing the real happiness in life
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE: Basic
1. INTRODUCTION TO LIFE SKILLS (I Semester) 4
Hours
2. PERSONAL SKILLS
Creative thinking and Problem solving (I Semester)
Critical thinking and Decision making(I Semester)
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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Study skills and Time management(II Semester)
Health (II Semester)
3. INTER-PERSONAL SKILLS 4
Hours
Non verbal Communication(I Semester)
Empathy and active listening(I Semester)
Assertiveness Training (II Semester)
Conflict Management(II Semester)
4. SOCIETAL SKILLS 4
Hours
Human Rights(I Semester)
Civil Society and Civic sense(I Semester)
Equality and Justice(II Semester)
Gender Sensation(II Semester)
TEXT BOOK: Holistic Education by Christ College publication, Bangalore-560029
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 80
MA 231 MATHEMATICS – II 3 0 0 100
(Common for all branches)
PAPER DESCRIPTION:
This paper contains five Units which are Analytical Geometry in three
dimensions, Differential Calculus, Multiple integrals, Differential Equation of higher
order and Laplace transformation and its Inverse with Vector integration. This paper aims
at enabling the students to study the application of integration to various fields along with
the different techniques to solve higher order linear differential equation.
Paper objectives:
Mathematics is a necessary avenue to scientific knowledge which opens new
vistas of mental activity. A sound knowledge of engineering mathematics is a ‗sine qua
non‘ for the modern engineer to attain new heights in all aspects of engineering practice.
This course provides the student with plentiful opportunities work with and apply the
concepts, and to build skills and experience in mathematical reasoning and engineering
problem solving.
UNIT –I: Analytical Geometry in three dimensions 10 Hours
Direction cosines and direction ratios. Planes, Straight lines, Angle between
planes / straight lines, Coplanar lines. Shortest distance between two skew lines
UNIT – II: Differential Calculus – II 10 Hours
Polar curves and angle between Polar curves. Pedal equations of polar curves,
Radius of curvature – Cartesian, parametric, polar and pedal forms.
UNIT –III: Integral Calculus – II 12
Hours
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 81
Double integrals, Cartesian and polar co – ordinates, change of order of
integration, change of variables between cartesian and polar co – ordinates, triple
integration, area as a double integral, volume as a triple integral
UNIT –IV: Differential Equations - II and Vector Calculus – II 14 Hours
Linear differential equations of second and higher order with constant
coefficients. Method of undetermined coefficients. Method of variation of parameters.
Vector Integration - Green‘s theorem in a plane, Gauss‘s divergence theorems,
Stoke‘s, (without proof) and simple application.
UNIT -V: Laplace Transforms 14 Hours
Definition - Transforms of elementary functions. Derivatives and integrals of
transforms- Problems. Periodic function. UNIT step function and UNIT impulse function
Inverse transforms – Properties. Solutions of linear differential equations
TEXT BOOK
1. Dr. B. S. Grewal, ―Higher Engineering Mathematics‖, 39th
Edition, Khanna
Publishers,
July 2005.
2. K. A. Stroud, ―Engineering Mathematics‖, 6th
Edition, Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.
REFERENCE BOOKS
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 82
1. Erwin Kreyszig, ―Advanced Engineering Mathematics‖, 8th
Edition, John Wiley &
Sons, Inc, 2005
2. Thomas and Finney, ―Calculus‖, 9th
Edition, Pearson Education, 2004
3. Peter V. O‘Neil, ―Advanced Engineering Mathematics‖, Thomson Publication,
Canada,
2007
4. B. V. Ramana, ―Higher Engineering Mathematics‖, Tata McGraw – Hill, 2009.
5. George F. Simmons and Steven G. Krantz, ―Differential Equation, Theory,
Technique and Practice‖, Tata McGraw – Hill, 2006.
6. M. D. Raisinghania, ―Ordinary and Partial Differential Equation‖, Chand (S.) &
Co. Ltd., India, March 17, 2005.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 83
PH 132 / PH 232 ENGINEERING PHYSICS 3 1 0 100
(Common for all branches)
PAPER DESCRIPTION:
This paper contains five Units which are Modern Physics and Quantum
Mechanics, Electrical Conductivity in Metals, Dielectric and Magnetic Properties of
Materials, Lasers, Super Conductivity and Optical Fibres, Crystal Structure and Material
Science. This paper aims at enabling the students to know fundamentals covered in this
paper.
PAPER OBJECTIVES:
To impart the basic concepts and ideas in physics
To develop scientific attitudes and enable the students to correlate the concepts of
physics with the core programmes
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE: Basic/working
UNIT – I 13 Hours
Modern Physics
Introduction to Blackbody radiation spectrum, Photo-electric effect, Compton
effect. Wave particle Dualism. de Broglie hypothesis – de Broglie wavelength, extension
to electron particle. – Davisson and Germer Experiment. Matter waves and their
Characteristic properties. Phase velocity, group velocity and Particle velocity. Relation
between phase velocity and group velocity. Relation between group velocity and particle
velocity. Expression for deBroglie wavelength using group velocity
Quantum Mechanics
Heisenberg‘s uncertainty principle and its physical significance(no derivation).
Application of uncertainty principle (Non-existence of electron in the nucleus).Wave
function. Properties and Physical significance of a wave function. Probability density and
Normalisation of wave function. Setting up of a one dimensional, time independent,
Schrödinger wave equation. Eigen values and eigen function. Application of Schrödinger
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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wave equation –Energy eigen values for a free particle. Energy eigen values of a particle
in a potential well of infinite depth.
UNIT – II 11 Hours
Electrical Conductivity in Metals
Free-electron concept. Classical free-electron theory - Assumptions. Drift
velocity. Mean collision time and mean free path. Relaxation time. Expression for drift
velocity. Expression for electrical conductivity in metals. Effect of impurity and
temperature on electrical resistivity of metals. Failure of classical free-electron theory.
Quantum free-electron theory - Assumptions. Fermi - Dirac Statistics. Fermi-energy –
Fermi factor. Density of states (with derivation). Expression for electrical
resistivity/conductivity Temperature dependence of resistivity of metals. Merits of
Quantum free – electron theory. Thermal Conductivity. Wiedemann-Franz Law( relation
between thermal conductivity & electrical conductivity)
UNIT – III 12 Hours
Dielectric and Magnetic Properties of Materials
Dielectric constant and polarisation of dielectric materials. Types of polarisation.
Equation for internal fields in liquids and solids (one dimensional). Classius – Mussoti
equation. Ferro and Piezo – electricity(qualitative). Frequency dependence of dielectric
constant. Important applications of dielectric materials. Qualitative treatement of
Langevin‘s and Weiss‘s equation for dia, para and ferro-magnetic materials. B-H graph in
ferromagnetic materials. Soft and Hard magnetic materials. Applications
Superconductivity and Optical Fibers
Temperature dependence of resistivity in superconducting materials. Effect of
magnetic field (Meissner effect). Type I and Type II superconductors. Temperature
dependence of critical field. BCS theory (qualitative). High temperature superconductors.
Applications of superconductors– Superconducting magnets, Maglev vehicles and
SQUIDS.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 85
UNIT – IV 12 Hours
Lasers
Principle and production. Einstein‘s coefficients (expression for energy density).
Requisites of a Laser system. Condition for Laser action. Principle, Construction and
working of He-Ne and semiconductor Laser. Applications of Laser – Laser welding,
cutting and drilling. Measurement of atmospheric pollutants. Holography – Principle of
Recording and reconstruction of 3-D images. Selected applications of holography
Optical Fibers
Propagation mechanism in optical fibers. Angle of acceptance. Numerical
aperture. Types of optical fibers and modes of propagation. Attenuation. Applications –
block diagram discussion of point to point communication
UNIT - V 12 Hours
Crystal Structure
Space lattice, Bravais lattice - UNIT cell, primitive cell. Lattice parameters. Crystal
systems. Direction and planes in a crystal. Miller indices. Expression for inter-planar
spacing.Co-ordination number. Atomic packing factor. Bragg‘s Law. Determination of
crystal structure by Bragg‘s x-ray spectrometer. Crystal structures of NaCl, and diamond.
Material Science
Nano-materials – Molecular Manufacturing. Nano-mechanical bearings. Fabrication
technology. Scaling of classical mechanical systems – Basic assumptions. Mechanical
scaling. Scaling of electromagnetic systems –Basic assumptions. Corrections. Magnitude
and scaling – Steady state systems, Time dependent systems. Carbon nano-tubes
Ultrasonic non-destructive testing of materials. Measurement of velocity in solids and
liquids. Determination of elastic constants in solids and liquids
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 86
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Arthur Beisser, ―Concepts of Modern Physics‖, 6th
Edition (2005) Tata
McGraw-Hill.
2. S.O. Pillai, ―Solid State Physics‖, Fifth Edition - - New Age International,
2002
3. Gauer & Guptha, ―Engineering Physics‖, Dhanpathrai and Sons, New Delhi,
1995.
4. Halliday and Resnick, ―Fundamentals of Physics Extended‖, 5th
Edition, John
Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, 1997.
5. H. J. Sawant, ―Engineering Physics‖, 1st Edition, Technical publications,
2010.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. C.Kittel, ―Solid State Physics‖, 6th
Edition, Willey International, 1991.
2. V. Rajendran, ―Engineering Physics‖, First Reprint, copyright @ 2009, by Tata
Mcgraw – Hill Publishing
3. Company Limited, 2008
4. K.Eric Drexler, ―Nanosystems - Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing and
Computation‖, John Wiely & Sons
5. 2005, Ed
6. J David, N Cheeke and Cheeke N Cheeke, ―Fundamentals and Applications of
Ultrasonic Waves‖, CRC Press
7. M.N.Avadhanulu and P.G. Kshirsagar, ―A Text Book of Engineering Physics‖,
S.Chand & Company Ltd.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 87
EE 133 / EE 233 BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 3 1 0 100
(Common for all branches)
PAPER DESCRIPTION:
This paper contains five units which are Analysis of DC circuits, Single phase &
three phase A C circuits, Measuring Instruments & Electrical Domestic Wiring, DC and
AC machines and transformers & Induction Motors. This paper aims at enabling the
students to provide comprehensive idea about circuit analysis, working principles of
machines, common measuring instruments & electrical domestic wiring & protective
devices covered in this paper.
PAPER OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the course students will be able
To understand the basic concepts of magnetic circuits, AC & DC circuits.
To explain the working principle, construction, applications of DC & AC
machines and measuring instruments.
To solve the electrical network using mesh and nodal analysis by applying
network theorems.
To understand the concept of active, reactive and apparent powers, power factor
and resonance in series and parallel circuits.
To know the basic concepts of three phase loads and power measurement.
UNIT – I: 12 Hours
Introduction to electrical power generation and distribution
ELECTRIC CIRCUIT ELEMENTS:
Linear/ non- linear, passive/ active and unilateral and bilateral circuit elements
Sources: Ideal voltage source, practical voltage source, ideal current source, practical
current source, source transformation, Controlled sources.
Resistor: Resistance, linear and non-linear resistors, resistors in series, resistors in
parallel, current division, power consumed by a resistor.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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Capacitor: Capacitance, equivalent capacitance of capacitors in series, voltage division,
capacitors in parallel, energy stored by a capacitor.
Inductor: Inductance, self-induced emf, energy stored by an inductor, inductors in series,
inductors in parallel mutual Inductance, Co-efficient of coupling, Dot Conventions
Resistive networks: Analysis by mesh current method, node voltage method, star- delta
and delta – star transformations, network reduction technique.
Network theorems: Thevenins theorem, Nortons theorem, Superposition theorem and
Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
UNIT – II: 12 Hours
SINGLE-PHASE AC CIRCUITS:
Alternating voltages and currents, generation of single phase alternating voltage,
average value and rms value of periodic sinusoidal and non- sinusoidal wave forms, form
factor. Representation of time-varying quantities as phasors; the operator j;
Representation of complex quantities; Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
of phasors. Basic ac circuits, sinusoidal alternating current in a pure resistor, pure
inductor and a pure capacitor, waveforms of voltage, current, and power, phasor diagram,
inductive and capacitive reactances. Steady-state analysis of RL, RC, and RLC circuits,
concept of impedance and phasor diagram, expression for average power, power factor,
parallel ac circuits, conductance, susceptance and admittance, analysis of series parallel
circuits and phasor diagrams, active power, reactive power, and apparent power, complex
power and power triangle, improvement of power factor.
THREE-PHASE AC CIRCUITS:
Generation of 3-phase balanced sinusoidal voltages, waveform of 3-phase
voltages, star and delta connections, line voltage and phase voltage, line current and
phase current, analysis of 3-phase circuit with balanced supply voltage and with star/delta
connected balanced and unbalanced loads, measurement of active power using two-
wattmeter method with unbalanced and balanced loads.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 89
UNIT – III: 12 Hours
ELECTROMAGNETISM
Magnetic flux, Flux density, Fleming's left hand rule, Faraday‘s laws,
fundamental equation for induced emf in a conductor, Fleming's right hand rule, Lenz‘s
law, Induced emf in a coil.
DC MACHINES:
Working principle of DC machine as a generator and motor. Constructional
features. E.M.F. equation of generator and illustrative examples. Back E.M.F. and torque
equations of D.C. motors. Types of D.C. motors --- characteristics and applications.
Necessity of a starter for motor. Illustrative examples on motors
SYNCHRONOUS GENERATORS:
Principle of operation. Types and constructional features. E.M.F. equation.
Concept of winding factor. Illustrative examples on E.M.F. equation and efficiency only
UNIT – IV: 12 Hours
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS:
Constructional details and principle of operation of PMMC instruments, moving
iron instruments, dynamometer-type wattmeter and induction type energy meter
ELECTRICAL DOMESTIC WIRING:
Electrical domestic wiring, Types of wiring, Suitability of a particular wiring
system for a given installation, Corridor and staircase lighting, Necessity of earthing,
Different types of earthing, Protective devices such as fuses, circuit brakers, different
types of fuses, Working of a fluorescent lamp and sodium vapor lamp, Electrical Safety.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 90
UNIT – V: 12 Hours
TRANSFORMERS:
Types, constructional features, principle of operation, equation for induced emf,
transformation ratio, ideal transformer, equivalent circuit, transformer under no-load and
loaded conditions, losses, efficiency, applications, principle of auto-transformer.
THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS:
Types, constructional details, production of rotating magnetic field, synchronous speed,
principle operation, slip, Necessity of a starter for 3-phase induction motor, Star –Delta
starter.
BIBILOGRAPHY
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Abhijit Chakrabarti, Sudipta Nath,Chandan Kumar Chanda, ―Basic Electrical
Engineering‖, TMH, 2009.
2. E. Hughes; “Electrical Technology", 9th
Edition‖, Pearson, 2005.
3. David A. Bell, ‗Electric circuits‘, 7th
Edition, Oxford University Press 2009.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Kothari D. P. & Nagarath I. J, “Basic Electrical Technology”, TMH, 2004
2. Rajendra Prasad, “Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering”, Prentice Hall of India
Pvt. Ltd., 2005
3. K.A. Krishnamurthy and M.R Raghuveer, “Electrical, Electronics and Computer
Engineering”, 2nd
Edition,T.M.H., 2001
4. D C Kulshreshtha, “Basic Electrical Engineering”, TMH.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 91
CV 134 / CV 234 ENGINEERING MECHANICS 3 0 0 100
(Common for all branches)
PAPER DESCRIPTION:
This paper aims at enabling the students to know the fundamentals Engineering
Mechanics covered in this paper. This paper contains five Units which are Engineering
Mechanics and its classification, Composition of Forces, Equilibrium of Forces, Types of
Supports, and Analysis of trusses, Centriod and Moment of Inertia and Friction.
PAPER OBJECTIVES:
The students will understand the basics of Engineering Mechanics
The students will understand the basic principles, laws, measurements,
calculations and SI UNITs.
The students will understand mechanics that studies the effects of forces and
moments acting on rigid bodies that are either at rest or moving with constant
velocity along a straight path for static condition only.
The students will understand the basic concepts of forces in the member, centriod,
moment of inertia & friction
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE: Basic
UNIT – I 15 Hours
INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING MECHANICS:
Basic idealizations – Practical, Continuum, Rigid body and Point force; Newton‘s
laws of motion, Definition of force, Introduction to SI UNITs, Elements of a force,
classification of force and force systems; Principle of physical independence of forces,
Principle of superposition of forces, Principle of transmissibility of forces; Moment of a
couple, characteristics of couple, Equivalent force – couple system; Resolution of forces,
composition of forces; Numerical problems on moment of forces and couples, on
equivalent force – couple system.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 92
COMPOSITION OF FORCES:
Definition of Resultant; Composition of coplanar – concurrent force system,
Principle of resolved parts; Numerical problems on composition of coplanar concurrent
force systems
COMPOSITION OF COPLANAR:
Non-concurrent force system, Varignon‘s principle of moments; Numerical
problems on composition of coplanar non-concurrent force systems.
UNIT – II 13 Hours
EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCES:
Definition of Equilibrant; Conditions of static equilibrium for different force
systems, Lami‘s theorem; Numerical problems on equilibrium of coplanar – concurrent
force system.
TYPES OF SUPPORTS:
Statically determinate beams, Numerical problems on equilibrium of coplanar-
non- concurrent force system and support reactions for statically determinate beams
UNIT – III 9 Hours
ANALYSIS OF PLANE TRUSSES:
Introduction to Determinate and Indeterminate plane trusses - Analysis of simply
supported and cantilevered trusses by method of joints and method of sections
UNIT – IV 15 Hours
CENTROID OF PLANE FIGURES:
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 93
Locating the centroid of triangle, semicircle, quadrant of a circle and sector of a
circle using method of integration, centroid of simple built up sections; Numerical
problems.
MOMENT OF INERTIA OF AN AREA:
Polar moment of inertia, Radius of gyration, Perpendicular axis theorem and
Parallel axis theorem; Moment of Inertia of rectangular, circular and triangular areas
from method of integration; Moment of inertia of composite areas; Numerical problems.
UNIT – V 8 Hours
FRICTION:
Types of friction, Laws of static friction, Limiting friction, Angle of friction, angle of
repose; Impending motion on horizontal and inclined planes; Wedge friction; Ladder
friction; Numerical problems.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Bhavikatti S.S. “Elements of Civil Engineering (IV Edition) and Engineering
Mechanics”,
2/E, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2008
2. Jagadeesh T.R. and Jay Ram, “Elements of Civil Engineering and Engineering
Mechanics”, 2/E,Sapna Book House, Bangalore, 2008.
3. Shesh Prakash and Mogaveer, “Elements of Civil Engineering and Engineering
Mechanics”, 1/E, PHI learning Private Limited, New Delhi, 2009.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Bansal R. K, “Engineering Mechanics”, Laxmi Publications(P) Ltd, New Delhi,
1995.
2. Ferdinand P. Beer and E. Russel Johnston Jr., “Mechanics for Engineers:
Statics”, 8/E, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New Delhi. 2007.
3. Goyal and Raghuvanshi., “Engineering Mechanics”, New Edition, PHI learning
Private Limited, New Delhi.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 94
4. Irvingh H Shames, “Engineering Mechanics”, 4/E, PHI learning Private Limited,
New Delhi, 2008
5. Jivan khachane & Ruchi shrivasatava, “Engineering Mechanics”, Ane‘s Student
Edition, Anne Book India, New Delhi, 2006.
6. Kolhapure B.K., “Elements of Civil Engineering & Engineering Mechanics”,
1/E, EBPB Publications, Belgaum, 2003.
7. Lakshmana Rao, et al., “Engineering Mechanics - Statics and Dynamics”, New
Edition, PHI learning Private Limited, 2009.
8. Meriam J. L, and Kraige., L. G , “Engineering Mechanics”, 5/E, Volume I, Wiley
India Edition, India, 2009.
9. Nelson, “Engineering Mechanics”, New Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Education
Pvt. Ltd, 2009
10. Palanichamy M.S., “Engineering Mechanics (Statics & Dynamic)”, 3/E, Tata
McGraw-Hill Education Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, 2008.
11. Sawant H. J, & Nitsure., “Elements of Civil Engineering (IV Edition) and
Engineering Mechanics”, New Edition, Technical publications, Pune, India, 2010.
12. Sawhney, “Engineering Mechanics”, New Edition, PHI learning Private Limited,
New Delhi, 2008.
13. Timoshenko and Yong, “Engineering Mechanics”, 5/E, Tata McGraw-Hill Book
Company, New Delhi, 2007.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 95
EG 135 / EG 235 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS 3 1 0 100
(Common for all branches)
PAPER DESCRIPTION:
Provides basic knowledge about Orthographic projections, Projections of points,
Projection of lines, Projection of Planes and Projection of Solids, development of
Surfaces & isometric projections & also helps students learn Solid Edge.
PAPER OBJECTIVES:
To draw and interpret various projections of 1D, 2D and 3D objects..
To prepare and interpret the drawings.
Hands on training in Solid Edge.
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE: Working
UNIT - I 6 Hours
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER AIDED SKETCHING:
Introduction, Drawing Instruments and their uses, BIS conventions, Lettering,
Dimensioning and free hand practicing. Computer screen, layout of the software,
standard tool bar/menus and description of most commonly used tool bars, navigational
tools. Co-ordinate system and reference planes. Definitions of HP, VP, RPP & LPP.
Creation of 2D/3D environment. Selection of drawing size and scale. Commands and
creation of Lines, Co-ordinate points, axes, poly-lines, square, rectangle, polygons,
splines, circles, ellipse, text, move, copy, off-set, mirror, rotate, trim, extend, break,
chamfer, fillet, curves, constraints viz. tangency, parallelism, inclination and
perpendicularity. Dimensioning, line conventions, material conventions and lettering
UNIT – II 15
Hours
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 96
ORTHOGONAL PROJECTIONS:
Introduction, Definitions - Planes of projection, reference line and conventions
employed, Projections of points in all the four quadrants, Projections of straight lines
(located in First quadrant/first angle only), True and apparent lengths, True and apparent
inclinations to reference planes (No application problems).
UNIT – III 15 Hours
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS OF PLANE SURFACES (FIRST ANGLE
PROJECTION ONLY)
Introduction, Definitions – projections of plane surfaces – triangle, square,
rectangle, rhombus, pentagon, hexagon and circle, planes in different positions by change
of position method only (No problems on punched plates and composite plates)
UNIT – IV 18 Hours
PROJECTIONS OF SOLIDS:
Introduction, Definitions – Projections of right regular tetrahedron, hexahedron (cube),
prisms, pyramids, cylinders and cones in different positions. (No problems on
octahedrons and combination solid) 4. Projections of Solids: 18 Hrs
UNIT – V 15 Hours
SECTIONS AND DEVELOPMENT OF LATERAL SURFACES OF SOLIDS:
Introduction, Section planes, Sections, Section views, Sectional views, Apparent
shapes and True shapes of Sections of right regular prisms, pyramids, cylinders and cones
resting with base on HP. (No problems on sections of solids) Development of lateral
surfaces of above solids, their frustums and truncations. (No problems on lateral surfaces
of trays, tetrahedrons, spheres and transition pieces).
UNIT – VI 15 Hours
ISOMETRIC PROJECTION (USING ISOMETRIC SCALE ONLY):
Introduction, Isometric scale, Isometric projection of simple plane figures, Isometric
projection of tetrahedron, hexahedron(cube), right regular prisms, pyramids, cylinders,
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 97
cones, spheres, cut spheres and combination of solids (Maximum of three solids).
BIBILOGRAPHY
TEXT BOOKS:
1. K.R. Gopalakrishna, “Engineering Graphics”, 15th
Edition, Subash Publishers
Bangalore.
2. Basant Agrawal, C. M. Agrawal, ―Engineering Drawing‖, TMH.
3. N.D. Bhatt, “Engineering Graphics, Elementary Engineering Drawing”, 48th
Edition,
Charotar Publishing House, 2005.
4. S. Trymbaka Murthy, “Computer Aided Engineering Drawing”, I.K. International
Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
5. P. J. Shah, ―A Text Book og Engineering Graphics‖, S. Chand & Company Ltd., New
Delhi
6. Arunoday Kumar, ―Engineering Graphics – I and II‖, Tech – Max Publication, Pune.
7. T. Jeyapoovan, ―Engineering Drawing & Graphics using Auro CAD 2000‖, Vikas
Publishing Hoise Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
8. R. K. Dhawan, ―A Text Book of Engineering Drawing‖, by S. Chand & Company
Ltd., New Delhi.
9. P. S. Gill, ―A Text Book of Engineering Drawing‖, S K Kataria & sons, Delhi.
10. D. A. Jolhe, ―Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to Auto CAD‖, D. A. Jolhe
Tata McGraw – Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
11. S. Trymbaka Murthy, “Computer Aided Engineering Drawing”, I.K. International
Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.,New Delhi.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 98
PD136/PD236 PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT–I 3 0 0 100
(Common for all branches)
AIM
The aim of the course is to develop effective oral and written business and
executive communication skills and negotiation strategies of the students and also in the
areas of boundary value problems and transform techniques.
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the course the students would
Be capable of an acceptable level of oral and written communication.
Be able to make effective presentations.
Be able to apply negotiation strategies
Be able to use technology advancements in communication.
EXECUTIVE AND BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
PART A – BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
UNIT 1 5 Hours
INTRODUCTION: Role of communication – defining and classifying communication –
purpose of communication – process of communication – characteristics of successful
communication – importance of communication in management – communication
structure in organization – communication in crisis
UNIT 2 5 Hours
ORAL COMMUNICATION: What is An oral Communication – principles of
successful oral communication – barrier to communication – what is conversation control
– reflection and empathy: two sides of effective oral communication – effective listening
– non – verbal communication
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 99
UNIT 3 9 Hours
WRITTEN COMMUNICATION: Functional English Grammar, Purpose of writing –
clarity in writing – Vocabulary – commonly confused and misused words, principles of
effective writing – approaching the writing process systematically: The 3X3 writing
process for business communication: Pre writing – Writing – Revising – Specific writing
features – coherence – electronic writing process.
UNIT 4 6 Hours
BUSINESS LETTERS AND REPORTS: Introduction to business letters – writing
routine and persuasive letters – positive and negative messages- writing memos – what is
a report purpose, kinds and objectives of reports- writing reports
UNIT 5 6 Hours
CASE METHOD OF LEARNING: Understanding the case method of learning –
different types of cases – overcoming the difficulties of the case method – reading a case
properly (previewing, skimming, reading, scanning) – case analysis approaches (systems,
Behavioural, decision, strategy) – analyzing the case – dos and don‘ts for case
preparation
UNIT 6 8 Hours
PRESENTATION SKILLS: What is a presentation – elements of presentation –
designing a presentation? Advanced visual support for business presentation- types of
visual aid
Negotiations skills: What are negotiations – nature and need for negotiation – factors
affecting negotiation – stages of negotiation process – negotiation strategies?
UNIT 7 6 Hours
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 100
EMPLOYMENT COMMUNICATION: Introduction – writing CVs – Group
discussions – interview skills Impact of Technological Advancement on Business
Communication
Communication networks – Intranet – Internet – e mails – SMS – teleconferencing –
videoconferencing.
PART –B EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATION
UNIT 8 7 Hours
GROUP COMMUNICATION: Meetings – Planning meetings – objectives –
participants – timing – venue of meetings – leading meetings.
Media management – the press release- press conference – media interviews Seminars –
workshop – conferences. Business etiquettes.
UNIT 9 8 Hours
HARNESSING POTENTIAL & DEVELOPING COMPETENCIES IN THE
AREAS OF : Leadership Skills, Body Language, Phonetics, Stress, Rhythm, Voice &
Intonation, Eye Contact, Understanding Personal Space, Team Building, Motivational
Skills, Assertiveness Communication Skills, Active Listening, Lateral & Creative
Thinking, Cross Cultural Communication, Conflict Resolution, Time Management, Stress
Management, Selling Skills & Customer Relationship Management, Appropriate Humour
at the Workplace.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. Business Communication : Concepts, Cases And Applications – P D Chaturvedi,
Mukesh Chaturvedi Pearson Education, 1/e, 2004 (UNIT 1, 2, 4, 5, & 7 )
2. Business Communication, Process And Product – Mary Ellen Guffey – Thomson
Learning , 3/E, 2002 (UNIT 3)
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 101
3. Basic Business Communication – Lesikar, Flatley TMH 10/E, 2005 (UNIT 1, 2,
4, 5, & 7)
4. Advanced Business Communication – Penrose, Rasberry, Myers Thomson
Learning, 4/e, 2002 (UNIT 6 & 8)
5. Business Communication, M.K. Sehgal & V. Khetrapal, Excel Books.
6. Effective Technical Communication By M Ashraf Rizvi .- TMH, 2005
7. Business Communication Today by Bovee Thill Schatzman – Pearson &
Education, 7th Ed, , 2003
8. Contemporary Business Communication - Scot Ober-Biztanntra, 5/e
9. Business Communication – Krizan, Merrier, Jones- Thomson Learning, 6/e, 2005
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 102
PH 151 / PH 251 ENGINEERING PHYSICS LABORATORY 0 0 3 50
(Common for all branches)
PAPER OBJECTIVES:
To develop scientific and experimental skills of the students
To correlate the theoretical principles with application based studies.
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE: Basic/working
SPECIAL NOTE: (Students must conduct two experiments in three Hours in the Lab
examination)
Series and Parallel LCR Circuits
I-V Characteristics of a Zener Diode
Characteristics of a Transistor
Band Gap of a Semiconductor
Charging & discharging of capacitor (Measurement of Dielectric Constant)
Diffraction (Determination of grating constant and number of rulings per inch using
diffraction grating)
Planck‘s Constant (Determination of Planck‘s constant using LED or using the
principle of
photoelectric effect)
Electrical Resistivity (Four probe method)
Verification of Stefan‘s law
Determination of Fermi Energy
Ultrasonic Interferometer (Measurement of Velocity of Sound in
Solids and Liquids).......... [Optional]
Magnetic properties (B-H Graph Method)...........[optional]
REFERENCE BOOK:
1. H. Sathyaseelan, “Laboratory Manual in Applied Physics”, – Second Edition - New
Age International.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 103
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 104
EE 152 / EE 252 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY 3 1 0 100
PAPER DESCRIPTION:
This paper contains twelve experiments and aims at enabling the students to learn
the concepts of electric circuits, machines, wiring, basic appliances, safety issues etc
pertaining to Electrical engineering.
PAPER OBJECTIVES:
To develop scientific and experimental skills of the students
To correlate the theoretical principles with application based studies.
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. Familiarization with Electrical Symbols, tools and materials. Ohm‘s law. Effect of
temperature on resistance
2. Verify the kirchhoff‘s laws. (KVL, KCL)
3. Measurements of power by two watt meter method in a three phase circuit.
Voltage and current relationship of star and delta connection
4. Study of a fluorescent lamp; fuses, relays and circuit breakers
5. Studying house wiring & stair case wiring. Earthing; safety precautions.
6. Working of transformer (1-phase & 3-phase)
7. Working principle and load testing of a DC Generator
Working principle and load testing of a DC Motor (series, shunt & Compound)
8. Working principle of Induction Motor (3-phase)
9. Working principle of Induction Motor (1-phase)
10. Repair of household appliances-1
11. Repair of household appliances-2
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Nagasarkar T. K. & Sukhija M. S., ―Basic Electrical Engineering”, OUP 2005
2. Kothari D. P. & Nagarath I. J, “Basic Electrical Technology”, TMH 2004
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 105
3. Rajendra Prasad, “Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering”, Prentice Hall of India
Pvt. Ltd., 2005.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 106
SECOND YEAR
SEMESTER III
Paper
Code
Code No. Course Title L T P M C
THEORY
IEC331 MA1201 Mathematics III 3 1 0 100 4
IEC332 CS1151 Data Structures 3 1 0 100 4
IEC333 EC1201 Electronic Devices 3 1 0 100 4
IEC334 EC1202 Circuit Analysis 3 1 0 100 4
IEC335 EC1253 Electromagnetic Fields 3 1 0 100 4
IEC336 CY1201 Professional Development-II 3 1 0 100 4
IEC337 HE371 Holistic Education 1 50 1
PRACTICAL
IEC351 EC1204 Electronic Devices and Electric
Circuits Lab
0 0 3 50 2
IEC352 CS1152 Data structure Lab 0 0 3 50 2
SEMESTER IV
Paper
Code
Code No. Course Title L T P M C
THEORY
IEC431 MA1251 Probability and Queuing Theory 3 1 0 100 4
IEC432 EC1252 Electronic Circuits I 3 1 0 100 4
IEC433 EC1253 Signals and Systems 3 1 0 100 4
IEC434 EC1204 Digital Electronics 3 1 0 100 4
IEC435 EC1255 Linear Integrated Circuits 3 1 0 100 4
1EC436 HE471 Holistic Education 1 50 1
PRACTICAL
IEC451 EC1256 Electronics circuits - I Lab 0 0 3 50 2
IEC452 EC1257 Linear Integrated Circuit Lab 0 0 3 50 2
IEC453 EC1258 Digital Electronics lab 0 0 3 50 2
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 107
SEMESTER V
Paper
Code
Code No. Course Title L T P M C
THEORY
IEC531 EC1255 Measurements and Instrumentation 3 1 0 100 4
IEC532 EC1302 Digital Signal Processing 3 1 0 100 4
IEC533 EC1303 Microprocessors and Microcontrollers 3 1 0 100 4
IEC534 EC1304 Electronic Circuits – II 3 1 0 100 4
IEC535 EC1305 Transmission Lines and Waveguides 3 1 0 100 4
PRACTICAL
IEC551 EC1306 Digital Signal Processing Lab 0 0 3 50 2
IEC552 EC1307 Microprocessors and Microcontrollers
Lab
0 0 3 50 2
IEC553 EC1308 Electronic circuits – II and Simulation
Lab
0 0 3 50 2
THIRD YEAR
SEMESTER VI
Paper
Code
Code No. Course Title L T P M C
THEORY
IEC631 MA1251 Numerical Methods 3 1 0 100 4
IEC632 EC1301 Communication Theory 3 1 0 100 4
IEC633 EC1353 Control systems 3 1 0 100 4
IEC634 EC1352 Antennas and Wave Propagation 3 1 0 100 4
IEC635 CS1302 Computer Networks 3 1 0 100 4
PRACTICAL
IEC651 EC1354 Communication System Lab 0 0 3 50 2
IEC652 EC1355 Networks Lab 0 0 3 50 2
IEC653 EC1356 Control Systems Lab 0 0 3 50 2
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 108
SEMESTER VII
Paper
Code
Code No. Course Title L T P M C
THEORY
IEC731 EC1351 Digital Communication 3 1 0 100 4
IEC732 EC1401 Satellite Communication 3 1 0 100 4
IEC733 EC1407* Optical Networking 3 1 0 100 4
IEC734 EC1408* Microwave Circuits 3 1 0 100 4
IEC735 CO1601 Advanced Radiation Systems 3 1 0 100 4
PRACTICAL
IEC751 EC1404 Microwave Lab 0 0 3 50 2
IEC752 EC1405 Optical Communications Lab 0 0 3 50 2
IEC753 EC1406 RF Lab 0 0 3 50 2
FOURTH YEAR
SEMESTER VIII
Paper
Code
Code No. Course Title L T P M C
THEORY
IEC831 EC1451 Wireless Communication 3 1 0 100 4
IEC832 CO1602 Modern Digital Communication
Techniques
3 1 0 100 4
IEC833 CO1651 Mobile Communication Networks 3 1 0 100 4
IEC834 CO1652 Multimedia Compression
Techniques
3 1 0 100 4
PRACTICAL
IEC871 EC1452 Project Work 0 0 12 200 12
IEC872 EC1453 Comprehension 0 0 3 100 3
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 109
SEMESTER – IX
Paper
Code
Code No. Course Title L T P M C
Theory
IEC931 E4*** Elective II 3 0 0 100 3
IEC932 E5*** Elective III 3 0 0 100 3
IEC933 E6*** Elective IV 3 0 0 100 3
Practical
MEC371 CO1751 Project Work (Phase I) 0 0 12 100 6
SEMESTER – X
Paper
Code
Code
No.
Course Title L T P M C
IEC971 CO1751 Project Work (Phase II) 0 0 24 200 12
LIST OF ELECTIVES
Code No. Course Title L T P M C
CO1621 RF System Design 3 0 0 100 3
AN1601 Advanced Digital Signal Processing 3 0 0 100 3
CO1622 Advanced Microwave Systems 3 0 0 100 3
CO1623 Communication protocol Engineering 3 0 0 100 3
CO1624 DSP Processor Architecture and programming 3 0 0 100 3
CO1625 Wavelets and Multi-resolution Processing 3 0 0 100 3
CO1626 Speech and Audio Signal Processing. 3 0 0 100 3
CO1627 Network Routing Algorithms 3 0 0 100 3
CO1628 Simulation of Communication Systems and
Networks 3 0 0 100 3
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 110
CO1629 Global Positioning Systems 3 0 0 100 3
CO1630 Communication Network Security 3 0 0 100 3
CO1631 Soft Computing 3 0 0 100 3
CO1632 Digital Communication Receivers 3 0 0 100 3
AN1604 Advanced Microprocessors and Microcontrollers 3 0 0 100 3
AN1621 Digital Image Processing 3 0 0 100 3
AN1628 Internetworking multimedia 3 0 0 100 3
AN1629 Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility in
System Design 3 0 0 100 3
AN1630 High Performance Communication Networks 3 0 0 100 3
AN1654 Embedded systems 3 0 0 100 3
DC1621 High Speed Switching Architecture 3 0 0 100 3
CO1645 Special Elective 3 0 0 100 3
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 111
MATHEMATICS - III MA 1201
Paper Description:
The course aims to develop the skills of the students in the areas of boundary value
problems and transform techniques. This will be necessary for their effective studies in a
large number of engineering subjects like transformation between different coordinate
systems, heat conduction, communication systems, electro-optics and electromagnetic
theory. The course will also serve as a prerequisite for post graduate and specialized
studies and research.
Paper objective:
At the end of the course the students would
Be helpful in understanding the subject Electromagnetic field in a better way.
Be capable of mathematically formulating certain practical problems in terms of
partial differential equations, solve them and physically interpret the results.
Have gained a well founded knowledge of Fourier series, their different possible
forms and the frequently needed practical harmonic analysis that an engineer may
have to make from discrete data.
Have obtained capacity to formulate and identify certain boundary value problems
encountered in engineering practices, decide on applicability of the Fourier series
method of solution, solve them and interpret the results.
Have grasped the concept of expression of a function, under certain conditions, as
a double integral leading to identification of transform pair, and specialization on
Fourier transform pair, their properties, the possible special cases with attention to
their applications.
Have learnt the basics of Z – transform in its applicability to discretely varying
functions, gained the skill to formulate certain problems in terms of difference
equations and solve them using the Z – transform technique bringing out the
elegance of the procedure involved.
UNIT – I: Coordinate Systems 10 Hours
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 112
Curvilinear Coordinate System, Cylindrical Coordinates, Spherical Coordinates,
Transformation between systems.
UNIT – II: Partial Differential Equation 12 Hours
Formation of partial differential equations by elimination of arbitrary constants and
arbitrary functions – Solution of standard types of first order partial differential equations
– Lagrange‘s linear equation – Linear partial differential equations of second and higher
order with constant coefficients.
UNIT – III: Fourier Series & Fourier Transform 14 Hours
Fourier series – Odd and even functions – Half range Fourier sine and cosine series –
Complex form of Fourier series – Harmonic Analysis.
Fourier integral theorem (without proof) – Sine and Cosine transforms – Properties –
Transforms of simple functions – Convolution theorem – Parseval‘s identity. Solution of
equations using Fourier transform.
UNIT – IV: Boundary Value Problems 12 Hours
Classification of second order quasi linear partial differential equations – Solutions of one
dimensional wave equation – One dimensional heat equation – Two dimensional Laplace
equation – Steady state solution of two-dimensional heat equation (Insulated edges
excluded) – Fourier series solutions in Cartesian coordinates.
UNIT – V: Z – Transform and Difference Equations 12 Hours
Z-transform - Elementary properties – Inverse Z – transform – Convolution theorem -
Formation of difference equations – Solution of difference equations using Z - transform.
BIBILOGRAPHY:
TEXT BOOKS
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 113
Grewal, B.S., ―Higher Engineering Mathematics‖, Thirty Sixth Edition , Khanna
Publishers, Delhi, 2005.
Kandasamy, P., Thilagavathy, K., and Gunavathy, K., ―Engineering Mathematics
Volume III‖, S. Chand & Company ltd., New Delhi, 2003.
REFERENCES
Erwin Kreyszig, ―Advanced Engineering Mathematics‖, 8th
Edition, John Wiley
& Sons,Inc. 2005.
Narayanan, S., Manicavachagom Pillay, T.K. and Ramaniah, G., ―Advanced
Mathematics for Engineering Students‖, Volumes II and III, S. Viswanathan
(Printers and Publishers) Pvt. Ltd. Chennai, 2002.
Ramana B.V ― Higher Engineering Mathematics‖, Tata McGraw – Hill
Publishing Company.New Delhi, 2009.
Churchill, R.V. and Brown, J.W., ―Fourier Series and Boundary Value Problems‖,
Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Singapore, 1987.
T. Veera Rajan, ―Engineering Mathematics [For Semester III]. Third Edition.
Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company. New Delhi, 2007.
S. L. Loney, ―Plane Trigonometry‖, Cambridge: University Press
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 114
IEC332 DATA STRUCTURES 3 1 0 100
AIM
To provide an in-depth knowledge in problem solving techniques and data structures.
OBJECTIVES
To learn the systematic way of solving problems
To understand the different methods of organizing large amounts of data
To learn to program in C
To efficiently implement the different data structures
To efficiently implement solutions for specific problems
UNIT I PROBLEM SOLVING 9 + 3
Problem solving – Top-down Design – Implementation – Verification –
Efficiency – Analysis – Sample algorithms.
UNIT II LISTS, STACKS AND QUEUES 8 + 3
Abstract Data Type (ADT) – The List ADT – The Stack ADT – The Queue ADT
UNIT III TREES 10 + 3
Preliminaries – Binary Trees – The Search Tree ADT – Binary Search Trees –
AVL Trees – Tree Traversals – Hashing – General Idea – Hash Function – Separate
Chaining – Open Addressing – Linear Probing – Priority Queues (Heaps) – Model –
Simple implementations – Binary Heap
UNIT IV SORTING 9 + 3
Preliminaries – Insertion Sort – Shellsort – Heapsort – Mergesort – Quicksort –
External Sorting
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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UNIT V GRAPHS 9 + 3
Definitions – Topological Sort – Shortest-Path Algorithms – Unweighted Shortest
Paths – Dijkstra‘s Algorithm – Minimum Spanning Tree – Prim‘s Algorithm –
Applications of Depth-First Search – Undirected Graphs – Biconnectivity – Introduction
to NP-Completeness
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. R. G. Dromey, ―How to Solve it by Computer‖ (Chaps 1-2), Prentice-Hall of
India, 2002.
2. M. A. Weiss, ―Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in C‖, 2nd
ed, Pearson
Education Asia, 2002. (chaps 3, 4.1-4.4 (except 4.3.6), 4.6, 5.1-5.4.1, 6.1-6.3.3,
7.1-7.7 (except 7.2.2, 7.4.1, 7.5.1, 7.6.1, 7.7.5, 7.7.6), 7.11, 9.1-9.3.2, 9.5-9.5.1,
9.6-9.6.2, 9.7)
REFERENCES
1. Y. Langsam, M. J. Augenstein and A. M. Tenenbaum, ―Data Structures using C‖,
Pearson Education Asia, 2004
2. Richard F. Gilberg, Behrouz A. Forouzan, ―Data Structures – A Pseudocode
Approach with C‖, Thomson Brooks / COLE, 1998.
3. Aho, J. E. Hopcroft and J. D. Ullman, ―Data Structures and Algorithms‖, Pearson
education Asia, 1983.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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IEC333 ELECTRONIC DEVICES 3 1 0 100
AIM
The aim of this course is to familiarize the student with the principle of operation,
capabilities and limitation of various electron devices so that he will be able to use these
devices effectively.
OBJECTIVE
On completion of this course the student will understand
The basics of electron motion in electric field and magnetic field, and passive circuit
components.
Mechanisms of current flow in semi-conductors.
Diode operation and switching characteristics.
Operation of BJT, FET, MOSFET, metal semiconductor ohmic contacts, power
control devices and optoelectronic devices.
Functions of transducers and the process of IC fabrication.
UNIT I ELECTRON BALLISTICS 9 + 3
Electron Ballistics: Charged particles – Force, field intensity, potential and
energy – Two dimensional motion of electron – Force in magnetic field – Motion in a
magnetic field – parallel and perpendicular electric and magnetic fields – Electrostatic
deflection and Magnetic deflection in a Cathode Ray Tube – Principles and applications
of CRO.
UNIT II SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES AND SPECIAL DIODES 10 + 3
Semiconductor diodes: Classification of semiconductors – Conductivity of
semiconductors – Carrier concentration in intrinsic semiconductor – Mass-Action Law –
Properties of intrinsic semiconductors – Variation in semiconductor parameters with
temperature – Drift and diffusion currents – Carrier life time – Continuity equation –
Theory of PN junction diode – Energy band structure of open circuited PN junction –
Quantitative theory of PN diode currents – Diode current equation – Diode resistance –
Transition or space charge capacitance – Diffusion capacitance – Effect of temperature
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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on PN junction diodes – Junction diode switching characteristics – Breakdown in PN
junction diodes
Special diodes: Zener diode – Backward diode – Varactor diode – Step recovery
diode – Point-contact diode – Tunnel diode – PIN diodes
UNIT III BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSIST 9 + 3
Bipolar Junction Transistors: Construction – Transistor Biasing – Operation of
NPN transistor – Operation of PNP transistor – Types of configuration – Breakdown in
transistors – Ebers-Moll model – Transistor switching times.
Small signal models for transistors: Introduction – Two port Devices and
Network parameters – The Hybrid Model for Two port Network
UNIT IV FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS 8 + 3
Construction of N-Channel JFET – Operation of N-Channel JFET – Characteristic
parameters of the JFET – Expression for saturation drain current – Slope of the transfer
characteristics at IDSS – Comparison of JFET and BJT – Applications of JFET – Metal
oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) – Enhancement MOSFET –
Depletion MOSFET – Comparison of MOSFET with JFET – Handling precautions for
MOSFET – Comparison of N-with P-Channel MOSFETs – Comparison of N-with P-
Channel
UNIT V METAL SEMICONDUCTOR CONTACTS AND POWER CONTROL
DEVICES 9 + 3
Metal Semiconductor Contacts: Energy band diagram of metal semiconductor
junction - Schottky diode and ohmic contacts – GTO.
Power control devices: PNPN diode (Shockley diode) – SCR – Thyristor ratings –
LASCR (Light Activated SCR) – TRIAC – DIAC – Structure & Characteristics.
Characteristics and equivalent circuit of UJT - intrinsic stand-off ratio.
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 118
TEXT BOOKS
1. S. Salivahanan, N. Suresh Kumar and A. Vallavaraj, Electronic Devices and Circuits,
TMH, 1998.
2. Jacob Millman & Christos C.Halkias, Electronic Devices and Circuits, Tata
McGraw–Hill, 1991 .
REFERENCES
1. Nandita Das Gupta and Amitava Das Gupta, Semiconductor Devices – Modelling and
Technology, Prentice Hall of India, 2004.
2. Donald A. Neaman, Semiconductor Physics and Devices 3rd
Ed., Tata McGraw-Hill
2002.
3. Ben G. Streetman and Sanjay Banerjee, Solid State Electronic Devices, Pearson
Education 2000.
4. S.M. Sze, Semiconductor Devices – Physics and Technology, 2nd
Edn. John Wiley,
2002.
5. David A. Bell, Electronic Devices and Circuits, 4th
Edition, Prentice Hall of India,
2003.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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IEE334 CIRCUIT ANALYSIS 3 1 0 100
UNIT 1 CIRCUIT ANALYSIS 9 + 3
Network graphs- Concept of branch, link, tree and co-tree .
UNIT 2 NETWORK THEOREMS AND TRANSFORMATIONS 9 + 3
Voltage and current source transformations – Star and delta Transformations –
Superposition, Reciprocity, Substitution, Thevenin, Norton, Tellegen and maximum
power transfer theorems – Statement and applications.
UNIT 3 RESPONSE OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS 9 + 3
Concept of complex frequency – pole – Zero plots – frequency Response of
RL,RC and RLC circuits – transient response of RL,RC and RLC series and parallel
circuits – free response – step and sinusoidal responses – natural frequency , damped
frequency, damping factor and logarithmic decrement – response of circuits for non-
sinusoidal periodic inputs.
UNIT 4 COUPLED AND THREE PHASE CIRCUITS 8 + 3
Coupled Circuits – Co-efficient of Coupling – self and mutual inductances –
analysis of coupled circuits – single and double tuned coupled circuits – coefficient of
critical coupling – analysis – frequency response of tuned coupled Circuits-Three phase
circuits – balanced circuits – star and delta connected loads – unbalanced circuits –
solution of unbalanced star and delta connected loads – power measurement by two-wat
meter method .
UNIT 5 TWO PORT NETWORKS AND FILTERS 10 + 3
Driving point and transfer impedances/admittances – voltage and current ratios of
two port networks – admittance , impedance, hybrid , transmission and image parameters
for two-port networks – impedance matching equivalent Pi and T networks – passive
filter as a two port network – characteristics of ideal filter – lowpass and high pass filter.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 120
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
TEXT BOOK:
1. M.Arumugam and N.Premkumar : Electric circuit Theory, Khanna Publishers, New
Delhi, 2006.
REFERENCES:
1. Joseph Edminister: Electric circuits, 2nd
Edition, Schaum‘s Outline Series,1995.
2. M.L.Soni and J.C Gupta: Electrical Circuit Analysis, Dhanpat Rai and Sons, New
Delhi.
3. W.H.Hayt and J.E.Kemmerly: Engineering Circuit analysis, 6th
Edition, McGraw-
Hill, New york, 2002.
4. Theodre F.Bogrart, Jr.: Electric circuits, 2nd
Edition, Macmillan /McGraw-Hill, 1992.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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IEC335 ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS 3 1 0 100
AIM
To familiarize the student to the concepts, calculations and pertaining to electric,
magnetic and electromagnetic fields so that an in depth understanding of antennas,
electronic devices, Waveguides is possible.
OBJECTIVES
To analyze fields a potentials due to static changes
To evaluate static magnetic fields
To understand how materials affect electric and magnetic fields
To understand the relation between the fields under time varying situations
To understand principles of propagation of uniform plane waves.
UNIT I STATIC ELECTRIC FIELDS 9 + 3
Introduction to Co-ordinate System – Rectangular – Cylindrical and Spherical Co-
ordinate System – Introduction to line, Surface and Volume Integrals – Definition of
Curl, Divergence and Gradient – Meaning of Strokes theorem and Divergence theorem
Coulomb‘s Law in Vector Form – Definition of Electric Field Intensity – Principle of
Superposition – Electric Field due to discrete charges – Electric field due to continuous
charge distribution - Electric Field due to charges distributed uniformly on an infinite and
finite line – Electric Field on the axis of a uniformly charged circular disc – Electric Field
due to an infinite uniformly charged sheet.
Electric Scalar Potential – Relationship between potential and electric field - Potential
due to infinite uniformly charged line – Potential due to electrical dipole - Electric Flux
Density – Gauss Law – Proof of Gauss Law – Applications.
UNIT II STATIC MAGNETIC FIELD 9 + 3
The Biot-Savart Law in vector form – Magnetic Field intensity due to a finite and
infinite wire carrying a current I – Magnetic field intensity on the axis of a circular and
rectangular loop carrying a current I – Ampere‘s circuital law and simple applications.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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Magnetic flux density – The Lorentz force equation for a moving charge and applications
– Force on a wire carrying a current I placed in a magnetic field – Torque on a loop
carrying a current I – Magnetic moment – Magnetic Vector Potential.
UNIT III ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS IN MATERIALS 9 + 3
Poisson‘s and Laplace‘s equation – Electric Polarization-Nature of dielectric
materials- Definition of Capacitance – Capacitance of various geometries using Laplace‘s
equation – Electrostatic energy and energy density – Boundary conditions for electric
fields – Electric current – Current density – point form of ohm‘s law – continuity
equation for current.
Definition of Inductance – Inductance of loops and solenoids – Definition of mutual
inductance – simple examples. Energy density in magnetic fields – Nature of magnetic
materials – magnetization and permeability - magnetic boundary conditions.
UNIT IV TIME VARYING ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS 9 + 3
Faraday‘s law – Maxwell‘s Second Equation in integral form from Faraday‘s Law
– Equation expressed in point form.
Displacement current – Ampere‘s circuital law in integral form – Modified form of
Ampere‘s circuital law as Maxwell‘s first equation in integral form – Equation expressed
in point form. Maxwell‘s four equations in integral form and differential form.
Poynting Vector and the flow of power –Instantaneous Average and Complex Poynting
Vector.
UNIT V ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 9 + 3
Derivation of Wave Equation – Uniform Plane Waves – Maxwell‘s equation in
Phasor form – Wave equation in Phasor form – Plane waves in free space and in a
homogenous material.
Wave equation for a conducting medium – Plane waves in lossy dielectrics – Propagation
in good conductors – Skin effect- Problems.
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 123
TEXTBOOKS
1. William H.Hayt : ―Engineering Electromagnetics‖, Tata Mc-Graw Hill,2003
(Unit I,II,III ).
2. E.C. Jordan & K.G. Balmain : ―Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems‖,
Prentice Hall of India, 2nd
edition, 2003. (Unit IV, V). McGraw-Hill, 9th
reprint
REFERENCES
1. Ramo, Whinnery and Van Duzer: ―Fields and Waves in Communications
Electronics‖, 3rd
edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2003.
2 N.Narayana Rao: ―Elements of Engineering Electromagnetics‖ 4th
edition,
Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 1998.
3. M.N.O.Sadiku: ―Elements of Engineering Electromagnetics‖, Oxford University
Press, Third edition.
4. David K.Cherp: ―Field and Wave Electromagnetics‖,Second Edition,Pearson
Edition.
5. David J.Grithiths: ―Introduction to Electrodynamics‖, III Edition,PHI.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 124
IEC336 PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT-II 3 1 0 100
AIM
The subject makes an attempt to incorporate all basic concepts and practices of
management, human resources management and economics that provides the foundation
and legal framework to guide the formative knowledge of Management Concepts and
also the Concepts of Economic Systems, Economic behavior of individuals and
organizations.
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the course the students would
Be capable of relating the principles of management and economics with the
environment of management & economics, personal experiences and cases which
will be attempted in the class
PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT, HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT &
PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS
PART A – PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
UNIT 1 (8 Hours)
Management: Introduction: Definition of management, nature, purpose and functions,
level and types of managers, Manager/Non-Manager, Managerial Roles, Essential
Managerial Skills, Key personal characteristics for Managerial success. Evolution and
various schools to management thoughts, continuing management themes – quality and
performance excellence, global awareness, learning organization, Characteristics of 21st
century Executives. Social responsibility of managers.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 125
UNIT 2 (8 Hours)
Planning: Meaning and nature of planning, types of plans, steps in planning process;
Objectives: meaning, setting and managing objectives – MBO method: concept and
process of managing by objectives; Strategies: definition, levels of strategies, its
importance in an Organization; Policies: meaning, formulation of policies; Programs:
meaning, nature; Planning premises: concept, developing effective planning premises;
Decision making, steps in decision making, approaches to decision making, types of
decisions and various techniques used for decision making.
UNIT 3 (8 Hours)
Organizing: Organizing as managerial function – organization structure, formal and
informal organization.
Traditional Organization Structures – Functional, Divisional and Matrix Structure
Directions in organizational Structures – Team structure, network structure, boundary
less structure
Organizing Trends and Practices – Chain of command, unity of command, span of
control, delegation and empowerment, decentralization and use of staff, organizational
design and organizational configuration.
UNIT 4 (7 Hours)
Leading as a function of management, Leadership and vision, Leadership traits, classic
Leadership styles, Leaders behaviour – Likert‘s four systems, Managerial Grid.
Overlapping role of leader and managers. The organizational context of communication,
Directions of communications, channels of communication, Barriers to communication.
Motivation and rewards, Rewards and performance. Hierarchy of need theory and two
factory theory. Integrated model of motivation.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 126
UNIT 5 (7 Hours)
Controlling: Control function in management, The basic control process. Types of
control – feed forward, concurrent and feedback controls. Factors in control
effectiveness.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. Management– J.R. Schermerhorn Jr. Wiley India, New Delhi 2004.
2. Management-Concepts and Cases-V.S.P.Rao, Excel Books
3. Management - A Global and Entrepreneurial Perspective - Harold Koontz, Heinz
Weihrich - TMH 12th
edition, 2008.
4. Management – Stephen P. Robbins, M. Caulter, Pearson, PHI, 9e, 2008.
5. Management - Ricky W. Griffin Eigth Edition, 2005, Biztantra
6. Fundamentals of Management-Stephen P Robbins et all, Pearson Publications,
Fifth edition
7. Management-Richard L. Daft, Cegage learning
PART B – PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
UNIT 7 (6 Hours)
HRM- Introduction, meaning, definition, nature and scope of HRM and HRD, evolution
of HRM, Difference between Personnel Management and HRM, features of HRM, HRM
functions, objectives of HRM, policies, procedures and programmes, practices,
Organization of HRM, line and staff responsibility role of personnel manager and HR
manager, qualities of HR, HR Manager as a Strategic partner, factors influencing
HRM, Opportunities and Challenges in Human Resource Management.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 127
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. Human Resource Management, Text & Cases – VSP Rao, Excel Books, 2005
2. Human Resource Management – Text & Cases – K. Ashwatappa: 5th
Edition,
TMH.
PART C – PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS
UNIT 8 (10 Hours)
Introduction to economics. Basics of demand, supply and equilibrium, demand theory
and analysis, theory of consumer choice, business and economic forecasting, production
theory and analysis, cost theory and analysis, market structures – perfect competition,
monopoly, monopolistic competition, oligopoly and barriers to entry.
UNIT 9 (6 Hours)
Fundamental Principles of Economics – Opportunity Costs, Incremental Principle, Time
Perspective, Discounting and Equi-Marginal principles.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. Economics by Samuelson Nordhavs 18th
Edition, Mc-Graw Hill Education
2. Managerial Economics by Christopher R Thomas, S Charless Maurice – Special
Indian, 8th
Ed., Mc-Graw Hill Education.
3. Managerial Economics by D N Dwivedi – 6th
Ed., Vikas Publication, 2005
4. Micro Economics by Dominick Salvotore, Oxford Publishers, 4/e, 2004
5. Managerial Economics, Atmanand, Excel Books
6. Managerial Economics by Craig H Petersen, W. Chris Lewis & Sudhir K Jain –
Pearson Education, 4th
Ed. PHI.
7. Managerial Economics – Theory and Applications by Dr. D. M Mithani :
Himalaya Publication, 2/e, 2005
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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IEC351 ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND ELECTRIC CIRCUITS LAB 0 0 3 50
List of Experiments:
1. Study of CRO,DSO and MSO
2. Diode Characteristics
(i) Determination of Cut in Voltage, Diode forward resistance &
Reverse resistance
(ii) Determination of ɳ from the plot of ln I vs V
3. Zener Diode Characteristics.
4. Input and Output Characteristics of common Emitter Transistor
Configuration
(i) Determination of ɳ parameter from the graph
5. Input and output Characteristics of common base transistor Configuration
a. Determination of ɳ parameter from the graph
6. Characteristics of JFET
a. Drain and Transfer Characteristics
b. Determination of mutual conductance, drain resistance &
amplification factor
7. Characteristics of UJT
i. Determination of intrinsic stand of ratio
ii. Determination of negative resistance
8. Characteristics of SCR
i. Determination of Forward break over voltage for varying gate
current
9. Characteristics of LED, photodiode and photo transistor
10. Characteristics of MOSFET
i. V – I characteristics
ii. Transfer Characteristics
11. Verification of Kirchoff voltage law and current law
12. Verification of Theorems
i. Thevenins theorem
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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ii. Norton Theorem
iii. Super position theorem
iv. Maximum power transfer theorem
List of equipments for a batch of 30
0 – 30 V RPS - 12
0 – 50 V RPS - 3
0 – 50mA Ammeter - 7
0 – 100mA Ammeter - 3
0 – 10mA Ammeter - 3
0 – 1 V Voltmeter - 4
0 – 10 V Voltmeter - 1
0 – 30 V Voltmeter - 6
0 – 50 V Voltmeter - 3
Diode - 10
Zener diode - 10
Transistor - 20
FET - 10
UJT - 10
SCR - 10
Required passive components
P = 45 Total = 45
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 130
IEC352 DATA STRUCTURES LAB 0 0 3 50
AIM
To teach the principles of good programming practice and to give a practical training in
writing efficient programs in C.
OBJECTIVES
To teach the students to write programs in C
To implement the various data structures as Abstract Data Types
To write programs to solve problems using the ADTs
Implement the following exercises using C:
1. Array implementation of List Abstract Data Type (ADT)
2. Linked list implementation of List ADT
3. Cursor implementation of List ADT
4. Array implementations of Stack ADT
5. Linked list implementations of Stack ADT
The following three exercises are to be done by implementing the following
source files
(a) Program for ‗Balanced Paranthesis‘
(b) Array implementation of Stack ADT
(c) Linked list implementation of Stack ADT
(d) Program for ‗Evaluating Postfix Expressions‘
An appropriate header file for the Stack ADT should be #included in (a) and (d)
6. Implement the application for checking ‗Balanced Paranthesis‘ using array
implementation of Stack ADT (by implementing files (a) and (b) given above)
7. Implement the application for checking ‗Balanced Paranthesis‘ using linked list
implementation of Stack ADT (by using file (a) from experiment 6 and
implementing file (c))
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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8. Implement the application for ‗Evaluating Postfix Expressions‘ using array and
linked list implementations of Stack ADT (by implementing file (d) and using file
(b), and then by using files (d) and (c))
9. Queue ADT
10. Search Tree ADT - Binary Search Tree
11. Heap Sort
12. Quick Sort
P = 45 Total = 45
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 132
IEC431 PROBABILITY AND QUEUEING THEORY 3 1 0 100
Paper Description:
The probabilistic models are employed in countless applications in all areas of science
and engineering. Queuing theory provides models for a number of situations that arise in
real life. The course aims at providing necessary mathematical support and confidence to
tackle real life problems.
Paper objective:
At the end of the course, the students would
Have a fundamental knowledge of the basic probability concepts.
Have a well – founded knowledge of standard distributions which can describe
real life phenomena.
Acquire skills in handling situations involving more than one random variable and
functions of random variables.
Understand and characterize phenomena which evolve with respect to time in a
probabilistic manner.
Be exposed to basic characteristic features of a queuing system and acquire skills
in analyzing queuing models.
UNIT – I: Probability and Random Variable 12 Hours
Axioms of probability - Conditional probability - Total probability – Baye‘s theorem
Random variable - Probability mass function - Probability density function - Properties –
Moments - Moment generating functions and their properties.
UNIT – II: Standard Distributions 12 Hours
Binomial, Poisson, Geometric, Negative Binomial, Uniform, Exponential, Gamma,
Weibull and Normal distributions and their properties - Functions of a random variable.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 133
UNIT – III: Two Dimensional Random Variables 12 Hours
Joint distributions - Marginal and conditional distributions – Covariance – Correlation
and regression - Transformation of random variables - Central limit theorem.
UNIT – IV: Random Processes and Markov Chains 12 Hours
Classification - Stationary process - Markov process - Poisson process - Birth and death
process - Markov chains - Transition probabilities - Limiting distributions.
UNIT – V: Queuing Theory 12 Hours
Markovian models – M/M/1, M/M/C , finite and infinite capacity - M/M/∞ queues -
Finite source model - M/G/1 queue (steady state solutions only) – Pollaczek –
Khintchine formula – Special cases.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Ross, S., ―A first course in probability‖, Sixth Edition, Pearson Education, Delhi,
2002.
2. Medhi J., ―Stochastic Processes‖, New Age Publishers, New Delhi, 1994.
(Chapters 2, 3, & 4)
3. Taha, H. A., ―Operations Research - An Introduction‖, Seventh Edition, Pearson
Education Edition Asia, Delhi, 2002.
REFERENCES
1. Veerarajan., T., ―Probability, Statistics and Random Processes‖, Tata McGraw-
Hill, Second Edition, New Delhi, 2003.
2. Allen., A.O., ―Probability, Statistics and Queuing Theory‖, Academic press, New
Delhi, 1981.
3. Gross, D. and Harris, C.M., ―Fundamentals of Queuing theory‖, John Wiley and
Sons, Second Edition, New York, 1985.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 134
IEC432 ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS I 3 1 0 100
AIM
The aim of this course is to familiarize the student with the analysis and design of basic
transistor Amplifier circuits and power supplies.
OBJECTIVE
On completion of this course the student will understand
The methods of biasing transistors
Design of simple amplifier circuits
Mid – band analysis of amplifier circuits using small - signal equivalent circuits to
determine gain input impedance and output impedance
Method of calculating cutoff frequencies and to determine bandwidth
Design of power amplifiers and heat sinks
Analysis and design of power supplies and power control using SCR.
UNIT I TRANSISTOR BIASING 9 + 3
BJT – Need for biasing - Fixed bias circuit, Load line and quiescent point. Variation of
quiescent point due to hFE variation within manufacturer‘s tolerance. Stability factors.
Different types of biasing circuits. Method of stabilizing the Q point to the extent
possible. Advantage of Self bias (voltage divider bias) over other types of biasing. Use of
Self bias circuit as a constant current circuit. Source self bias and voltage divider bias for
FET. Use of JFET as a voltage variable resistor.
UNIT II MIDBAND ANALYSIS OF SMALL SIGNAL AMPLIFIERS 9 + 3
CE, CB and CC amplifiers. Method of drawing small-signal equivalent circuit. Midband
analysis of various types of single stage amplifiers to obtain gain, input impedance and
output impedance. Miller‘s theorem. Comparison of CB, CE and CC amplifiers and their
uses. Darlington connection using similar and Complementary transistors. Methods of
increasing input impedance using Darlington connection and bootstrapping. CS, CG and
CD (FET) amplifiers. Multistage amplifiers.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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Basic emitter coupled differential amplifier circuit. Bisection theorem. Differential gain.
CMRR. Use of constant current circuit to improve CMRR. Derivation of transfer
characteristic, Transconductance. Use as Linear amplifier, limiter, amplitude modulator.
UNIT III FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF AMPLIFIERS 9 + 3
General shape of frequency response of amplifiers. Definition of cut off frequencies and
bandwidth. Low frequency analysis of amplifiers to obtain lower cut off frequency
Hybrid – pi equivalent circuit of BJTs. High frequency analysis of BJT amplifiers to
obtain upper cut off frequency. High frequency equivalent circuit of FETs. High
frequency analysis of FET amplifiers. Gain-bandwidth product of FETs. General
expression for frequency response of multistage amplifiers. Calculation of overall upper
and lower cut off frequencies of multistage amplifiers. Amplifier rise time and sag and
their relation to cut off frequencies.
UNIT IV LARGE SIGNAL AMPLIFIERS 9 + 3
Classification of amplifiers (Class A, B, AB, C&D), Efficiency of class A, RC coupled
and transformer-coupled power amplifiers. Class B complementary-symmetry, push-pull
power amplifiers. Calculation of power output, efficiency and power dissipation.
Crossover distortion and methods of eliminating it.Heat flow calculations using
analogous circuit. Calculation of actual power handling capacity of transistors with and
without heat sink. Heat sink design.
UNIT V RECTIFIERS AND POWER SUPPLIES 9 + 3
Half-wave, full-wave and bridge rectifiers with resistive load. Analysis for Vdc and
ripple voltage with C, CL, L-C and C-L-C filters. Voltage multipliers Zenerdiode
regulator. Electronically regulated d.c power supplies. Line regulation, output resistance
and temperature coefficient. Switched mode power supplies. Power control using SCR.
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 136
TEXT BOOKS
1. Millman J. and Halkias .C. " Integrated Electronics ", Tata McGraw-Hill.
REFERENCES
1. Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky, 8th
edn., PHI, 2002.
2. S.Salivahanan, et.al, ―Electronic Devices and Circuits‖, TMH, 1998.
3. Floyd, Electronic Devices, Sixth edition, Pearson Education, 2003.
4. I.J. Nagrath, Electronics – Analog and Digital, PHI, 1999.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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IEC433 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS 3 1 0 100
AIM
To study and analyze characteristics of continuous, discrete signals and systems.
OBJECTIVES
To study the properties and representation of discrete and continuous signals.
To study the sampling process and analysis of discrete systems using z-transforms.
To study the analysis and synthesis of discrete time systems.
UNIT I REPRESENTATION OF SIGNALS 9 + 3
Continuous and discrete time signals: Classification of Signals – Periodic
aperiodic even – odd – energy and power signals – Deterministic and random signals –
complex exponential and sinusoidal signals – periodicity – properties of discrete time
complex exponential unit impulse – unit step impulse functions – Transformation in
independent variable of signals: time scaling, time shifting.
Determination of Fourier series representation of continuous time and discrete time periodic
signals – Explanation of properties of continuous time and discrete time Fourier series.
UNIT II ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS TIME SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
9 + 3
Continuous time Fourier Transform and Laplace Transform analysis with
examples – properties of the Continuous time Fourier Transform and Laplace Transform
basic properties, Parseval‘s relation, and convolution in time and frequency domains.
Basic properties of continuous time systems: Linearity, Causality, time invariance,
stability, magnitude and Phase representations of frequency response of LTI systems -
Analysis and characterization of LTI systems using Laplace transform:
Computation of impulse response and transfer function using Laplace transform.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 138
UNIT III SAMPLING THEOREM AND z-TRANSFORMS 9 + 3
Representation of continuous time signals by its sample - Sampling theorem –
Reconstruction of a Signal from its samples, aliasing – discrete time processing of
continuous time signals, sampling of band pass signals
Basic principles of z-transform - z-transform definition – region of convergence –
properties of ROC – Properties of z-transform – Poles and Zeros – inverse z-transform
using Contour integration - Residue Theorem, Power Series expansion and Partial
fraction expansion, Relationship between z-transform and Fourier transform.
UNIT IV DISCRETE TIME SYSTEMS 9 + 3
Computation of Impulse & response & Transfer function using Z Transform.
DTFT Properties and examples – LTI-DT systems -Characterization using difference
equation – Block diagram representation – Properties of convolution and the
interconnection of LTI Systems – Causality and stability of LTI Systems.
UNIT V SYSTEMS WITH FINITE AND INFINITE DURATION IMPULSE
RESPONSE 9 + 3
Systems with finite duration and infinite duration impulse response – recursive
and non-recursive discrete time system – realization structures – direct form – I, direct
form – II, Transpose, cascade and parallel forms.
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 139
TEXT BOOK
1. Alan V.Oppenheim, Alan S.Willsky with S.Hamid Nawab, Signals & Systems,
2nd
edn., Pearson Education, 1997.
REFERENCES
1. John G.Proakis and Dimitris G.Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing, Principles,
Algorithms and Applications, 3rd
edn., PHI, 2000.
2. M.J.Roberts, Signals and Systems Analysis using Transform method and
MATLAB, TMH 2003.
3. Simon Haykin and Barry Van Veen, Signals and Systems, John Wiley, 1999
4. K.Lindner, ―Signals and Systems‖, McGraw Hill International, 1999.
5. Moman .H. Hays,‖ Digital Signal Processing ―, Schaum‘s outlines, Tata McGraw-
Hill Co Ltd., 2004.
6. Ashok Amhardar, ―Analog and Digital Signal Processing‖, 2nd
Edition Thomson
2002.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 140
IEC434 DIGITAL ELECTRONICS 3 1 0 100
AIM
To learn the basic methods for the design of digital circuits and provide the
fundamental concepts used in the design of digital systems.
UNIT I DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 9 + 3
Introduction – Special Charecteristics – Bipolar Transistor Characteristics – RTL and
DTL circuits – Transistor-Transistor Logic (TTL) Emitter Coupled Logic (ECL) – Metal
Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) – Complementary MOS (CMOS) – CMOS Transmission
Gate circuits
UNIT II COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS – I 9 + 3
Design procedure – Adders-Subtractors – Serial adder/ Subtractor - Parallel adder/
Subtractor- Carry look ahead adder- BCD adder- Magnitude Comparator
UNIT III COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS – II 9 + 3
Multiplexer/ Demultiplexer- encoder / decoder – parity checker – code converters.
Implementation of combinational logic using MUX, ROM, PAL and PLA- HDL for
combinational Circuits
UNIT IV SEQUENTIAL CIRCUIT 9 + 3
Classification of sequential circuits – Moore and Mealy -Design of Synchronous
counters: state diagram- State table –State minimization –State assignment- ASM-
Excitation table and maps-Circuit implementation - Universal shift register – Shift
counters – Ring counters.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 141
UNIT V ASYNCHRONOUS SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS 9 + 3
Design of fundamental mode and pulse mode circuits – primitive state / flow table –
Minimization of primitive state table –state assignment – Excitation table – Excitation
map- cycles – Races –Hazards: Static –Dynamic –Essential –Hazards elimination.
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. M. Morris Mano, Digital Design, 3.ed., Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi, 2003/Pearson Education (Singapore) Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2003 – (Unit I,
II, V)
2. John .M Yarbrough, Digital Logic Applications and Design, Thomson- Vikas
publishing house, New Delhi, 2002. (Unit III, IV)
REFERENCES
1. S. Salivahanan and S. Arivazhagan, Digital Circuits and Design, 2nd
ed., Vikas
Publishing House Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, 2004
2. Charles H.Roth. ―Fundamentals of Logic Design‖, Thomson Publication
Company, 2003.
3. Donald P.Leach and Albert Paul Malvino, Digital Principles and Applications, 5
ed., Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, 2003.
4. R.P.Jain, Modern Digital Electronics, 3 ed., Tata McGraw–Hill publishing
company limited, New Delhi, 2003.
5. Thomas L. Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, Pearson Education, Inc, New Delhi,
2003
6. Donald D.Givone, Digital Principles and Design, Tata Mc-Graw-Hill Publishing
company limited, New Delhi, 2003.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 142
IEC435 LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 3 1 0 100
AIM
To teach the basic concepts in the design of electronic circuits using linear integrated
circuits and their applications in the processing of analog signals.
OBJECTIVES
To introduce the basic building blocks of linear integrated circuits.
To teach the linear and non-linear applications of operational amplifiers.
To introduce the theory and applications of analog multipliers and PLL.
To teach the theory of ADC and DAC
To introduce a few special function integrated circuits.
UNIT I CIRCUIT CONFIGURATION FOR LINEAR ICs 9 + 3
Current sources, Analysis of difference amplifiers with active loads, supply and
temperature independent biasing, Band gap references, Monolithic IC operational
amplifiers, specifications, frequency compensation, slew rate and methods of improving
slew rate.
UNIT II APPLICATIONS OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS 9 + 3
Linear and Nonlinear Circuits using operational amplifiers and their analysis,
Inverting and Non inverting Amplifiers, Differentiator, Integrator, Voltage to current
converter, Instrumentation amplifier, Sine wave Oscillator, Low-pass and band-pass
filters, Comparator, Multivibrators and Schmitt trigger, Triangular wave generator,
Precision rectifier, Log and Antilog amplifiers, Non-linear function generator.
UNIT III ANALOG MULTIPLIER AND PLL 9 + 3
Analysis of four quadrant (Gilbert cell) and variable transconductance multipliers,
Voltage controlled Oscillator, Closed loop analysis of PLL, AM, PM and FSK
modulators and demodulators, Frequency synthesizers, Compander ICs.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 143
UNIT IV ANALOG TO DIGITAL AND DIGITAL TO ANALOG
CONVERTERS 9 + 3
Analog switches, High speed sample and hold circuits and sample and hold ICs,
Types of D/A converter, Current driven DAC, Switches for DAC, A/D converter-Flash,
Single slope, Dual slope, Successive approximation, Delta Sigma Modulation.
UNIT V SPECIAL FUNCTION ICS 9 + 3
Astable and Monostable Multivibrators using 555 Timer, Voltage regulators-
linear and switched mode types, Switched capacitor filter, Frequency to Voltage
converters, , Voltage to Time converters ,Tuned amplifiers.
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
TEXT BOOK
1. Sergio Franco, ‗Design with operational amplifiers and analog integrated
circuits‘, McGraw-Hill, 1997.
2. D.Roy Choudhry, Shail Jain, ―Linear Integrated Circuits‖, New Age International
Pvt. Ltd., 2000.
REFERENCES
4. Gray and Meyer, ‗Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits‘, Wiley
International, 1995.
5. J.Michael Jacob, ‗Applications and Design with Analog Integrated Circuits‘,
Prentice Hall of India, 1996.
6. Ramakant A.Gayakwad, ‗OP-AMP and Linear IC‘s‘, Prentice Hall / Pearson
Education, 1994.
7. K.R.Botkar, ‗Integrated Circuits‘. Khanna Publishers, 1996.
8. Taub and Schilling, Digital Integrated Electronics, McGraw-Hill, 1997.
9. Millman.J. and Halkias.C.C. ‗Integrated Electronics‘, McGraw-Hill, 1972.
10. William D.Stanely, ‗Operational Amplifiers with Linear Integrated Circuits‘.
Pearson Education, 2004.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 144
IEC451 ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS - I LAB 0 0 3 50
1. Biasing circuits
a. Determination of Stability factor (Fixed bias, Collector to base bias & Self
bias)
2. CE amplifier – Frequency Response
3. CC Amplifier – Frequency Response
4. Common source FET amplifier – Frequency Response
5. Two Stage RC coupled amplifier – Frequency Response
6. Bootstrapped FET Amplifier
a. Determination of input impedance
7. Series Regulator
8. Shunt Regulator
9. Class ‗A‘ Power Amplifier
10. Complementary- symmetry Push Pull amplifier
11. Differential Amplifier
12. Rectifiers & Filters
P = 45 Total = 45
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 145
IEC452 LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB 0 0 3 50
Design and testing of:
1. Inverting, Non inverting and Differential amplifiers.
2. Integrator and Differentiator.
3. Instrumentation amplifier.
4. Active lowpass and bandpass filter.
5. Astable, Monostable multivibrators and Schmitt Trigger using op-amp.
6. Phase shift and Wien bridge oscillator using op-amp.
7. Astable and monostable using NE555 Timer.
8. PLL characteristics and Frequency Multiplier using PLL.
9. DC power supply using LM317 and LM723.
10. Study of SMPS control IC SG3524 / SG3525.
P = 45 Total = 45
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 146
IEC453 DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB 0 0 3 50
1. Design and implementation of Adders and Subtractors using logic gates.
2. Design and implementation of code converters using logic gates
(i) BCD to excess-3 code and voice versa
(ii) Binary to gray and vice-versa
3. Design and implementation of 4 bit binary Adder/ subtractor and BCD adder
using IC 7483
4. Design and implementation of 2Bit Magnitude Comparator using logic gates 8 Bit
Magnitude Comparator using IC 7485
5. Design and implementation of 16 bit odd/even parity checker generator using
IC74180.
6. Design and implementation of Multiplexer and De-multiplexer using logic gates
and study of IC74150 and IC 74154
7. Design and implementation of encoder and decoder using logic gates and study of
IC7445 and IC74147
8. Construction and verification of 4 bit ripple counter and Mod-10 / Mod-12 Ripple
counters
9. Design and implementation of 3-bit synchronous up/down counter
10. Implementation of SISO, SIPO, PISO and PIPO shift registers using Flip- flopss
P = 45 Total = 45
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 147
IEC531 MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION 3 1 0 100
AIM
To introduce the concept of measurement and the related instrumentation requirement as
a vital ingredient of electronics and communication engineering.
OBJECTIVE
To learn
Basic measurement concepts
Concepts of electronic measurements
Importance of signal generators and signal analysers in measurements
Relevance of digital instruments in measurements
The need for data acquisition systems
Measurement techniques in optical domains.
UNIT I BASIC MEASUREMENT CONCEPTS 9 + 3
Measurement systems – Static and dynamic characteristics – units and standards
of measurements – error analysis – moving coil, moving iron meters – multimeters –
True RMS meters – Bridge measurements – Maxwell, Hay, Schering, Anderson and
Wien bridge.
UNIT II BASIC ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS 9 + 3
Electronic multimeters – Cathode ray oscilloscopes – block schematic –
applications – special oscilloscopes – Q meters – Vector meters – RF voltage and power
measurements.
UNIT III SIGNAL GENERATORS AND ANALYZERS 9 + 3
Function generators – RF signal generators – Sweep generators – Frequency
synthesizer – wave analyzer – Harmonic distortion analyzer – spectrum analyzer.
UNIT IV DIGITAL INSTRUMENTS 9 + 3
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 148
Comparison of analog and digital techniques – digital voltmeter – multimeters –
frequency counters – measurement of frequency and time interval – extension of
frequency range – measurement errors.
UNIT V DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS AND FIBER OPTIC
MEASUREMENTS 9 + 3
Elements of a digital data acquisition system – interfacing of transducers –
multiplexing – computer controlled instrumentation – IEEE 488 bus – fiber optic
measurements for power and system loss – optical time domains reflectometer.
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
TEXT BOOK
1. Albert D.Helfrick and William D.Cooper – Modern Electronic Instrumentation
and Measurement Techniques, Prentice Hall of India, 2003.
REFERENCES
1. Joseph J.Carr, Elements of Electronics Instrumentation and Measurement,
Pearson education, 2003.
2. Alan. S. Morris, Principles of Measurements and Instrumentation, Prentice Hall of
India, 2nd
edn., 2003.
3. Ernest O. Doebelin, Measurement Systems- Application and Design-Tata
McGraw-Hill-2004.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 149
IEC532 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING 3 1 0 100
AIM
To study the signal processing methods and processors.
OBJECTIVES
To study DFT and its computation
To study the design techniques for digital filters
To study the finite word length effects in signal processing
To study the non-parametric methods of power spectrum estimations
To study the fundamentals of digital signal processors.
UNIT I FFT 9 + 3
Introduction to DFT – Efficient computation of DFT Properties of DFT – FFT algorithms
– Radix-2 FFT algorithms – Decimation in Time – Decimation in Frequency algorithms –
Use of FFT algorithms in Linear Filtering and correlation.
UNIT II DIGITAL FILTERS DESIGN 9 + 3
Amplitude and phase responses of FIR filters – Linear phase filters – Windowing
techniques for design of Linear phase FIR filters – Rectangular, Hamming, Kaiser
windows – frequency sampling techniques – IIR Filters – Magnitude response – Phase
response – group delay - Design of Low Pass Butterworth filters (low pass) - Bilinear
transformation – prewarping, impulse invariant transformation.
UNIT III FINITE WORD LENGTH EFFECTS 9 + 3
Quantization noise – derivation for quantization noise power – Fixed point and binary
floating point number representation – comparison – over flow error – truncation error –
co-efficient quantization error - limit cycle oscillation – signal scaling – analytical model
of sample and hold operations.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 150
UNIT IV POWER SPECTRUM ESTIMATION 9 + 3
Computation of Energy density spectrum – auto correlation and power spectrum of
random signals. Periodogram – use of DFT in power spectrum estimation – Non
parametric methods for power spectral estimation: Bartlett and Welch methods –
Blackman and Tukey method.
UNIT V DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS 9 + 3
Introduction to DSP architecture – Harvard architecture - Dedicated MAC unit - Multiple
ALUs, Advanced addressing modes, Pipelining, Overview of instruction set of
TMS320C5X and C54X.
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. John G Proakis, Dimtris G Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing Principles,
Algorithms and Application, PHI, 3rd
Edition, 2000,
2. B.Venkataramani & M. Bhaskar, Digital Signal Processor Architecture,
Programming and Application, TMH 2002. (UNIT – V)
REFERENCES
1. Alan V Oppenheim, Ronald W Schafer, John R Back, Discrete Time Signal
Processing, PHI, 2nd
Edition 2000,
2. Avtar singh, S.Srinivasan DSP Implementation using DSP microprocessor with
Examples from TMS32C54XX -Thamson / Brooks cole Publishers, 2003
3. S.Salivahanan, A.Vallavaraj, Gnanapriya, Digital Signal Processing, McGraw-
Hill / TMH, 2000
4. Johny R.Johnson :Introduction to Digital Signal Processing, Prentice Hall, 1984.
5. S.K.Mitra, ―Digital Signal Processing- A Computer based approach‖, Tata
McGraw-Hill, 1998, New Delhi.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 151
IEC533 MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS 3 1 0 100
AIM
To learn the architecture programming and interfacing of microprocessors and
microcontrollers.
OBJECTIVES
To introduce the architecture and programming of 8085 microprocessor.
To introduce the interfacing of peripheral devices with 8085 microprocessor.
To introduce the architecture and programming of 8086 microprocessor.
To introduce the architecture, programming and interfacing of 8051 micro
controller.
UNIT I 8085 CPU 9 + 3
8085 Architecture – Instruction set – Addressing modes – Timing diagrams – Assembly
language programming – Counters – Time Delays – Interrupts – Memory interfacing –
Interfacing, I/O devices.
UNIT II PERIPHERALS INTERFACING 9 + 3
Interfacing Serial I/O (8251)- parallel I/O (8255) –Keyboard and Display controller
(8279) – ADC/DAC interfacing – Inter Integrated Circuits interfacing (I2C Standard)-
Bus: RS232C-RS485-GPIB
UNIT III 8086 CPU 9 + 3
Intel 8086 Internal Architecture – 8086 Addressing modes- Instruction set- 8086
Assembly language Programming–Interrupts.
UNIT IV 8051 MICROCONTROLLER 9 + 3
8051 Micro controller hardware- I/O pins, ports and circuits- External memory –Counters
and Timers-Serial Data I/O- Interrupts-Interfacing to external memory and 8255.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 152
UNIT V 8051 PROGRAMMING AND APPLICATIONS 9 + 3
8051 instruction set – Addressing modes – Assembly language programming – I/O port
programming -Timer and counter programming – Serial Communication – Interrupt
programming –8051 Interfacing: LCD, ADC, Sensors, Stepper Motors, Keyboard and
DAC.
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. Ramesh S Gaonkar, Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and application
with 8085, 4th
Edition, Penram International Publishing, New Delhi, 2000. (Unit I,
II)
2. John Uffenbeck, The 80x86 Family, Design, Programming and Interfacing, Third
Edition. Pearson Education, 2002.
3. Mohammed Ali Mazidi and Janice Gillispie Mazidi, The 8051 Microcontroller
and Embedded Systems, Pearson Education Asia, New Delhi, 2003. (Unit IV, V)
REFERENCES
1. A.K. Ray and K.M.Burchandi, Intel Microprocessors Architecture Programming
and Interfacing, McGraw Hill International Edition, 2000
2. Kenneth J Ayala, The 8051 Microcontroller Architecture Programming and
Application, 2nd
Edition, Penram International Publishers (India), New Delhi,
1996.
3. M. Rafi Quazzaman, Microprocessors Theory and Applications: Intel and
Motorola prentice Hall of India, Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2003.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 153
IEC535 ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS II 3 1 0 100
AIM
The aim of this course is to familiarize the student with the analysis and design of feed
back amplifiers, oscillators, tuned amplifiers, wave shaping circuits, multivibrators and
blocking oscillators.
OBJECTIVES
On completion of this course the student will understand
The advantages and method of analysis of feed back amplifiers
Analysis and design of RC and LC oscillators, tuned amplifiers, wave shaping
circuits, multivibrators, blocking oscillators and time based generators.
UNIT 1 FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS 9 + 3
Block diagram. Loop gain. Gain with feedback. Desensitivity of gain. Distortion
and cut off frequencies with feedback. The four basic feedback topologies and the type of
gain stabilized by each type of feedback. Input and Output resistances with feedback.
Method of identifying feedback topology, feedback factor and basic amplifier
configuration with loading effect of feedback network taken into account. Analysis of
feedback amplifiers. Nyquist criterion for stability of feedback amplifiers.
UNIT II OSCILLATORS 9 + 3
Barkhausen Criterion. Mechanism for start of oscillation and stabilization of
amplitude. Analysis of Oscillator using Cascade connection of one RC and one CR
filters. RC phase shift Oscillator. Wienbridge Oscillator and twin-T Oscillators. Analysis
of LC Oscillators, Colpitts, Hartley, Clapp, Miller and Pierce oscillators. Frequency range
of RC and LC Oscillators. Quartz Crystal Construction. Electrical equivalent circuit of
Crystal. Crystal Oscillator circuits.
UNIT III TUNED AMPLIFIERS 9 + 3
Coil losses, unloaded and loaded Q of tank circuits. Analysis of single tuned and
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 154
synchronously tuned amplifiers. Instability of tuned amplifiers. Stabilization techniques.
Narrow band neutralization using coil. Broad banding using Hazeltine neutralization.
Class C tuned amplifiers and their applications. Efficiency of Class C tuned Amplifier.
UNIT IV WAVE SHAPING AND MULTIVIBRATOR CIRCUITS 9 + 3
RL & RC Integrator and Differentiator circuits. Diode clippers, clampers and
slicers. Collector coupled and Emitter coupled Astable multivibrator. Monostable
multivibrator. Bistable multivibrators. Triggering methods. Storage delay and calculation
of switching times. Speed up capacitors. Schmitt trigger circuit.
UNIT V BLOCKING OSCILLATORS AND TIMEBASE GENERATORS
9 + 3
Monostable and Astable Blocking Oscillators using Emitter and base timing.
Frequency control using core saturation. Pushpull operation of Astable blocking
oscillator i.e., inverters. Pulse transformers. UJT sawtooth generators. Linearization using
constant current circuit. Bootstrap and Miller saw-tooth generators. Current time base
generators.
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. Millman and Halkias. C., ―Integrated Electronics‖, Tata McGraw-Hill 1991,(I,II).
2. Schilling and Belove, "Electronic Circuits", TMH, Third Edition, 2002 (Unit - III)
3. Millman J. and Taub H., "Pulse Digital and Switching waveform", McGraw-Hill
International (UNIT – IV & V)
4. Robert L. Boylestead and Louis Nasheresky, 8th
edn., PHI, 2002.
REFERENCES
1. Sedra / Smith, ―Micro Electronic Circuits‖ Oxford university Press, 2004.
2. David A. Bell, " Solid State Pulse Circuits ", Prentice Hall of India, 1992.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 155
IEC534 TRANSMISSION LINES AND WAVEGUIDES 3 1 0 100
AIM
To lay a strong foundation on the theory of transmission lines and wave guides by
highlighting their applications.
OBJECTIVES
To become familiar with propagation of signals through lines
Understand signal propagation at Radio frequencies
Understand radio propagation in guided systems
To become familiar with resonators
UNIT I TRANSMISSION LINE THEORY 9 + 3
Different types of transmission lines – Definition of Characteristic impedance – The
transmission line as a cascade of T-Sections - Definition of Propagation Constant.
General Solution of the transmission line – The two standard forms for voltage and
current of a line terminated by an impedance – physical significance of the equation and
the infinite line – The two standard forms for the input impedance of a transmission line
terminated by an impedance – meaning of reflection coefficient – wavelength and
velocity of propagation.
Waveform distortion – distortion less transmission line – The telephone cable –
Inductance loading of telephone cables.
Input impedance of lossless lines – reflection on a line not terminated by Zo - Transfer
impedance – reflection factor and reflection loss – T and ∏ Section equivalent to lines.
UNIT II THE LINE AT RADIO FREQUENCIES 9 + 3
Standing waves and standing wave ratio on a line – One eighth wave line – The quarter
wave line and impedance matching – the half wave line.
The circle diagram for the dissipationless line – The Smith Chart – Application of the
Smith Chart – Conversion from impedance to reflection coefficient and vice-versa.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 156
Impedance to Admittance conversion and viceversa – Input impedance of a lossless line
terminated by an impedance – single stub matching and double stub matching.
UNIT III GUIDED WAVES 8 + 3
Waves between parallel planes of perfect conductors – Transverse electric and transverse
magnetic waves – characteristics of TE and TM Waves – Transverse Electromagnetic
waves – Velocities of propagation – component uniform plane waves between parallel
planes – Attenuation of TE and TM waves in parallel plane guides – Wave impedances.
UNIT IV RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDES 9 + 3
Transverse Magnetic Waves in Rectangular Wave guides – Transverse Electric Waves in
Rectangular Waveguides – characteristic of TE and TM Waves – Cutoff wavelength and
phase velocity – Impossibility of TEM waves in waveguides – Dominant mode in
rectangular waveguide – Attenuation of TE and TM modes in rectangular waveguides –
Wave impedances – characteristic impedance – Excitation of modes.
UNIT V CIRCULAR WAVE GUIDES AND RESONATORS 10 + 3
Bessel functions – Solution of field equations in cylindrical co-ordinates – TM and TE
waves in circular guides – wave impedances and characteristic impedance – Dominant
mode in circular waveguide – excitation of modes – Microwave cavities, Rectangular
cavity resonators, circular cavity resonator, semicircular cavity resonator, Q factor of a
cavity resonator for TE101 mode.
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 157
TEXT BOOKS
1. J.D.Ryder ―Networks, Lines and Fields‖, PHI, New Delhi, 2003. (Unit I & II)
2. E.C. Jordan and K.G.Balmain ―Electro Magnetic Waves and Radiating System,
PHI, New Delhi, 2003. (Unit III, IV & V)
REFERENCES
1. Ramo, Whineery and Van Duzer: ―Fields and Waves in Communication
Electronics‖ John Wiley, 2003.
2. David M.Pozar: Microwave Engineering – 2nd
Edition – John Wiley.
3. David K.Cheng,Field and Waves in Electromagnetism, Pearson Education, 1989.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 158
IEC551 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY 0 0 3 50
AIM
To introduce the student to various digital Signal Processing techniques using TMS
320c5x family processors and MATLAB.
OBJECTIVES:
To implement the processing techniques using the instructions of TMS320c5x.
To implement the IIR and FIR filter using MATLAB.
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
USING TMS320C5X
1. Study of various addressing modes of DSP using simple programming examples
2. Sampling of input signal and display
3. Implementation of FIR filter
4. Calculation of FFT
USING MATLAB
1. Generation of Signals
2. Linear and circular convolution of two sequences
3. Sampling and effect of aliasing
4. Design of FIR filters
5. Design of IIR filters
6. Calculation of FFT of a signal
P = 45 Total = 45
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 159
IEC552 MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLERS LAB 0 0 3 50
1. Programs for 8/16 bit Arithmetic operations (Using 8085).
2. Programs for Sorting and Searching (Using 8085, 8086).
3. Programs for String manipulation operations (Using 8086).
4. Programs for Digital clock and Stop watch (Using 8086).
5. Interfacing ADC and DAC.
6. Parallel Communication between two MP Kits using Mode 1 and Mode 2 of
8255.
7. Interfacing and Programming 8279, 8259, and 8253.
8. Serial Communication between two MP Kits using 8251.
9. Interfacing and Programming of Stepper Motor and DC Motor Speed control.
10. Programming using Arithmetic, Logical and Bit Manipulation instructions of
8051microcontroller.
11. Programming and verifying Timer, Interrupts and UART operations in 8031
microcontroller.
12. Communication between 8051 Microcontroller kit and PC.
P = 45 Total = 45
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 160
EC553 ELECTRONICS CIRCUITS - II AND SIMULATION LAB 0 0 3 50
1. Series and Shunt feedback amplifiers:
Frequency response, Input and output impedance calculation
2. Design of RC Phase shift oscillator: Design Wein Bridge Oscillator
3. Design of Hartley and Colpitts Oscilator
4. Tuned Class C
5. Integrators, Differentiators, Clippers and Clampers
6. Design of Astable and Monostable and Bistable multivibrators
SIMULATION USING PSPICE:
1. Differentiate amplifier
2. Active filter : Butterworth IInd
order LPF
3. Astable, Monostable and Bistable multivibrator - Transistor bias
4. D/A and A/D converter (Successive approximation)
5. Analog multiplier
6. CMOS Inventor, NAND and NOR
P = 45 Total = 45
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 161
IEC631 NUMERICAL METHODS 3 1 0 100
AIM
With the present development of the computer technology, it is necessary to develop
efficient algorithms for solving problems in science, engineering and technology. This
course gives a complete procedure for solving different kinds of problems occur in
engineering numerically.
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the course, the students would be acquainted with the basic concepts in
numerical methods ,
The roots of nonlinear (algebraic or transcendental) equations, solutions of large
system of linear equations and eigenvalue problem of a matrix can be obtained
numerically where analytical methods fail to give solution.
When huge amounts of experimental data are involved, the methods discussed on
interpolation will be useful in constructing approximate polynomial to represent
the data and to find the intermediate values.
The numerical differentiation and integration find application when the function
in the analytical form is too complicated or the huge amounts of data are given
such as series of measurements, observations or some other empirical
information.
Since many physical laws are couched in terms of rate of change of one/two or
more independent variables, most of the engineering problems are characterized
in the form of either nonlinear ordinary differential equations or partial
differential equations. The methods introduced in the solution of ordinary
differential equations and partial differential equations will be useful in
attempting any engineering problem.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 162
UNIT I SOLUTION OF EQUATIONS AND EIGENVALUE PROBLEMS
9+3
Linear interpolation methods (method of false position) – Newton‘s method – Statement
of Fixed Point Theorem – Fixed point iteration: x=g(x) method – Solution of linear
system by Gaussian elimination and Gauss-Jordon methods- Iterative methods: Gauss
Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel methods- Inverse of a matrix by Gauss Jordon method –
Eigenvalue of a matrix by power method.
UNIT II INTERPOLATION AND APPROXIMATION 9+ 3
Lagrangian Polynomials – Divided differences – Interpolating with a cubic spline –
Newton‘s forward and backward difference formulas.
UNIT III NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION AND INTEGRATION 9+ 3
Derivatives from difference tables – Divided differences and finite differences –
Numerical integration by trapezoidal and Simpson‘s 1/3 and 3/8 rules – Romberg‘s
method – Two and Three point Gaussian quadrature formulas – Double integrals using
trapezoidal and Simpson‘s rules.
UNIT IV INITIAL VALUE PROBLEMS FOR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL
EQUATIONS 9+ 3
Single step methods: Taylor series method – Euler and modified Euler methods – Fourth
order Runge – Kutta method for solving first and second order equations – Multistep
methods: Milne‘s and Adam‘s predictor and corrector methods.
UNIT V BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS IN ORDINARY AND PARTIAL
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 9+ 3
Finite difference solution of second order ordinary differential equation – Finite
difference solution of one dimensional heat equation by explicit and implicit methods –
One dimensional wave equation and two dimensional Laplace and Poisson equations.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 163
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. Gerald, C.F, and Wheatley, P.O, ―Applied Numerical Analysis‖, Sixth Edition,
Pearson Education Asia, New Delhi, 2002.
2. Balagurusamy, E., ―Numerical Methods‖, Tata McGraw-Hill Pub.Co.Ltd, New
Delhi, 1999.
REFERENCES
1. Kandasamy, P., Thilagavathy, K. and Gunavathy, K., ―Numerical Methods‖,
S.Chand Co. Ltd., New Delhi, 2003.
2. Burden, R.L and Faires, T.D., ―Numerical Analysis‖, Seventh Edition, Thomson
Asia Pvt. Ltd., Singapore, 2002.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 164
IEC632 COMMUNICATION THEORY 3 1 0 100
AIM
To study the various analog communication fundamentals viz., Amplitude modulation
and demodulation, angle modulation and demodulation. Noise performance of various
receivers and information theory with source coding theorem are also dealt.
OBJECTIVE
To provide various Amplitude modulation and demodulation systems.
To provide various Angle modulation and demodulation systems.
To provide some depth analysis in noise performance of various receiver.
To study some basic information theory with some channel coding theorem.
UNIT I AMPLITUDE MODULATIONS 9 + 3
Generation and demodulation of AM, DSB-SC, SSB-SC, VSB Signals, Filtering of
sidebands, Comparison of Amplitude modulation systems, Frequency translation,
Frequency Division multiplexing, AM transmitters – Superhetrodyne receiver, AM
receiver.
UNIT II ANGLE MODULATION 9 + 3
Angle modulation, frequency modulation, Narrowband and wideband FM, transmission
bandwidth of FM signals, Generation of FM signal – Direct FM – indirect FM,
Demodulation of FM signals, FM stereo multiplexing, PLL – Nonlinear model and linear
model of PLL, Non-linear effects in FM systems, FM Broadcast receivers, FM stereo
receives.
UNIT III NOISE PERFORMANCE OF DSB, SSB RECEIVERS 9 + 3
Noise – Shot noise, thermal noise, White noise, Noise equivalent Bandwidth,
Narrowband noise, Representation of Narrowband noise in terms of envelope and phase
components, Sine wave plus Narrowband Noise, Receiver model, Noise in DSB-SC
receiver, Noise in SSB receiver
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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UNIT IV NOISE PERFORMANCE OF AM AND FM RECEIVERS 9 + 3
Noise in AM receivers threshold effect, Noise in FM receivers capture effect, FM
threshold effect, FM threshold reduction, Pre-emphasis and de-emphasis in FM,
Comparison of performance of AM and FM systems.
UNIT V INFORMATION THEORY 9 + 3
Uncertainty, Information and entropy, Source coding theorem, Data compaction, Discrete
memory less channels, mutual information, channel capacity, channel coding theorem,
Differential entropy, and mutual information for continuous ensembles, information
capacity theorem, implication of the information capacity theorem, rate distortion theory,
Compression of information.
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
TEXT BOOK
1. Simon Haykin, Communication Systems, John Wiley & sons, NY, 4th
Edition,
2001.
REFERENCES
1. Roddy and Coolen, Electronic communication, PHI, New Delhi, 4th
Edition,
2003.
2. Taub and Schilling, Principles of communication systems, TMH, New Delhi,
1995.
3. Bruce Carlson et al, Communication systems, McGraw-Hill Int., 4th
Edition,
2002.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 166
IEC633 CONTROL SYSTEMS 3 1 0 100
AIM
To familiarize the students with concepts related to the operation analysis and
stabilization of control systems
OBJECTIVES
To understand the open loop and closed loop (feedback ) systems
To understand time domain and frequency domain analysis of control systems
required for stability analysis.
To understand the compensation technique that can be used to stabilize control
systems
UNIT I CONTROL SYSTEM MODELLING 9 + 3
System concept, differential equations and transfer functions. Modelling of electric
systems, translational and rotational mechanical systems, Simple electromechanical
systems.
Block diagram representation of systems – Block diagram reduction methods – Closed
loop transfer function, determination of signal flow graph. Mason‘s gain formula –
Examples.
UNIT II TIME DOMAIN ANALYSIS 9 + 3
Test signals – time response of first order and second order systems – time domain
specifications – types and order of systems – generalised error co-efficients – steady state
errors – concepts of stability – Routh-Hurwitz stability – root locus.
UNIT III FREQUENCY DOMAIN ANALYSIS 9 + 3
Introduction – correlation between time and frequency response – stability analysis using
Bode plots, Polar plots, Nichols chart and Nyquist stability criterion – Gain margin –
phase margin.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 167
UNIT IV COMPENSATORS 9 + 3
Realization of basic compensators – cascade compensation in time domain and frequency
domain and feedback compensation – design of lag, lead, lag-lead compensator using
Bode plot and Root locus. Introduction to P, PI and PID controllers.
UNIT V CONTROL SYSTEM COMPONENTS AND APPLICATION OF
CONTROL SYSTEMS 9 + 3
Stepper motors – AC servo motor – DC servo motor – Synchros – sensors and encoders –
DC tacho generator – AC tacho generator – Hydraulic controller – Pneumatic controller –
Typical application of control system in industry.
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. Ogata.K, Modern Control Engineering, Prentice Hall of India, 4th
Edition, 2003
(UNIT I – IV)
2. Nagrath & Gopal, Control System Engineering, 3rd
Edition, New Age
International Edition, 2002. (UNIT V)
REFERENCES
1. Benjamin.C.Kuo, Automatic Control Systems, 7th
Edition – Prentice Hall of India,
2002.
2. M.Gopal, Control Systems, Tata McGraw-Hill, 1997
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 168
IEC634 ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION 3 1 0 100
AIM
To enable the student to study the various types of antennas and wave propagation.
OBJECTIVES
To study radiation from a current element.
To study antenna arrays
To study aperture antennas
To learn special antennas such as frequency independent and broad band
antennas.
To study radio wave propagation.
UNIT I RADIATION FIELDS OF WIRE ANTENNAS 9 + 3
Concept of vector potential. Modification for time varying, retarded case. Fields
associated with Hertzian dipole. Power radiated and radiation resistance of current
element. Radiation resistance of elementary dipole with linear current distribution.
Radiation from half-wave dipole and quarter-wave monopole. Assumed current
distribution for wire antennas. Use of capacity hat and loading coil for short antennas.
UNIT II ANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS AND ANTENNA ARRAYS 9 + 3
Definitions: Radiation intensity. Directive gain. Directivity. Power gain. Beam Width.
Band Width. Gain and radiation resistance of current element. Half-wave dipole and
folded dipole. Reciprocity principle. Effective length and Effective area. Relation
between gain effective length and radiation resistance.
Loop Antennas: Radiation from small loop and its radiation resistance. Radiation from a
loop with circumference equal to a wavelength and resultant circular polarization on axis.
Helical antenna. Normal mode and axial mode operation.
Antenna Arrays: Expression for electric field from two and three element arrays.
Uniform linear array. Method of pattern multiplication. Binomial array. Use of method of
images for antennas above ground.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 169
UNIT III TRAVELLING WAVE (WIDEBAND) ANTENNAS 9 + 3
Radiation from a traveling wave on a wire. Analysis of Rhombic antenna. Design of
Rhombic antennas.
Coupled Antennas: Self and mutual impedance of antennas. Two and three element
Yagi antennas. Log periodic antenna. Reason for feeding from end with shorter dipoles
and need for transposing the lines. Effects of decreasing α.
UNIT IV APERTURE AND LENS ANTENNAS. 9 + 3
Radiation from an elemental area of a plane wave (Huygen‘s Source). Radiation from the
open end of a coaxial line. Radiation from a rectangular aperture treated as an array of
Huygen‘s sources. Equivalence of fields of a slot and complementary dipole. Relation
between dipole and slot impedances. Method of feeding slot antennas. Thin slot in an
infinite cylinder. Field on the axis of an E-Plane sectoral horn. Radiation from circular
aperture. Beam Width and Effective area.
Reflector type of antennas (dish antennas). Dielectric lens and metal plane lens antennas.
Lumeberg lens. Spherical waves and Biconical antenna.
UNIT V PROPAGATION 9 + 3
The three basic types of propagation; ground wave, space wave and sky wave
propagation.
Sky wave propagation: Structure of the ionosphere. Effective dielectric constant of
ionized region. Mechanism of refraction. Refractive index. Critical frequency. Skip
distance. Effect of earth‘s magnetic field. Energy loss in the ionosphere due to collisions.
Maximum usable frequency. Fading and Diversity reception.
Space wave propagation: Reflection from ground for vertically and horizontally
polarized waves. Reflection characteristics of earth. Resultant of direct and reflected ray
at the receiver. Duct propagation.
Ground wave propagation: Attenuation characteristics for ground wave propagation.
Calculation of field strength at a distance.
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 170
TEXTBOOK
1. E.C.Jordan and Balmain, "Electro Magnetic Waves and Radiating Systems", PHI,
1968, Reprint 2003.
REFERENCES
1. John D.Kraus and Ronalatory Marhefka, "Antennas", Tata McGraw-Hill Book
Company, 2002.
2. R.E.Collins, 'Antennas and Radio Propagation ", McGraw-Hill, 1987.
3. Ballany , "Antenna Theory " , John Wiley & Sons, second edition , 2003.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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IEC635 MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION 3 1 0 100
AIM
To introduce the concept of measurement and the related instrumentation requirement as
a vital ingredient of electronics and communication engineering.
OBJECTIVE
To learn
Basic measurement concepts
Concepts of electronic measurements
Importance of signal generators and signal analysers in measurements
Relevance of digital instruments in measurements
The need for data acquisition systems
Measurement techniques in optical domains.
UNIT I BASIC MEASUREMENT CONCEPTS 9 + 3
Measurement systems – Static and dynamic characteristics – units and standards
of measurements – error analysis – moving coil, moving iron meters – multimeters –
True RMS meters – Bridge measurements – Maxwell, Hay, Schering, Anderson and
Wien bridge.
UNIT II BASIC ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS 9 + 3
Electronic multimeters – Cathode ray oscilloscopes – block schematic –
applications – special oscilloscopes – Q meters – Vector meters – RF voltage and power
measurements.
UNIT III SIGNAL GENERATORS AND ANALYZERS 9 + 3
Function generators – RF signal generators – Sweep generators – Frequency
synthesizer – wave analyzer – Harmonic distortion analyzer – spectrum analyzer.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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UNIT IV DIGITAL INSTRUMENTS 9 + 3
Comparison of analog and digital techniques – digital voltmeter – multimeters –
frequency counters – measurement of frequency and time interval – extension of
frequency range – measurement errors.
UNIT V DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS AND FIBER OPTIC
MEASUREMENTS 9 + 3
Elements of a digital data acquisition system – interfacing of transducers –
multiplexing – computer controlled instrumentation – IEEE 488 bus – fiber optic
measurements for power and system loss – optical time domains reflectometer.
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
TEXT BOOK
1. Albert D.Helfrick and William D.Cooper – Modern Electronic Instrumentation
and Measurement Techniques, Prentice Hall of India, 2003.
REFERENCES
4. Joseph J.Carr, Elements of Electronics Instrumentation and Measurement,
Pearson education, 2003.
5. Alan. S. Morris, Principles of Measurements and Instrumentation, Prentice Hall of
India, 2nd
edn., 2003.
6. Ernest O. Doebelin, Measurement Systems- Application and Design-Tata
McGraw-Hill-2004.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 173
IEC636 COMPUTER NETWORKS 3 1 0 100
AIM
To introduce the concept, terminologies, and technologies used in modern data
communication and computer networking.
OBJECTIVES
To introduce the students the functions of different layers.
To introduce IEEE standard employed in computer networking.
To make students to get familiarized with different protocols and network
components.
UNIT I DATA COMMUNICATIONS 8 + 3
Components – Direction of Data flow – networks – Components and Categories – types
of Connections – Topologies –Protocols and Standards – ISO / OSI model –
Transmission Media – Coaxial Cable – Fiber Optics – Line Coding – Modems – RS232
Interfacing sequences.
UNIT II DAT LINK LAYER 12 + 3
Error – detection and correction – Parity – LRC – CRC – Hamming code – Flow Control
and Error control: stop and wait – go back N ARQ – selective repeat ARQ- sliding
window techniques – HDLC.
LAN: Ethernet IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.4, and IEEE 802.5 – IEEE 802.11–FDDI, SONET
– Bridges.
UNIT III NETWORK LAYER 10 + 3
Internetworks - Packet Switching and Datagram approach – IP addressing methods –
Subnetting – Routing – Distance Vector Routing – Link State Routing – Routers.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 174
UNIT IV TRANSPORT LAYER 8 + 3
Duties of transport layer – Multiplexing – Demultiplexing – Sockets – User Datagram
Protocol (UDP) – Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) – Congestion Control – Quality
of services (QOS) – Integrated Services.
UNIT V APPLICATION LAYER 7 + 3
Domain Name Space (DNS) – SMTP, FDP, HTTP, WWW – Security – Cryptography.
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. Behrouz A. Foruzan, ―Data communication and Networking‖, Tata McGraw-Hill,
2004.
REFERENCES
2. James .F. Kurouse & W. Rouse, ―Computer Networking: A Topdown Approach
Featuring‖, Pearson Education.
3. Larry L.Peterson & Peter S. Davie, ―COMPUTER NETWORKS‖, Harcourt Asia
Pvt. Ltd., Second Edition.
4. Andrew S. Tannenbaum, ―Computer Networks‖, PHI, Fourth Edition, 2003.
5. William Stallings, ―Data and Computer Communication‖, Sixth Edition, Pearson
Education, 2000.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 175
IEC651 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM LABORATORY 0 0 3 50
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1 Radiation pattern of Halfwave dipole Antenna
2. Radiation pattern of yagi Antenna
3. Radiation pattern of loop Antenna
4. Characteristics of AM receiver (Selectivity & Sensitivity)
5. Characteristics of FM receiver (Selectivity & Sensitivity)
6. Sampling & time division multiplexing
7. Pulse modulation- PAM / PWM /PPM
8. Pulse code modulation
9. Line coding & Decoding
10. Delta modulation / Differential pulse code modulation
11. Digital modulation –ASK, PSK, QPSK, FSK
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 176
IEC652 NETWORKS LABORATORY 0 0 3 50
1. PC to PC Communication
Parallel Communication using 8 bit parallel cable
Serial communication using RS 232C
2. Ethernet LAN protocol
To create scenario and study the performance of CSMA/CD protocol ethrol
simulation
3. Token bus and token ring protocols
To create scenario and study the performance of token bus and token ring
protocols through simulation
4. Wireless LAN protocols
To create scenario and study the performance of network with CSMA / CA
protocol and compare with CSMA/CD protocols.
5. Implementation and study of stop and wait protocol
6. Implementation and study of Goback-N and selective ret protocols
7. Implementation of distance vector routing algorithm
8. Implementation of Link state routing algorithm
9. Implementation of Data encryption and decryption
10. Transfer of files from PC to PC using Windows / Unix socket processing
P = 45 Total = 45
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 177
IEC653 CONTROL SYSTEM LAB 0 0 3 50
1. DC power supply design using buck – boost converters
Design the buck-boost converter for the given input voltage variation, load current
and output voltage. Plot the regulation characteristics.
2. DC power supply design using fly back converter (Isolated type)
Design the fly back converter using ferrite core transformer for the given input
voltage variation load current and output voltage.
Plot the regulation characteristics.
3. Design of a 4-20mA transmitter for a bridge type transducer.
Design the Instrumentation amplifier with the bridge type transducer (Thermistor
or any resistance variation transducers) and convert the amplified voltage from
the instrumentation amplifier to 4 – 20 mA current using op-amp. Plot the
variation of the temperature Vs output current.
4. Design of AC/DC voltage regulator using SCR
Design a phase controlled voltage regulator using full wave rectifier and SCR,
vary the conduction angle and plot the output voltage.
5. Design of process control timer
Design a sequential timer to switch on & off at least 3 relays in a particular
sequence using timer IC.
6. Design of AM / FM modulator / demodulator
i. Design AM signal using multiplier IC for the given carrier frequency and
modulation index and demodulate the AM signal using envelope detector.
ii. Design FM signal using VCO IC NE566 for the given carrier frequency
and demodulate the same using PLL NE 565.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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7. Design of Wireless date modem.
Design a FSK modulator using 555 and convert it to sine wave using filter and
transmit the same using IR LED and demodulate the same PLL NE 565.
8. PCB layout design using CAD.
Drawing the schematic of simple electronic circuit and design of PCB layout
using CAD.
9. Microcontroller based systems design
Design of microcontroller based system for simple applications like security
systems combination lock etc. using 89c series flash micro controller.
10. DSP based system design
Design a DSP based system for simple applications like echo generation, etc.
using TMS 320 DSP kit.
P = 45 Total = 45
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 179
IEC731 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION 3 1 0 100
AIM
To introduce the basic concepts of Digital Communication modulation to baseband,
passband modulation and to give an exposure to error control coding and finally to
discuss about the spread spectrum modulation schemes.
OBJECTIVES
To study pulse modulation and discuss the process of sampling, quantization and
coding that are fundamental to the digital transmission of analog signals.
To learn baseband pulse transmission, which deals with the transmission of pulse-
amplitude, modulated signals in their baseband form.
To learn error control coding which encompasses techniques for the encoding and
decoding of digital data streams for their reliable transmission over noisy
channels.
UNIT I PULSE MODULATION 9 + 3
Sampling process –PAM- other forms of pulse modulation –Bandwidth –Noise trade off
–Quantization –PCM- Noise considerations in PCM Systems-TDM- Digital multiplexers-
Virtues, Limitation and modification of PCM-Delta modulation –Linear prediction –
differential pulse code modulation – Adaptive Delta Modulation.
UNIT II BASEBAND PULSE TRANSMISSION 9 + 3
Matched Filter- Error Rate due to noise –Intersymbol Interference- Nyquist‘s criterion for
Distortionless Base band Binary Transmission- Correlative level coding –Baseb and M-
ary PAM transmission –Adaptive Equalization –Eye patterns.
UNIT III PASSBAND DATA TRANSMISSION 9 + 3
Introduction – Pass band Transmission model- Generation, Detection, Signal space
diagram, bit error probability and Power spectra of BPSK, QPSK, FSK and MSK
schemes –Differential phase shift keying – Comparison of Digital modulation systems
using a single carrier – Carrier and symbol synchronization.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 180
UNIT IV ERROR CONTROL CODING 9 + 3
Discrete memoryless channels – Linear block codes - Cyclic codes - Convolutional codes
– Maximum likelihood decoding of convolutional codes-Viterbi Algorithm, Trellis coded
Modulation, Turbo codes.
UNIT V SPREAD SPECTRUM MODULATION 9 + 3
Pseudo- noise sequences –a notion of spread spectrum – Direct sequence spread spectrum
with coherent binary phase shift keying – Signal space Dimensionality and processing
gain –Probability of error – Frequency –hop spread spectrum –Maximum length and
Gold codes.
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. Simon Haykins, ―Communication Systems‖ John Wiley, 4th
Edition, 2001
REFERENCES
1. Sam K.Shanmugam ―Analog & Digital Communication‖ John Wiley.
2. John G.Proakis, ―Digital Communication‖ McGraw Hill 3rd
Edition, 1995
3. Taub & Schilling , ―Principles of Digital Communication ― Tata McGraw-Hill‖
28th
reprint, 2003
4. Bernard's.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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IEC732 SATELLITE COMMUNICATION 3 0 0 100
UNIT I ORBITAL MECHANICS 9
Kepler's laws of motion, Orbits, Orbit Equations, Orbit Description, Locating the Satellite
in the Orbit and with Respect to Earth, Orbital Elements-Look Angle Determination and
Visibility - Orbital Perturbations, Orbit Determination, Launch Vehicles, Orbital Effects
in Communication System - Performance Attitude control; Satellite launch vehicles.
spectrum allocations for satellite systems.
UNIT II SPACECRAFT SUB SYSTEMS AND EARTH STATION 9
Spacecraft Subsystems, Altitude and Orbit Control, Telemetry and Tracking, Power
Systems, Communication Subsystems, Transponders, Antennas, Equipment Reliability,
Earth Stations, Example of payloads of operating and planned systems.
UNIT III SPACE LINKS 9
The Space Link, Satellite Link Design - Satellite uplink -down link power Budget, Basic
Transmission Theory, System Noise Temp, G/T Ratio, Noise Figure, Downlink Design,
Design of Satellite Links for Specified C/N - Microwave Propagation on Satellite-Earth
Paths. Interference between satellite circuits, Energy Dispersal, propagation
characteristics of fixed and mobile satellite links.
UNIT IV MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES AND NETWORK ASPECTS
9
Single access vs. multiple access (MA). Classical MA techniques: FDMA, TDMA.
Single channel per carrier (SCPC) access - Code division multiple access (CDMA).
Demand assignment techniques. Examples of MA techniques for existing and planned
systems (e.g. the satellite component of UMTS).Mobile satellite network design, ATM
via satellite. TCP/IP via satellite - Call control, handover and call set up procedures.
Hybrid satellite-terrestrial networks
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 182
UNIT V SERVICES AND APPLICATIONS 9
Fixed and mobile services - Multimedia satellite services - Advanced applications based
on satellite platforms - INTELSAT series - INSAT, VSAT, Remote Sensing - Mobile
satellite service: GSM. GPS, INMARSAT, Navigation System, Direct to Home service
(DTH), Special services, E-mail, Video conferencing and Internet connectivity
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES
1. Dennis Roddy, ―Satellite Communications‖, Third Edition, Mc Graw Hill International
Editions, 2001
2. Bruce R.Elbert, "The Satellite Communication Applications Hand Book, Artech House
Boston,1997.
3. Wilbur L.Pritchard, Hendri G.Suyderhood, Robert A.Nelson,"Satellite Communication
Systems Engineering", II Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1993
4. Tri T.Ha, "Digital satellite communication", 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill, New
york.1990
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 183
IEC733 OPTICAL NETWORKING 3 1 0 100
AIM
To introduce the various optical fiber modes, configurations and various signal
degradation factors associated with optical fiber.
To study about various optical sources and optical detectors and their use in the
optical communication system. Finally to discuss about digital transmission and
its associated parameters on system performance.
OBJECTIVES
To learn the basic elements of optical fiber transmission link, fiber modes
configurations and structures.
To understand the different kind of losses, signal distortion in optical wave guides
and other signal degradation factors. Design optimization of SM fibers, RI profile
and cut-off wave length.
UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO OPTICAL FIBERS 9 + 3
Evolution of fiber optic system- Element of an Optical Fiber Transmission link- Ray
Optics-Optical Fiber Modes and Configurations –Mode theory of Circular Wave guides-
Overview of Modes-Key Modal concepts- Linearly Polarized Modes –Single Mode
Fibers-Graded Index fiber structure.
UNIT II SIGNAL DEGRADATION OPTICAL FIBERS 9 + 3
Attenuation – Absorption losses, Scattering losses, Bending Losses, Core and Cladding
losses, Signal Distortion in Optical Wave guides-Information Capacity determination –
Group Delay-Material Dispersion, Wave guide Dispersion, Signal distortion in SM
fibers-Polarization Mode dispersion, Intermodal dispersion, Pulse Broadening in GI
fibers-Mode Coupling –Design Optimization of SM fibers-RI profile and cut-off
wavelength.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 184
UNIT III DIGITAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM 9 + 3
Point-to-Point links System considerations –Link Power budget –Rise - time budget –
Noise Effects on System Performance-Operational Principles of WDM, Solitons-Erbium-
doped Amplifiers. Basic on concepts of SONET/SDH Network. .
UNIT IV OPTICAL NETWORKING COMPONENTS 9 + 3
First- and second-generation optical networks, Components: couplers, isolators,
circulators, multiplexers, filters, amplifiers, switches, and wavelength converters.
UNIT V OPTICAL NETWORKS 9 + 3
Integration of TDM signals, Layers, Framing, Multiplexing, Network elements,
Topologies, Protection architectures, Ring architectures, Network Management. SDM,
TDM, and WDM approaches, Application areas, Optical TDM Networks: Multiplexing
and demultiplexing, Synchronization.
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
TEXT BOOK
1. Gerd Keiser, ―Optical Fiber Communication‖ McGraw –Hill International,
Singapore, 3rd
ed., 2000
2. Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar Sivarajan, Optical Networks: A practical
perspective, Morgan Kaufmann, 2nd
edition, 2001.
REFERENCES
1. J.Senior, ―Optical Communication, Principles and Practice‖, Prentice Hall of India,
1994.
2. J.Gower, ―Optical Communication System‖, Prentice Hall of India, 2001.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 185
3. Vivek Alwayn, Optical Network Design and Implementation, Pearson Education,
2004.
4. Hussein T.Mouftab and Pin-Han Ho, Optical Networks: Architecture and
Survivability, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.
5. Biswanath Mukherjee, Optical Communication Networks, McGraw Hill, 1997
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 186
IEC734 MICROWAVE CIRCUITS 3 1 0 100
Aim
To enable the student to become familiar with microwave devices & components used in
Microwave communication systems.
Objectives
To study passive microwave components and their S- Parameters.
To study Microwave semiconductor devices & applications.
To study Microwave measurements.
UNIT I 9 + 3
Microwave Frequencies, Microwave Devices, Microwave Systems, Microwave Units of
Measure, Microwave Hybrid Circuits, Waveguide Tees, Magic Tees (Hybrid Trees),
Hybrid Rings (Rat-Race Circuits), Waveguide Corners, Bends and Twists, Directional
Couplers, Two-Hole Directional Couplers, Z & ABCD Parameters- Introduction to S
parameters, S Matrix of a Directional Coupler, Hybrid Couplers, Circulators and
Isolators, Microwave Circulators, Microwave Isolators.
UNIT II MICROWAVE SOLID-STATE DEVICES & MICS 9 + 3
Microwave Tubes: Limitation of Conventional Active Devices at Microwave frequency,
Two Cavity Klystron, Reflex Klystron, Magnetron, Traveling Wave Tube, Solid state
amplifiers and oscillators: Microwave Bipolar Transistor, Microwave tunnel diode,
Microwave Field-effect Transistor, Transferred electron devices, Avalanche Transit –
time devices: IMPATT Diode, TRAPPAT Diode,
UNIT III TECHNOLOGY OF MICS 9 + 3
Dielectric substrates - thick film technology and materials - thin film technology and
materials Processes involved in fabrication – epitaxial growth of semiconductor layer –
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 187
growth of dielectric layer – diffusion-ion implantation – electron beam technology.
UNIT IV ANALYSIS OF MICROSTRIP LINE 9 + 3
Methods of conformal transformation – numerical method for analysis – hybrid mode
analysis – coupled mode analysis- method of images – losses in miscrostrips.
UNIT V MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS: 9 + 3
Slotted line VSWR measurement, VSWR through return loss measurements, power
measurement, impedance measurement insertion loss and attenuation measurements-
measurement of scattering parameters – Measurement of 1 dB, dielectric constant
measurement of a solid using waveguide
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. Samuel Y.Liao : Microwave Devices and Circuits – Prentice Hall of India – 3rd
Edition (2003)
2. Annapurna Das and Sisir K.Das: Microwave Engineering – Tata McGraw-Hill
(2000) (UNIT V)
REFERENCES
1. R.E. Collin : Foundations for Microwave Engg. – IEEE Press Second Edition
(2002)
2. David M.Pozar : Microwave Engg. – John Wiley & Sons – 2nd
Edition (2003)
3. P.A.Rizzi – Microwave Engg. (Passive ckts) – PH1
4. Gupta,K.C, and Amarjit singh – ―Microwave Integrated Circuits‖ – John Wiley
and sons – Wiley Eastern Reprint, 1978.
5. Hoffmann, R.K – ―Handbook of Microwave Integrated Circuits‖ – Artech House,
1987.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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IEC734 ADVANCED RADIATION SYSTEMS 3 0 0 100
UNIT I CONCEPTS OF RADIATION 9
Retarded vector potentials – Heuristic approach and Maxwell‘s equation approach. The
Lorentz gauge condition. Vector potential in Phasor form. Fields radiated by an
alternating current element. Total power radiated and radiation resistance. Radiation from
Half wave dipole from assumed current distribution. Power radiated in the farfield.
Electric vector potential F for a magnetic current source M. Far zone fields due to
magnetic source M.
UNIT II ANTENNA ARRAYS 9
N element linear arrays – uniform amplitude and spacing. Phased arrays. Directivity of
Broadside and End fire arrays. Three dimensional characteristics. Binomial arrays and
Dolph-Tchebycheff arrays. Circular array. Antenna Synthesis- Line source and
discretization of continuous sources. Schelkunoff polynomial method. Fourier transform
method.
UNIT III APERTURE ANTENNAS 9
Magnetic current – Duality. Electric and Magnetic current sheets as sources. Huyghens
source. Radiation through an aperture in an absorbing screen. Fraunhoffer and Fresnel
diffraction. Cornu Spiral. Complimentary screens and slot antennas. Slot and dipoles as
dual antennas. Babinets principle. Fourier transform in aperture antenna theory.
UNIT IV HORN , MICROSTRIP , REFLECTOR ANTENNAS 9
E and H plane sectoral Horns. Pyramidal horns. Conical and corrugated Horns.
Multimode horns. Phase center. Microstrip antennas – feeding methods. Rectangular
patch- Transmission line model. Parabolic Reflector antennas – Prime focus and
cassegrain reflectors. Equivalent focal length of Cassegrain antennas. Spillover and
taper efficiencies. Optimum illumination.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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UNIT V ANTENNA POLARIZATION 9
Simple relationship involving spherical triangles. Linear, Elliptical and circular
polarization. Development of the Poincare sphere. Representation of the state of
polarization in the Poincare sphere. Random polarization – Stokes parameters.
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES
1. Balanis, C.A., ―Antenna Theory‖ Wiley,2003
2. Jordan, E.C., ― Electromagnetic waves and Radiating systems‖. PHI 2003
3. Krauss, J.D., ― Radio Astronomy‖ McGraw-Hill 1966, for the last unit (reprints
available)
4. Krauss, J.D.,, Fleisch,D.A., ―Electromagnetics‖ McGraw-Hill,1999
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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IEC751 MICROWAVE LABORATORY 0 0 4 100
1. Study of wave guide components.
2. To study the characteristics of reflex Klystron and determine its timing range.
3. To measure frequency of microwave source and demonstrate relationship among
guide dimensions, free space wave length and guide wavelength.
4. To measure VSWR of unknown load and determine its impedance using a smith
chart.
5. To match impedance for maximum power transfer using slide screw tuner.
6. To measure VSWR, insertion losses and attenuation of a fixed and variable
attenuator.
7. To measure coupling and directivity of direction couplers.
8. To measure insertion loss, isolation of a three port circulator
9. To measure the Q of a resonant cavity.
10. To study the V-I characteristics of GUNN diode
P = 45 Total = 45
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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IEC752 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION LAB 0 0 3 50
Experiments pertaining to Fiber optics, Optical Communication and Fiber optic
sensors:
1. Numerical aperture determination for fibers and Attenuation Measurement in
Fibers.
2. Mode Characteristics of Fibres – SM Fibres.
3. Coupling Fibers to Semi-Conductor Sources – Connectors & Splices.
4. Fiber optic communication links.
5. LED & Photo Diode Characteristics.
Microwave experiments
1. VSWR Measurements – Determination of terminated impedance
2. Determination of guide wavelength, frequency measurement.
3. Radiation Pattern of Horns, Paraboloids.
4. Microwave Power Measurement.
5. Characteristics of Gunn diode Oscillator.
P = 45 Total = 45
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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IEC753 RF LABORATORY 0 0 3 50
EXPERIMENTS
Note: The required experiments can be chosen from the following experiments:
I. Experiments on Antenna:
To plot and analyse the radiation patterns of the following antennas.
1. Dipole
2. Half Wave Dipole
3. Monopole
4. Yagi Antenna
5. Boardside array
6. Endfire array
7. Loop Antenna
8. Crossed Dipole
9. Lock Periodic Antenna
10. Slot Antenna
11. Helix Antenna
12. Microstrip Antenna
II. Experiments on Coaxial Line Section:
1. Measurement of VSWR
2. Measurement of unknown impedance
3. Stub matching
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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III. Design and Testing of RF Circuits:
1. RF Tuned Amplifier
2. RF Oscillator
3. RF Crystal Oscillator
4. IF Amplifier
5. RF Mixer
6. RF Filters (LP, HP, BP, Notch Filter)
IV. Study of Ferrite Devices / Components:
P = 45 Total = 45
REFERENCE:
1. Joseph J. Carr, ―Secrets of RF Circuit Design‖, Third Edition, McGraw – Hill.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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IEC831 WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 3 1 0 100
AIM
To introduce the concepts of wireless / mobile communication using cellular
environment. To make the students to know about the various modulation techniques,
propagation methods, coding and multi access techniques used in the mobile
communication. Various wireless network systems and standards are to be introduced.
Objectives
It deals with the fundamental cellular radio concepts such as frequency reuse and
handoff. This also demonstrates the principle of trunking efficiency and how
trunking and interference issues between mobile and base stations combine to
affect the overall capacity of cellular systems.
It presents different ways to radio propagation models and predict the large –
scale effects of radio propagation in many operating environment. This also
covers small propagation effects such as fading, time delay spread and Doppler
spread and describes how to measures and model the impact that signal bandwidth
and motion have on the instantaneous received signal through the multi-path
channel.
It provides idea about analog and digital modulation techniques used in wireless
communication. It also deals with the different types of equalization techniques
and diversity concepts.
It provides an introduction to speech coding principles which have driven the
development of adaptive pulse code modulation and linear predictive coding
techniques are presented. This unit also describes the time, frequency code
division multiple access techniques as well as more recent multiple access
technique such as space division multiple access.
It deals with second generation and third generation wireless networks and
worldwide wireless standards.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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UNIT I CELLULAR CONCEPT AND SYSTEM DESIGN
FUNDAMENTALS 9 + 3
Introduction to wireless communication: Evolution of mobile communications, mobile
radio systems- Examples, trends in cellular radio and personal communications.
Cellular Concept: Frequency reuse, channel assignment, hand off, Interference and
system capacity, tracking and grade of service, Improving Coverage and capacity in
Cellular systems.
UNIT II MOBILE RADIO PROPAGATION 9 + 3
Free space propagation model, reflection, diffraction, scattering, link budget design,
Outdoor Propagation models, Indoor propagation models, Small scale Multipath
propagation, Impulse model, Small scale Multipath measurements, parameters of Mobile
multipath channels, types of small scale fading, statistical models for multipath fading
channels.
UNIT III MODULATION TECHNIQUES AND EQUALIZATION 9 + 3
Modulation Techniques: Minimum Shift Keying, Gauss ion MSK, M-ary QAM, M-ary
FSK, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, Performance of Digital Modulation
in Slow-Flat Fading Channels and Frequency Selective Mobile Channels. Equalization:
Survey of Equalization Techniques, Linear Equalization, Non-linear Equalization,
Algorithms for Adaptive Equalization. Diversity Techniques, RAKE receiver.
UNIT IV CODING AND MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES 9 + 3
Coding: Vocoders, Linear Predictive Coders, Selection of Speech Coders for Mobile
Communication, GSM Codec, RS codes for CDPD. Multiple Access Techniques:
FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, SDMA, Capacity of Cellular CDMA and SDMA.
UNIT V WIRELESS SYSTEMS AND STANDARDS 9 + 3
Second Generation and Third Generation Wireless Networks and Standards, WLL, Blue
tooth. AMPS, GSM, IS-95 and DECT
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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TEXT BOOK
1. T.S.Rappaport, ―Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, Second
Edition, Pearson Education/ Prentice Hall of India, Third Indian Reprint 2003.
REFERENCES
1. R. Blake, ― Wireless Communication Technology‖, Thomson Delmar, 2003.
2. W.C.Y.Lee, "Mobile Communications Engineering: Theory and applications,
Second Edition, McGraw-Hill International, 1998.
3. Stephen G. Wilson, ― Digital Modulation and Coding‖, Pearson Education, 2003.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 197
IEC832 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS 3 1 0 100
AIM
To give sufficient background for undertaking embedded systems design.
OBJECTIVES
To introduce students to the embedded systems, its hardware and software.
To introduce devices and buses used for embedded networking.
To explain programming concepts and embedded programming in C and C++.
To explain real time operating systems, inter-task communication and an
exemplary case of MUCOS – IIRTOS.
UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS 9 + 3
Definition and Classification – Overview of Processors and hardware units in an
embedded system – Software embedded into the system – Exemplary Embedded Systems
– Embedded Systems on a Chip (SoC) and the use of VLSI designed circuits.
UNIT II DEVICES AND BUSES FOR DEVICES NETWORK 9 + 3
I/O Devices - Device I/O Types and Examples – Synchronous - Iso-synchronous and
Asynchronous Communications from Serial Devices - Examples of Internal Serial-
Communication Devices - UART and HDLC - Parallel Port Devices - Sophisticated
interfacing features in Devices/Ports- Timer and Counting Devices - ‗12C‘, ‗USB‘,
‗CAN‘ and advanced I/O Serial high speed buses- ISA, PCI, PCI-X, cPCI and advanced
buses.
UNIT III PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS AND EMBEDDED
PROGRAMMING IN C, C++ 9 + 3
Programming in assembly language (ALP) vs. High Level Language - C Program
Elements, Macros and functions -Use of Pointers - NULL Pointers - Use of Function
Calls – Multiple function calls in a Cyclic Order in the Main Function Pointers –
Function Queues and Interrupt Service Routines Queues Pointers – Concepts of
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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EMBEDDED PROGRAMMING in C++ - Objected Oriented Programming – Embedded
Programming in C++, ‗C‘ Program compilers – Cross compiler – Optimization of
memory codes.
UNIT IV REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS – PART - 1 9 + 3
Definitions of process, tasks and threads – Clear cut distinction between functions – ISRs
and tasks by their characteristics – Operating System Services- Goals – Structures-
Kernel - Process Management – Memory Management – Device Management – File
System Organisation and Implementation – I/O Subsystems – Interrupt Routines
Handling in RTOS, REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS : RTOS Task scheduling
models - Handling of task scheduling and latency and deadlines as performance metrics –
Co-operative Round Robin Scheduling – Cyclic Scheduling with Time Slicing (Rate
Monotonics Co-operative Scheduling) – Preemptive Scheduling Model strategy by a
Scheduler – Critical Section Service by a Preemptive Scheduler – Fixed (Static) Real
time scheduling of tasks - INTER PROCESS COMMUNICATION AND
SYNCHRONISATION – Shared data problem – Use of Semaphore(s) – Priority
Inversion Problem and Deadlock Situations – Inter Process Communications using
Signals – Semaphore Flag or mutex as Resource key – Message Queues – Mailboxes –
Pipes – Virtual (Logical) Sockets – Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs).
UNIT V REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS – PART - 2 9 + 3
Study of Micro C/OS-II or Vx Works or Any other popular RTOS – RTOS System Level
Functions – Task Service Functions – Time Delay Functions – Memory Allocation
Related Functions – Semaphore Related Functions – Mailbox Related Functions – Queue
Related Functions – Case Studies of Programming with RTOS – Understanding Case
Definition – Multiple Tasks and their functions – Creating a list of tasks – Functions and
IPCs – Exemplary Coding Steps.
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 199
TEXTBOOKS
1. Rajkamal, Embedded Systems Architecture, Programming and Design, TATA
McGraw-Hill, First reprint Oct. 2003
REFERENCES
1. Steve Heath, Embedded Systems Design, Second Edition-2003, Newnes,
2. David E.Simon, An Embedded Software Primer, Pearson Education Asia, First
Indian Reprint 2000.
3. Wayne Wolf, Computers as Components; Principles of Embedded Computing
System Design – Harcourt India, Morgan Kaufman Publishers, First Indian
Reprint 2001
4. Frank Vahid and Tony Givargis, Embedded Systems Design – A unified
Hardware /Software Introduction, John Wiley, 2002.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 200
IEC833 MOBILE COMMUNICATION NETWORKS 3 0 0 100
UNIT I OPERATION OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION NETWORKS 9
Operation of first, second, and third generation wireless networks: cellular systems,
medium access techniques, Mobile networks Elementary Principles of cellular Telephony
Channel Division Techniques (TDMA, FDMA, CDMA) Cellular Coverage Methods
Network Planning and Resource Allocation, Network Dimensioning ,Mobility
Management Procedures
UNIT II PROPAGATION MODELS AND AIR PROTOCOLS 9
Radio propagation models, error control techniques, handoff, power control, Soft
handover, Forward link ,Reverse link , common air protocols (AMPS, IS-95, IS-136,
GSM, GPRS, EDGE, WCDMA, cdma2000, etc)
UNIT III MOBILE NETWORK ARCHITECTURE 9
General Architecture definition, Mobile Terminals (MT, SIM)
Radio Section (BTS, BSC) Core Network (MSC, G-MSC, VLR, HLR, AuC)
User and Control Plane Protocol Stack, MAP & SS#7, the Key Role of Signaling
Interfaces and Network Entities Relation The Physical Channel, The Logical Channels
Terminal, Call and Network Management Procedures, Network Planning.
UNIT IV WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORKS 9
Wireless Local Area Networks , General Characteristics of the Hyper LAN System,
802.11 Standard, Basic DCF access scheme
DCF Access Scheme with Handshaking, PCF Access Scheme, The 802.11a Standard,
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, Wireless Sensor Networks, Routing Energy Efficiency,
Localization, Clustering.
UNIT V SECURITY ISSUES IN WIRELESS NETWORKS 9
Security in Wireless Networks, Secure routing, Key Pre-distribution and Management,
Encryption and Authentication, Security in Group Communication, Trust Establishment
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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and Management, Denial of Service Attacks, Energy-aware security mechanisms,
Location verification, Security on Data fusion.
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES
1. W. Stallings, "Wireless Communications and Networks", Prentice Hall, 2002.
2. V.K. Garg, "IS-95 CDMA and CDMA 2000", Prentice Hall PTR, 2000.
3. T.S. Rappaport, "Wireless Communications: Principles & Practice", Second
Edition, Prentice Hall, 2002.
4. Leon-Garcia and I. Widjaja, "Communication Networks, Fundamental Concepts
and Key Architectures", McGraw-Hill, 2000.
5. J.Schiller,‖Mobile Communications", Addison Wesley, 2000.
6. Fred Halsall, "Multimedia Communications, Applications, Networks, Protocols
and Standards", Addison Wesley, 2001.
7. Uyless Black ,‖Mobile and Wireless Networks‖ , Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 202
IEC834 MULTIMEDIA COMPRESSION TECHNIQUES 3 0 0 100
UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9
Special features of Multimedia – Graphics and Image Data Representations –
Fundamental Concepts in Video and Digital Audio – Storage requirements for multimedia
applications -Need for Compression - Taxonomy of compression techniques – Overview
of source coding, source models, scalar and vector quantization theory – Evaluation
techniques – Error analysis and methodologies
UNIT II TEXT COMPRESSION 9
Compaction techniques – Huffmann coding – Adaptive Huffmann Coding – Arithmatic
coding – Shannon-Fano coding – Dictionary techniques – LZW family algorithms.
UNIT III AUDIO COMPRESSION 9
Audio compression techniques - μ- Law and A- Law companding. Frequency domain and
filtering – Basic sub-band coding – Application to speech coding – G.722 – Application
to audio coding – MPEG audio, progressive encoding for audio – Silence compression,
speech compression techniques – Formant and CELP Vocoders
UNIT IV IMAGE COMPRESSION 9
Predictive techniques – DM, PCM, DPCM: Optimal Predictors and Optimal Quantization
– Contour based compression – Transform Coding – JPEG Standard – Sub-band coding
algorithms: Design of Filter banks – Wavelet based compression: Implementation using
filters – EZW, SPIHT coders – JPEG 2000 standards - JBIG, JBIG2 standards.
UNIT V VIDEO COMPRESSION 9
Video compression techniques and standards – MPEG Video Coding I: MPEG – 1 and 2
– MPEG Video Coding II: MPEG – 4 and 7 – Motion estimation and compensation
techniques – H.261 Standard – DVI technology – PLV performance – DVI real time
compression – Packet Video.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 203
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES:
1. Khalid Sayood : Introduction to Data Compression, Morgan Kauffman Harcourt
India, 2nd
Edition, 2000.
2. David Salomon : Data Compression – The Complete Reference, Springer Verlag
New York Inc., 2nd
Edition, 2001.
3. Yun Q.Shi, Huifang Sun : Image and Video Compression for Multimedia
Engineering - Fundamentals, Algorithms & Standards, CRC press, 2003.
4. Peter Symes : Digital Video Compression, McGraw Hill Pub., 2004.
5. Mark Nelson : Data compression, BPB Publishers, New Delhi,1998.
6. Mark S.Drew, Ze-Nian Li : Fundamentals of Multimedia, PHI, 1st Edition, 2003.
7. Watkinson,J : Compression in Video and Audio, Focal press,London.1995.
8. Jan Vozer : Video Compression for Multimedia, AP Profes, NewYork, 1995
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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CO1621 RF SYSTEM DESIGN 3 0 0 100
UNIT I RF ISSUES 9
Importance of RF design, Electromagnetic Spectrum, RF behaviour of passive
components, Chip components and Circuit Board considerations, Scattering
Parameters, Smith Chart and applications.
UNIT II RF FILTER DESIGN 9
Overview, Basic resonator and filter configuration, Special filter realizations, Filter
implementations, Coupled filter.
UNIT III ACTIVE RF COMPONENTS & APPLICATIONS 9
RF diodes, BJT, RF FETs, High electron mobility transistors; Matching and Biasing
Networks – Impedance matching using discrete components, Microstripline matching
networks, Amplifier classes of operation and biasing networks.
UNIT IV RF AMPLIFIER DESIGNS 9
Characteristics, Amplifier power relations, Stability considerations, Constant gain
circles, Constant VSWR circles, Low Noise circuits, Broadband , high power and
multistage amplifiers.
UNIT V OSCILLATORS, MIXERS & APPLICATIONS 9
Basic Oscillator model, High frequency oscillator configuration, Basic characteristics
of Mixers ; Phase Locked Loops ; RF directional couplers and hybrid couplers ;
Detector and demodulator circuits.
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 205
REFERENCES:
1. Reinhold Ludwig and Powel Bretchko, RF Circuit Design – Theory and
Applications, Pearson Education Asia, First Edition, 2001.
2. Joseph . J. Carr, Secrets of RF Circuit Design , McGraw Hill Publishers, Third
Edition, 2000.
3. Mathew M. Radmanesh, Radio Frequency & Microwave Electronics, Pearson
Education Asia, Second Edition, 2002.
4. Ulrich L. Rohde and David P. NewKirk, RF / Microwave Circuit Design, John
Wiley & Sons USA 2000.
5. Roland E. Best, Phase - Locked Loops : Design, simulation and applications,
McGraw Hill Publishers 5TH
edition 2003.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 206
AN1601 ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING 3 0 0 100
[Review of discrete-time signals and systems- DFT and FFT, Z-Transform, Digital
Filters is recommended]
UNIT I DISCRETE RANDOM SIGNAL PROCESSING 9
Discrete Random Processes- Ensemble averages, stationary processes, Autocorrelation
and Auto covariance matrices. Parseval's Theorem, Wiener-Khintchine Relation-
Power Spectral Density-Periodogram Spectral Factorization , Filtering random
processes. Low Pass Filtering of White Noise. Parameter estimation: Bias and
consistency.
UNIT II SPECTRUM ESTIMATION 9
Estimation of spectra from finite duration signals, Non-Parametric Methods-Correlation
Method , Periodogram Estimator, Performance Analysis of Estimators -Unbiased,
Consistent Estimators- Modified periodogram, Bartlett and Welch methods, Blackman
–Tukey method. Parametric Methods - AR, MA, ARMA model based spectral
estimation. Parameter Estimation -Yule-Walker equations, solutions using Durbin‘s
algorithm
UNIT III LINEAR ESTIMATION AND PREDICTION 9
Linear prediction- Forward and backward predictions, Solutions of the Normal
equations- Levinson-Durbin algorithms. Least mean squared error criterion -Wiener
filter for filtering and prediction , FIR Wiener filter and Wiener IIR filters ,Discrete
Kalman filter
UNIT IV ADAPTIVE FILTERS 9
FIR adaptive filters -adaptive filter based on steepest descent method-Widrow-Hoff
LMS adaptive algorithm, Normalized LMS. Adaptive channel equalization-Adaptive
echo cancellation-Adaptive noise cancellation- Adaptive recursive filters (IIR). RLS
adaptive filters-Exponentially weighted RLS-sliding window RLS.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 207
UNIT V MULTIRATE DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING 9
Mathematical description of change of sampling rate - Interpolation and Decimation ,
Decimation by an integer factor - Interpolation by an integer factor, Sampling rate
conversion by a rational factor, Filter implementation for sampling rate conversion-
direct form FIR structures, Polyphase filter structures, time-variant structures.
Multistage implementation of multirate system. Application to sub band coding -
Wavelet transform and filter bank implementation of wavelet expansion of signals.
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES:
1. Monson H.Hayes, Statistical Digital Signal Processing and Modeling, John
Wiley and Sons, Inc.,Singapore, 2002.
2. John G. Proakis, Dimitris G.Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing Pearson
Education, 2002.
3. John G. Proakis et.al.,‘Algorithms for Statistical Signal Processing‘, Pearson
Education, 2002.
4. Dimitris G.Manolakis et.al.,‘Statistical and adaptive signal Processing‘,
McGraw Hill, Newyork,2000.
5. Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E.Woods, ‗Digital Image Processing‘, Pearson
Education, Inc., Second Edition, 2004.( For Wavelet Transform Topic)
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 208
CO1622 ADVANCED MICROWAVE SYSTEMS 3 0 0 100
UNIT I 9
FIELD ANALYSIS OF PLANAR TRANSMISSION LINES
Microstrip Transmission Lines – Attenuation – High frequency properties of Microstrip
lines. Coupled Microstrip lines – even and odd modes. Strip transmission lines – Coupled
strip lines – Fin lines.
UNIT II 9
CIRCUIT THEORY FOR WAVE GUIDE SYSTEMS
Equivalent voltages and currents – Impedance description of waveguide elements and
circuits – one port circuit. Foster‘s reactance theorem. N-port circuits. Two port junctions.
Excitation of waveguides. Probe coupling in rectangular waveguide. Radiation from
linear current elements and current loops. Waveguide coupling by apertures.
UNIT III 9
PERIODIC STRUCTURES AND FILTERS
Wave analysis of periodic structures. Periodic structures composed of Unsymmetrical two
port networks. Terminated Periodic structures. Matching of Periodic structures. Floquet‘s
theorem and spatial Harmonics. Microwave Filters – Image parameter method. Filter
design by insertion loss method. Low pass filter design. Microstrip parallel coupled filter.
UNIT IV 9
MICROWAVE SOLID STATE AMPLIFIERS
S-parameters - Unilateral design of amplifiers – simultaneous conjugate match. Bilateral
design of amplifiers. Amplifier stability. Conditional and unconditional stability criteria.
Amplifier power gain. Constant gain circles. Noise temperature concept. Noise factor and
noise figure. Noise temperature for cascaded stages. Constant noise figure circles. Design
of single stage microwave amplifiers.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 209
UNIT V 9
MICROWAVES AND OPTICS
Geometrical optics as a limiting case of wave optics. Ray matrices for paraxial ray optics.
Gaussian beams. Generation of Gaussian beams at microwave frequencies. The beam
waist. Propagation of Gaussian beams in Homogeneous medium. Transformation of
Gaussian beams with lenses.
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES
1. R.E.Collin, ― Foundations for Microwave Engineering‖, McGraw-Hill, 1992.
2. Ramo, Whinnery and Van Duzer : ―Fields and Waves in communication electronics‖.
3rd
Edition., Wiley, 1997.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 210
CO1623 COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL ENGINEERING 3 0 0 100
UNIT I 9
NETWORK REFERENCE MODEL
Communication model-software, subsystems, protocol, protocol development methods,
Protocol engineering process, Layered architecture, Network services and Interfaces,
Protocol functions, OSI model ,TCP/IP protocol suite
UNIT II 9
PROTOCOL SPECIFICATIONS
Components of protocol, Specifications of Communication service, Protocol entity,
Interface, Interactions, Multimedia protocol, Internet protocol, SDL, SDL based protocol-
other protocol specification languages
UNIT III 9
PROTOCOL VERIFICATION/VALIDATION
Protocol verification, Verification of a protocol using finite state machines, Protocol
validation, protocol design errors, Protocol validation approaches, SDL based protocol
verification and validation
UNIT IV 9
PROTOCOL CONFORMANCE/PERFORMANCE TESTING
Conformance testing methodology and frame work, Conformance test architectures, Test
sequence generation methods, Distributed architecture by local methods, Conformance
testing with TTCN, systems with semi controllable interfaces - RIP,SDL based tools for
conformance testing, SDL based conformance testing of MPLS Performance testing, SDL
based performance testing of TCP and OSPF, Interoperability testing, SDL based
interoperability testing of CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA protocol using Bridge, Scalability
testing
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 211
UNIT V 9
PROTOCOL SYNTHESIS AND IMPLEMENTATION
Protocol synthesis, Interactive synthesis algorithm, Automatic synthesis algorithm,
Automatic synthesis of SDL from MSC, Protocol Re-synthesis; Requirements of protocol
implementation, Object based approach to protocol implementation, Protocol compilers,
Tool for protocol engineering
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES
1. Pallapa Venkataram and Sunilkumar S.Manvi, ―Communication protocol
Engineering‖, Eastern Economy edition, 2004
2. Richard Lai and Jirachiefpattana, ―Communication Protocol Specification and
Verification‖, Kluwer Publishers, Boston, 1998.
3. Tarnay, K., ―Protocol Specification and Testing‖, Plenum, New York, 1991.
4. Mohamed G. Gouda, ―Elements of Network Protocol Design‖, John Wiley & Sons,
Inc. New York, USA, 1998
5. V.Ahuja, ―Design and Analysis of Computer Communication networks‖, McGraw-
Hill, London, 1982.
6. G.J.Holtzmann, ―Design and validation of Computer protocols‖, Prentice Hall, New
York, 1991.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 212
CO1624 DSP PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE AND PROGRAMMING 3 0 0 100
UNIT I 9
FUNDAMENTALS OF PROGRAMMABLE DSPs
Multiplier and Multiplier accumulator – Modified Bus Structures and Memory access in
P-DSPs – Multiple access memory – Multi-port memory – VLIW architecture- Pipelining
– Special Addressing modes in P-DSPs – On chip Peripherals.
UNIT II 9
TMS320C5X PROCESSOR
Architecture – Assembly language syntax - Addressing modes – Assembly language
Instructions - Pipeline structure, Operation – Block Diagram of DSP starter kit –
Application Programs for processing real time signals.
UNIT III 9
TMS320C3X PROCESSOR
Architecture – Data formats - Addressing modes – Groups of addressing modes-
Instruction sets - Operation – Block Diagram of DSP starter kit – Application Programs
for processing real time signals – Generating and finding the sum of series, Convolution
of two sequences, Filter design.
UNIT IV 9
ADSP PROCESSORS
Architecture of ADSP-21XX and ADSP-210XX series of DSP processors- Addressing
modes and assembly language instructions – Application programs –Filter design, FFT
calculation.
UNIT V 9
ADVANCED PROCESSORS
Architecture of TMS320C54X: Pipe line operation, Code Composer studio - Architecture
of TMS320C6X - Architecture of Motorola DSP563XX – Comparison of the features of
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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DSP family processors.
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES
1. B.Venkataramani and M.Bhaskar, ―Digital Signal Processors – Architecture,
Programming and Applications‖ – Tata McGraw – Hill Publishing Company
Limited. New Delhi, 2003.
2. User guides Texas Instrumentation, Analog Devices, Motorola.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 214
CO1625 WAVELETS AND MUTIRESOLUTION PROCESSING 3 0 0 100
UNIT I 9
INTRODUCTION
Vector Spaces - properties - dot product - basis - dimension, orthogonality and
orthonormality - relationship between vectors and signals - Signal spaces - concept
of Convergence - Hilbert spaces for energy signals - Generalised Fourier Expansion.
UNIT II 9
MULTI RESOLUTION ANALYSIS
Definition of Multi Resolution Analysis (MRA) – Haar basis - Construction of general
orthonormal MRA-Wavelet basis for MRA – Continuous time MRA interpretation for the
DTWT – Discrete time MRA- Basis functions for the DTWT – PRQMF filter banks
UNIT III 9
CONTINUOUS WAVELET TRANSFORM
Wavelet Transform - definition and properties - concept of scale and its relation with
frequency - Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) - Scaling function and wavelet
functions (Daubechies, Coiflet, Mexican Hat, Sinc, Gaussian, Bi-Orthogonal) - Tiling
of time -scale plane for CWT.
UNIT IV 9
DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM
Filter Bank and sub band coding principles - Wavelet Filters - Inverse DWT
computation by Filter banks -Basic Properties of Filter coefficients - Choice of wavelet
function coefficients - Derivations of Daubechies Wavelets -Mallat's algorithm for DWT
– Multi-band Wavelet transforms.
Lifting Scheme: Wavelet Transform using Polyphase matrix Factorization - Geometrical
foundations of lifting scheme - Lifting scheme in Z -domain
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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UNIT V 9
APPLICATIONS
Signal Compression – Image Compression techniques: EZW-SPHIT Coding - Image
denoising techniques: Noise estimation - Shrinkage rules -. Shrinkage Functions - Edge
detection and object Isolation, Image Fusion, and Object Detection. Curve and Surface
Editing- Variational modeling and finite element method using wavelets.
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES
1. Rao .R.M and A.S.Bopardikar, "Wavelet Transforms: Introduction to theory and
Applications‖, Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd., 2000.
2. K.P.Soman and K.I.Ramachandran,‖ Insight into Wavelets – From Theory to
practice‖, Prentice- Hall, 2004.
3. Strang G, Nguyen T, "Wavelets and Filter Banks," Wellesley Cambridge Press,
1996
4. Vetterli M, Kovacevic J., "Wavelets and Sub-band Coding," Prentice Hall,
1995
5. Mallat S., "Wavelet Signal Processing‖, Academic Press, 1996
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 216
CO1626 SPEECH AND AUDIO SIGNAL PROCESSING 3 0 0 100
UNIT I
MECHANICS OF SPEECH 9
Speech production mechanism – Nature of Speech signal – Discrete time modelling of
Speech production – Representation of Speech signals – Classification of Speech sounds
– Phones – Phonemes – Phonetic and Phonemic alphabets – Articulatory features.
Music production – Auditory perception – Anatomical pathways from the ear to the
perception of sound – Peripheral auditory system – Psycho acoustics
UNIT II
TIME DOMAIN METHODS FOR SPEECH PROCESSING 9
Time domain parameters of Speech signal – Methods for extracting the parameters
Energy, Average Magnitude – Zero crossing Rate – Silence Discrimination using ZCR
and energy – Short Time Auto Correlation Function – Pitch period estimation using Auto
Correlation Function
UNIT III
FREQUENCY DOMAIN METHOD FOR SPEECH PROCESSING 9
Short Time Fourier analysis – Filter bank analysis – Formant extraction – Pitch
Extraction – Analysis by Synthesis- Analysis synthesis systems- Phase vocoder—
Channel Vocoder. Homomorphic speech analysis: Cepstral analysis of Speech – Formant
and Pitch Estimation – Homomorphic Vocoders.
UNIT IV
LINEAR PREDICTIVE ANALYSIS OF SPEECH 9
Formulation of Linear Prediction problem in Time Domain – Basic Principle – Auto
correlation method – Covariance method – Solution of LPC equations – Cholesky
method – Durbin‘s Recursive algorithm – lattice formation and solutions – Comparison
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 217
of different methods – Application of LPC parameters – Pitch detection using LPC
parameters – Formant analysis – VELP – CELP.
UNIT V
APPLICATION OF SPEECH & AUDIO SIGNAL PROCESSING 9
Algorithms: Spectral Estimation, dynamic time warping, hidden Markov model – Music
analysis – Pitch Detection – Feature analysis for recognition – Music synthesis –
Automatic Speech Recognition – Feature Extraction for ASR – Deterministic sequence
recognition – Statistical Sequence recognition – ASR systems – Speaker identification
and verification – Voice response system – Speech Synthesis: Text to speech, voice over
IP.
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES
1. Ben Gold and Nelson Morgan, Speech and Audio Signal Processing, John Wiley
and Sons Inc. , Singapore, 2004
2. L.R.Rabiner and R.W.Schaffer – Digital Processing of Speech signals – Prentice
Hall -1978
3. Quatieri – Discrete-time Speech Signal Processing – Prentice Hall – 2001.
4. J.L.Flanagan – Speech analysis: Synthesis and Perception – 2nd
edition – Berlin –
1972
5. I.H.Witten – Principles of Computer Speech – Academic Press – 1982
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 218
CO1627 NETWORK ROUTING ALGORITHMS 3 0 0 100
UNIT I 9
CIRCUIT SWITCHING NETWORKS
AT & T‘s Dynamic Routing Network, Routing in Telephone Network-Dynamic Non
Hierarchical Routing-Trunk Status Map Routing-Real Time Network Routing, Dynamic
Alternative Routing-Distributed Adaptive Dynamic Routing-Optimized Dynamic Routing
UNIT II 9
PACKET SWITCHING NETWORKS
Distance vector Routing, Link State Routing, Inter domain Routing-Classless
Interdomain routing (CIDR), Interior Gateway routing protocols (IGRP) - Routing
Information Protocol (RIP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), Exterior Gateway Routing
Protocol (EGRP) - Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), Apple Talk Routing and SNA
Routing
UNIT III 9
HIGH SPEED NETWORKS
Routing in optical networks-The optical layer, Node Designs, Network design and
operation, Optical layer cost tradeoffs, Routing and wavelength assignment, Architectural
variations, Routing in ATM networks-ATM address structure, ATM Routing, PNNI
protocol, PNNI signaling protocol, Routing in the PLANET network and Deflection
Routing.
UNIT IV 9
MOBILE NETWORKS
Routing in Cellular Mobile Radio Communication networks-Mobile Network
Architecture, Mobility management in cellular systems, Connectionless Data service for
cellular systems, Mobility and Routing in Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) network,
Packet Radio Routing-DARPA packet radio network, Routing algorithms for small,
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 219
medium and large sized packet radio networks.
UNIT V 9
MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS (MANET)
Internet based mobile ad-hoc networking, communication strategies, routing algorithms –
Table-driven routing - Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), Source initiated
on-demand routing- Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ad-hoc On- demand Distance
Vector (AODV), Hierarchical based routing- Cluster head Gateway Switch Routing
(CGSR) and Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA), Quality of Service.
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES
1. M. Steen strub, ―Routing in Communication networks‖, Prentice Hall
International, NewYork, 1995.
2. ―Internetworking Technologies Handbook‖, Fourth Edition, Inc. Cisco Systems,
ILSG Cisco Systems, 2003.
3. William Stallings, ―ISDN and Broadband ISDN with Frame Relay and ATM‖,
PHI, New Delhi, 2004.
4. Behrouz A Forouzan, ―Data Communications and Networking (3/e), TMH, 2004
5. William Stallings, ―High Speed Networks TCP/IP and ATM Design Principles‖,
Prentice Hall International, New York, 1998.
6. Mohammad Ilyas, ―The Handbook of Ad hoc Wireless Networks‖
CRC Press, 2002.
7. Vijay K.Garg, ―Wireless Network Evolution: 2G to 3G‖, Pearson Education, New
Delhi, India, 2003.
8. Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar N.Sivarajan, ―Optical Networks‖,Morgan
Kaufmann Publishers,1998.
9. Sumit Kasera and Pankaj sethi, ‖ATM Networks‖, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing
Company limited, New Delhi,2001.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 220
10. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Special issue on Wireless
Ad-hoc Networks, Vol. 17, No.8, 1999.
11. Scott. M. Corson, Joseph P. Macker, Gregory H. Cirincione, IEEE Internet
Computing Vol.3, No. 4, 1999.
12. Alder M.Scheideler.Ch. Annual ACM Symposium on Parallel Algorithms and
Architectures, ACM, NewYork 1998.
13. http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/
14. www.moment.cs.ucsb.edu
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 221
CO1628 SIMULATION OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS & NETWORKS
3 1 0 100
UNIT I 9 + 3
MODELLING OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Model of speech and picture signals, Pseudo noise sequences, Non-linear sequences,
Analog channel model, Noise and fading, Digital channel model-Gilbert model of bursty
channels, HF, Troposcatter and satellite channels, Switched telephone channels, Analog
and Digital communication system models, Light wave system models.
UNIT II 9 + 3
SIMULATION OF RANDOM VARIABLES AND RANDOM PROCESS
Univariate and multivariate models, Transformation of random variables, Bounds and
approximation, Random process models-Markov and ARMA Sequences, Sampling rate
for simulation, Computer generation and testing of random numbers
UNIT III 9 + 3
ESTIMATION OF PERFORMANCE MEASURES
Quality of an estimator, estimator for SNR, Probability density functions of analog
communication system, BER of digital communication systems, Monte Carlo method and
Importance of sampling method, estimation of power spectral density
UNIT IV 9 + 3
COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
Queuing models, M/M/I and M/M/I/N queues, Little formula, Burke's theorem ,M/G/I
queue, Embedded Markov chain analysis of TDM systems, Polling, Random access
systems
UNIT V 9 + 3
NETWORK OF QUEUES
Queues in tandem, store and forward communication networks, capacity allocation,
Congestion and flow chart, Routing model, Network layout and Reliability
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 222
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
REFERENCES
1.M.C.Jeruchim,Philip Balaban and K.Sam Shanmugam, "Simulation of
communication systems", Plenum Press, New York,1992
2.A.M.Law and W.David Kelton, "Simulation Modelling and analysis", Mc Graw Hill
Inc., New York ,1991
3.J.F.Hayes, ―Modelling and Analysis of Computer Communication networks‖,
Plenum Press, New York,1984
4.Jerry Banks and John S.Carson, ―Discrete-event System Simulation‖, Prentice Hall
Inc., New Jersey,1984
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 223
CO1629 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS 3 0 0 100
UNIT I 9
History of GPS – BC-4 System – HIRAN – NNSS – NAVSTAR GLONASS and GNSS
Systems – GPS Constellation – Space Segment – Control Segment – User Segment –
Single and Dual Frequency – Point – Relative – Differential GPS – Static and Kinematic
Positioning – 2D and 3D – reporting Anti Spoofing (AS); Selective Availability (SA) –
DOP Factors.
UNIT II 9
Coordinate Systems – Geo Centric Coordinate System – Conventional Terrestrial
Reference System – Orbit Description – Keplerian Orbit – Kepler Elements – Satellite
Visibility – Topocentric Motion – Disturbed Satellite Motion – Perturbed Motion –
Disturbing Accelerations - Perturbed Orbit – Time Systems – Astronomical Time System
– Atomic Time – GPS Time – Need for Coordination – Link to Earth Rotation – Time and
Earth Motion Services.
UNIT III 9
C/A code; P-code; Y-code; L1, L2 Carrier frequencies – Code Pseudo Ranges – Carries
Phases – Pseudo Ranges – Satellite Signal Signature – Navigation Messages and Formats
– Undifferenced and Differenced Range Models – Delta Ranges – Signal Processing and
Processing Techniques – Tracking Networks – Ephemerides – Data Combination: Narrow
Lane; Wide Lane – OTF Ambiguity.
UNIT IV 9
Propagation Media – Multipath – Antenna Phase Centre – Atmosphere in brief –
Elements of Wave Propagation – Ionospheric Effects on GPS Observations – Code Delay
– Phase Advances – Integer Bias – Clock Error – Cycle Slip – Noise-Bias – Blunders –
Tropospheric Effects on GPS Oberservables – Multipath Effect – Antenna Phase Centre
Problems and Correction.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 224
UNIT V 9
Inter Disciplinary Applications – Crystal Dynamics – Gravity Field Mapping –
Atmospheric Occulation – Surveying – Geophysics – Air borne GPS – Ground
Transportation – Space borne GPS – Metrological and Climate Research using GPS.
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES
1. B.Hoffman - Wellenhof, H.Lichtenegger and J.Collins, "GPS: Theory and
Practice", 4th revised edition, Springer, Wein, New york,1997
2. A.Leick, "GPS Satellites Surveying", 2nd edition, John Wiley &
Sons,NewYork,1995
3. B.Parkinson, J.Spilker, Jr.(Eds), "GPS: Theory and Applications", Vol.I & Vol.II,
AIAA, 370 L'Enfant Promenade SW, Washington, DC 20024, 1996
4. A.Kleusberg and P.Teunisen(Eds), ―GPS for Geodesy‖, Springer-Verlag,
Berlin,1996
5. L.Adams, "The GPS - A Shared National Asset‖, Chair, National Academy Press,
Washington, DC, 1995
Websites:
6. http://www.auslig.gov.au
7. http://igscb.jpl.nasa.gov
8. http://gibs.leipzig.ifag.de
9. http://www.navcen.uscg.mil
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 225
CO1630 COMMUNICATION NETWORK SECURITY 3 0 0 100
UNIT I 9
SYMMETRIC CIPHERS (Techniques and Standards) –I
Introduction – Services, Mechanisms and Attacks, OSI security Architecture, Model for
network Security; Classical Encryption Techniques- Symmetric Cipher Model,
Substitution Techniques, Transposition Techniques, Rotor Machines, Stegnography;
Block Ciphers and Data Encryption Standard- Simplified DES, Block Cipher Principles,
Data Encryption Standard, Strength of DES, Differential and Linear Crypt Analysis,
Block Cipher Design Principles, Block Cipher Modes of Operation.
UNIT II 9
SYMMETRIC CIPHERS (Techniques and Standards) – II
Advanced Encryption Standard- Evaluation Criteria for AES, AES Cipher; Contemporary
Symmetric Ciphers- Triple DES, Blowfish, RC5, Characteristics of Advanced Symmetric
Block Ciphers, RC4 Stream Cipher; Confidentiality using Symmetric Encryption-
Placement of Encryption Function, Traffic Confidentiality, Key Distribution, and
Random Number Generation.
UNIT III 9
PUBLIC-KEY ENCRYPTION AND HASH FUNCTIONS
Public Key Cryptography and RSA- Principles of Public Key Cryptosystems, RSA
Algorithm; Key Management and other public key cryptosystems- Key Management,
Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange, Elliptic Curve arithmetic, Elliptic Curve Cryptography;
Message Authentication and Hash Functions- Authentication Requirements,
Authentication Functions, Message Authentication Codes, Hash Functions and MACs;
Hash Algorithms- MD5 Message Digest Algorithm; Secure Hash Algorithm, RIPEMD
160, HMAC; Digital Signatures and Authentication Protocols- Digital Signatures,
Authentication Protocols, Digital Signature Standards.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 226
UNIT IV 9
NETWORK SECURITY PRACTICE
Authentication Applications- Kerberos, X.509 Authentication Service; Electronic Mail
Security- Pretty Good Privacy, S/MIME; IP Security- IP Security Overview, IP Security
Architecture, Authentication Header, Encapsulating Security Payload, Combining
Security Associations; Web Security- Web Security Considerations, Secure Sockets Layer
and Transport Layer Security, Secure Electronic Transaction.
UNIT V 9
SYSTEM SECURITY
Intruders- Intruder Detection, Password Management; Malicious Software- Virus and
Related Threats, Virus Counter Measures; Firewalls- Firewall Design Principles, Trusted
Systems.
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES
1. William Stallings, ―Cryptography and Network Security‖, 3ed. Prentice Hall of
India, New Delhi ,2004.
2. William Stallings, ―Network Security Essentials‖, 2 ed. Prentice Hall of India,
New Delhi, 2004.
3. Charlie Kaufman , ―Network Security: Private Communication in Public World‖,
2 edition. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi ,2004.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 227
CO1631 SOFT COMPUTING 3 0 0 100
UNIT I 9
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Basic concepts-single layer perceptron-Multi layer perceptron-Adaline-Madaline-
Learning rules-Supervised learning-Back propagation networks-Training algorithm,
Practical difficulties, Advanced algorithms-Adaptive network- Radial basis network-
modular network-Applications
UNIT II 9
UNSUPERVISED NETWORKS
Introduction- unsupervised learning -Competitive learning networks-Kohonen self
organising networks-Learning vector quantisation - Hebbian learning - Hopfield network-
Content addressable nature, Binary Hopfield network, Continuous Hopfield network
Travelling Salesperson problem - Adaptive resonance theory –Bidirectional Associative
Memory-Principle component Analysis
UNIT III 9
FUZZY SYSTEMS
Fuzzy sets-Fuzzy rules: Extension principle, Fuzzy relation- fuzzy reasoning – fuzzy
inference systems: Mamdani model, Sugeno model. Tsukamoto model -Fuzzy decision
making- Multiobjective Decision Making,-Fuzzy classification-Fuzzy control methods -
Application
UNIT IV 9
NEURO-FUZZY MODELLING
Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy based inference systems – classification and regression trees:
decision tress, Cart algorithm – Data clustering algorithms: K means clustering, Fuzzy C
means clustering, Mountain clustering, Subtractive clustering – rule base structure
identification – Neuro fuzzy control: Feedback Control Systems, Expert Control, Inverse
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 228
Learning, Specialized Learning, Back propagation through Real –Time Recurrent
Learning.
UNIT V 9
GENETIC ALGORITHM
Fundamentals of genetic algorithm-Mathematical foundations-Genetic modeling-Survival
of the fittest-crossover-Inversion and Deletion-mutation-reproduction-Generational cycle-
rank method-rank space method- Other derivative free optimization-simulated annealing,
Random search, Downhill simplex search-Application
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES
1. Jang J.S.R.,Sun C.T and Mizutani E – ―Neuro Fuzzy and Soft computing‖, Pearson
education (Singapore) 2004
2. David E.Goldberg : ―Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization, and Machine
Learning‖, Pearson Education, Asia,1996
3. Laurene Fauseett:‖Fundamentals of Neural Networks‖, Prentice Hall India,
New Delhi,1994.
4. Timothy J.Ross:‖Fuzzy Logic Engineering Applications‖, McGrawHill,
NewYork,1997.
5. S.Rajasekaran and G.A.Vijayalakshmi Pai ―Neural networks,Fuzzy logics,and
Genetic algorithms‖, Prentice Hall of India,2003
6. George J.Klir and Bo Yuan,‖Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic‖,Prentice Hall Inc., New
Jersey,1995.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 229
CO1632 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION RECEIVERS 3 0 0 100
UNIT I 9
REVIEW OF DIGITAL COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES
Base band and band pass communication, signal space representation, linear and non-
linear modulation techniques, and spectral characteristics of digital modulation.
UNIT II 9
OPTIMUM RECEIVERS FOR AWGN CHANNEL
Correlation demodulator, matched filter, maximum likelihood sequence detector,
Optimum receiver for CPM signals, M-ary orthogonal signals, envelope detectors for M-
ary and correlated binary signals.
UNIT III 9
RECEIVERS FOR FADING CHANNELS
Characterization of fading multiple channels, statistical models, slow fading, frequency
selective fading, diversity technique, RAKE demodulator, coded waveform for fading
channel
UNIT IV 9
SYNCHRONIZATION TECHNIQUES
Carrier and symbol synchronization, carrier phase estimation – PLL, Decision directed
loops, symbol timing estimation, maximum likelihood and non-decision directed timing
estimation, joint estimation.
UNIT V 9
ADAPTIVE EQUALIZATION
Zero forcing algorithm, LMS algorithm, Adaptive decision – feedback equalizer, and
equalization of Trellis-coded signals, Kalman algorithm, blind equalizers, and stochastic
gradient algorithm, Echo cancellation
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 230
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES
1. Heinrich Meyer, Mare Moeneclacy and Stefan.A. Fechtel, ―Digital
Communication Receivers‖, Vol I & II, John Wiley, New York, 1997.
2. John. G. Proakis, ―Digital Communication‖, 4th
ed., McGraw Hill, New York, 2001
3. E.A. Lee and D.G. Messerschmitt, ―Digital Communication‖, 2nd
edition, Allied
Publishers, New Delhi, 1994.
4. Simon Marvin, ―Digital Communication Over Fading channel; An unified
approach to performance Analysis‖, John Wiley, New York, 2000.
5. Bernard Sklar, ―Digital Communication Fundamentals and Applications, Prentice
Hall, 1998.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 231
N1604 ADVANCED MICROPROCESSORS AND MICRO CONTROLLERS
3 0 0 100
UNIT I 9
MICROPROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE
Instruction set – Data formats – Instruction formats – Addressing modes – Memory
hierarchy – register file – Cache – Virtual memory and paging – Segmentation –
Pipelining – The instruction pipeline – pipeline hazards – Instruction level parallelism –
reduced instruction set – Computer principles – RISC versus CISC – RISC properties –
RISC evaluation – On-chip register files versus cache evaluation
UNIT II 9
HIGH PERFORMANCE CISC ARCHITECTURE – PENTIUM
The software model – functional description – CPU pin descriptions – RISC
concepts – bus operations – Super scalar architecture – pipe lining – Branch prediction
– The instruction and caches – Floating point unit –protected mode operation –
Segmentation – paging – Protection – multitasking – Exception and interrupts – Input
/Output – Virtual 8086 model – Interrupt processing -Instruction types – Addressing
modes – Processor flags – Instruction set -programming the Pentium processor.
UNIT III 9
HIGH PERFORMANCE RISC ARCHITECTURE :ARM
The ARM architecture – ARM assembly language program – ARM organization and
implementation – The ARM instruction set - The thumb instruction set – ARM CPU
cores.
UNIT IV 9
MOTOROLA 68HC11 MICROCONTROLLERS
Instructions and addressing modes – operating modes – Hardware reset – Interrupt
system – Parallel I/O ports – Flags – Real time clock – Programmable timer – pulse
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 232
accumulator – serial communication interface – A/D converter – hardware expansion –
Assembly language Programming
UNIT V 9
PIC MICRO CONTROLLER
CPU architecture – Instruction set - Interrupts – Timers – I/O port expansion –I2C bus
for peripheral chip access – A/D converter – UART
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES :
1. Daniel Tabak , ‗‘ Advanced Microprocessors‖ McGraw Hill.Inc., 1995
2. James L. Antonakos, ―The Pentium Microprocessor ‗‘ Pearson Education, 1997.
3. Steve Furber, ‗‘ ARM System –On –Chip architecture ―Addison Wesley, 2000.
4. Gene .H.Miller.‖ Micro Computer Engineering,‖ Pearson Education, 2003.
5. John .B.Peatman, ―Design with PIC Microcontroller‖, Prentice hall, 1997.
6. James L.Antonakos,An Introduction to the Intel family of Microprocessors,
Pearson Education 1999.
7. Barry.B.Breg,‖ The Intel Microprocessors Architecture , Programming and
Interfacing ―, PHI, 2002.
8. Valvano "Embedded Microcomputer Systems" Thomson Asia PVT LTD first
reprint 2001.
Web links
www.ocw.nit.edu
www.arm.com
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 233
AN1621 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING 3 0 0 100
UNIT I 9
DIGITAL IMAGE FUNDAMENTALS:
Elements of digital image processing systems, Elements of visual perception, psycho
visual model, brightness, contrast, hue, saturation, mach band effect, Color image
fundamentals -RGB,HSI models, Image sampling, Quantization, dither, Two-
dimensional mathematical preliminaries.
UNIT II 9
IMAGE TRANSFORMS:
1D DFT, 2D transforms – DFT, DCT, Discrete Sine, Walsh, Hadamard, Slant, Haar,
KLT, SVD, Wavelet Transform.
UNIT III 9
IMAGE ENHANCEMENT AND RESTORATION:
Histogram modification and specification techniques, Noise distributions, Spatial
averaging, Directional Smoothing, Median, Geometric mean, Harmonic mean,
Contraharmonic and Yp mean filters, Homomorphic filtering, Color image
enhancement. Image Restoration – degradation model, Unconstrained and Constrained
restoration, Inverse filtering – removal of blur caused by uniform linear motion, Wiener
filtering, Geometric transformations – spatial transformations, Gray-Level
interpolation.
UNIT IV 9
IMAGE SEGMENTATION AND RECOGNITION:
Edge detection. Image segmentation by region growing, region splitting and merging,
edge linking.. Image Recognition – Patterns and pattern classes, Matching by minimum
distance classifier, Matching by correlation, Back Propagation Neural Network, Neural
Network applications in Image Processing.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 234
UNIT V 9
IMAGE COMPRESSION:
Need for data compression, Huffman,. Run Length Encoding, Shift codes, Arithmetic
coding, Vector Quantization, Block Truncation Coding. Transform Coding – DCT and
Wavelet. JPEG ,MPEG. Standards, Concepts of Context based Compression.
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES:
1. Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E.Woods, ‗Digital Image Processing‘, Pearson
Education, Inc., Second Edition, 2004.
2. Anil K. Jain, ‗Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing‘, Prentice Hall of
India, 2002.
3. David Salomon : Data Compression – The Complete Reference, Springer Verlag
New York Inc., 2nd
Edition, 2001.
4. Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E.Woods, Steven Eddins, ‗ Digital Image
Processing using MATLAB‘, Pearson Education, Inc., 2004.
5. William K.Pratt, ‗ Digital Image Processing‘, John Wiley, NewYork, 2002.
6. Milman Sonka, Vaclav Hlavac, Roger Boyle, ‗Image Processing, Analysis, and
Machine Vision‘, Brooks/Cole, Vikas Publishing House, II ed., 1999.
7. Sid Ahmed, M.A., ‗Image Processing Theory, Algorithms and Architectures‘,
McGrawHill, 1995.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 235
AN1628 INTERNETWORKING MULTIMEDIA 3 0 0 100
UNIT I 9
MULTIMEDIA NETWORKING
Digital sound, video and graphics, basic multimedia networking, multimedia
characteristics, evolution of Internet services model, network requirements for audio/
video transform, multimedia coding and compression for text, image, audio and video.
UNIT II 9
BROADBAND NETWORK TECHNOLOGY
Broadband services, ATM and IP, IPV6, High speed switching, resource reservation,
Buffer management, traffic shaping, caching, scheduling, and policing, throughput, delay
and jitter performance. Storage and media services, voice and video over IP, MPEG-2
over ATM/IP, indexing synchronization of requests, recording and remote control.
UNIT III 9
RELIABLE TRANSPORT PROTOCOL AND APPLICATIONS
Multicast over shared media network, multicast routing and addressing, scaling multicast
and NBMA networks, Reliable transport protocols, TCP adaptation algorithm, RTP,
RTCP. MIME, Peer- to-Peer computing, shared application, video conferencing,
centralized and distributed conference control, distributed virtual reality, light weight
session philosophy.
UNIT IV 9
MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATION STANDARDS
Objective of MPEG- 7 standard, Functionalities and systems of MPEG-7, MPEG-21
Multimedia Framework Architecture, - Content representation, Content Management and
usage, Intellectual property management, Audio visual system- H322: Guaranteed QOS
LAN systems; MPEG_4 video Transport across internet.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 236
UNIT V 9
MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATION ACROSS NETWORKS
Packet Audio/video in the network environment, video transport across Generic
networks- Layered video coding, error Resilient video coding techniques, Scalable Rate
control, Streaming video across Internet, Multimedia transport across ATM networks and
IP network, Multimedia across wireless networks.
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES
1. Jon Crowcroft, Mark Handley, Ian Wakeman, Internetworking Multimedia,
Harcourt Asia Pvt. Ltd. Singapore, 1998.
2. B.O. Szuprowicz, Multimedia Networking, McGraw Hill, Newyork. 1995
3. Tay Vaughan, Multimedia - Making it to work, 4ed, Tata McGraw Hill , NewDelhi,
2000.
4. K.R.Rao, Zoran S. Bojkovic and Dragorad A. Milovanovic, Multimedia
Communication systems, PHI , 2003.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 237
AN1629 ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE AND COMPATIBILITY IN
SYSTEM DESIGN 3 0 0 100
UNIT I 9
EMI ENVIRONMENT
EMI/EMC concepts and definitions, Sources of EMI, conducted and radiated EMI,
Transient EMI, Time domain Vs. Frequency domain EMI, Units of measurement
parameters, Emission and immunity concepts, ESD.
UNIT II 9
EMI COUPLING PRINCIPLES
Conducted, Radiated and Transient Coupling, Common Impedance Ground Coupling,
Radiated Common Mode and Ground Loop Coupling, Radiated Differential Mode
Coupling, Near Field Cable to Cable Coupling, Power Mains and Power Supply
coupling.
UNIT III 9
EMI/EMC STANDARDS AND MEASUREMENTS
Civilian standards - FCC, CISPR, IEC, EN, Military standards - MIL STD 461D/462,
EMI Test Instruments /Systems, EMI Shielded Chamber, Open Area Test Site, TEM
Cell, Sensors/Injectors/Couplers, Test beds for ESD and EFT, Military Test Method and
Procedures (462).
UNIT IV 9
EMI CONTROL TECHNIQUES
Shielding, Filtering, Grounding, Bonding, Isolation Transformer, Transient Suppressors,
Cable Routing, Signal Control, Component Selection and Mounting.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
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UNIT V 9
EMC DESIGN OF PCBs
PCB Traces Cross Talk, Impedance Control, Power Distribution Decoupling, Zoning,
Motherboard Designs and Propagation Delay Performance Models.
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES
1. Henry W.Ott, "Noise Reduction Techniques in Electronic Systems", John Wiley
and Sons, NewYork. 1988.
2. C.R.Paul, ―Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility‖ , John Wiley and
Sons, Inc, 1992.
3. V.P.Kodali, "Engineering EMC Principles, Measurements and Technologies",
IEEE Press, 1996.
4. Bernhard Keiser, "Principles of Electromagnetic Compatibility", Artech house,
3rd Ed, 1986.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 239
AN1630 HIGH PERFORMANCE COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
3 1 0 100
UNIT I 9 + 3
PACKET SWITCHED NETWORKS
OSI and IP models, Ethernet (IEEE 802.3), Token ring (IEEE 802.5), Wireless LAN
(IEEE 802.11) FDDI, DQDB, SMDS: Internetworking with SMDS
UNIT II 9 + 3
ISDN AND BROADBAND ISDN
ISDN - overview, interfaces and functions, Layers and services - Signaling System 7
(SS7)- Broadband ISDN architecture and Protocols.
UNIT III 9 + 3
ATM AND FRAME RELAY
ATM: Main features-addressing, signaling and routing, ATM header structure-adaptation
layer, management and control, ATM switching and transmission.
Frame Relay: Protocols and services, Congestion control, Internetworking with ATM,
Internet and ATM, Frame relay via ATM.
UNIT IV 9 + 3
ADVANCED NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
IP forwarding architectures overlay model, Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS),
integrated services in the Internet, Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP), Differentiated
services
UNIT V 9 + 3
BLUE TOOTH TECHNOLOGY
The Blue tooth module-Protocol stack Part I: Antennas, Radio interface, Base band, The
Link controller, Audio, The Link Manager, The Host controller interface; The Blue tooth
module-Protocol stack Part I: Logical link control and adaptation protocol, RFCOMM,
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 240
Service discovery protocol, Wireless access protocol, Telephony control protocol.
L = 45 T = 15 Total = 60
REFERENCES
1. William Stallings,‖ISDN and Broadband ISDN with Frame Relay and ATM‖, 4th
edition, Pearson education Asia, 2002.
2. Leon Gracia, Widjaja, ―Communication networks ", Tata McGraw-Hill, New
Delhi, 2000.
3. Jennifer Bray and Charles F.Sturman,‖Blue Tooth‖ Pearson education Asia, 2001.
4. Sumit Kasera, Pankaj Sethi, ―ATM Networks ", Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi,
2000.
5. Rainer Handel, Manfred N.Huber and Stefan Schroder ,‖ATM Networks‖,3rd
edition, Pearson education asia,2002.
6. Jean Walrand and Pravin varaiya ,‖High Performance Communication
networks‖,2nd
edition, Harcourt and Morgan Kauffman,London,2000.
7. William Stallings,‖High-speed Networks and Internets‖, 2nd
edition, Pearson
education Asia, 2003.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 241
AN1654 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS 3 0 0 100
UNIT I 9
EMBEDDED ARCHITECTURE
Embedded Computers, Characteristics of Embedded Computing Applications, Challenges
in Embedded Computing system design, Embedded system design process-
Requirements, Specification, Architectural Design, Designing Hardware and Software
Components, System Integration, Formalism for System Design- Structural Description,
Behavioral Description, Design Example: Model Train Controller
UNIT II 9
EMBEDDED PROCESSOR AND COMPUTING PLATFORM
ARM processor- processor and memory organization, Data operations, Flow of Control,
SHARC processor- Memory organization, Data operations, Flow of Control, parallelism
with instructions, CPU Bus configuration, ARM Bus, SHARC Bus, Memory devices,
Input/output devices, Component interfacing, designing with microprocessor
development and debugging, Design Example : Alarm Clock.
UNIT III 9
NETWORKS
Distributed Embedded Architecture- Hardware and Software Architectures, Networks for
embedded systems- I2C, CAN Bus, SHARC link pports, ethernet, Myrinet, Internet,
Network-Based design- Communication Analysis, system performance Analysis,
Hardware platform design, Allocation and scheduling, Design Example: Elevator
Controller.
UNIT IV 9
REAL-TIME CHARACTERISTICS
Clock driven Approach, weighted round robin Approach, Priority driven Approach,
Dynamic Versus Static systems, effective release times and deadlines, Optimality of the
Earliest deadline first (EDF) algorithm, challenges in validating timing constraints in
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 242
priority driven systems, Off-line Versus On-line scheduling.
UNIT V 9
SYSTEM DESIGN TECHNIQUES
Design Methodologies, Requirement Analysis, Specification, System Analysis and
Architecture Design, Quality Assurance, Design Example: Telephone PBX- System
Architecture, Ink jet printer- Hardware Design and Software Design, Personal Digital
Assistants, Set-top Boxes.
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
REFERENCES
1. Wayne Wolf, Computers as Components: Principles of Embedded Computing
System Design, Morgan Kaufman Publishers, 2001.
2. Jane.W.S. Liu Real-Time systems, Pearson Education Asia, 2000.
3. C. M. Krishna and K. G. Shin, Real-Time Systems, ,McGraw-Hill, 1997 .
4. Frank Vahid and Tony Givargi, Embedded System Design: A Unified
Hardware/Software Introduction, s, John Wiley & Sons, 2000.
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 243
DC1621 HIGH SPEED SWITCHING ARCHITECTURE 3 0 0 100
UNIT I 9
HIGH SPEED NETWORK:
Introduction- LAN, WAN, Network evolution through ISDN to B-ISDN, Transfer mode
and control of B-ISDN, SDH multiplexing structure, ATM standard, ATM adaptation
layers.
UNIT II 9
LAN SWITCHING TECHNOLOGY :
Switching Concepts, switch forwarding techniques, switch path control, LAN Switching,
cut through forwarding, store and forward, virtual LANs.
UNIT III 9
ATM SWITCHING ARCHITECTURE
Switch model, Blocking networks - basic - and- enhanced banyan networks, sorting
networks - merge sorting, re-arrangable networks - full-and- partial connection networks,
non-blocking networks - Recursive network construction, comparison of non-blocking
network, Switching with deflection routing - shuffle switch, tandem banyan.
UNIT IV 9
QUEUES IN ATM SWITCHES
Internal Queueing -Input, output and shared queueing, multiple queueing networks –
combined Input, output and shared queueing - performance analysis of Queued switches.
UNIT V 9
IP SWITCHING
Addressing model, IP Switching types - flow driven and topology driven solutions, IP
over ATM address and next hop resolution, multicasting, Ipv6 over ATM.
L = 45 T = 0 Total = 45
Christ University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Page 244
REFERENCES
1. Achille Pattavina, Swtching Theory: Architectures and Performance in Broadband
ATM networks "John Wiley & Sons Ltd, New York. 1998.
2. Christopher Y Metz, Switching protocols & Architectures, McGraw - Hill
Professional Publishing, NewYork.1998.
3. Rainer Handel, Manfred N Huber, Stefan Schroder, ATM Networks - Concepts
Protocols, Applications III Edition, Addison Wesley, New York. 1999.
4. John A.Chiong: Internetworking ATM for the internet and enterprise networks.
McGraw Hill, New York, 1998.