backup of drinking water treatment.pdf

7/29/2019 Backup of Drinking Water Treatment.pdf

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g I(t)

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4

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Tgo + 273

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Tsky + 273

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hw+

1

Ki

Li

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hcb + hrb

1

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b(T

b T

a)

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4

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2+

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1

eff

=1

w

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g

1

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Pw Pgi

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268.9 103 Pw1/3

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Tw Tgi

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25.317

5,144

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,

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25.317

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hlw

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qloss = UL(Tw Ta)

i =Evaporative heat transfer

Total incident solar radiation=

mewL

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=

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1

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As

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Rate of solar

energy absorbed

+

Rate of energy

received from water

=

Rate of energy

lost to ambient

gI (t) + [qrw + qew + qcw] = qrg + qcg

Rate of solar

energy

absorbed

+

Rate of

energy given

by basin

=

Rate of

energy stored

in water

+

Rate of energy

transferred to

glass cover

wI(t) + qb = (MC)w

dTw

dt+ qrw + qew + qcw

Rate of

solar energy

absorbed

=

Rate of energy

transferred

to water

+

Rate of energy lost

by conduction through

bottom/sides

bI(t) = qb +qbg + qg

Ass

As

dTw

dt+ aTw = f(t)

a =UL

(MC)w; f(t) =

()effI(t) + UL Ta

(MC)w;

()eff=

b

hw

hw + hb+ w +

g

hlw

hlw + hlg

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ZKHUHhtE = hcwE + hewE + hrwE.

(QHUJ\%DODQFHVRQ:HVW&RYHU

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UL = Ub +Ut; Ub =hwhb

hw + hb; and Ut =

hlwhlg

hlw + hlg

Tw =1

t

t0

Twdt =f(t)

a

1

1 ea t

a t

+ Tw0

1 e

a t

a t;

Tg =gI (t) + hlwTw + hlgTa

hlw + hlg

qew = hewTw Tg

; and mew =

hewTw Tg

L 3600 kg/m2h

gIE+ htE(Tw TgiE)UEW(TgiE TgiW)

=Kg

Lg(TgiE TgoE) = haE(TgoE Ta)

gIW+ htW(Tw TgiW)+UEW(TgiE TgiW)

=Kg

Lg(TgiW TgoW) = haW(TgoW Ta)

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2UbwUba

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(p A2)htE

p+

(p B2)htW

p

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(MCw)dTw

dt= (IE+IW)

w+ 2Ubw(Tb Tw) htE(Tw TgiE)

htW(Tw Tgiw)

b(IE + IW) = 2Ubw(Tb Tw)+ 2Uba(Tb Ta)

dTw

dt + aTw = f(t)

Tw =f(t)

a

1 exp (at)

+ Tw0 exp (at)

TciE=A1 +A2Tw

p; TciW=

B1 +B2Tw

p;

TgoE=KgLgTgiE+ haETa

KgLg+ haE

; TgoW=KgLgTgiW+ haWTa

KgLg+ haW

f(t) =1

MCw

w +

bUbw

Ubw +Uba

(IE+IW)

+htEA1 + htwB1

p+

2UbwUbaTa

UbW+Uba

qewE = hewE(Tw TgiE ); qewW = hewW(Tw TgiW)

mE =qewE 3,600

L; mW =

qewW 3,600

L

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= hfg

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kg

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b

1 g

1 w

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basin temperature Tb =

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= (MC)wdTw

dt+ hlw

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Ic ULC (Tw Ta)

Qu = FR()c

Ic ULC

Ar

Aa

(Tw Ta)

Qu = FR()c

Ic ULC

AL

AC

(Tw Ta)

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Flat plate collector (FPC)

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Tsky=

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