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256 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

MICROBIOLOGY

B.Sc. (GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM ) EXAMINATION, 2014-15

Note : 1. A student who has passed the + 2 examination under 10+2+3 system of education of a recognized University/Board/Council or any other examination recognized by the Panjab University as equivalent thereto shall be eligible to offer the subject of Microbiology at the B.Sc. level, if he/she has passed the +2 examination with Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Biology as his/her subjects.

2. Only such colleges which have all necessary infrastructure or equipment and staff shall admit students to the subject of Microbiology. The infrastructure must be approved by the University as per usual practice.

Semester-I Scheme of Examination Duration Marks

Theory 6 hrs. 75 (33+33+9*)

MIC 101 : Fundamentals of Microbiology-I 3 hrs. 37.5 (33 +4.5*)

MIC 102 : Microbial PhysiologyMetabolism-I 3 hrs. 37.5 (33 +4.5*)

Practical

One Practical pertaining to the entire syllabus included in Theory 6 hrs. 25 (20+5*) Papers MIC 101 and MIC 102

Semester-II

Theory 6 hrs. 75 (33+33+9*)

MIC 201 : Fundamentals of Microbiology-II 3 hrs. 37.5 (33 +4.5*)

MIC 202 : Microbial PhysiologyMetabolism-II 3 hrs. 37.5 (33 +4.5*)

Practical One Practical pertaining to the entire syllabus included in Theory 6 hrs. 25 (20+5*) Papers MIC 201 and MIC 202

TOTAL MARKS : 200

Note : * Denotes marks for the Internal Assessment.

B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 257

MICROBIOLOGY

SEMESTER-I

OUTLINES OF TESTS AND SYLLABI

MIC 101 : FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROBIOLOGY-I

Note : The question paper will consist of four sections (A-D). There will be nine questions, out of which five questions have to be attempted. Question I will span the complete syllabus and will be compulsory. Rest of the eight questions will be from different sections of the syllabus. There will be four questions from each of the two sections and two is to be attempted from each section. Each question should be sub-divided into 2-4 sub parts.

Objectives :

To provide basic knowledge about the fundamental concepts of Microbiology including history of Microbiology, Microscopic examination of microbes and providing information in frontier areas of genetic engineering, environmental science and agriculture.

SECTION-A

1. History, development, scope and applications of Microbiology. 2. Methods of Microbiology isolation of pure cultures, theory and practice of sterilization. 3. Nature of Microbial World : Prokaryotes and eukaryotes, growth pattern in microbes.

SECTION-B

1. Morphology & fine structure of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and algae. [

2. Organization of cell wall, cell membrane, flagella and capsules in bacteria.

3. Morphogenesis in bacteria, formation of spores and cysts.

SECTION-C

1. Recombinant DNA technology, genetic engineering and gene cloning in micro-organisms.

2. Strategies of genetic engineering. Restriction enzymes, vectors and plasmids.

SECTION-D

1. Microorganism Association with Vascular Plants : Rhizosphere and Rhizoplane microorganisms and Mycorrhizae.

2. Nitrogen fixation : Symbiotic and nonsymbiotic and biofertilizers.

3. Biopesticides.


Recommended Books :

1. Fox, S.W., Dose, K. (1994), Molecular Evolution and the Origin of Life, University of Chicago Press.

2. Stanier, R.Y., Doudoroff, M., Adelberg, E.A. (1999), General Microbiology, Mc Millan Press, London.

3. Pelczar, M.J., Sun Chan E.C., Krieg, N.R. (1986), Microbiology, Tata Mc Graw Hill Publication, New Delhi.

4. Davis, (1996), Fundamental of Microbiology. [ 5. Reard, (1995), Introduction of Microbiology.

6. Robert, L. (1995), Soil Microbiology, John Wiley and Sons.

7. Alexander, M. (2003), Soil Microbiology, Wiley, 2003.

8. Waksman, S.A. (2003), Introduction to Soil Microbiology, John Wiley, 2003. [

9. Prescott, Harley, and Kleins Microbiology by Joanne M. Willey, Linda M. Sherwood and Christopher J. Woolverton, Mc Graw Hill (2008).

MIC 102 : MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGYMETABOLISM-I


Objectives :

The paper provides basic information on complex integrated network of biochemical reactions that make up the metabolism of the micro-organisms including nutrition, growth, and enzymes.

SECTION-A

1. Microbial Nutrition : Requirements for Growth. Physical requirement (temperature, pH, osmotic pressure), chemical requirements (C, N, S, P, O).

2. Culture Media : Chemically defined media, complex media, anaerobic growth media, selective & differential media, and enrichment culture. Cultivation of Aerobes and Anaerobes.

SECTION-B

1. Enzymes : Chemical and physical properties of enzymes.

2. Classification and nomenclature of Enzymes.

3. Factors affecting enzyme activity.

SECTION-C

Microbial Metabolism :

1. Respiration and fermentation.

2. Glycolysis.

3. Pentose Phosphate pathway

4. The Entner Doudoroff pathway.


5. Tricarboxylic acid cycle.

6. Glyoxylate cycle. SECTION-D

Bacterial Genetics:

1. Conjugation.

2. Transformation.

3. Transduction (generalized transduction, specialized transduction).

4. The Regulation of Gene Expression : Lac operation, tryptophan operon. Recommended

Recommended Books :

1. Stanier R.Y., Doudoroff M., Adelberg, E.A. (1999), General Microbiology, McMillan Press, London.

2. Pelczar, M.J., Sun Chan, E.C., Krieg, N.R. (1986), Microbiology, Tata Mc Graw Hill Publication, New Delhi.

3. Tortora, G.J., Funke, B.R., Case, C.L. (2009), Microbiology : An Introduction, Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company inc.

4. Postgate, J.R. (2000), Microbes and Man, Cambridge University Press.

5. Dubey, R.C., Maheshwari, D.K., (2005), A Text Book of Microbiology, S. Chand and Company.

PRACTICALS

1. Preparation of culture media, spread plates, pour plates, selective media, differential media.

2. Separation of pure cultures and study the effect of selective nutrients on prokaryotes.

3. Isolation of Soil Bacteria, Soil Fungi, Soil Actinomycets.

4. Selective media for Soil microflora and use of growth factors, Study of Rhizosphere interactions, Quantitative measurements of Soil nutrients and Rhizosphere microflora and preparation of starter cultures of Rhizobia, Azotobacter.

5. Measurement of Soil Enzymes.

6. Use of ultraviolet light for its germicidal effect.

7. The replica plating technique.

8. Effect of temperature, Osmotic pressure, energy source etc. on growth of prokaryotes.


MICROBIOLOGY

SEMESTER-II

MIC 201 : FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROBIOLOGY-II


Objectives : To provide basic knowledge about the fundamental concepts of Microbiology including history of Microbiology, Microscopic examination of microbes and providing information in frontier areas of genetic engineering, environmental science and agriculture.

SECTION-A

1. Microscopic examination of micro-organism, bright field microscopy, dark field microscopy, phase Contrast microscopy, electron microscopy.

2. Staining of microbes, theory of Gram staining.

SECTION-B

1. Animal Viruses : Morphology, cultivation and viral disease cycle.

2. Bacteriophages : Morphology, multiplication, detection and enumeration. 3. Biotransformation of (a) D-Sorbitol to L-Sorbose. (b) Antibiotics. (c) Steroids.

SECTION-C

Genetic engineering for human welfare :

1. Production of pharmaceuticals. 2. Insect pest control. 3. Use of Genetically Engineered Microorganisms (GEMs) for control of pollution.

SECTION-D

1. Biogeochemical CyclingCarbon cycle, Nitrogen cycle, Phosphorus and Sulphur cycle with role of microorganisms.

2. Sewage (waste-water) treatment, chemical characteristics, microbiological characteristics, waste water treatment processes.


Recommended Books :

1. Fox, S.W., Dose, K. (1994), Molecular Evolution and the Origin of Life, University of Chicago Press.

2. Stanier, R.Y., Doudoroff, M., Adelberg, E.A. (1999), General Microbiology, Mc Millan Press, London.

3. Pelczar, M.J., Sun Chan E.C., Krieg, N.R. (1986), Microbiology, Tata Mc Graw Hill Publication, New Delhi.

4. Davis, (1996), Fundamental of Microbiology.

5. Reard, (1995), Introduction of Microbiology.

6. Robert, L. (1995), Soil Microbiology, John Wiley and Sons.

7. Alexander, M. (2003), Soil Microbiology, Wiley, 2003.

8. Waksman, S.A. (2003), Introduction to Soil Microbiology, John Wiley, 2003.

9. Prescott, Harley, and Kleins Microbiology by Joanne M. Willey, Linda M. Sherwood and Christopher J. Woolverton, Mc Graw Hill (2008).

MIC 202 : MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGYMETABOLISM-II

Note : The question paper will consist of four sections (A-D). There will be nine questions, out of which five questions have to be attempted. Question I will span the complete syllabus and will be compulsory. Rest of the eight questions will be from different sections of the syllabus. There will be two questions from each of the two sections and two is to be attempted from each section. Each question should be sub-divided into 2-4 sub parts.

Objectives : The paper provides basic information on complex integrated network of biochemical reactions that make up the metabolism of the micro-organisms including nutrition, growth, and enzymes

SECTION-A

1. Microbial Growth : Growth in population, bacterial growth curve, mathematical nature and expression.

2. Factors affecting growth in microorganisms.

3. Methods for measurement of growth in microorganisms.

SECTION-B

1. Mechanisms of enzymes action. 2. Inhibition, control and regulation of enzymes activity. 3. Enzyme kinetics : Michaelis-Menten equation.

SECTION-C Microbial Metabolism :

1. Catabolism of lipids and proteins. 2. Beta oxidation. 3. Electron transport chain. 4. Biochemical mechanisms of generation of ATP.


SECTION-D

Microbial Utilization of Energy & Biosynthesis : 1. Transport of nutrient by bacteria. 2. Synthesis of Amino Acids : Glutamate, lysine, glutamine, serine, arginine family. 3. Structures and biosynthesis of cell wall peptidoglycan. 4. Biosynthesis of Carbohydrates (gluconeogenesis) & Phospholipids.

Replication of DNA molecules, Transcription & Translation (process of protein synthesis).

Recommended Books :

1. Stanier R.Y., Doudoroff M., Adelberg, E.A. (1999), General Microbiology, McMillan Press, London.

2. Pelczar, M.J., Sun Chan, E.C., Krieg, N.R. (1986), Microbiology, Tata Mc Graw Hill Publication, New Delhi.

3. Tortora, G.J., Funke, B.R., Case, C.L. (2009), Microbiology : An Introduction, Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company inc.

4. Postgate, J.R. (2000), Microbes and Man, Cambridge University Press.

5. Dubey, R.C., Maheshwari, D.K., (2005), A Text Book of Microbiology, S. Chand and Company.

PRACTICALS

1. Use of microscope in examination of unstained bacteria, fungi, algae, parasites and stained cell preparations including simple staining, Grams staining, acid fast staining, capsule staining, spore staining using prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, hanging drop preparation.

2. Presumptive, confirmed and completed tests for safety of water supplies.

3. Relation of free oxygen to microbial growth, monitoring of dissolved oxygen in various effluents.

4. Determination of COD in Industrial effluents.

5. Effects of antimetabolites on Microbial culture (Inhibition by Sulfanilamide).

6. Determination of Water Activity of various substrates and assay of surface active agents.

7. Turbidimetric/spectrophotometric monitoring of growth using liquid cultures.

8. Efficiency of photosynthesis in photoautotrophs.

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