b08 akuntansi piutang
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PiutangTRANSCRIPT
8-1
Bagian 8
Akuntansi Piutang
Tujuan Belajar1. Memahami Klasifikasi dan Pencatatan Piutang
2. Memahami Pengendalian Piutang
3. Memahami Akuntansi untuk Piutang Tak Tertagih
4. Memahami Karakteristik Wesel Tagih
5. Memahami Akuntansi untuk Wesel Tagih
8-2
Piutang individu dan perusahaan lain yang diharapkan dapat dikumpulkan dalam bentuk tunai.
Jumlah yang terhutang oleh
pelanggan yang dihasilkan dari
penjualan barang dan jasa.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts Receivable
LO 1 Identify the different types of receivables.
Janji tertulis (yang dibuktikan dengan instrumen formal) untuk jumlah yang
akan diterima.
“Nontrade” (interest, loans to officers,
advances to employees, and
income taxes refundable).
Notes Receivable
Notes Receivable
Other Receivables
Other Receivables
Types of Receivables
8-3
Piutang individu dan perusahaan lain yang diharapkan dapat dikumpulkan dalam bentuk tunai.
LO 1 Identify the different types of receivables.
Illustration 8-1
Types of Receivables
8-4
Tiga masalah akuntansi untuk Accounts Receivable:
1. Pengakuan (Recognizing) accounts receivable.
2. Penilaian (Valuing) accounts receivable.
3. Pelepasan/Penjualan (Disposing) accounts receivable.
LO 2 Explain how companies recognize accounts receivable.
Perusahaan Jasa - dicatat saat jasa diberikan secara
kredit.
Perusahaan Dagang – dicatat pada titik penjualan barang
persediaan yang dilakukan secara kredit.
Recognizing Accounts Receivable
Accounts Receivable
8-5
Ilustrasi: Asumsi Hennes & Mauritz (SWE) pada 1 Juli, menjual barang dagangan secara kredit pada Polo Company sebesar $1,000 dengan syarat 2/10, n/30. Siapkan jurnal untuk mencatat transaksi tersebut pada pembukuan Hennes & Mauritz.
Accounts receivable 1,000Jul. 1
Sales revenue1,000
Accounts Receivable
LO 2 Explain how companies recognize accounts receivable.
8-6
Ilustrasi: Pada 5 Juli, Polo mengembalikan barang dagangan senilai $100 pada Hennes & Mauritz (SWE).
Sales returns and allowances 100Jul. 5
Accounts receivable100
Pada 11 Juli, Hennes & Mauritz menerima pembayaran sisa hutang Polo Company.
Cash 882Jul. 11
Sales discounts ($900 x .02) 18
Accounts receivable900
Accounts Receivable
LO 2 Explain how companies recognize accounts receivable.
8-7
Interest receivable4.50
Ilustrasi: Beberapa pedagang (retailers) mengeluarkan kartu kreditnya sendiri. Misal Anda menggunakan kartu kredit JCPenney (USA) Anda untuk membeli baju $300. Catatan JCPenney:
Accounts receivable 300
Sales revenue300
Misal sampai akhir bulan Anda belum melunasi dan JCPenney mengenakan bunga 1.5% per bulan. Catatan JC Penney :
Accounts receivable 4.50
Accounts Receivable
LO 2 Explain how companies recognize accounts receivable.
8-8
Valuing Accounts Receivable
Current asset.
Valuation (net realizable value).
Uncollectible Accounts Receivable
Penjualan secara kredit meningkatkan resiko
ketidaktertagihan.
Penjual mencatat kerugian dari perpanjangan kredit
pada Bad Debt Expense.
LO 3 Distinguish between the methods and bases companies use to value accounts receivable.
Accounts Receivable
8-9
Allowance Method
Losses are estimated:
Better matching.
Receivable stated at cash
realizable value.
Required by IFRS.
Metode mencatat Uncollectible Accounts
Direct Write-Off
Theoretically undesirable:
No matching.
Receivable not stated at
cash realizable value.
Not acceptable for financial
reporting.
Accounts Receivable
LO 3 Distinguish between the methods and bases companies use to value accounts receivable.
8-10
How are these accounts presented on the Statement of Financial Position?
Accounts ReceivableAllowance for
Doubtful Accounts
Beg. 500 25 Beg.
End. 500 25 End.
Accounts Receivable
8-11
Accounts Receivable
Current Assets:
Supplies 40$
Inventory 812
Accounts receivable 500
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts (25) 475
Cash 330
Total current assets 1,657
Statement of Financial Position (partial)
ABC Corporation
8-12
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Beg. 500 25 Beg.
End. 500 25 End.
Accounts Receivable
Journal entry for credit sale of $100?
Accounts receivable 100
Sales 100
Accounts Receivable
8-13
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Beg. 500 25 Beg.
End. 600 25 End.
Accounts Receivable
Journal entry for credit sale of $100?
Accounts receivable 100
Sales 100
Sale 100
Accounts Receivable
8-14
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Beg. 500 25 Beg.
End. 600 25 End.
Sale 100
Accounts Receivable
Collected $333 on account?
Cash 333
Accounts receivable 333
Accounts Receivable
8-15
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Beg. 500 25 Beg.
End. 267 25 End.
Sale 100
Accounts Receivable
Collected $333 on account?
Cash 333
Accounts receivable 333
333 Coll.
Accounts Receivable
8-16
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Beg. 500 25 Beg.
End. 267 25 End.
Sale 100 333 Coll.
Accounts Receivable
Adjustment of $15 for estimated bad debts?
Bad debt expense 15
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 15
Accounts Receivable
8-17
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Beg. 500 25 Beg.
End. 267 40 End.
Sale 100 333 Coll.
Accounts Receivable
Adjustment of $15 for estimated bad debts?
Bad debt expense 15
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 15
15 Est.
Accounts Receivable
8-18
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Beg. 500 25 Beg.
End. 267 40 End.
Sale 100 333 Coll.
15 Est.
Accounts Receivable
Write-off of uncollectible accounts for $10?
Allowance for Doubtful accounts 10
Accounts receivable 10
Accounts Receivable
8-19
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Beg. 500 25 Beg.
End. 257 30 End.
Sale 100 333 Coll.
15 Est.
Accounts Receivable
Write-off of uncollectible accounts for $10?
Allowance for Doubtful accounts 10
Accounts receivable 10
W/O 10 10 W/O
Accounts Receivable
8-20
Accounts Receivable
Current Assets:
Supplies 40$
Inventory 812
Accounts receivable 257
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts (30) 227
Cash 330
Total current assets 1,409
Statement of Financial Position (partial)
ABC Corporation
8-21
Ilustrasi: Misal Warden Co. menghapus (writes off) saldo
hutang M. E. Doran’s sebesar HK$1,600 balance karena
ditetapkan sebagai tak tertagih pada 12 Desember 12. Jurnal:
Bad debts expense 1,600
Accounts receivable 1,600
Direct Write-off Method for Uncollectible Accounts
Accounts Receivable
Theoretically undesirable: No matching. Receivable not stated at cash realizable value. Not acceptable for financial reporting.
LO 3
8-22
Allowance Method for Uncollectible Accounts
1. Perusahaan memperkirakan accounts receivable
yang tidak tertagih (uncollectible).
2. MenDebit Bad Debt Expense dan mengKredit
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (kontra-akun aset-
Account Receivable).
3. Perusahaan mendebit Allowance for Doubtful
Accounts dan mengkredit Accounts Receivable
pada saat menghapus (writte off) karena ditetapkan
sebagai tak tertagih.
Accounts Receivable
LO 3 Distinguish between the methods and bases companies use to value accounts receivable.
8-23
Ilustrasi: Hampson Furniture memiliki penjualan kredit
€1,200,000 pada 2014, yang mana €200,000 belum terbayar
per 31 Desember. Manajer kredit memperkirakan €12,000
tidak tertagih.
Bad debt expense 12,000Dec. 31
Allowance for doubtful accounts 12,000
Accounts Receivable
LO 3 Distinguish between the methods and bases companies use to value accounts receivable.
8-24
Illustration 8-3Presentation of allowancefor doubtful accounts
Accounts Receivable
LO 3 Distinguish between the methods and bases companies use to value accounts receivable.
8-25
Ilustrasi: Wakil presiden Keuangan Hampson Furniture
mengotorisasi penghapusan €500 saldo piutang balance R. A. Ware
pada 1 Maret 2015. Jurnalnya:
Allowance for doubtful accounts 500Mar. 1
Accounts receivable 500
Illustration 8-4
Accounts Receivable
LO 3 Distinguish between the methods and bases companies use to value accounts receivable.
Recording Write-Off of an Uncollectible Account
8-26
1
July 1
Ilustrasi: Pada 1 Juli, R. A. Ware membayar €500 yang sudah
dihapus pada 1 Maret. Jurnal yang dibuat Hampson:
Accounts receivable 500
Allowance for doubtful accounts 500
Recovery of an Uncollectible Account
Cash 500
Accounts receivable 500
Accounts Receivable
LO 3 Distinguish between the methods and bases companies use to value accounts receivable.
8-27LO 3 Distinguish between the methods and bases
companies use to value accounts receivable.
Illustration 8-6
Accounts Receivable
Estimating the Allowance
Emphasis on Income Statement Relationships
Emphasis on Statement of Financial Position Relationships
8-28
Manajemen mengestimasi bebrapa persen dari penjualan kredit yang akan tidak tertagih. Persentase ini berdasarkan pengalaman di masa lalu dan kebijakan kredit
Mengestimasi Allowance
Accounts Receivable
LO 3 Distinguish between the methods and bases companies use to value accounts receivable.
Illustration 8-6
Menekankan pada hubungan Income Statement
8-29
Ilustrasi: Misal Gonzalez Company memilih menggunakan basis persentase penjualan (percentage-of-sales). Diputuskan 1% penjualan kredit bersih akan tidak tertagih. Bila penjualan kredit bersih 2014 €800,000, jurnal penyesuaian adalah:
LO 3 Distinguish between the methods and bases companies use to value accounts receivable.
Bad debts expense 8,000Dec. 31
Allowance for doubtful accounts 8,000
Percentage-of-Sales
* €800,000 x 1%
*
Accounts Receivable
8-30
Menekankan pada penandingan expenses dg revenues.
Jurnal penyesuaian untuk mencatat bad debts expense
mengabaikan saldo yang ada pada akun Allowance for
Doubtful Accounts.
LO 3 Distinguish between the methods and bases companies use to value accounts receivable.
Percentage-of-Sales
Illustration 8-7
Accounts Receivable
8-31
Manajemen menetapkan persentase hubungan antara jumlah piutang dan kerugian yang diperkirakan dari piutang tak tertagih
Estimating the Allowance
Accounts Receivable
LO 3 Distinguish between the methods and bases companies use to value accounts receivable.
Illustration 8-6
Menekankan hubungan Statement of Financial Position
8-32
Illustration 8-8
Menghitung umur piutang - saldo pelanggan diklasifikasikan berdasarkan lamanya waktu mereka belum dibayar.
Accounts Receivable
LO 3
8-33
Ilustrasi: Misal unadjusted trial balance menunjukan Allowance for
Doubtful Accounts bersaldo kredit $528. Siapkan jurnal
penyesuaian dengan asumsi estimasi piutang tak tertagih
berdasarkan tabel umur adalah $2,228 .
Bad debts expense 1,700Dec. 31
Allowance for doubtful accounts 1,700
Illustration 8-9 Bad debts accounts after posting
Estimating the Allowance
Accounts Receivable
LO 3
8-34
Alasan utama perusahaan menjual piutang.
1. Piutang mungkin satu-satunya sumber kas.
2. Penagihan sering memakan waktu dan mahal.
LO 4 Describe the entries to record the disposition of accounts receivable.
Pelepasan Accounts Receivable
Accounts Receivable
8-35 LO 4 Describe the entries to record the disposition of accounts receivable.
Factor
Perusahaan Keuangan atau bank.
Membeli piutang dari perusahaan dan menagih
pembayaran langsung ke pelanggan.
Mengenakan komisi pada perusahaan yang menjual
piutang.
Komisi mulai dari 1-3% dari piutang yang dibeli.
Sale of Receivables
Accounts Receivable
8-36
Ilustrasi: Misal Tsai Furniture menjual NT$600,000 dari piutang pada Federal Factors. Federal Factors mengenakan biaya jasa 2% dari jumlah piutang yang dijual. Jurnal untuk mencatat penjualan piutang Tsai Furniture:
LO 4 Describe the entries to record the disposition of accounts receivable.
Accounts receivable
600,000
Cash 588,000
Service charge expense 12,000
(NT$600,000 x 2% = NT$12,000)
Accounts Receivable
8-37 LO 4 Describe the entries to record the disposition of accounts receivable.
Dicatat sebagai penjualan tunai.
Pedagang membayar biaya 2 to 6% pada penerbit kartu
untuk memproses transaksi.
Accounts Receivable
Credit Card Sales
8-38 LO 4 Describe the entries to record the disposition of accounts receivable.
Illustration: Lee Co. Membeli lagu NT$6,000 untuk restorannya dari Yang Music Co., menggunakan Visa First Bank Card. First Bank mengenakan biaya 3%. Jurnal pada Yang Music :
Sales revenue
6,000
Cash 5,820
Service charge expense 180
Accounts Receivable
8-39
Perusahaan dapat memberikan kredit yang ditukar dengan
promissory note. Promissory note adalah janji tertulis untuk
membayar sejumlah uang pada waktu tertentu.
Promissory notes mungkin digunakan
1. saat persedorangan atau perusahaan meminjam atau
meminjamkan uang,
2. ketika jumlah transaksi dan jangka waktu kredit melebihi
batas normal, atau
3. penyelesaian piutang.
Notes Receivable
8-40
Illustration 8-11
Untuk penerima, promissory note adalah note receivable.
Untuk pembuat, promissory note adalah note payable.
Notes Receivable
8-41 LO 5 Compute the maturity date of and interest on notes receivable.
Note dinyatakan dalam
Months
Days
Computing InterestIllustration 8-14
Menentukan Tanggal Jatuh Tempo (Maturity Date)
Notes Receivable
8-42
Saat menghitung hari, abaikan tanggal penerbitan note,
tapi tambahkan tanggal jatuh tempo.
Illustration 8-15
Computing Interest
Notes Receivable
LO 5 Compute the maturity date of and interest on notes receivable.
8-43
Ilustrasi: Calhoun Company menulis ₤1,000, two-month, 12%
promissory note tertanggal 1 Mei, untuk menyelesaikan
piutang pada Wilma Company. Jurnal Wilma Company untuk
mencatat penerimaan note.
Notes receivable 1,000
Accounts receivable 1,000
Recognizing Notes Receivable
Notes Receivable
LO 6 Explain how companies recognize notes receivable.
May 1
8-44
Valuing Notes Receivable
Melaporkan short-term notes receivable pada cash
(net) realizable value.
Estimasi cash realizable value dan bad debts expense
sama seperti pada accounts receivable.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts is used.
Notes Receivable
LO 7 Describe how companies value notes receivable.
8-45
Pelepasan Notes Receivable
LO 8 Describe the entries to record the disposition of notes receivable.
1. Notes bisa dipegang sampai tanggal jatuh tempo.
2. Penerbit mungkin gagal bayar dan penerima harus
membuat penyesuaian.
3. Pemegang mempercepat konversi ke kas dengan
menjual note receivable.
Notes Receivable
8-46
Honor of Notes Receivable
LO 8 Describe the entries to record the disposition of notes receivable.
Penerbit membayar penuh pada tanggal jatuh tempo.
Dishonor of Notes Receivable
Tidak dibayar penuh pada saat jatuh tempo.
Tidak bisa dinegosiasikan.
Notes Receivable
Pelepasan Notes Receivable
8-47
Ilustrasi: Wolder Co. meminjamkan pada Higley Co. €10,000
pada 1 Juni, menerima five-month, 9% interest note. Bila Wolder
menyajikan jurnal atas note dari Higley Co. per 1 November,
pada saat jatuh tempo, jurnal Wolder :
Honor of Notes Receivable
LO 8 Describe the entries to record the disposition of notes receivable.
Cash 10,375Nov. 1
Notes receivable 10,000
Interest revenue 375
(€10,000 x 9% x 5/12 = € 375)
Notes Receivable
8-48 LO 8 Describe the entries to record the disposition of notes receivable.
Interest receivable 300Sept. 1
Interest revenue 300
(€10,000 x 9% x 4/12 = € 300)
Illustration 8-16
Notes Receivable
Accrual of Interest Receivable
Ilustrasi: Misalkan Wolder menyusun laporan keuangan per 30
September, jurnal penyesuaiannya adalah.
8-49 LO 8 Describe the entries to record the disposition of notes receivable.
Cash 10,375Nov. 1
Notes receivable 10,000
Interest receivable 300
Interest revenue 75
Notes Receivable
Accrual of Interest Receivable
Ilustrasi: Siapkan jurnal Wolder pada saat pelunasan di tanggal
1 November.
8-50 LO 8 Describe the entries to record the disposition of notes receivable.
Accounts receivable 10,375Nov. 1
Notes receivable 10,000
Interest revenue 375
Notes Receivable
Dishonor of Notes Receivable
Ilustrasi: Misal ada indikasi bahwa Higley Co tidak dapat
membayar pada tanggal 1 November. Jika Wolder Co.
mengharap akan ada penagihan di kemudian hari, maka
jurnalnya adalah (asumsi tidak ada bunga akrual sebelumnya)
8-51
Presentation
Identify in the statement of financial position or in the notes
each major type of receivable.
Report short-term receivables as current assets.
Report both gross amount of receivables and allowance for
doubtful account.
Report bad debt expense and service charge expense as
selling expenses.
Report interest revenue under “Other income and
expense.”
SFP
IS
Statement Presentation and Analysis
LO 9 Explain the statement presentation and analysis of receivables.
8-52
Analysis
Illustration 8-17
Statement Presentation and Analysis
LO 9 Explain the statement presentation and analysis of receivables.
Illustration: In a recent year Lenovo Group (CHN) had net sales
of $14,901 million for the year. It had a beginning accounts
receivable (net) balance of $861million and an ending accounts
receivable (net) balance of $728 million. Assuming that Lenovo’s
sales were all on credit, its accounts receivable turnover ratio
is computed as follows.
$14,901 ÷$861 + $728
2= 18.8 times
8-53
Analysis
Illustration 8-18
Statement Presentation and Analysis
LO 9 Explain the statement presentation and analysis of receivables.
Illustration: Variant of the accounts receivable turnover ratio is
average collection period in terms of days.Illustration 8-17
$14,901 ÷$861 + $728
2= 18.8 times
365 days ÷ = 19.4 days18.8 times