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LINGUA INGLESE

B1 ENGLISH GRAMMAR

LEXIS

MORPHOLOGY

Dott.ssa Christina Cawthra

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Entrance Test

Choose the correct answer. 1. (a) What time do you usually get up? (b) What time usually do you get up? (c) What time do usually you get up?

2. Does she work in an office? (a) Yes, she works. (b) Yes, she does. (c) Yes, she does work.

3. (a) Does he got a sister? (b) Does he has a sister? (c) Does he have a sister?

4. (a) Champagne doesnt come from Italy. (b) Champagne not comes from Italy. (c) Champagne doesnt comes from Italy.

5. (a) I am not understanding the problem. Can you explain? (b) I do not understand the problem. Can you explain? (c) I not understand the problem. Can you explain?

6. (a) Do you can speak Japanese? (b) Do you speak Japanese? (c) Do you to speak Japanese?

7. (a) I have a party on Friday. Do you want to come? (b) I am having a party on Friday. Do you want to come? (c) I going to have a party on Friday. Do you want to come?

8. (a) What film stars are you liking? (b) What film stars you like? (c) What film stars do you like?

9. (a) Where did you be yesterday? (b) Where were you yesterday? (c) Where did you were yesterday?

10. (a) Did you enjoyed your holiday? (b) Did you enjoy your holiday? (c) Did you enjoying your holiday?

11. (a) I was watching the news when the phone rang. (b) I watched the news when the phone rang. (c) I had watch the news when the phone rang.

12. (a) What would you like doing this evening? (b) What would you like to do this evening (c) What would you like do this evening?

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13. (a) The teacher made the student to do his homework again. (b) The teacher made the student do his homework again. (c) The teacher made the student doing his homework again.

14. (a) He is very interested study philosophy. (b) He is very interested in studying philosophy. (c) He is very interested to study philosophy.

15. (a) The phones ringing. Im going to answer it. (b) The phones ringing. Ill answer it. (c) The phones ringing. I answer it.

16. (a) The weather forecast says it snows today. (b) The weather forecast says it is snowing today. (c) The weather forecast says it is going to snow today.

17. (a) I first came to Venice in 1987. (b) I first have come to Venice in 1987. (c) I first had come to Venice in 1987.

18. (a) My father never has ate caviar. He doesnt like it. (b) My father has never eaten caviar. He doesnt like it. (c) My father never ate caviar. He doesnt like it.

19. (a) If I have time tomorrow, I phone you. (b) If I have time tomorrow, I will phone you. (c) If I have time tomorrow, I am phoning you.

20. (a) The doctor said I should stop smoking. (b) The doctor said I might stop smoking. (c) The doctor said I have stop smoking.

21. (a) He will send me an e-mail as soon as he has time. (b) He will send me an e-mail as soon as he will have time. (c) He will send me an e-mail as soon as he is having time.

22. (a) When I was young I used playing the piano. (b) When I was young I used to play the piano. (c) When I was young I used to playing the piano.

23. (a) Mercedes cars are made in Germany. (b) Mercedes cars made in Germany. (c) Mercedes cars are making in Germany.

24. (a) If you won the lottery, what would you do? (b) If you won the lottery, what you do? (c) If you won the lottery, what will you do?

25. (a) The advice he gave me was very useful. (b) The advice he gave me were very useful.

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(c) The advices he gave me were very useful.

26. (a) Nurses look for people who are ill. (b) Nurses look after people who are ill. (c) Nurses look up people who are ill.

27. (a) Excuse me. Could you tell me where the post-office is? (b) Excuse me. Could you tell me where is the post-office? (c) Excuse me. Could you tell me where the post-office?

28. (a) There isnt a lot milk in the fridge. Shall I go to the supermarket? (b) There isnt many milk in the fridge. Shall I go to the supermarket? (c) There isnt much milk in the fridge. Shall I go to the supermarket?

29. (a) What did you have for a dinner last night? (b) What did you have for the dinner last night? (c) What did you have for dinner last night?

30. (a) Thats the woman which acted in Mary Poppins! (b) Thats the woman who acted in Mary Poppins! (c) Thats the woman acted in Mary Poppins!

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UNIT ONE: Word order; present simple / present continuous; have/have got; question forms; negative and short answers; plural and uncountable nouns; like; it/the; emphasis GRAMMAR REFERENCE: An Intermediate English Syntax (IES) Geraldine Ludbrook (Cafoscarina)

IES p. 17-18 EXERCISE 1 WORD ORDER IN QUESTIONS Put the words in the correct order to form a question.

1. tennis often play you how do ? __________________________________________________________ ?

2. get up time usually you what do ? __________________________________________________________ ?

3. staying where they are ? __________________________________________________________ ?

4. husband when your you meet did ? __________________________________________________________ ?

5. rang phone doing you what were when the ? __________________________________________________________ ?

6. the BBC how long you worked have - for ? __________________________________________________________ ?

7. free time doing what do like you your in ? __________________________________________________________ ?

8. father you your like do look ? __________________________________________________________ ?

9. you - summer next going where are ? __________________________________________________________ ?

10. you talking who to are ? __________________________________________________________ ?

Present simple general truths: Christmas is on 25th December habitual action: I go to the gym every evening describing art/literary works: The painting represents the artists dream programmed future event: Term ends on Friday subordinate clause in future time: Well phone you if we have an answer

Present progressive emphasis of continuing character of action in or around present: Hes studying at the moment future event: Im meeting my professor tomorrow

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Dynamic and state verbs Dynamic verbs (describing an action) can be used in the progressive form. State verbs (describing a state) are not usually used in this form. Some verbs can be both dynamic and state, depending on their meaning. Some state verbs are:

like satisfy love hate prefer remember forget believe mean

(significance) seem understand want need know belong own doubt recognize cost owe matter contain suppose astonish concern detest wish depend

Some verbs that can be both:

think look feel be have hear taste see appear smell

IES p. 95-98; 105-108 EXERCISE 2 PRESENT SIMPLE AND PRESENT PROGRESSIVE Put the verbs in the correct form.

Two friends are talking. 1. Hello Tom. I havent seen you for ages. What ________________ (you/do) at the moment? 2. I ________________ (study) economics at university. 3. Do your parents ________________ (still/have) a dog? 4. Yes, they ________________. What about you? ________________ (still / you / play) football? 5. Yes. I ________________ (play) three times a week.

6. Whats the matter? You ________________ (look) very upset 7. I ________________ (not understand) this maths problem. Can you help me? 8. Of course. What ________________ (you /study) at the moment? Algebra. 9. Whos your teacher? Mr Brown. ________________ (you / know) him?. 10. No. I ________________ (think) of going to the cinema tonight. Would you like to come?

EXERCISE 3 Which sentence is correct? 1. Were studying the history of art this year. We study the history of art this year.

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2. Are you understanding the book? Do you understand the book? 3. Im loving chocolate ice cream. I love chocolate ice cream. 4. What a lovely party. Everyone enjoys it. What a lovely party. Everyone is enjoying it. 5. He works at the moment. He is working at the moment. 6. She speaks Russian and Chinese. She is speaking Russian and Chinese. 7. I usually walk to work. I am usually walking to work. 8. Salvatore comes from Sicily. Salvatore coming from Sicily.

EXERCISE 4 Complete the following with the present simple or present continuous. 1. Tom ________________ (work) in a pizzeria. 2. We _____________ (meet) Anna for dinner this evening. 3. What ______________ he ___________________ (do) at the moment? 4. Liz always _______________ (look) so glamorous! 5. ___________ you _________ (come) down? Dinner is ready.

EXERCISE 5 Correct the mistakes in the following sentences 1. She cant come to the phone now. She has a shower. 2. We are needing an answer from you before Wednesday. 3. Are you going out this evening? I dont know. It is depending on the weather. 4. Are you owning this motorbike? 5.Id like to buy this coat. How much is it costing? 6. Im usually getting up at 6.00 7. This exercise is difficult. Im not understanding it. 8. Excuse me. Are you knowing the way to the museum?

EXERCISE 6 Choose the correct answer. 1. It is my brothers birthday today and he (has / is having / having) a party. 2. We (go / going / are going) round to his house at seven o clock this evening. 3. He (not usually celebrates / doesnt usually celebrate / isnt usually celebrating ) his birthday but this one is special because hes forty. 4. After work I (go / am going / will going) to buy him a present.

EXERCISE 7 HAVE VS. HAVE GOT Choose the correct sentence.

1. (a) Do you got two sisters? (b) Have you got two sisters? (c) Have you two sisters?

2. (a) She cant answer the phone. She has a bath. (b) She cant answer the phone. She has got a bath.

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(c) She cant answer the phone. She is having a bath.

3. (a) He is having four children two boys and two girls. (b) He does has four children two boys and two girls. (c) He has got four children two boys and two girls.

4. (a) I havent got any money. I must go to the bank. (b) I dont got any money. I must go to the bank. (c) I havent any money. I must go to the bank.

IES p. 25-28 EXERCISE 8 PLURAL AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

Complete the following sentences with is or are 1. Your hair ________ really long. You need a haircut. 2. My glasses ________ dirty. 3. Where ________ the money I gave you this morning? 4. The information the tourist office gave us ________ very useful. 5. The police ________ questioning the student about the murder. 6. Have you heard the news? It ________ really terrible. 7. This homework ________ really difficult. Can you help me? 8. His advice ________ to study more. 9. Our furniture ________ 10 years old. Lets look for something new. 10. The people ________ furious because the Prime Minister wants to increase the taxes.

EXERCISE 9 Correct the mistakes in the following sentences. 1. The teacher gave me some good advices. 2. Can you give me any informations? 3. The furnitures in this shop are very expensive. 4. Today Ive many works to do. 5. The police is looking for the thief. 6. People is complaining about the latest rise in taxes.

EXERCISE 10 LIKE

Match the questions with the correct answers. 1. What is your new neighbour like? A. Blond with blue eyes. 2. How is your father? B. Very friendly. 3. What does your son look like? C. Playing football. 4. What does he like doing in his free time? D. Much better, thank you.

IES p. 58-59 EXERCISE 11 IT/THERE

Complete the sentences with it or there 1. ________ wasnt a good idea to phone him. 2. Are ________ any good Indian restaurants here? 3. Is ________ any butter in the fridge?

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4. Is that a Siamese cat? ________ has very big ears! 5. ________ was raining when we left. 6. ________ was with great joy that we heard he was well. 7. Hurry up! ________ is half past eight already. 8. Her house is enormous. ________ are six bedrooms. 9. ________ is a pity we cant go to that party tonight. 10. Im afraid ________ is too late now. Theyve sold it.

EXERCISE 12 NEGATIVE ADVERBIALS Rewrite the following sentences 1. He had hardly finished when the computer switched itself off. ___________________________________________________

2. I have never seen such a terrible film. ___________________________________________________

3. Stephen not only went round the world, he went by boat. ___________________________________________________

4. The children rarely get such wonderful presents as these. ___________________________________________________

5. She became so angry that she nearly hit him. ___________________________________________________

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PROGRESS TEST 1

1. What kind of a car ______________ ? [U6 p95] / does she has / she has / has she got /

2. I ______________ to work by car, but sometimes I walk. [U4 p81] / go usually / 'm usually going / usually go /

3. People ______________ against the rise in taxes. [U2 p27] / is protesting / are protesting / protests /

4. Why are you under the table? What ______________ ? [U6 p104] / do you do / do you / are you doing /

5. I ______________ what you are talking about. [U6 p108] / don't know / 'm not knowing / not know /

6. They saved our ______________. [U2 p2 7] / life / lives / the life /

7. Who ______________ the window? [U1 p17] / did break / broke / has broke /

8. ______________ was with great horror that I learnt the truth. [U3 p58] / That / It / What /

9. Never ______________ such a terrible accident! [U4 p84] / have I seen / I have seen / have I see /

10. He's got a wonderful life, ______________ ? [U1 p19] / hasn't he / has he / doesn't he /

Mistakes 1. I'm not seeing what the problem is. [U6 p108] 2. The police is examining the case. [U2 p27] 3. What do you in your spare time? [U1 p17] 4. What strange day! [U1 p21] 5. She can't come now. She has a bath. [U6 p108] 6. There isn't nothing I could do. [U1 p15] 7. I need informations about accommodation in Venice. [U2 p25] 8. Look! There is snowing. [U3 p61] 9. How is your new neighbour like? [U1 p17]

I'm visiting my sister-in-laws tomorrow. [U2 p30]

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UNIT 2: past tenses; present perfect; for/since; used to; articles; some/any; much/many; possessives; present and past participles; comparatives and superlatives

Past simple action occurring in past before time of speaking: Susan arrived an hour ago past subjunctive in hypothetical conditions: I wish he were here reported speech: She asked me if I played the piano

Past progressive continuing action in the past: We were eating when you called earlier describing scenes: The sun was shining and the birds were singing

Past perfect action taking place in the past preceding another action in the past: the train had left when I arrived at the station past unreal events in hypothetical statements: If I had studied English better, I wouldnt have failed the exam reported speech: He said he had gone to the shops the day before

IES p. 98 EXERCISE 13 PAST SIMPLE / NEGATIVES AND IRREGULAR VERBS Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets in the past simple.

1. When ____________ (you /move) to Italy? 2. Yesterday I ____________ (not / go) shopping because I was too tired. 3. When she was young she ____________ (use ) to go swimming every day. 4. There ____________ (be) a lot of people at the concert last week. 5. Im sorry. I ____________ (not /have) time to phone. Ill do it now. 6. I ____________ (eat) too much for lunch. I think Ill go for a walk. 7. He ____________ (write) to me but I havent replied yet. 8. What ____________ (you /say) ? I wasnt listening. 9. They ____________ (drive) for two hours and then stopped for a rest. 10. Who ____________ (drink) all the milk? Theres none left.

EXERCISE 14 Complete the sentences with the past simple of the verbs in brackets. 1. He _____________ (stop) working at 7 pm. 2. Richard _____________ (work) in a restaurant last summer. 3. I _____________ (not/see) my friends last weekend. 4. _____________ they _____________ (go) on holiday last year? 5. Tom _____________ (leave) school in 2008. 6. When _____________ you _____________ (come) to Italy? 7. Mark _____________ (fix) my stereo for me last night. 8. My grandmother _____________ (have) a cottage in the country. 9. When_____________ the film _____________ (finish)? 10. They _____________ (organize) a surprise party for me.

EXERCISE 15 What is the past simple of the following verbs?

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1. fall 2. send 3. find 4. eat 5. buy 6. drink 7. keep 8. tell 9. write 10. break 11. bring 12. catch

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EXERCISE 16 Re-write the following sentences in the past: 1. I go shopping every Saturday. Yesterday 2. He doesnt play tennis on Fridays. Last Friday 3. Do you like that book? .

4. I have got two cats. When I was young I 5. They dont like travelling by car. .

EXERCISE 17 Make sentences with the following words using the past simple. 1. When / they / leave / school? _________________________________

2. He / wait / for two hours but she / not phone. _________________________________

3. You / see the film on TV last night? _________________________________

4. Tom / stop smoking last week / and he start playing football yesterday. _________________________________

5. They ask / the teacher a question / but she / not answer. _________________________________

EXERCISE 18 Correct the mistakes in the following sentences 1. Where did you went last night? 2. I didnt knew the answer. 3. Sue maked a lot of noise. 4. I didnt liked my new teacher. 5. Took you your medicine? 6. Helen comed home late last night. 7. I didnt got up early this morning. 8. What did you saw at the cinema.

EXERCISE 19 Complete the sentences with the past continuous form of the verbs in brackets 1. The sun _____________ (shine) this morning but it isnt now. 2. Helen _____________ (tell) us a joke when you arrived. 3. I closed the door because the children _____________ (make) a noise. 4. I saw your father five minutes ago he _____________ (read) a newspaper. 5. The students _____________ (not do) anything when the teacher entered the classroom. 6. They _____________ (have) dinner when I rang. 7. He _____________ still _____________ (work) hard when I phoned at eleven. 8. Who _____________ you _____________ (talk) to on the phone this morning when I saw you?

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EXERCISE 20 IES p. 98; p. 106 PAST SIMPLE / PAST CONTINUOUS Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets.

1.____________ (you / speak) to Sally? No. She ____________ (have) a bath when I phoned. 2. Who ____________ (you /speak) to when I saw you yesterday? A friend I ____________ (meet) at the tennis club. 3. Look! It ____________ (snow) last night. Everything is white. 4. What ____________ (you /think) about McEwans latest book? 5. While I ____________ (walk) to work, I ____________ (phone) the dentist. 6. The station ____________ (be) full of people who ____________ (wait) for the train because it was late. 7. He ____________ (drive) to the airport when he ____________ (hear) the news. 8. When he ____________ (drive) to work, he ____________ (have) an accident. 9. What ____________ (you / do) at seven o clock yesterday? When I phoned nobody ____________ (answer) the phone. 10. When the doctor ____________ (arrive), the child ____________ (sleep).

EXERCISE 21 Write questions for the following answers. 1. I was reading a book at 9 o clock. _____________________________________

2. Yes, the sun was shining. _____________________________________

3. No, I wasnt laughing about you. _____________________________________

4. No, the television wasnt working. _____________________________________

5. They were playing football when I left. _____________________________________

IES p. 102-104 EXERCISE 22 PAST SIMPLE /PAST PERFECT Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets.

1. The students ____________ (arrive) late because the train ____________ (break down). 2. They were late and when they ____________ (come) home, everyone ____________ (finish) their meal. 3. My husband ____________ (be) furious when he ____________ (get) home because he ____________ (have) an argument with his boss. 4. When it ____________ (start) to rain, he ____________ (catch) the bus because he ____________ (forget) to take an umbrella. 5. I ____________ (go) home early because the children ____________ (forget) their keys.

EXERCISE 23 PAST SIMPLE /PAST PERFECT / PAST CONTINUOUS Complete the passage with the correct form of the verb in brackets.

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Fred Lorz, from New York, 1. ____________ (win) the marathon at the St Louis Olympic Games in 1904. He 2. ____________ (finish) the race in three hours 13 minutes. After the race Fred 3. ____________ (wait) to get his medal and the spectators 4. ____________ (cheer) him. Alice Roosevelt, the daughter of the US President, 5. ____________ (be) in the crowd and some journalists 6. ____________ (take) a photograph of Fred with her. But then suddenly somebody 7. ____________ (start) shouting cheat and soon everybody 8. ____________ (shout) the same thing. It was true. Fred 9. ____________ (travel) 18 of the 42 kilometres in a friends car! Fred 10. ____________ (not / win) the gold medal and he was banned from athletics.

IES p. 100-102 EXERCISE 24 PRESENT PERFECT Rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning.

1. I met Carol 10 years ago and we are still good friends. I have known Carol for ten years.

2. I bought my bag in 2001 and I still have it. I

3. I moved to Venice in 1990 and still live there. I

4. She began teaching in 1980 and still teaches. She

5. They came to university at nine o clock this morning and are still there. They

EXERCISE 25 Read the sentences in the past simple. Write new sentences using the Present Perfect without the time expression. 1. I bought some books on Sunday. _______________________________________

2. We put up some new pictures last week. _______________________________________

3. My husband fixed the shelves at the weekend. _______________________________________

4. We painted the house three years ago. _______________________________________

5. We replaced all the windows last year. _______________________________________

EXERCISE 26 PRESENT PERFECT / PAST SIMPLE Choose the correct sentence

1. Can I have another book? I read this one.

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I have read this one.

2. Can you wait for me? I havent finished yet. I didnt finish yet.

3. What did you have for dinner last night? What have you had for dinner last night?

4. Have you ever been to New York? Did you ever go to New York?

5. When you were a student did you go to lots of parties? When you were a student have you gone to lots of parties?

6. The film started at seven o clock not at eight. The film has started at seven o clock not at eight.

7. She lived there for ten years now. She has lived there for ten years now.

8. Where did you go on holiday last year? Where have you gone on holiday last year?

9. Colombus has discovered America in 1492. Colombus discovered America in 1492.

IES p. 101 EXERCISE 27 FOR / SINCE Complete the following sentences with for or since

1. They have been watching television __________ two o clock. 2. She has known her husband __________ thirty-five years. 3. I havent seen my best-friend __________ Christmas. 4. Theyve been playing with the computer __________ ages. Its time they stopped. 5. My father has had his car __________ fifteen years and he has no intention of buying a new one. 6. She has had that car ________ 1995. 7. My mother hasnt visited us _______ last Easter.

EXERCISE 28 Choose the correct answer: 1. I live here / I have lived here for seventeen years. 2. Someone has just stolen / just stole my car. 3. Im afraid the boat has left / left an hour ago. 4. Yesterday I have lost / lost my wallet 5. When did England win / has England won the World Cup?

EXERCISE 29 Complete the following sentences with one of the following: yet already just never ever still

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1. Has he finished his homework ________ ? 2. Have you _____ been to the United States? 3. Wait I minute. I have _______ come home. Let me take off my coat. 4. She _____ hasnt sent me the bill. Thats strange. 5. I have ______ seen such a terrible film in all my life.

EXERCISE 30 Find and correct a mistake in each sentence 1. I am here since last week. 2. Kevin had his new job for nine months. He loves it. 3. I lived here for ten years but Im going to move soon. 4. Margaret knows Mike for a year and a half. 5. We have been to New York in 2008. 6. How long do you have your cat? 7. They have known each other since three days. 8. Jane was a doctor for thirty years and she still enjoys it. 9. How long do you live in this town? 10. Shes had a headache for this morning.

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Used to do / To be used to doing To be used to doing (adjective + preposition + gerund) expresses being accustomed to doing something in the present: I am used to getting up at 6.00 am. I was not used to going to bed late.

Used to do (verb + infinitive) expresses an action done regularly in the past, but not now (or vice versa): I used to swim a lot when I was young. I didnt use to drive a car to work, but now I do.

IES p. 138-139 EXERCISE 31 USED TO Make sentences (affirmative/negative/interrogative) with used to

1. Sally / have / a cat ? _______________________________________________________ ?

2. People / not use / a computer. _______________________________________________________

3. She / go / skiing ? _______________________________________________________ ?

4. They / not like / classical music. _______________________________________________________

5. Martins family / live / in Tokyo. _______________________________________________________

6. I / not drink / coffee _______________________________________________________

7. Your children / watch TV? _______________________________________________________ ?

8. Tom / not work / in a bank. _______________________________________________________.

IES p. 41-51 EXERCISE 32 THE / AN / A / - Insert the correct answer. 1. Where is __________ telephone? I cant find it. 2. What happened at __________ end of __________ film? 3. Have you met my father? Hes __________ lawyer. 4. __________ River Thames starts near __________ Oxford in a village called Lechlade. 5. That was __________ best film I have seen for a long time. 6. __________ old people often feel lonely. 7. __________ rich are getting richer and richer and __________ poor are getting poorer and poorer. 8. Dont forget you have __________ appointment with __________ dentist at three oclock. 9. They took __________ x-ray of his leg because it hurt.

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10. What time do you usually have __________ dinner?

EXERCISE 33 Correct the following sentences using a, an, or the 1. The life is wonderful when the sun is shining. 2. Im reading interesting book at the moment. 3. My brothers accountant in a big company in London. 4. I really love walking on beach near my house. 5. Excuse me, is there post-office near here? 6. I bought pair of jeans on Oxford Street yesterday. 7. Paris is capital city of France. 8. He lives in small village in mountains in Austria.

IES p. 71 EXERCISE 34 SOME / ANY Complete the sentences below with some or any

1. There arent __________ good Italian restaurants in this city. 2. Could you buy __________ milk when you go to the supermarket please? 3. Do you have __________ good books you can lend me? 4. There are __________ keys on the table. Are they yours? 5. Could you give me __________ information please?

EXERCISE 35 MUCH/MANY/HOW MUCH / HOW MANY 1. __________________ children has Liz got? 2. There isnt __________________ milk. 3. There werent __________________ people at the party. 4. __________________ hours do you work a week? 5. __________________ time have we got left?

EXERCISE 36 SOME / ANY 1. Toms got __________________ books for you. 2. The shop didnt have __________________ fresh fruit. 3. Please can I have __________________ more water? 4. They say they cant give us __________________ more information. 5. No, sorry. I cant lend you __________________ money.

EXERCISE 37 SOME- / ANY- / NOTHING / SOME- / ANY- / NOBODY A: I think I can hear ___________________ walking on the stairs. B: Hello, is ___________________ there? A: I cant see ___________________ B. OK. Theres obviously ___________________ there.

A: Whats the matter? B: Oh, Im going to a party on Friday and I cant find ___________________ to wear. A: Dont worry. Ive got ___________________ you can borrow.

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EXERCISE 38 IES p. 76-77 MUCH / MANY / FEW / LITTLE Complete the sentences below with one of the words/expressions in the box below.

much (3x) many (2x) little (3) few (2x)

1. There isnt __________ time. Youd better hurry up or we will miss the train. 2. Have you seen __________ films in English? 3. How __________ is that jacket? Its beautiful. 4. How __________ people live in Venice? 5. Not everyone could sit down at the concert. There were too __________ chairs. 6. Im sorry I have so __________ time. I would have loved to talk to you for a while. 7. There were a __________ problems with the contract but they soon sorted it out. 8. There was __________ information on the notice board. I had to ask them for more. 9. How __________ flour do we need to make that cake? Half a kilo? 10. We cant go on holiday. Weve got too __________ money.

IES p. 55 EXERCISE 39 POSSESSIVES Complete the following conversation by choosing the correct answer.

Mary: Is that (my / mine / the my ) mobile phone, Ann? Ann: No, this is ( mine / my / the mine). Mary: Yes, youre right. Its silver not black. Whos got (my / mine / the mine) then? Ann: Perhaps Sandra. ( Her / Hers / The Sandras ) is black, too. Mary: Why dont we phone (the my / my / mine ) number and see (who / whose / whos) phone rings?

IES p. 71 EXERCISE 40 NOBODY / NOTHING / SOMEBODY / SOMETHING / ANYBODY / ANYTHING Complete the following sentences with one of the words in the box below.

somebody something nothing nobody anything anybody

1. The lights are on. __________ must be home. 2. There isnt __________ to eat. Shall we go out for a pizza? 3.There was __________ I could do to help. I felt terrible. 4. __________ is answering the phone. Ill try again later. 5. Would you like __________ to drink?

IES p. 69 EXERCISE 41 PRESENT PARTICIPLES (-ing) / PAST PARTICPLES (-ed ) Complete each pair of sentences with the correct form of the adjective.

1. I was so (bored / boring) with the book I couldnt finish it. The book was so (bored / boring) that I couldnt finish it. 2. The children were really (frightened / frightening) by the storm last night.

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The storm last night was really (frightened / frightening), 3. The lecture the visiting professor gave yesterday was extremely (interested / interesting). I was very (interested / interesting) in the lecture the visiting professor gave yesterday. 4. She was (embarrassed / embarrassing) by her mistake. She found her mistake very (embarrassed / embarrassing). 5. The children are really (exciting / excited) about Christmas. Children think Christmas is really (exciting / excited).

EXERCISE 42 Find and correct any sentences that are wrong. 1. Its nearly Christmas. The children are so exciting. 2. The instructions were very confusing. 3. Theres nothing to do here. Its a very bored village. 4. The film was so frightened that the children went upstairs. 5. Theyre very worried about the future. 6. I was absolutely amazing that Tom lost his job! 7. I can see you arent very interesting in my problems. 8. The news is very depressed.

EXERCISE 43 COMPARATIVES / SUPERLATIVES Write the comparative and superlative of each adjective 1. easy ___________________ ___________________ 2. expensive ___________________ ___________________ 3. far ___________________ ___________________ 4. sad ___________________ ___________________ 5. interesting ___________________ ___________________ 6. big ___________________ ___________________ 7. good ___________________ ___________________ 8. funny ___________________ ___________________

EXERCISE 44 Choose the correct sentence in each pair. 1. a) My essay is better than yours b) My essay is more good than yours 2. a) This is the heavyest bag I have. b) This is the heaviest bag I have. 3. a) Its the worse place in the world. b) Its the worst place in the world 4. a) Florida is hotter than France b) Florida is hoter than France. 5. a) Revising is boringer than shopping. b) Revising is more boring than shopping.

EXERCISE 45 Complete the sentences with the comparative or superlative form of the adjective in brackets. 1. Ive never been ___________________ (happy). This is the ___________________ (happy) day of my life. 2. This restaurant is ___________________ (cheap) than the other one in the street. The food is really good, too. I think its the ___________________ (delicious) food in town. 3. Who is the ___________________ (popular) actor in your country?

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4. Ann is generous but Laura is even ___________________ (generous) than her. 5. Could you tell me the ___________________ (quick) way to get to Oxford from here? 6. Tom is a good player, but John is a ___________________ (good) player than him. But Mark is the ___________________ (talented) player in the team.

EXERCISE 46 Complete the sentences using as .. as and a word from the box. long difficult exciting tall much fast cold quiet high

1. I dont think a hippopotamus can run ___________________ a lion. 2. This winter is cold but its not ___________________ last winter. 3. Im a bit early. The journey didnt take ___________________ I thought. 4. The Eiffel Tower isnt ___________________ the Empire State Building. 5. The children are asleep so Ill be ___________________ I can. 6. I got an A in my exam! It wasnt ___________________ I thought it would be. 7. I dont like apples ______________________ oranges. 8. The Alps arent ___________________ the Himalayas.

EXERCISE 47 Complete the sentences below. Use than or as . as and the adjective in bold. 1. Tom isnt as tall as Mark. Mark is ___________________ Tom. 2. Florence isnt as expensive as London. London is ___________________ Florence. 3. Im not a very good singer. Carol is. Carol is a ___________________ me. 4. Shanghai is bigger than Moscow. Moscow isnt ___________________ Shanghai. 5. Her house isnt very far away. My house is much ___________________ than hers.

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PROGRESS TEST 2 1. We went to the cinema last night but we ______________ the film. [U6 p98]

/ didn't enjoy / didn't enjoyed / haven't enjoyed / 2. They are not at home. ______________ answered the phone. [U1 p15]

/ Anybody / Somebody / Nobody / 3. My mother ______________ by air. [U6 p100]

/ never has travelled / is never travelled / has never travelled / 4. I ______________ a long time. [U6 p100]

/ have known Jane for / have known Jane since / know Jane for / 5. There was ______________ interesting programme on the radio last night. [U3 p47]

/ the / a / an / 6. There was ______________ food in the fridge. It was nearly empty. [U3 p48]

/ few / little / much / 7. I went out to meet a friend of ______________. [U3 p55]

/ me / my / mine / 8. Jack ______________ to Paris three times this month. [U6 p100]

/ is gone / has gone / has been / 9. I ______________ on the left because I've lived in Britain for a long time. [U8 p139]

/ used to drive / am used to driving / used to driving / 10. I was exhausted yesterday evening. I ______________ a hard day at work. [U6 p102]

/ have had / had had / had been having /

Mistakes 1. I have been writing three letters this morning. [U6 p107] 2. Why did he went to the police station? [U1 p17] 3. The story is not as frightened as I expected. [U4 p69] 4. He is gone to Madrid. He'll be back tomorrow. [U6 p100] 5. What were you thinking about his last play? [U6 p109] 6. What's his job? He is the doctor. [U3 p41] 7. I'll have to restore the my house. [U3 p55] 8. Policemen wear the uniforms. [U3 p47] 9. It is too much cold to go out at the moment. [U7 p119] 10. We haven't seen her since a long time. [U6 p100]

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UNIT 3: Modals;

Modal auxiliary verbs have the following characteristics: There is no infinitive form of these verbs; they are followed by the bare infinitive of the verb (apart from ought to); there is no s in the third person singular present; they do not need the auxiliary do to form the interrogative and negative forms; they have no ed and ing forms. The modal auxiliaries are: can, could, will, would, shall, should, ought to, may, might, must

ABILITY / POSSIBILITY / PERMISSION / REQUEST: CAN / BE ABLE TO / BE ALLOWED TO / COULD Ability: Present: I can swim.

Past: I could ride a bicycle when I was 5. I have been able to speak English since I was at school. Future: I will be able to come to the meeting tomorrow.

Permission: Can/Could/May/Might I use your phone? We were allowed to leave the lesson early. Requests: Can / Could / Will / Would you buy me a newspaper, please? Possibility. It might/could/may rain later today.

IES p. 131-137 EXERCISE 48 Which category to the following sentences belong to? Ability 1 Possibility 2 Permission 3 Request 4

1. My brother can speak three languages. _____ 2. Can I leave early, please? _____ 3. You can leave your car there. _____ 4. Can you help me with my homework? _____ 5. You can buy stamps at the local tobacconist. _____

IES p. 132 EXERCISE 49 Choose the correct verb form in the following sentences. 1. My brothers daughter (is not allowed to / not allowed to /cannot allowed) come home after ten at night. 2. When I was young, I (could to play / could playing / could play) the clarinet. 3. Can you (able speak / able to speak / speak) Japanese? 4. Mr Smith (doesnt can come / cant come / cant able come) to the meeting.

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5. Unfortunately we (were unable to / unable to / couldnt able to ) go to the party because our son was ill. 6. She (is able to / can / has been able to) drive since she was 18. 7. It was too expensive so I (wasnt able buy / couldnt buy / couldnt to buy) it. 8. I (wont be able to / cant to / cant be able to) come to the meeting tomorrow. Im sorry. 9. He (wasnt able to / wasnt able / couldnt able) take the exam because he was ill. 10. It was snowing so heavily we (couldnt go / couldnt to go / not able to go ) out.

Obligation: Present. You must study more. You have to drive on the left in Britain.

Past. They had to go to hospital. Did you have to tidy your room when you were young?

Future. I will have to climb the stairs. The lift is out of order. Prohibition: You mustnt touch that dog. Its dangerous. He wasnt allowed to go out. No necessity: You dont have to / dont need to / neednt come with me if you dont want to.

IES p. 134-135 EXERCISE 50 OBLIGATION: MUST / HAVE TO

Rewrite the sentences using a form of have to (negative and affirmative) 1. Its necessary for children to wear a uniform. Children _________________________________ a uniform. 2. I can stay in bed until late tomorrow. I __________________________________ get up early tomorrow. 3. Why was it necessary for you to go to the office? Why ______________________________________ the office? 4. Must you leave so soon? _________________________________________ so soon? 5. I needed to make a phone call. I _____________________________________ a phone call. 6. It wasnt necessary for us to buy anything. We _______________________________________ anything.

EXERCISE 51 Write questions with have to 1. I have to learn a lot of words for homework. How many ______________________ ? 2. They have to wear a school uniform. What ______________________ ? 3. I had to wait a long time for my bus this morning.

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How long ______________________ ? 4. They have to leave early tomorrow. What time ______________________ ? 5. Im working all day on Saturday. ______________________ Sunday too? 6. I had to pay a parking fine yesterday. How much ______________________ ?

EXERCISE 52 Put the correct form of must or have to in the following sentences. 1. I __________ leave work early yesterday because I felt so ill. 2. Im very sorry. You __________ use your mobile phone in the library. Its forbidden. 3. The students are happy because they __________ do any homework today. 4. My father has been very ill. He __________ stay in bed since the beginning of the month. 5. That film was excellent. You __________ go and see it! 6. My train leaves at 12.15 so I __________ get up early. 7. You __________ take money from my purse ever again! 8. I can hear you perfectly well. You __________ shout. 9. The doctor said I __________ drink alcohol. 10. Mark knows well be late. You __________ phone him.

IES p. 133-135, 141 EXERCISE 53 MUST / HAVE TO / NEED TO / MUSTNT / DONT HAVE TO / NEEDNT Choose the correct option. 1. Her family is very rich. She (mustnt / mustnt to / neednt) work. 2. In this hotel you (mustnt / dont have to / dont need) pay for the water. Its free. 3. We (need / have to / must to) finish this assignment by Friday. 4. You (mustnt / dont have to / must) eat all your food. Leave some if you want. 5. In England children (have to / need / have) wear school uniforms. 6. You (mustnt smoke / dont have to smoke / mustnt to smoke) in here. Its forbidden. 7. Our English teacher isnt coming to school tomorrow so we (mustnt / dont have to / havent to) do our homework. 8. The doctor said I (mustnt / dont have to / neednt ) smoke so much. 9. You (mustnt / dont have to / neednt) use your mobile phone in the library. 10. Tomorrow I have an important meeting. I (have to / need / dont have) get up early.

EXERCISE 54 Find and correct any sentences that are wrong. 1. I think you should smoke less. 2. Do you can drive a car? 3. Tom thinks it may rain later. 4. You must tidy your bedroom 5. Cindy musts go to the doctor soon. 6. Im afraid we must to leave now. 7. The dog doesnt should bury bones in the garden. 8. Could you to lend me your phone? 9. She cans sing very well. 10. I dont wouldnt like to be a politician.

Advice: You should / ought to go to bed - you look tired. He had better study harder.

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IES p. 139-140 EXERCISE 55 MODALS TO EXPRESS ADVICE: SHOULD / OUGHT TO / HAD BETTER Match a sentence on the left with one on the right. 1. I feel really tired. A. You should look for a new one. 2. Ive never been to the USA. B. You should start studying now. 3. Ive got a terrible headache. C. You should go to bed early. 4. Ive got an exam tomorrow and I havent done much work. D. You should take an aspirin. 5. Ive just lost my job. E. You should plan a trip.

EXERCISE 56 Complete the following sentences with ONE word. 1. You ought _________ go to bed earlier. 2. You _________ better not speak to me like that again!! 3. Im putting on weight. I _________ do more exercise. 4. Have you heard from Mark? He _________ to be here by now. 5. _________ we go and visit your parents this weekend?

MODALS TO EXPRESS DEDUCTION

Probability: Stephen may/might be here, but Im not sure. The bus should be here by now. Dogs can be difficult to educate. Deduction: This painting cant be a Picasso-theres no signature. You must be tired after such a hard day. She must have been tired. He cant have known.

Modals expressing deduction and possibility The modals must, will, may, might, cant and could also express deduction and possibility.

Present The man must be extremely rich to own a Rolls Royce. She must be working a lot at the moment. Shes never at home. Youve just had lunch. You cant be hungry. Ask Susan, she may/might know the answer. The phone is ringing. It could be my mother.

IES p. 135-136 EXERCISE 57 Choose the correct answer.

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1. Congratulations! You (can be / might be / must be) really pleased! 2. That (cant be / might not be / mustnt be) Tom at the door. Hes still in the United States. 3. Im not sure. This (doesnt have to be / might be / mustnt be) the quickest way to the station. 4. If the traffic is bad, I (must be / should be / might be) late. 5. Ive no idea where the cat is. It (must be / could be / should be) anywhere.

IES p. 134-137 EXERCISE 58 MODALS TO EXPRESS VARIOUS DEGREES OF POSSIBILITY / CERTAINTY / IMPOSSIBILITY Choose the correct option. 1. Look at the sky. There (can / must / might) be a storm soon. 2. That (cant be / mustnt be / shouldnt be) John at the door. Hes in China. 3. Ive got no idea where your keys are. They (must be / could be / can be) anywhere. 4. Im afraid I (might / must / should) be late tonight. It depends on the traffic. 5.. That (mustnt be / cant be / shouldnt be) the time. It isnt dark yet. 6. Im not sure but I (must / might / could) be able to come to the meeting. Ill know tomorrow. 7. It (can be / might be / must be) terribly hot there in the summer. 8. You (mustnt be / shouldnt be / cant be) serious! That coat didnt really cost 1,000!

EXERCISE 59 Choose the correct option 1. We mustnt / dont have to forget to buy some milk. 2. She doesnt have to / mustnt work so hard, but she does. 3. Must / Should we pay for this by credit card? 4. We should / must remember to thank Tom and Ann for the present they gave us. 5. Footballers has to / have to train very hard to keep fit. 6. You mustnt / dont have to smoke in the office. 7. I dont think you should / mustnt read that book. Its boring. 8. You should / have to show your passport at the airport. 9. Does he has to / have to finish the report by Thursday? 10. I think we should / must take something to the party.

Past The phone rang but I didnt hear it. I must have been asleep. Jo is very tired. She must have been studying all night. Tom drove straight into the wall. He cant/couldnt have seen it. Wheres my dictionary? You may/might have left it on the bus. I think he will have finished his exam by now.

IES p. 134-135 EXERCISE 60 MODALS IN THE PAST Put the following into the past tense. 1. I shouldnt go to bed so late. _______________________________________________________

2. They might be on holiday. _______________________________________________________

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3. She couldnt know that was why I didnt come. _______________________________________________________

4. He cant leave. _______________________________________________________

5. Shouldnt he be at school? _______________________________________________________

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Necessity: The child needs to have his own room. Her hair needs cutting.

IES p. 141 EXERCISE 61 NEED + gerund Rewrite the following sentences using need + gerund 1. I think its time for the windows to be cleaned. The windows ______________________________________________ . 2. I think its time for the car to be washed. The car ______________________________________________ . 3. Look at the plants. You didnt water them. The plants ______________________________________________ . 4. Your hair is too long. You should go to the hairdresser and have it cut. Your hair ______________________________________________ . 5. I think its time for the house to be painted. The house ______________________________________________ .

IES p. 141 EXERCISE 62 NEED + INFINITIVE Complete the following sentences with the correct form of need and the verb in brackets 1. If you want to pass the exam, you __________ (study) more. 2. __________ I __________ (come) to the meeting this afternoon? 3. We __________ (not leave) yet. We have lots of time. 4. If I go to the United States, __________ I __________ (have) a visa? 5. We have lots of time. You __________ (not rush).

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PROGRESS TEST 3

1. When I was young, I ______________ very fast. [U8 p132] / can run / could run / might run /

2. I don't like hot weather but Anne ______________. [U8 p125] / likes / does / doesn't /

3. They didn't want to come at first but we ______________ to persuade them. [U8 p132] / were able / could / succeeded /

4. You ______________ come with me if you don't want to. [U8 p135] / mustn't / haven't to / needn't /

5. They live on a busy main road. ______________ very noisy. U8 p142] / It must be / There must be / It must have been /

6. The car needs ______________. [U8 p141] / cleaning / to clean / clean /

7. I'm feeling sick. I ______________ so much chocolate last night. [U8 p134] / didn't have to eat / shouldn't eat / shouldn't have eaten /

8. David says I ______________ got the job. I'll find out tomorrow. [U8 p134] / must have / had to / might have /

9. Children ______________ be very tiring sometimes. U8 p137] / can / have to / should /

10. It's very hot in here. ______________ I open the window? [U8 p137] / Will / Shall / Would /

Mistakes

1. You mustn't to take photographs in the theatre. [U8 p135] 2. Bob's a policeman. He have to wear a uniform. [U8 p135] 3. We didn't allow to wear make-up at school. [U8 p133] 4. I don't think you must hitch hike. It could be dangerous. [U8 p140] 5. He will arrive tomorrow morning, but he's not sure at all. [U8 p136] 6. I can drive since I was eighteen. [U8 p132] 7. I think it can rain this afternoon. [U8 p136] 8. The room needs to decorate. [U8 p141] 9. I think I should have left my dictionary on the bus. [U8 p135] 10. When I was young, I should play with my dolls for hours. [U8 p139]

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UNIT 4: Time clauses, conditionals, futures

Time adverbials in a secondary clause + present simple e.g. When I get home this evening, Im going to have a bath when, after, as soon as, before, until

EXERCISE 63 TIME CLAUSES AND THE CONDITIONALS Choose the correct sentence in each pair. 1. a) Shes going to wait until hell come b) Shes going to wait until he comes. 2. a) Ill get a newspaper when I go to the shops.

b) I get a newspaper when I will go to the shops. 3. a) As soon as you turn left, youll see the church.

b) As soon as youll turn left, youll see the church. 4. a) Peters going to meet us before he sees Sam. b) Peters going to meet us before hell see Sam.

EXERCISE 64 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets 1. While you are away, I _____________ (look after) your cat for you. 2. Ill let you know as soon as Richard _____________ (decide) what to do. 3. Just stay here until we _____________ (get) back. 4. He wont do anything before he _____________ (receive) your letter. 5. I promise Ill send you an e-mail when my computer _____________ (be) fixed.

EXERCISE 65 Choose the correct answer. Sometimes two answers are possible. 1. We were really surprised _____________ (if / when / as soon as) he arrived unexpectedly. 2. Im really hungry! Lets go for dinner _____________ (before / as soon as / when) the film ends. 3. Dont eat that chocolate now. Wait until _____________ (after /when) lunch. 4. Im very busy but Ill go shopping _____________ (until / when / if) I have time. 5. Could you phone your parents _____________ (after / until / as soon as) dinner? You wont have time later. 6. Oh no! I forgot to feed the dog. Ill do it _____________ (after / as soon as / when) we get home. 7. Well go skiing this weekend _____________ (when / after / if) it snows enough. 8. Were staying in a guesthouse _____________ (until / when / before) our new house is built.

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES Conditional 0 (situation always true if something happens): If Im late for school, my father gives me a lift.

Conditional 1 (possible result): If I have time, Ill phone you.

Conditional 2 (imaginary result): If I had time, Id phone you If I were you I would go to the doctor.

Conditional 3 (past situation with hypothetical result): If I had had time, I would have phoned you.

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I wish/If only

Reference to present time: Wish /If only + noun/pronoun + simple past: I dont have much time now = I wish / If only I had more time.

Wish / If only + noun/pronoun + past subjunctive of verb to be: You are not here but I would like you to be here = I wish / If only you were here.

Wish / If only + same noun/pronoun as subject + could: I cant fly = I wish / If only I could fly.

Wish / If only + different noun/pronoun from subject + would: You dont tidy your room, but I want you to tidy it = I wish you would tidy your room.

Reference to past time: Wish / If only + noun/pronoun + past perfect: I didnt go to university. Now I have a badly-paid job = I wish / If only I had gone to university.

EXERCISE 66 FIRST CONDITIONAL Complete the First Conditional questions. 1. Perhaps it will rain. What (we/do) _______________________ if it rains? 2. Its possible Richard will lose his job. What _______________________ if he loses his job? 3. Its possible there wont be any time. What will I do if _______________________ any time? 4. Perhaps Sam will miss his train. What _______________________ if he misses his train? 5. Its possible you will get lost in the woods. What will you do if _______________________ in the woods?

EXERCISE 67 SECOND CONDITIONAL Choose the correct answer 1. If we didnt /dont have to work, wed travel around the world. 2. If you took/take more exercise youd be fitter. 3. Id help/Ill help you if I had more time. 4. If I am / were you, Id forget all about it. 5. If I win /won the lottery, Id give all the money to charity.

IES p. 99-100 EXERCISE 68 Match the situations with the appropriate advice 1. Im really tired a) If I were you, Id phone the police. 2. I have no money. b) If I were you, Id study all night. 3. I was rude to my boss. c) If I were you, Id go to bed early. 4. I have an exam tomorrow and I havent done any work. d) If I were you, Id apologize. 5. Ive lost my wallet. e) If I were you, Id look for a job.

IES p. 97-100 EXERCISE 69 CONDITIONALS 1 and 2

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Complete the following sentences by putting the verb in brackets in the correct form and adding ll / will or d / would if necessary. 1. If you give me your address, I _____________ (send) you a postcard. 2. If I had a car, I _____________ (drive) to work. 3. If it _____________ (rain) this evening, Ill cancel the party. 4. I _____________ (come) and get you if you finish early. 5. What would you do if they _____________ (get) married? 6. He _____________ (lend) you the money if he had it. 7. If they _____________ (study) more, they would get better marks. 8. I dont know what I _____________ (do) if I didnt have you! 9. If you won the lottery, what _____________ (you / do)? 10. I _____________ (go) to the beach tomorrow if the weather is nice.

IES p. 104 EXERCISE 70 CONDITIONAL 3 Complete the following sentences using the third conditional 1. I would have phoned you if I _________________ (know) you were ill. 2. If he had gone to university, he _________________ (get) a better job. 3. If you had asked me, I _________________ (help) you. 4. We _________________ (not miss) the start of the film if we had arrived earlier. 5. I wouldnt have gone on holiday if I _________________ (know) what was going to happen.

EXERCISE 71 CONDITIONALS 1, 2, 3 Choose the correct answer to complete the sentence. 1. If youd done your homework, you (a) wont get in trouble. (b) wouldnt have got in trouble. (c) wouldnt get in trouble. 2. Ill help him if he (a) would ask me. (b) will ask me. (c) asks me. 3. If you do the cooking I (a) would do the washing- up. (b) do the washing-up. (c) will do the washing-up. 4. We would have missed the plane if (a) we hadnt taken a taxi. (b) didnt take a taxi. (c) dont take a taxi. 5. Its a pity you didnt come skiing with us. (a) You will love it. (b) You would love it. (c) You would have loved it.

EXERCISE 72 Correct the mistakes in the following sentences where necessary 1. If it will rain tomorrow, I wont go jogging. 2. If John phones tonight, Ill go out with him, but it depends how I feel when he calls. 3. Im warning you. You will get stomach ache if you will eat too many apples. 4. People would fall off the earth if there is no gravity. 5. Ill walk out if I wont like the concert this evening. 6. I dont like big cities. If I lived in the USA, I hadnt a flat in New York.

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7. You never know. If we do the lottery this week, we will become millionaires. 8. If you would come from my country, you would understand what Im saying. 9. Unless you arent careful, youll lose all your money. 10. If Ill see Peter, Ill tell him to phone you.

Future simple decision at time of speaking: I forgot to phone Jane. Ill call her now. offering to do something: Ill help you with those bags Shall I open the door? promising to do something: Ill write to you when I get there requesting somebody to do something: Will you open the window, please? future real events in hypothetical statements: If I get the tickets, Ill phone you

Future perfect action that will already be complete some time in the future: The play will have started by the time we get to the theatre

Future time

There are no inflected forms to express the future, so other alternative forms are used:

Arrangement: He is having lunch with Mary on Friday. Timetables: The train leaves Mestre at 10.30 and arrives in Venice at 10.40. Personal intention: We are going to have a party tomorrow. Immediate future/Forecast Careful! You are going to fall. Immediate future: Google is about to buy a social network. Spontaneous decision: There are no buses now. I think I will get a taxi. Asking for suggestion: What shall I / we do this evening? Promise: I promise that you shall pass the exam. Prediction: Dont worry about Susan. Im sure she will arrive. Time clause: He will phone when/ if /as soon as he gets home. Continuing action in the future: I will be studying every evening next week. Action completed some time in the future: We will have finished painting the room by the time you get back from your holidays. Continuing action completed at some time in the future: She will have been studying English for one year by the end of term. EXERCISE 73 Choose the correct answer 1. I think Juventus will win/is winning the match tonight. 2. The phone is ringing. Dont worry. Ill answer / Im going to answer it 3. Im seeing / Ill see the lawyer at nine o clock tomorrow. 4. Be careful! You will crash / are going to crash. 5. Look at the sky. Its going to rain / It will rain. 6. Theres no food in the fridge. Ok. Ill go / Im going to the supermarket. 7. Susans pregnant. Shes going to have / Shell have a baby.

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8. What are you going to eat? I think Ill have / Im going to have a steak. 9. Were travelling/ We travel to Munich tomorrow morning. 10.What do you do/ are you doing this weekend?

EXERCISE 74 Underline the correct verb form in the sentences a) Ive got a headache. Have you? Wait a minute. Ill get you/Im going to get you an aspirin. b) Its Tonys birthday next week. Is it? I didnt know. Ill send/Im going to send him a card. c) Why are you putting on your coat? Because Ill take/Im going to take the dog for a walk. d) Are you and Alan still going out together? Oh, yes. Well get married/Were going to get

married next year. e) A telephone conversation: Would you like to go out for a drink tonight? Im going to

watch/Ill watch the football on television. Oh! I didnt know it was on. Come and watch it with me! OK. Ill come/Im going to come round at about 7.30.

f) Did you phone Peter about tonight? No, I forgot. Ill do/Im going to do it now. Whats his number?

EXERCISE 75 Tick the correct response. a) Have you booked your holiday?

Yes, we have. Were going to Italy. Yes, we have. Well go to Italy.

b) Have you got toothache again? Yes, its terrible. But I see the dentist this afternoon. Yes, its terrible. But Im seeing the dentist this afternoon.

c) What a beautiful day! Not a cloud in the sky! Ah, but the weather forecast says its raining Ah, but the weather forecast says its going to rain.

d) I thought you had a fax machine. Yes, thats right. Its being delivered tomorrow. Yes, thats right. It will be delivered tomorrow.

e) Please dont tell anyone. Its a secret. Dont worry. We wont tell anybody. Dont worry. Were not telling anybody.

f) I havent got enough money to pay for my ticket. Its OK. Im going to lend you some.

Its OK. Ill lend you some. g) You two look really shocked. Whats the matter?

Weve just learnt that well have twins. Weve just learnt that were going to have twins.

h) Can you meet me after work? Id love to, but Johns taking me out tonight. Id love to, but Johnll take me out tonight.

RELATIVE CLAUSES Relative pronouns and adverbs are used in relative clauses to join sentences together to avoid repetition. Relative pronouns relative pronoun Use Example Who subject/object pronoun -people The man who gave you a lift

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Which subject/object pronoun -things The book which is on the table Whose possession people + things The man whose wife is a writer Whom object pronoun people

(formal) The woman to whom I wrote

That subject/object pronoun people + things (only in restrictive relative clauses)

The picture that hangs on the wall The girl that I met yesterday

Relative adverbs relative adverb Use Example When time expression The year when we got married Where Place The house where he lived Why Reason The reason why he left

EXERCISE 76 Complete the sentences using the information in brackets and who or which (1) (A dog bit me. It belonged to Mrs Jones).

The dog ________________________ belonged to Mrs. Jones. (2) (A woman wrote to me. She wanted my advice.)

The woman ____________________________________ wanted my advice. (3) (A bus crashed. It was 23 years old.)

The bus _____________________________ was 23 years old. (4) (Ann talked to a man. He had won a lot of money.)

Ann talked to the man ______________________________________ . (5) (Mary was staying with her friend. He has a big house in Scotland.)

Mary was staying with her friend _______________________________ .

EXERCISE 77 Complete the sentences using the information in brackets and that (1) (I read about a new computer. I had seen it on TV.)

I read about the new computer (2) (Jane made a cake. Nobody liked it.)

Nobody liked the cake (3) (Mary sent me a letter. It was very funny.)

The letter .. (4) (My sister wrote an article. The newspaper is going to publish it.)

The newspaper is going to publish the article (5) (I met an old lady. She was 103 years old)

The old lady .

EXERCISE 78 Put in who or that only if necessary. (1) The match ______ we saw was boring. (2) Did I tell you about the people _____ live next door? (3) The horse _____ won the race belongs to an Irish woman. (4) I love the ice-cream _____ they sell in that shop. (5) The book _____ Im reading is about jazz. (6) The woman _____ came to see us was selling magazines. (7) Well go to a restaurant _____ has a childrens menu. (8) The factory _____ closed last week had been there for 70 years.

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EXERCISE 79 From the notes, make one sentence. Use who or which with the words in brackets. a. Football. (It first started in Britain.) It is now popular in many countries.

Football, .. b. Margaret Thatcher. (She was the Prime Minister of Britain for 11 years.) She studied science at

university. ..

c. Michelangelo. (He lived until he was 90). He is one of Italys greatest artists. ..

d. The Nile. (It runs through several countries.) It is the longest river in Africa. ..

e. Gandhi. (He was born in 1869). He became Indias nationalist leader. ..

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PROGRESS TEST 4

1. You ______________ listen to what I say, you never do. [U8 p137] / will / won't / shall /

2. When I ______________ home this evening, I'm going to have a bath. [U6 p97] / get / will get / got /

3. Be careful! You ______________ spill your coffee on the carpet. [U6 p111] / about to / are going to / -- /

4. Even if he arrives, it ______________ too late. U6 p97] / is / would be / will be /

5. If he ______________ harder, he would pass the exam. [U6 p99] / would study / studies / studied /

6. What would you ______________ if you had been there? [U6 p104] / do / have done / had done /

7. I wish I ______________ to go so soon. U6 p100] / didn't have / don't have / hadn't /

8. We stayed at the Palace Hotel, ______________. [U10 p150] / which John recommended / that John recommended / John recommended /

9. That woman ______________ didn't know about the fire. [U10 p152] / I spoke to / which I spoke to / to which I spoke /

10. People ______________ to see the painting can visit the National Gallery. [U10 p153] / wish / wishing / to wish /

Mistakes 1. The phone's ringing - I answer it. [U6 p110] 2. That's the man who wife has become a judge. [U10 p150] 3. Shall he go to the party?. [U6 p110] 4. If I have known about this sooner, I could have helped. [U6 p104] 5. Don't move until I will say so. [U6 p97] 6. The room which I stayed was very comfortable. [U10 p152] 7. If I had been you, I would ask Mary. [U6 p99] 8. Unless you practice more, you will pass your driving test. [U6 p97] 9. The objects stealing from the room were of little value. [U10 p153] 10. To who are you talking? [U10 p152]

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UNIT FIVE: Verb patterns, passive, reported speech Verbs + infinitive form advise aim allowed arrange ask attempt be begin care choose continue

decide expect fail forget hope manage *mean offer plan prefer proceed

promise refuse *remember say start *stop threaten *try want wish

The infinitive form is also used: After an adjective: English is difficult to learn. In the infinitive of purpose: He went to the shops to buy some food.

*Can have both infinitive and ing form with different meanings: Compare: a) I remember seeing the Queen when I was young b) Remember to lock the door when you go out a) I stopped seeing my friend as we had quarrelled b) I stopped to visit my friend on the way back from Venice a) I tried taking an aspirin for my headache b) I tried to lift up the heavy box a) I didnt mean to hurt you b) Going to university means studying a lot a) I suggest you go to the library tomorrow b) He suggested having a picnic

Verbs + bare infinitive make let dare help suggest rather

Verbs + -ing form After prepositions He is thinking of going on holiday After the following verbs:

admit appreciate avoid

complete consider delay

deny detest

dislike enjoy escape excuse finish

imagine love mind

practice resist risk spend(time) suggest

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tolerate waste (time)

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IES p. 116-123 EXERCISE 80 Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb 1. I want _________________ (go) to bed early tonight. 2. He loves _________________ (ski). He goes to the mountains every weekend. 3. Mark is excellent at _________________ (learn) languages. He can speak five! 4. They enjoy _________________ (listen) to classical music. 5. It was getting dark when we finished_________________ (pack). 6. She refused _________________ (help) me. I was really upset. 7. The shop didnt mind _________________ (change) the jumper. They just needed the receipt. 8. Some people find English really difficult _________________ (learn). 9. Tom decided _________________ (study) economics. 10. They had an argument and stopped _________________ (talk) to each other.

EXERCISE 81 Complete the sentences with the infinitive or ing form of the verbs in brackets. 1. Im looking forward to _________ (see) you soon. 2. They want _________ (go) to the mountains for Christmas 3. But Id like _________ (stay) at home 4. Were thinking of _________ (move) to the country. 5. She loves _________ (swim). She goes swimming three times a week.

EXERCISE 82 Read the letter and underline the correct verb form. Dear Dennis, We just wanted a) say/to say/saying thank you for putting us up before we caught the plane last week. It was a lovely evening, and we enjoyed b) meeting/to meet/meet your friends, Pete and Sarah. We managed c) get/getting/to get to the airport with plenty of time to spare. We even tried d) getting/to get/ get and earlier flight, but it wasnt possible. We had a wonderful holiday in Spain. We just loved e) driving/to drive/drive through the countryside, and we often stopped f) walk/walking/to walk round a mountain village. We met our friends, Bill and Sue, and they invited us g) having/to have/have a meal with them. They wanted h) that we stay/us to stay/we to stay with them, but we couldnt as we had already booked a hotel. The weather was fantastic. The sun didnt stop i) shining/to shine/shine all the time we were there. Leaving Spain was very sad. It made me j) want/wanting/to want to cry. Anyway, were looking forward to hearing from you, and hope k) see/to see/seeing you soon. Let us l) to know/knowing/know if youre ever in the area. You must call in! Best wishes, Sandra.

IES p. 113-115 REPORTED SPEECH When reporting what somebody says, unless we report the speech on the same day, we go back a tense. Always check pronouns, place and time expressions and tenses and aspect. Direct speech Reported speech Present simple Past simple Present progressive Past progressive Past simple +progressive Past perfect simple + progressive Present perfect simple +progressive Past perfect simple + progressive

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Past perfect simple + progressive No change Future is / are going to Was/ were going to Future will Would Conditional 1 Conditional 2 Conditional 2+3 No change Yesterday The day before Tomorrow The next day, the following day, the day after

Reporting statements: I speak French = She said that she spoke French. I am going to University = He said that he was going to University. Reporting questions: Why do you smoke? = He asked me why I smoked. Do you like beer? = He asked me if / whether I liked beer. Requests: John, sit down, please. = She told John to sit down.

EXERCISE 83 Are the following sentences about changes in reported speech True (T) or False (F)? 1. Tenses change when the main verb is in the past tense. 2. Some verbs do not change. 3. Words such as time expressions never change. 4. Auxiliary verbs remain unchanged. 5. The word order of a reported question remains unchanged. 6. Punctuation changes. 7. Yes / No questions are reported using if or whether.

EXERCISE 84 Choose the correct answer. 1. a) He wanted to know what my name was. b) He wanted to know what was my name. c) He wanted to know what my name.

2. a) She asked me how was I. b) She asked me how I was. c) She asked me how am I.

3. a) He said he has already spoken to the manager. b) He said he had already spoken to the manager. c) He said he already speaks to the manager.

4. a) She told me that she didnt eat for several days. b) She told me that she not eat for several days. c) She told me that she hadnt eaten for several days.

5. a) He asked whether I have talked to the doctor while I was in hospital. b) He asked whether I had talked to the doctor while I was in hospital. c) He asked whether had I talked to the doctor while I was in hospital.

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IES p.115 EXERCISE 85 Indirect questions Complete the following sentences. 1. Could you tell me / when does the train leave?

2. Do you know / where is the museum?

3. Do you think / will there be a lot of people at the party?

4. I wonder / what time will they be home?

5. Could you tell me / what is the time?

TENSES: PASSIVE VOICE PAST:

simple progressive perfect I was watched I was being watched I had been watched

They were watched They were being watched

The letter was sent yesterday. The windows were being cleaned when I arrived home. The rubbish had already been taken away before 7 oclock this morning.

PRESENT: simple progressive perfect

The room is cleaned The room is being cleaned

The room has been cleaned

The documents are usually created in Word format. The article is being written at the moment. He has been told that he will get a promotion.

FUTURE: simple perfect

The room will be cleaned

The room will have been cleaned

That man will be arrested if he drinks and drives! The exhibition will have been visited by 500,000 people by the end of the year.

IES p. 146-149 EXERCISE 86 Rewrite the following sentences in the passive. Pay careful attention to the verb tense. 1. We clean the house every day.

2. Someone has given them a lot of money.

3. The police arrested over twenty people at the demonstration.

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4. They are translating the book into German at the moment.

5. We export these computers to sixty different countries.

6. They are going to post the letters tomorrow.

7. They had mended the windows.

8. She is cleaning the room now.

9. Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.

10. The police have found the little boy who went missing yesterday.

EXERCISE 87 Rewrite the active sentences in the passive. 1. Someone sells tickets at the box office.

2. People built Stonehenge thousands of years ago.

3. Someone has serviced my car.

4. They opened three new hospitals last year.

EXERCISE 88 Complete the sentences with the correct passive form of the verb in brackets. 1. The hotel _______________________ (sell) next year. 2. Chewing gum _______________________ (make) for more than a century. 3. The first Harry Potter book _______________________ (publish) in 1997. 4. Whisky _______________________ (produce) in England its Scottish. 5. The road _______________________ (close) for three days next month.

EXERCISE 89 Complete the sentences with the correct passive form of one of the verbs in the box.

discover make steal invent build paint write give invite employ

1. Around $50,000 _______________________ from a bank in London yesterday. 2. The first train _______________________ by George Stevenson in the mid 19th century. 3. In China red envelopes full of money _______________________ to children at New Year. 4. X-rays _____________ accidentally _______________ by Wilhelm Roentgen in 1896. 5. Hundreds of new homes _______________________ since March. 6. Next year 3 million mobile phones _______________________ in Finland. 7. Do you think we _______________________ to Helens wedding? 8. Many people in Scotland _______________________ in the whisky industry. 9. Romeo and Juliet _______________________ by William Shakespeare. 10. La Giocanda _______________________ by Leonardo.

EXERCISE 90 Rewrite the sentences using a form of the passive 1. People will eat six million hamburgers this year.

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Six million hamburgers 2. They cancelled the football match because of heavy rain. The football match 3. A man told us not to walk on the grass. We 4. How do people use chopsticks? How 5. Someone cleans the kitchen every morning. The kitchen . 6. The police arrested the escaped prisoner last night. The escaped ..

Auxiliaries in tenses: simple (do), progressive (be), perfect (have). The simple auxiliary do is followed by a verb in the infinitive form in the interrogative and negative form of the verb, but not in the affirmative form: Do they like coffee? They didnt go to school yesterday. They like coffee. They went to school on Monday.

The progressive auxiliary be is followed by a verb in the progressive ing form in the interrogative, negative and affirmative form of the verb:

He is listening. He isnt listening. Is he listening? They were singing. They werent singing. Were they singing?

The perfect auxiliary is followed by the past participle form of the verb, regular ed or irregular.

He has taken some photos. He hasnt taken any photos. Has he taken any photos? They had robbed the bank. They hadnt robbed the bank. Had they robbed the bank?

Other functions of auxiliary verbs Auxiliary verbs can be used:

in short answers: Is he Italian? Yes, he is. Can he swim? No, he cant.

agreements and disagreements with statements: London is very expensive. Yes, it is. This film is terrible. No, it isnt.

additions to affirmative statements: so + auxiliary verb + subject

She is English and so am I. He likes music and so do I.

additions to negative statements: neither/nor + auxiliary verb + subject

I dont have much money and neither does he. He cant swim and nor can I.

question tags: after affirmative statements a negative interrogative is used:

He is coming, isnt he? She went there, didnt she?

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after negative statements a normal interrogative is used: They didnt go there, did they? He hasnt come, has he? He never arrives on time, does he?

Some colloquial exceptions are: Im early, arent I? Lets eat, shall we?

Affirmative additions to negative statements:

He doesnt like Bach, but I do. They didnt go there, but I did.

Emphasis: You do look well! Do sit down.

IES p. 17-18 EXERCISE 91 Complete the following sentences with one of the words from the box below.

made did have (2x) are would had are do can

1. Who ______________ that noise? 2. ______________ you swim? 3. What ______________ you do? 4. What ______________ you going to do this weekend? 5. ______________ you finished dinner when they arrived, or were you still eating? 6. What ______________ you do if you found a thousand euros? 7. Where ______________ Skoda cars made? 8. ______________ you got any children? 9. How long ______________ you been living in Venice? 10. Who ______________ you go to the cinema with?

IES, p. 129 EXERCISE 92 NEGATIVE AND SHORT ANSWERS Complete the following with the correct short answer.

1. Tom speaks German, but Michael ______________. 2. Sally can ski, but Tina ______________. 3. Ive got a cat, but Mary ______________. 4. Hes been to New York, but the children ______________. 5. Susan would help you, but Helen ______________. 6. Stephen isnt studying hard, but Tom ______________. 7. I didnt watch the news this morning, but my husband ______________. 8. We dont like Chinese food, but our friends ______________. 9. Tom will come tomorrow, but Michael ______________. 10. She had a lovely holiday, but I ______________.

EXERCISE 93

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Question tags. Add the correct question tag in the sentences below. 1. Tom has been helping you, _________________? 2. You dont eat meat, _________________? 3. Ann was sleeping, _________________? 4. I missed a good party, _________________? 5. We are going to miss the train, _______________? 6. Im late, _________________? 7. You werent sleeping, _________________? 8. He will come and help, _________________? 9. Mark walks to work, _________________? 10. Sally doesnt like classical music, _________________?

EXERCISE 94 Compound adjectives. Rewrite the following sentences using a compound adjective. 1. My daughter is four years old. I have a ___________________________________________________ . 2. The film lasts 90 minutes. Its a ___________________________________________________. 3. His yacht was twenty-five metres long. He has a ___________________________________________________ 4. The building is 150 years old. Its a ___________________________________________________. 5. The lesson lasts two hours. It was a ___________________________________________________.

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IES p. 123-124 PHRASAL VERBS EXERCISE 95 LOOK UP / AFTER / FOR / OUT /FORWARD TO Complete the following sentences with the correct form of one of the phrasal verbs in the box below.

look up look after look for look out look forward to

1. I ____________________________ seeing you next week. I havent seen you for ages. 2. If you dont know the meaning of a word, you must __________ it __________. 3. Im __________ my keys. Have you seen them anywhere? 4. __________ ! Youre going to hit the car in front. 5. Nurses __________ the sick.

EXERCISE 96

Complete the following sentences with the correct form of one of the phrasal verbs in the box below.

take after take off put up with bring up put off

1. I dont know how she manages to _______________________ his terrible behaviour. He is so rude! 2. He really _______________________ his father, doesnt he. They are both lawyers and love the same sports. 3. You shouldnt _______________________ going to the dentist any longer. Phone him immediately. 4. The children live in New York now but they were _______________________ in Florida I think. 5. Did the plane _______________________ on time? They said there might be delays.

EXERCISE 97 Separable or inseparable? Tick the correct sentence.

1. Lets listen to the news on the television. a) Turn it on. b) Turn on it.

2. The music is too loud. a) Turn down it. b) Turn it down.

3. Thank you for offering to look after our dog. a) You will look after it, wont you? b) You look it after, wont you?

4. Thats a lovely coat. a) Can I try it on? b) Can I try on it?

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5. Tourists are terrible. They leave all their rubbish on the floor. a) I wish they would pick up it.

b) I wish they would pick it up.

IES p. 161-167 EXERCISE 98 VERB + PREPOSITION Choose the correct preposition to complete the following sentences

on for with in to after about of at

1. Im really worried _________ the exam tomorrow. 2. You arent listening _________ me. What are you thinking _________? 3. Who were you talking _________ on the phone yesterday? 4. Im sorry but I really dont agree _________ you. 5. Im really looking forward _________ going skiing this weekend. 6. I get ________ really well with my brother. We never argue. 7. He was born _________ 04. 04. 1944! 8. Shall we meet _________ eight o clock? 9. I dont know if well go to the beach tomorrow. It depends _________ the weather. 10. Hes not interested _________ anything I say.

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PROGRESS TEST 5

1. We would really like ______________ you. [U7 p117] / seeing / see / to see /

2. They made me ______________ all day yesterday. [U7 p116] / work / to work / working /

3. She is ______________ the Channel when she was twenty. [U9 p147] / thought to swim / thought to have swum / thought to be swimming /

4. We ______________ stay at home than go for a walk. U7 p116] / would rather / did rather / had rather /

5. They went to the manager ______________ about their low salary. [U7 p119] / to protest / for protest / for to protest /

6. A lot of accidents ______________ by careless driving. [U9 p146] / are causing / are caused / caused /

7. I've tried ______________ my plants, but they still keep dying. [U7 p122] / to water / watering / water /

8. He asked me ______________. U6 p115] / what was my name / what my name was / how was my name /

9. I spend my weekends looking ______________ my little niece. [U7 p123] / for / after / about /

10. The lights are still on - turn ______________ ! U7 p123] / off them / it off / them off /

Mistakes 1. He told me don't use the phone. U6 p116] 2. I wonder what did he want. [U6 p115] 3. I look forward to hear from you. U7 p121] 4. She suggested me to buy a car. U7 p124] 5. The teacher made the students to do the exercise twice. 6 p116] 6. Tom doesn't mind to work irregular hours. [U7 p121] 7. She is believed to write her second novel now. U9 p147] 8. He was killed by a knife. U9 p148] 9. He stopped to smoke ten years ago. [U7 p122] 10. They had to look for their father when he was ill. [U7 p123]

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APPENDIX 1: B1 IDONEITA - LEXIS

MAKE, DO and TAKE

MAKE

a mistake a meal money friends a decision a noise progress a difference

DO

homework the housework a subject a course the shopping research someone a favour well something/nothing

TAKE

an exam (also do a photo a break a decision (also make) a shower (also have) a bus/train/plane/ taxi a seat periods of time (time you need to do something: it takes me 20 minutes to get to work time off

A. Underline the correct verb(s) in italics. Be careful: in some sentence both verbs are correct.

1. I couldnt do/make my homework last night. 2. When do you take/do your next exam? 3. Did he do/make any mistakes? 4. I dont often make/do the housework. 5. Did you make/take many photos. 6. I think Ive done/made a lot of progress. 7. I want to do/make a course in Japanese. 8. We must take/make a decision soon. 9. He is doing/making research in biology. 10. They did/made a lot of noise during the party.

B. Replace the underlined phrase with a phrase from above using the verb in brackets.

1. I buy my food on Friday mornings. (do)

2. He is definitely improving. (make)

3. Ok, lets stop work and relax for 15 minutes. (take)

4. Could you help