bae won koh handout

Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School

Case Study: 2030 Challenge and Beyond

Bae-Won Koh, AIA, LEED APVice President, Director of DesignInnovative Design, Inc.

Project Background


Topography of New Orleans

Project Background


New Orleans Section

Project Background


Flooded - Katrina Accessory Bldg

Project Background


Broadmoor Lives!Broadmoor Neighborhood Revival

Active neighborhood leadershipreach out to various agencies

• Clinton Global Initiative• Global Green• NREL• DOEWilson School relocated to temporary facility

Project Background

Who’s involved?


Project Background


Recovery School District

Broadmoor NeighborhoodAssociation Lobby City Councilfor one of five Recovery School District QuickStart Schools

Project Background


Original Design by E.A. Christy

Staff Architect for Orleans Parish School Board 1909-1940

• Original Structure Built in 1909 • Addition Built 3 years later• One of 50+/- Schools Designed by Christy

Project Background


Original Design by E.A. Christy

Existing Building = Good Bones

• 3- Story Heavy Masonry with Plaster• Wood Construction with Large Awning Windows• 12’ Ceilings, 15’ Corridors• Transom Windows – Cross Ventilation• Terracotta Roof Tiles with Large Overhangs• Cement Plaster walls and Ceilings• T&G Wood Flooring

Project Background


west elevation

north elevation

Project Background


existing classroom

existing hallway

Project Background


Program = 96,000 sq ft

Head Start – 8th Grade; 2 classes per gradeMulti-Media Center/LibraryMusic & ChoralArt RoomGymnasiumSpecial EducationCafetorium & KitchenScience ClassComputer LabAdministrative • Principal’s Suite, Asst. Principal's Suite w/ Counselors & Nurse,

Teacher’s Lounge, Conference Room, Maintenance Dept.

Project Background


ProgramOriginal Program included a Neighborhood YMCA @ 60,000 sq ft• No funding• Too big for site

Designed to Preliminary Master Plan Program• 20 Students per class• 50 sq ft per student• Too big for site

Redesigned to reuse existing classrooms @ 600-1000 sq ft• Just Right • More environmentally conscience• Kept original framing – replaced plaster

Project Background


SiteSituated on one city block 300’ x 280’• Retain mature oak trees• 100% Runoff• Pumping system designed to take runoff• Paving and subsurface drainage to recharge groundwater• Collect roof runoff in cistern, use for landscape irrigationReplace damaged one story structure with new 3 story wing• Creates protected courtyard for playground w/ basketball hoop• Front and side yards fenced for Toddlers / play equipment segregated

from older childrenExterior science classroom design – wetland retention pond populated with native plants for water filtration• Not funded

Redevelopment of Existing SitePorous Pavement reduces runoff by50% Bicycle RacksMajor portion of existing building facing E & W

Project Background

Site


Project Background

West Elevation


Project Background

North Elevation


Project Background

South Elevation


Project Background

East Elevation


Project Details

Project Challenges & CollaborationClinton Global Initiative & USGBC brought focus to sustainable strategies, provided free LEED NC workshops for all RSD contracted Architects, Designers and consultantsUSGBC paid LEED registration fees, monitored progressState provide Commissioning Corp.NREL & DOE helped develop daylighting calcs for systems designGlobal Green provided seed money for special projects


Project Details

Project Challenges & Collaboration (cont’d)Global Green Funding – Model School

• 9 Solar Domestic Hot Water panels that will be installed above the kitchen to serve 90% of the hot water demand for the kitchen.

• One 12,000-gallon above ground cistern that will collect and store rainwater for irrigation purposes.

• Web-based display technology that will illustrate energy and water usage. The school will be able to use the data for educational purposes and to monitor carbon offset.

• Wetland habitat with 90% native species to serve as an outdoor educational classroom and to reduce the quantity and improve thequality of storm water leaving the site.

• Interpretive signage to be posted in and around the school to identify and provide information about the school's green technology.


Project Details

Project Challenges & Collaboration (cont’d)Wetland Design


Project Details

Project Challenges & Collaboration (cont’d)MEP Engineers had little experience in green building

• Needed sustainable goals established at early stage – Energy and Water efficiency goals

• Needed various documents to keep them on board• Responsibility Matrix• Sustainable Goals Narratives• Lighting Control Table• ASHRAE 55-2004 Thermal Comfort documentation and samples• CO2 Monitoring Guidance

• Innovative ran Daysim analysis• Innovative ran e-Quest DOE-2 model• Innovative reviewed their equipment selection• Innovative introduced ICLS design guidance• Innovative provided schematic diagrams of Photovoltaics, Solar Hot

Water, Web-monitoring and Rainwater Collection• Needed to prove to engineers prior to owner – i.e. Payback from

occupancy sensor and daylight sensor


Project Challenges & Collaboration (cont’d)FEMA required flood proofing first floor per TB 3-93

Project Details


Project Challenges & Collaboration (cont’d)• Reverse swimming pool & storm gates

Project Details


Project Challenges & Collaboration SuccessesReuse of existing classroom spaces minimized rework of building – ENHANCED REUSESalvage the historic quality of the spaces, • Maintain cultural continuity• “I went to school where my grandparents went to

school!”Expanded the presence of the school in the neighborhood• Opportunities for community use after school

hours• Separate entrances for communal spaces

• Catalyst for continued community development and reinforcement of neighborhood bond

Project Details


Green Design Strategies

How to meet 2030 ChallengeTargetKey strategiesEnergy Modeling resultsKey daylighting designs and analysisSteps to reduce further



How to meet 2030 ChallengeTarget

Design Case31.2 kbtu/sf/yr


2030 Challenge

EnergyStarTarget Finder

RSD’s Requirement

50% below CBECS 2003(West South Central)

90 30% below ASHRAE 90.1-2004

30.7 kbtu/sf/yr 28.2 kbtu/sf/yr 35.8 kbtu/sf/yr


How to meet 2030 Challenge



How to meet 2030 Challenge


OrientationEfficient Thermal Envelope

Daylighting

Efficient Lighting &

Control

Thermal Mass

Efficient HVAC

Solar Water

HeatingPV


How to meet 2030 Challenge Energy Modeling Result


61.5

51.1

43.4 41.6

35.0 33.5 32.5 31.2

Kbt

u/sf

/yr


How to meet 2030 Challenge Orientation


Btu/SF Glass/day - 32° Latitude


How to meet 2030 Challenge Efficient Thermal Envelope

High SRI value (=110) roof coatingR-30 Roof and Wall Insulation (Code: R-13 for roof and R-0 for wall)


Cont. Spray FoamClosed Cell (R-6.75/in)



Open-cell spray foam insulation added to existing masonry exterior walls (R-30 in 12 inch furring)CMU walls for thermal mass


Cont. Spray FoamOpen Cell (R-3.5/in)



Radiant Barrier to existing building roofLow-E argon filled glazing in view windows


SHGC = 0.40 (Max.)

Tvis = 0.74 (Min.)




51.1

43.4 41.6


How to meet 2030 Challenge Daylighting

Keys to Good Daylighting?

• Consider human factors• Consider the energy ramifications • Account for site constraints and benefits• Select well-integrated daylighting strategies • Optimize the most appropriate daylighting

strategies • Accurately simulate daylighting performance• Verify and modify your design process




Human factor - 2/3 of occupied hours to turn lights off to impact behavioral patternSelective strategies per function, depth, orientation and darkening requirementSelective glazing



How to meet 2030 Challenge Why Daylighting?

Reducing your operating costIncreasing productivityDesigning buildings that teachProtecting our environmentDesigning for health, safety and comfort Supporting community values



How to meet 2030 Challenge Why Daylighting?


Efficacy: Lumens / Watt

same light

½ heat

Reduce cooling equipment sizes to account for smaller lighting load



Eliminate direct beam radiation from entering critical spacesConsider the need to darken spacesDon’t count on low glass




Optimize overhang for winter heat gain and summer sun angleConsider installing 10 footcandles less light in daylit spaces that naturally provide at least this amount, even on snowy, overcast days

…. unless night time use dictates full light levels



How to meet 2030 ChallengeDaylighting

• Maximize Visible Light Transmittance


Application Exposure Type

view glass(non-daylighting apertures)

south clear double, low-e

north clear double, low-e

east/west - unshaded tinted double, low-e

east/west - shaded clear double, low-e

windows above lightshelves southclear double or triple w/ B-B-Gor interior lightshelves and clear double

high windows above view glass north clear double

roof monitors south clear double



• Maximize Visible Light Transmittance


Glass Transmittance

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

300 400 600 900 1900

Wavelength in nanometers

Tran

smitt

ance

in p

erce

nt



Low-e glazing will require 10% to 30% more glazing area and component


Glazing Type VLT Glazing Area Factor

Clear- double .80 1.0

Low-e (10% reduction) .72 1.1

Low-e (30% reduction) .56 1.4

Clear-double w/ BBG .52 1.5

Clear-triple w/ BBG .45 1.8

1” fiber filled .30 2.7

2-3” fiber filled .20 4.0



Slope ceiling to enhance light reaching deeper


Drop ceiling

Rule-of thumb: Add one-half of a percentage point to g-t-r ratio if ceiling is flat

Project Background


• Various daylighting strategies per room functions, orientations, height and room depths

• Photo sensors and dimming ballasts• Occupancy sensors• Careful interior color selections


Color Reflectance

Gloss White Semi-gloss WhiteLight Green*Kelly Green*Medium Blue*Medium Yellow*Medium Orange*Medium Green*Medium Red*Medium Brown*Dark Blue-Grey*Dark Brown*

75%70%53%49%49%47%42%41%20%16%6%

12%


Complement daylighting with appropriate lighting fixtures and controlsImplement continuous dimming or staged lighting control strategies





Lamp, dimming control, and ballast must be compatible.Manufacturers don’t have data on the effects of low-level dimming on lamp life.Make sure lamps within the fixture are wired correctly (series vs. parallel). Parallel creates higher voltage.Your controls should not kick in at a “high” dimming level – start at full light/full power and dim down to appropriate level.




6 feet is maximum distance between ballast and lamp. Improper seating of the lamp into the socket creates arching and shortening of lamp life.Stopping dimming at 20% may produce better lamp life.



How to meet 2030 Challenge Daylighting Design Tools

Utilize design tools that can simulate hourly performanceImport hourly schedule to DOE-2 model to simulate energy saving from daylighting

Daylite SolarsoftDaysim National Research Council, CanadaLumen Micro 2000 Lighting Technology Inc.Radiance USDOE/University of CaliforniaSuperlite University of Michigan



How to meet 2030 Challenge Daylighting – South, Small Spaces, Low Ceiling

Exterior Lightshelf + Blinds Between GlassOccupancy Sensor + Indirect Lighting + Task Lighting


Offices

SLOPED CEILING



Reversed Blinds Between Glass


30 degrees



Utilize separate window treatment for lower (view) glass



How to meet 2030 Challenge Daylighting – South, Large Spaces, Low Ceiling

Exterior Lightshelf + Interior LightshelfOccupancy Sensor + Photosensor


Classroom & Library

SLOPED CEILING


How to meet 2030 Challenge Daylighting – South, Large Spaces, Low Ceiling


Project Challenges & Collaboration Successes

Project Details


Computer Lab


Project Details


Library/Media Room


Project Details


Cafeteria


How to meet 2030 Challenge Daylighting – South, Large Spaces, High Ceiling

Roof Monitor + Overhang + Fabric BafflesOccupancy Sensor + Photosensor


Music & Chorus

SLOPED CEILING

Gymnasium



Translucent baffles to block direct beam radiation and diffuse sunlight




High SRI roof enhances daylighting 20-30%Modified bituminous roof – “white” doesn’t always provide high SRI value. Specify “highly reflective”coating.



Project Details


Choir Room


Project Details


Gymnasium


Project Details


South Exterior


How to meet 2030 Challenge Daylighting – East & West, Classrooms

Vertical Fabric Baffles + Interior LightshelfOccupancy Sensor + PhotosensorLimited w/ existing fenestration size and profile


Classrooms




West

East



Utilize directional (angled) translucent baffles to stop direct beam and bounce light deeper into space



West Classroom



How to meet 2030 Challenge Daylighting – North, Classrooms

Occupancy Sensor + PhotosensorLimited w/ existing fenestration size and profile


Classrooms


How to meet 2030 Challenge Daylighting – North, Classrooms





35.0

41.6


How to meet 2030 Challenge Efficient Lighting and Control

Lighting Power Density

Engineer’s SD: over 2 W/sf3 rows w/ (3)-T8 lamp fixtures

Final Design: 1.1 W/sf2 rows w/ (2)-T5HO lamp fixtures




Indirect Lighting


Classrooms Offices



Daylight & Occupancy Sensors

• Payback estimate• Integrated system selection





35.0 33.5


How to meet 2030 Challenge Efficient HVAC

Heat Recovery Ventilation

Heat Recovery Enthalpy Wheel in AHUs

Dedicated Units for Office Suites for Extended Hours

High Efficiency Boilers and Air-Side Chillers



How to meet 2030 Challenge Efficient HVAC


32.533.5


How to meet 2030 Challenge Solar Domestic Hot Water


Estimate Notes/RangeApplication type - Service hot waterSystem configuration - With storage

Building or load type - School w/ showersNumber of units Student 500Rate of occupancy % 100% 50% to 100%Estimated hot water use (at ~60 °C) L/d 3,400Hot water use L/d 3,400Desired water temperature °C 60Days per week system is used d 5 1 to 7

Cold water temperature - AutoMinimum °C 16.8 1.0 to 10.0Maximum °C 22.5 5.0 to 15.0

Months SWH system in use month 12.00Energy demand for months analysed MWh 41.37

therm 1,411.60Return to Energy Model

sheet

Version 3.1© Minister of Natural Resources

Canada 1997-2005. NRCan/CETC - Varennes


How to meet 2030 Challenge Photovoltaics



How to meet 2030 Challenge SDHW & PV


32.5 31.2


How to meet 2030 Challenge Steps To Reduce Further

Plug-in load reduction • EnergyStar appliances• Vending MachinesOperational Consciousness• Behavioral Shift• Conscious Scheduling• Conscious Purchase• Automatic Turn-OffMore Renewable Energy


Project Background

Key Green StrategiesStormwater control• Rainwater collection from the roof• Permeable paving in courtyard• Bioswales and rain gardens• Constructed wetland


Project Background

Key Green StrategiesRainwater Reuse Studies• Various scenarios – Toilets vs Irrigation• Goal was to collect 95% of rainwater off new

addition and reuse for toilet flushing and irrigation• Jurisdiction didn’t allow for building use• Irrigation only


Underground, 20000 gal vs. Above ground, 12000 gal

Project Background

Key Green StrategiesPermeable Paving in Courtyard• The amount of liquid asphalt is critical to obtain

permeability AND strength.• Flow Rate = 140 gal/min/sf


Project Background

Key Green StrategiesBioswales and Constructed Wetland• Goal was to treat 100% stormwater• Broadmoor loves it. Potential community project.



Key Green StrategiesEnergy Efficient Building Shell


Low-e Argon View Windows

ClearDaylight Windows

R-30 Wall Insulation

Photovoltaics

R-30 Roof Insulation & SRI-110 Roof Membrane

Lightshelf

Project Background

Key Green StrategiesWater Efficiency• Rainwater reuse for irrigation• High efficiency flush valves• Process water use reduction in kitchen


Baseline – Annual Water Consumption

948,953 gallons

Design-Annual Water Consumption

559,090 gallons

Total Water Saving 41.1% (3 Points of WE3)

Project Background

Key Green StrategiesRenewable Energy • 2.4kW Photovoltaics• Solar domestic hot water


Project Background

Key Green StrategiesMaterial Selections & Reuse• Existing building reuse• Recycled contents• Local materials• Low/no-VOC materialsConstruction Practices• Construction Waste Management Plan required• IAQ Management Plan requiredIndoor Environments• Acoustics• Thermal comfort


Project Background

Key Green StrategiesBuilding as a Teaching Tool• Web-based monitoring system• Interpretive signs• Sundial• Education sessions for students and staff


10%20%

30%

50%

70%

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%

Reading Hearing Seeing SeeingHearing

SeeingHearing

Experiencing

Project Background

Key Green StrategiesWeb-based monitoring system• Total Electricity, Gas & Water Usage• Weather Station, PV, Solar Hot Water, Rainwater,

Daylighting


Data logger

Internet Users

Kiosk w/ Server

Project Background

Key Green StrategiesInterpretive Signs Throughout Site• Overall Green Design• Rainwater Reuse• Stormwater Treatment• Photovoltaics• Materials & Resources Reuse• Daylighting• Solar Hot Water• Energy Efficiency


Project Background

Key Green StrategiesSundial


Project Background

Key Green StrategiesEducation Sessions for Students and Staff• Tour for entire students• Brochure• Easy-to-read Operation Manual for Users


Project Background

LEED Gold Targeted

Yes Maybe

SS 8 6WE 3 3EA 10 1MR 5 6EQ 8 8ID 4 2

TOTAL 38 26


Certified 29~36

Silver 37~43

Gold 44~57

Platinum 58~79

Contact Information

Bae-Won Koh, AIA, LEED APVice President, Director of DesignInnovative Design, Inc. (Tel) 919-832-6303 e-mail: [email protected]


bae won koh handout

Education

wilson elementary school

project backgroundwhos

plaster andrew

christy andrew

e w andrew

green building

water filtrationnot

water usage