bÀi tẬp nÂng cao hÓa hỌc 11 - nguyỄn xuÂn trƯỜng

8/9/2019 BI TP NNG CAO HA HC 11 - NGUYN XUN TRNG

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Nguyn Xun Trng

3

nng cao

HO HC

l ^ i H T . l h h B I M H l

IPH/VGlLT/

NHXUT BNGIODC

WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU

WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU

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W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM

ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T


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10-2008/CXB/516-2061 /GD M s : TYH53H8 -TTS



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L J A ' J D A I A

B gio dcvo to nc ta ang tin hnh i mi gio dcph thng theo ngh quyt ca Quc hi khoXk hp th ).

Mc tiu ca vic i mi xy dng i chng trnh, vitli sch gio khoa i mi phng php dy hc nhmnng cao cht lng gio dc ton din, do to h' h tr

thnh ip ngi nng ng, sng to, p ng yu cu -phttrin ngun nhn lc, phc v s nghip cng nghip ho, hin i ho t.nc, tip cn trnh gio dc ph hng cc nc pht trin trong khu vc V trn th gii:

phc v cho vic i mi phng php dy hc trng phthng, chng ti bin son b sch Bi tp nng cao mn Hohc gm 5 cun, t lp n lp 12, theo chng trnh v sch

gio khoa mi.

Ni dung cun Bi tp nng cao Ho hc 11 gm hai phn :

Phn th n h t: Bi tp c bn v nng cao vi ni dung phongph, a dng c sp xp theo tng chng ca sch gio khoaHo hc l nng cao.

Phn th h a i: Hng dn- Bi gi ip s .

Tc gi mong nhn c s gp ca bn c, nht ca ccthy c gio v cc em hc sinh kki ti bn cun sch chon thin hn.

Tc gi



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Phn th nht

BI TP C BN V NNG CAO

CHNG 1 : S iN LI

1. Nhng cht lng nh hiro clorua lng, hiro bromua lng c dn in hay

khng ? Ti sao ?

2. Nhng cht c lin kt ion c th dn in c trong nhng i.u kin no ?

3. S in li ph thuc vo nhng 'yu t g ? So snh bn cht ca qu trnh ini i NaQ khi nng chy v khi ho tan vo nc.

4. Hy ly cc th d v axit, baz theo Bron-stt.

5. Hy cho bit s khc nhau trong cch vit phng trnh in li theo A-r-iii -ut

. v theo Bron-stt. Minh ho bang cch vit phng trnh in li ca H20 v

ca H Q , NaOH khi ho tan vo nc.6 . nh ngha axit, baz theo A-r-ni -ut v theo Bron-stt c g mu thun khng ?

7. Nu nhng u im v hn ch ca nh ngha axit, baz theo A-r -ni-ut.

8 . Nu nhng un im v hn ch ca nh ngha axit, ,baz theo Bron-stt.

9. Kt qu xc nh nng mol ca cc ion trong ung dch nh sau : Na+ :

0,05 mol, Ca2+ : 0,01 mol, NO3 :0,01 mol, c r : 0,04 mol, HCO3 : 0,025 mo.

Hi kt qu ng hay sai ?

10. Trong mt cc nc cha a mol Ca2+, b mol Mg2+, c mol c~, d mo HCO3 .

. Hy lp biu thc lin h gia a, b, c v d. *

11. Mt ung dch c cha 2 cation l Fe2+(0, mol), 3+ (0,2 mo) v 2 anion l

c r (x mol), SO4 (y moi). Tnh Xv y, bit rng khi c cn dung dch thu

c 46,9 g cht rn khan.

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12. Dung ch A cha cc ion : Na+ (a mol), HCO 3 (b mol), CO3 - (c mol)

S4 - (d mol). thu c khi lng kt ta ln nht, ngi ta dng 100 mi

dung dch Ba(OH) 2 nng f mo/lL Hy lp biu thc tnh f theo a v b.

13. Dung dch 'A cha a mol Na+, b mol NH4 , c mol HCOJ, d moi C~ v

e moi sc>4 (khng k cc on H* v OH ca H20). Cho (c + d + e) moi

Ba(OH) 2 vo dung dch A un nng, thu c kt ta B, dung ch X v kh Yduy nht c mi khai. Tnh s mo ca mi cht trong kt ta B, kh Y v cami ion trong dung dch X.

14. Dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M c Ka = 1,85. 10"5.

a) Khi thm CH3 COOH vo ung dch trn th in li a gim i mt na(gi s th tch ca dung dch khng i). Tnh s mol CH 3COOH thmvo v pH ca dung dch mi.

b) Nu thm 0,001 moi H G vo 1 lt dung ch CH3 COOH 0,1M th pH cadung dch'thay i nhu th no (gi s th tch ca dung dch khng i) ?

15. Tnh pH v nng cn bng ca cc ion trong dung dch CH3COONa 0,0IM,

* bit Ka = 10 4 7 .

16. Trn 20 m ung dch HC 0,02M vi 30 m ung ch CH 3COOH 0,15M.Tnh pH ca dung dch hn hp thu c.

17. C 2 ng nghim, mi ng cha 2 cation v 2 aiiion (khng trng lp) trong s

cc ion sau y : K+ (0,15 mol), Mg2+ (0,1 mi), NH 4 (0,45 mol), Na+

(0,05 mol), c r (0,1 moi), s o l ' (0,075 mol), Po ~ (0,1 mol) v c o ^

(0,15 moi). Hy xc nh cc ion trong mi ng nghim.

18. C hai dung dch H2 S04c pH = v pH = 2 . Thm 100 ml dung dch KOH

0,1M vo 100 ml mi ung dch trn. Tnh nng mol ca cc cht trongdung dch thu c.

19. Cho 0,03 moi AI v 0,05 moi Fe tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch A cha

Cu(N03 ) 2 v AgN03. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch A v 8 , 1 2 g hn hpB gm ba kim Ioi. Cho cht B tc dng vi dung dch HO thu c 0,672

lt H2 (ktc). Tnh nng mol ca Cu(N03 ) 2v AgN03 trong dung dch A,gi s cc phn ng xy ra hon ton.

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20. Ly 2,5 ml dung dch CH3COOH 4M ri pha loang vi nc thnh 1 lt dung

dch A. Hy tnh in li ca axit axetic v pH ca dung dch A, bit rng

trong 1 ml dung dch-A c 6,28. 101S ion v phn t khng phn li.

11 BAI

1. Theo A -r -ni-u t, pht biu no sau y ng ?

A. Axit l cht m phn t c mt hay nhiu nguyn t hiro lin kt vi gcaxit.

B. Axit l nhng tiu phn (phn t hoc ion) c kh nng nhng proton,

c. Axit l cht khi tan trong nc phn i ra cation H*.

D. Axit l nhng tiu phn (phn t hoc in) c kh nng nhn protori.

2. Theo A -r -n i-u t, pht biu no sau y ng ?

A. Baz l cht m phn t c mt hay nhiu nhm OH lin kt vi nguyn tkim loi.

B. Baz l nhng iu phn (phn t hoc ion) c kh nng nhn proton,

c. Baz l cht khi tan trong nc phn li ra anion OH .

D. Baz nhng tiu phn (phn t hoc ion) c kh nng nhng cp

electron t do.3. Theo Bron- stt th pht bi no sau y ng ?

A. Baz l cht m phn t c mt hay nhiu nhm OH lin kt vi nguyn tkim loi.

B. Baz l nhng tiu phn (phn t hoc ion) c kh nng nhn proton,

c. Baz l cht khi tan trong nc phn li ra anion OH-.

D. Baz l nhng tiu phn (phn t hoc ln) c kh nng nhng cp

electron t do.4. Theo Bron-stt th pht biu no sau y ng ?

A. Axit l cht m trong phn t c mt hay nhiu nguyn t hiro lin ktvi gc axit.

B. Axit l nhng tiu phn (phn t hoc ion) c kh nng nhng proton.

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c. Axil l cht khi tan rong nc phn li ra cation H+.

D. Axit l nhng tiu phn (phn t hoc ion) c kh nng nhn cp electront do.

5. Dung dch ca cht no sau y lm phenolphtalein chuyn sang mu hng ?

Na2 C 0 3 B.AC3

C.CuS0 4 D.NH 4CI

6 . Cho dung dch cc ch t: CuCI2, NaG, NH4CI, NaOH, CHijCOONa. C baonhiu dung ch lm qu tm chuyn sang mu ?

k . 2 B. 3

C .4 D. 5

7. Cp cht no su y tn ti ong cng ung dch ?

A. ACI3 v Na2C 0 3 B. FeCl3v NH3

c. Na2 C 0 3v HC1 D..NH4C1 v HNO3

8 . Cho cc ch t: C6HI20 6, Ca(OH)2, HC, H3PO4 ; NaHS, KNO3 . S chtc kh nng in li mnh l

. A .2 . B. 3.

c. 4. D.5.

9. Dung dch HF 0,01 M c

A. pH = 2. B. pH < 2.

C. 2 < pH < 7. D. pH > 7.

10. 25c, in li ca ung dch axit CH3COOH 0,1M l 1,32%. pH cadung dch axt ny l

A. 1,22.. B 1,88.

c 2,88. D 1,99.

XI. Cn bng sau tn ti trong ung dch :

CH3 COOH = CH3 C < X r + H +

Trng hp no sau y lm cho in i ca CH3 COH gim ?

A. Pha long dung dch.

B. Nh thm vi git ung ch HC1.

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c . Nh thm vi git ung dch NaOH.

D . C A v C .

12. Dung dch, ca cht no sau y lm qu tm ho ?

A. Nai B. CH3 COOKc . A1 (N0 3 ) 3 : D-.N3.2CO 3

13. Dung dch ca cht no sau y lm qu tm ho xanh ?

A.,NaCI 'B. CH3COONa

c. NH4CI D. CuS04

14. Nh v git dung dcH phenolphtalein vo dung ch NH3 thy dung dch cmu hng. Trng hp no sau y lm cho mu ca ung dch m ln ?

A. un nh dung dch NH3 .

B. Cho thm vo vi git dung dch HC1.

c. Cho thm vo vi git dung dch Na2 C03.

E). Cho thm vo vi git ung dch NH4CL

15. Cho phn ng : NH 3+ H Q NH4 CI

. Trong phn ng trn, NH 3 ng vai tr l

. baz. B. cht kh.c cht oxi ho. D. mi trng.

16. lm gim cc cn au d dy, ngi ta dng thuc Nabica c thnh phnho hc l

A. NaHC 03. "Sb.N H 4 HC03.

C N a2C03. D. (NH4)2C03.

17. Khi ng NaOH cn dng pha ch c 500 ml dung dch NaOH cpH = 12 l

7'" -. 0,2g. B. 0,4 g. 'c . 2 g, D . 4 g . /

18. C 100 mi dung dch HC 0,1M. thu c dung dch c pH = 3 cn phalong dung ch ny bng nc ct c th tch tng gp

A. 10 ln. B. IOOn.

c . 1000 ln. - D. 10000 ln.

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19. Khi cmg nc cn thm vo 300 g dung dch KOH 25% thu c dungdch KOH 10% l

20. Bit tan ca AgNOs 60c l 525g v 10c l 170 g. Khi lng AgN03

tch ra khi lm lnh 2500 g dung dch AgN0 3 bo ho 60c xung n

21. Theo Bron-stt th phn ng axit - baz

A. phn ng trong c s cho v nhn electron.B. phn ng trong c s cho v nhn proton,

c . phn ng trong c s kt hp gia i f 1"v OHT.

D. phn ng trong axit tc dng vi baz.

2 2 . Cho 400 ml dung dch HG vo 200 ml dung ch NaAl2 IM thu c 7,8 gkt ta. Nng mo ca dung ch HG ban u l

A. IM. -B, 0,5M.

c. 0,25 M. D. A hoc c23. Cho a mol Ba(OH)2 vo b mol dung dch AICI3 . Mi quan h ca a v b

thu c kt ta l

A. a < 2b. B. a > 2b.

c. a< 4b . D. a > 4b.

24 Trn 100 m dung dch X (gm KHCO3 ^ y K 2C 0 3 IM) vo 100 ml dung

dch Y (gm NaHC03 IM v Na2 C 0 3 IM) thu c dung dch z. Nh t t

100 m dung dch A (gm H2 S04 IM v HCI IM) vo dung dch z thu cV lt C 0 2(ktc). Gi tr ca V l

A. 2,24. B. 1,12.

c 0,672. D. 0,56.

25. Nh t t n d dung dch NH3vo 100 ml dung dch X (gm AICI3 M v

ZnG 2 1M). Khi lng kt ta thu c l

A. 20 g.

c. 40 g.

B. 35 g.

D. 45 g.

10c l

A. 2140 g.

c. 1240 g.

B.2104 g.

D. 1420 g.

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A. 7,8 g. B. 9,9 g.

c. 7,7 D. 8,8g.

26. Cho 5,6 lt C0 2 (ktc) hp th ht vo 400 ml dung dch NaOH IM. Khilng mui to thnh sau phn ng l

-


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33. Cho cc ion : HS' (1), s2" (2), NHj (3), HSO4 (4), cof" (5), c r (). Ccion no l axit theo Bron-stt ?

A.(l),(3),(5) B.(l),(2),(4)

c. ( ) , (3), (4) D. (2), (4), (6) J .. :

34. Cc cht no sau y u l cht lng tnh theo Bron-stt ?A. ZnO, FeO B. Cr(OH)3, Ba(OH)2

c. HS O .H S" D. HCO3 , H2 0

35. Phn ng gia cc cht no sau y khngphi phn ng axit - baz ?

A. H O + NaOH . B .H2 S04 + BaQ2

c. HNO3+ Fe(OH)3 D. ,H2S04+ BaO

36. Dung ch mui no sau y c pH = 7 ?

/A. NaN 03 B. K2 C 0 3

c A ia 3 D. O 1 SO4

37. Nhng giy qu tm vo ung dch Na2C 0 3th thy giy qu tm chuyn sangmu g ?

A. Khng mu B: Mu xanh

c . Khng i mu DwMau

38. Dy no di y gm cc cht u phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH ?

A. Na2C03, CuS04, HC1 B. MgCl2, S02, N a C 0 3

c A120 3, H2S04, KOH D. C02, NaQ, a 2

39. Sc kh H2S ln lt vo dung dch cc mui N a , BaCl2, Zn (N 03 ) 2 v

C1 1SO4 . Dung dch c xy ra phn ng l

A. NaCl. B. B a0 2.

c . Zn(N03)2. D. C1 1SO4 .

40. Cho dung ch cha cc ion : Na+t Ca2+, H+, , Ba2+, Mg2+. tch cnhiu ion nht ra khi ung ch cn dng lng va (lung dch

A.Na2C03. B.NaC.

c . NaOH. > D. Na2 S4.

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41. Cho jnt t dung dch Na2 C 0 3 vo dung dch AI 3 , un nng nh thy chin tng no sau y ?

A. .Si bt kh. B. C kt ta trng sau tan n.

c. C kt ta trng. D. sibt kh v c kt tatrng.42. S >mol ion NO3 e trong 200 ml dung dch cha HNO 3 0,02M v NaN0 3

0,03M l

A. 0,01 mol. ' B. 0,03 mol.

c. 0,02 mol D. 0,05 mol.

43. C hai. dung dch HC1, mt dung dch c nng 45% v mt dung dch cnng 15%. c mt dung dch mi c nng 20% th cn phi pha chhai dung dch theo t v khi lng l

A. 1 : 3. B. 3 : 1.

c . l : 5 . D. 5 : .

44. Mt dung dch c cha 0,01 mol Na+ ; 0,02 mol Mg2+ ; 0,015 mo SO4 ;

Xmo] c r . Gi tr ca Xl

A. 0,015. B. 0,035.

c.0,02. D.0,01.

'4$ ^ Cho dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M c in li l 1,32%. Hng s in li ca

CH3COOH l

A. 1,76 .10-4. B. 1,66. I0*4.

c . 1,76. 10"5. D. 1,80. 10-4.0,1

46. Ho tan m gam Na vo nc c 100 ml dung dch c pH = 13. Gi tr cam l

*A. 0,23. ' B. 0,46.

c 1,25. D. 2,3.

47. Trn ln dung dch cha 2 g NaOH vi dung ch cha 2 g HC1, dung dchthu c c /

A. pH > 7. B pH = 7.

c. pH < 7. D. khng xc nh c.

48. Cho 0,5885 g NH4 CI vo 100 ml dung dch NaOH c pH = 12 sau un si, ngui. Dung dch thu c lm qu tm chuyn sang mu

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A. xanh. B. .

c khng mu. D. xanh sau mt mu.

49. Dy cht no sau y gm nhng cht in i yu ?

A. H a o , H N02, H2C 0 3 B. Ca(OH)2, CH3COOH, KHCO3

c. CH3COONa, HI, H2S D. NaHS04, NaHC03, KHS

50. Dung dch HC1 c th phn ng c vi tt c cc cht trong dy no sau y ?

A. BaS04, CaC03, Na2s p4 c . NaOH, CaC 03, FeS

B. CuSf PbS, Na2 S0 3 D. K a , CS04,NH4OH

51. Dung dch mui c pH = 7 l

A. NaClO. B. A12 (S04)3.

c. NH4C1 . D. KNO3 .

52. Nhng ion c th cng tn ti trong mt dung dch l :

.B. H+, c r , Na+, A3+.A. Mg2+, SO- , c r , Ba2+.

c. S2", Fe2+, Cu2+, c r . ' D. Fe3+, OH , Na+, Ba2+.

\3 -53. Cho dung dch c cha cc ion : Na+, NH4 , CO3 , PO4 , NO 3 , SO4 .

Dng ha cht no sau y c th loi c nhiu anion nht ra khi dungch trn ?

A. BaC2 B. MgCl2

c. Ba(N03 ) 2 ' D. NaOH

54. Mt dung dch cha 0,1 moi Mg2+, 0,05 mo Na+, 0,05 mol NH 4 , X mol

NO 3 v 0,05 mol SO4 - . Gi tr ca X l

A.0,15. B. 0,25.c . 0,1. D. 0,2.

55. Trn dung dch cha 2 g KOH vi dung ch cha 1 g HG, cht rn thu c

khi c cn dung dch sau phn ng l

A. KC1. B. KG v HC.

c. KO Hv KC l D. KOH

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56. ChQ 1,22 g hn hp Na2C 0 3 v K2 C 0 3 tc dng va vi dung dch Ba 2thu c 1,97 g kt ta. Lc tch kt ta, c cn dung dch thu c m gammui clorua. Gi tr ca m

A./,33. B. 1,6.

' C. 13,3. D. 6,26.

57. in li ca dung dch HCOOH 0,46% (D = 1 g/m) c pH = 3

. 0,13%. B. 1,5%.

c . 1,3%. D. 0,15%.

58. Hai dung dch axit CH3COGH, HN02(c Ka ln lt : 1,75. 10~5 , 4,0. 10-4)

c cng nng mol v ' cng nhit . Kt lun no sau y sai?

A. HNO7c in li ln hn. B. H N02c in li nh hn.

c. HN02c tnh axit mnh hn. D. CH3COOH, HN02cng l axit yu.59. Loi mui to bi axit v baz no sau y khngb thu phn ?

A. Axit yu v baz yu B. Axit yu v baz mnh

c. Axit mnh v baz yu D. Axit mnh v baz mnh

60. Cc dung ch c pH < 7 l

r A. C1 1SO4 , FeCl3, AICI3 . c . CuS04, NaN 03, K2 C03.

B. K2 C 03, CuS04, F e 3. . NaN 03, FCl3, AICI3 .

61. Khi cho Na tc dng vi dung dch CuS0 4c th thu c sn phm l

A. Na2 S04, Cu. B. C(OH)2, H2.

c. NaOH, Cu(OH)2. D. Cu(OH)2, Na2 S04, H2.

62. lon OH c th phn ng c vi cc on trong dy no sau y ?

A. H+, HCO3 , NH4 , c o - B. SO~, HS~, Zn2+, Fe2+

c. Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+, Cu2+ D. Mg2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, HSO4

63. Bit in li ca CH3COOH 0,043M l 2%. Nng ntl ca ion H+ trng thi cn bng l

A. 6 ,6 . O^M. ' B. 6 ,6 . 103 M.

c. 8,6 . K rA l D. 8,6. 10 3M.

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15/211

64. C bn dung dch A 1 (N0 5)3 , NaN03, Na2 C 0 3 v NH4NO3 . Ch dng mtdung dch no sau y c th phn bit c bn dung dch trn ?

A. H2 S04 B. N a

C K 2vS04 D, Ba(OH) 2

65. Cc ion trong dy no sau y l axit ?

A. S2 , SO^V B. HS O, HPO |"

. c N H , Fe(H20 )3+ D. HCOO", HSO4

6 6 . S thu phn mui ampni cacbonat s to ra

A- axit yu v baz mnh. B. axit yu v baz yu.

c axit mnh v baz yu. D. axit mnh v baz mnh.

67. Cho bn dung dch trong sut, mi dung ch ch cha mt loi cation v mtloi anion. Cc ion ong c 4 dung dch gm : Ba2+, A]3+, Na+, Ag+, C0 3 ~ ,

NO3 , G , s ~ . Bn dung dch l

vA. AgN03, BaCl2, AI2 (S04)3, Na2C03.

B. AgCI, Ba(N03)2, A2 (S04)3, Na2C03.

c AgN 03, BaCl2, A12 (C03)3, Na2 S04.

D. Ag,C 03, Ba(N03)2, AI2 (S04)3, NaCI.6 8 . Cho dung dch CH3 COOH 0,1M (Ka = 1,75. CT3). Nng mo ca ion H+

trong dung dch trn l

A. 1,32. 10_2M. B. 1,75. 102 M.

c 1,75. O^M. D. 1,32. 10_3M.

69. Khngxy ra phn ng khi cho dung dch NaHC0 3vo dung dch no sau y ?

A. KOH' B. NaHS04

c. HNO3 D. BaQ2

70. Cht no l cht in li trong cc cht sau ?

A. Ancol etylic B. Glucoz

C- Saccroz D. Axit axetic

15



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16/211

71. Dy no sau y gm cc cht va tc dng vi dung dch HCI va tc dng

vi dung dch NaOH ? .

A. Cu(OH)2, MgO, Fe2 0 3 R Cr(OH)3, NaHS* Na2H P0 3

c. NaHSO3 , HNO3 , AJ23 NaHC03, NaHS, NaH2P 0 3

72. CH3 COOH in li theo phng trnh : GH3COOH


17/211

CHNG 2 : NHM NIT

i -BTPTLUN

1. T cu hnh electron ca nguyn t N, hy d on cc trng thi cng ho lv trng thi oxi ho c th c ca nit.

2. Ti sao iu kin thng, nit tn ti dng phn t N2ch khng phi N4

cn photpho i tn ti dng P4ch khng phi l P2? Cho bit nng lng

lin kt ba p = p, N = N l 485 kJ/mol v 946 KJ/mol ; nng lng in kt

n p - p, N - N l 213 kJ/mol v 159 u/m ol .

3. V sao kh N20 c th duy r s chy v cn c gi kh vui ?

4. V sao N 0 2 c th nh hp thnh N204nhng S0 2li khng c kh nng ?

5. V sao NH 3tan nhiu trong nc, d ho lng ?

6 . V sao NH3d to phc vi cation kim loi ?

7. V sao khi cho kim loi tcdng vi HN0 3 to ra hn hp cc sn phm kh

nhN 0 2 ,N0 ,N2 ,N2 0 , ... ?

s, V sao cng mt kim oi li c th kh HNO3 c dn NOo v kh HNO3long n NO ?

9. V sao Au, Pt khong tan ong dung dch HNO3 nhng tan c trong nc

cng toan (dung ch hn hp gm 3V axit HG c v IV axit HNO3c) ?

10. V sao cng mui amoni nhng khi nhit phn NH4, (NH^CC^ gii

phng NH3 cn nhit phn NH4NO 3 , NH4NO2 , (NH4)2Cr2 0 7 i gii phng

N20 hoc N2?

IX. V sao p trng hot ng ho hc hn p , d nng chy, tan trong cc dungmi phn cc, p kh nng chy v khng tan trong cc dung mi ?

1 2 . Ti sao p tc dng vi Cl2to ra PCI3v PCI5cn N2 tc ng vi Cl2ch to

ra NCI3m khng to ra NCI5?

13. Tnh cht ho hc ca ion NO3 ph thuc vo mi trng nh th no ?

2-BTNCHH11-A



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18/211

14. V sao axit photphoric khng c tnh ox ho nh axit nitric ?

15. V sao khng dng AgN03 nhn bit H3PO4?

16. Hy cho bit ng dng ca H3PO4trong cng nghip thc phm.

17. Hy cho bit ng dng ca H3PO4trong vic chng n mn kim loi.

18. V sao nhng ng c bng thu tinh sau khi lm th nghim vi p cn ngm

vo dung dch CuS04trc khi ra ?

19. Cho cc cht sau : N2 , NO, N2 0, HNO3 , N 2H4, N 0 2, HNO 3 .

Hy sp xp cc cht trn theo th t tng dn s oxi h ca N, gii thchda vo cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nit.

20. Cho vi git phenolphtalein vo dung dch NH3 (dung dch A). Hy cho bit

s bin i mu sc ca dung dch (c gii thch) trong cc thnghim sau :

Th nghim () :un nng dung dch A mt thi gian.

Th nghim (2) : Cho vo dung dch A mt lng dung dch HC1 c s mol

bng s moi NH 3trong dung dch A.

Th nghim (3) :Cho mt t ung dch Na2 C 0 3vo dung ch A.

Th nghim (4):Cho dung ch AICI3n d vo dung dch A.

21. A] l mt mui c cng thc n gin nht l NH20 ; A 3 l mt oxit ca

nit ; Ma : M 3= 32 : 23.

a) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A 3 v A3 .

b) Vit cc PTHH (ghi r iu kin, nu c) theo s sau :

A j N 2 ^ A 3 ^ A 4 ^ A 5 > A 3

Bit rng A], A4, As l cc hp cht ca nit.

22. Cho cc cht sau : 0 2, Cl2, C 02, Na, PbO, CaCl2 (khan).

Hy cho bit NH3 tc dng c vi nhng cht no nu tn. Vit ccPTHH,

ghi r iu kin (nu c). ^

23. Cho cc cht sau : H N 03, Cu, Fe, Na, s, Q NaN 03, Cu(N03)2, NH4N 0 3.

Hy vit cc PTHH c th to ra kh N 0 2 t cc cht trn, ghi r iu kin(nu c).

18 =' 2-BTNCHH11-E



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19/211

24. So snh th ch kh NO duy nht thot ra (o cng iu kin) trong hai thnghim sau:

Th nghim () :Cho 3,84 a: Cu tc dng vi 80 mi -dung dch HNO3 M.

Th nghim (2) :Cho 3,84 g Cu tc dng vi 80 m dung ch hn hp cha

HNO 3 IM vH Cl I M.25. Cho 7,68 g Cu vo 120 ml dung dch hn hp gm HNO3 IM v H2 S04M

(lons). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c bao nhiu lt NO (ktc) ?Khi c cn dung dch thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan ?

26. Cho 1,92 g Cu vo 100 ml dung dch cha hai cht l KNO30,16M v H2S04

0,4M thy to ra mt cht kh c t .khi so vi H2l 15 v dung ch A.

a) Xnh th tch kh sinh ra ktc.

b) Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 0,5M ti thiu Gn dng kt ta ht ion Cu2+trong dung dch A.

27. Cho m gam bt Cu vo dung dch cha 13,6 g AgN03, khuy k. Khi phn

ng xong thm tip vo mt lng dung dch H 2 SO4 long, un nng n

phn ii hon ton thu c 9,28 g bt kim loi, dung dch A v kh NO.Khi lng NaOH cn thit tc dng vi cc cht trong A l 13 g. Xc

nh m v tnh s mol H2 S04 cho vo dung dch.

28. Cho 2,88 g Mg vo dung dch hn hp cha 0,2 mol HG v 0,015 mol

Cu(NO )2. Khi phn ng kt thc thu c rri gam hn hp kh N2 v H2v

m2 gam cht khng tan. Dung dch thu c ch cha mt cht tan l MgCl2.

Tnh m v m2.

29. Mui amoni v mui kim loi kim ging v khc nhau c bn nhng im

no ? Hy nu mt vi th d c th.

30. Cho kim loi M c ho tr n tc dng vi dung ch HNO 3 to thnh mui

nitrat, nc v mt trong cc sn phm l N 02, NO, N20, N2, NH4NO3 .

Hy cho bit mi quan h gia s moi kim loi M phn ng v s mol HNO3

cn ng trong cc phn ng.

31. Mui X nguyn cht c mu trng, tan trong nc. Dung dch X khng phn

ng vi dung dch H 2S04 nhng phn ng vi dung ch HC1 cho kt ta

19



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20/211

' ng tan trong NH3, khi axit ho dung dch to thnh bng dung dch HNO

th c kt ta trng .tr li. Cho Cu vo dung dch X, thm mt t dung dch

H2 S04 v un nng thy c kh mu nu bay ra, ng thi xut hin k

ta en. Hy xc nh mui X.

32* n t t hn hp kh X gm N2, 02 v N 0 2vo'bnh ng dung dch NaOH. (d), thu c dung ch A. Cho dung dch A tc dng ht vi dung dch

KMn04 c mt H2S04, thy mu tm hng bin mt, thu c dung dch B

Cho mt mu Cu v mt t dung dch H2 S04 long vo dung dch B ri unsi, thu c dung dch c mu xanh v kh D d ho nu ngoi khng kh.

Hy vit PTHH ca cc phn ng.

33. Hy vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra trong cc th nghim sau :

Th nghim ( ) :Cho vn km vo dung dch HNO3 ong thu (c dung dch

X, hn hp kh gm N2 v N2 0. Nh dung dch NaOH n d vo dung dch

X thy :

+ C kh mi khai thot ra.

+ Xuthin k ta trng, sau tan dn.

Th nghim (2) : Cho bt nhm vo dung dch hn hp gm HNO 3 , NaOH

un nng, thy c kh mi khai thot ra v thu c ng dch X. Sc kh C0

n d vo ung dch X, thy c kt ta trng.

34. Dung dch X cha hai axit HC1 v HNO3 c nng tng ng l IM v0,5M. Cho t t bt Mg vo 100 .m ung .dch X cho ti khi kh ngng thora, thu c ung dch Y ch cha cc mui ca magie v 0,963 lt hn hp Agm ba kh khng mu c khi lng l 0,772 g. Trn A vi 1 lt kh oxi (lyd), sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp kh B. Cho B i tt qua dung dch NaOH , thu c dung dch Y c th tch l 1,291 lt. Hytnh nng mol ca cc ion trong ung dch Y v khi lng Mg ho tan.

Bit rnghai kh trong A c %th tch nh nhau ; cc kh u c o ktc cc phn ng xy ra hon ton.

35. Cho 34 g mui nitrat ca kim loi M (ho tr khng i) vo mt bnh kndung tch 5,6 lt cha y khng kh iu kin tiu chun. Nng bnh n

khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, .sau a v 0c, thu c 2 ,6 g cht rn Av hn hp kh B.

a) Xc nh kim loi M, bit rng nguyn t khi ca M nh hn 170.

20



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21/211

b) Tnh p sut trong bnh sau phn ng, gi s th ch cht rn khng ng

k ; khng kh cha 80% th tch kh N2, cn li l 0 2.

36. Mt hn hp X gm 32,4 g Ag v 19,5 g kim loi R c ho tr II. Ho tan X

trong ung dch HN0 32M (y va ), thu c dung ch Y v kh NO duynht. Th tch kh NO to thnh t phn ng ca Ag v R vi dung dch

HNO3chnh lch nhau 2,24 lt (ktc).

a) Xc nh kim loi R.

b) Tnh th tch dung ch HNO3 dng.

37. Cho a mol Fe tc dng vi dung dch cha b mol HNO 3 , thu c dung ch

A v kh NO (duy nh). Hy bin un tm mi quan h gia a v b. Cho

bit dung dch A gm nhng ion no.38. Ho tan ht 4,43 g hn hp X gm A, Mg trong HNO3long, thu c dun

dch A v 1,586 lt hn hp kh B gm NO v N20 (ktc) c khi ing l

2,59 g.Hy xc nh %khi ng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp X theo bacch khc nhau.

39. Cho cn bng ho hc sau : 2N 0 2 N2 0 4 ; AH = -58 ,04 kJ

Cn bng trn s chuyn dch nh th no trong cc trng hp di y ?Gii thch.

1. Tng nhit .

2. Tng p sut.

3. Thm kh him agon trong 2 trng hp sau :

a) p sut khng i.

b) Th tch khng i.

4. Thm xc tc.

40. Cho hn hp X gm FeS, Cu2S c t l mol 1 : 1 tc dng hon ton vi dungdch HNO3d, thu c dung dch A v kh B. Cho dung ch BaCl2n

vo dung ch A thy xut hin kt ta trng. Kh B ngoi khng kh

chuyn thnh kh c c mu nu . Cho ung dch NH3n d vo dung dch

A thu c kt ta D. Nung D nhit cao n khi ng khng i ccht rn E. Hy vit PTHH ca cc phn ng.

2 ]



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22/211

! - BI TP TRC NGHIM

. Kh no sau y d.ho lng hn c ?

A. C0 2 B. NH3

c. N2 D. 0 2

2. Kim loi phn ng vi c N2 iu kin thng l

A. Li- B. Na.

c. Mg. D. Al.

3. Pht biu no saitrong cc pht biu sau ?

A. Cc nguyn t nhm VA c tnh oxi ho yu hn cc nguyn t nhm VIA.

B. iu kin thng, N2

kh tr v mt ho hc, n ph tr nn hot ng nhit cao, c bit l khi c mt cht xc tc.

c. Khi tan trong nc, NH3tn ti ch yu dng cation NH 4 .

D. Kh N2khng duy tr s chy v s sng.

4. Kim loi tan c trong ung dch NH3 l

A. Ag. B. Al.

c. Zn. D. Cu.

5. Cho cc kh : O 7 , NH3, N2, N 0 2, H, S 02, H2. S cc kh tan nhiu trong

nc l

A. 1. B. 2.

c. 3. D. 4.

6 . Trong phn t NH3 , nguyn t N trng thi lai ho

A ' 3 TD 2A. sp . B. sp .

c. sp. D. sp3d. //

7. Kh N2 c ln tp cht l kh C02. C th dng cht no sau y oi b kh

C 0 2 ?

A. Nc brom B. Nc vi trong

c . Dung dch thuc tm D. c A, B, c

22



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23/211

8 . Ion N3 c cu hnh electron ging vi cu hnh electron nguyn hoc ionno sau y ?

A. s2" B. c r

c. Ar D. F"

9. 'Zn(OH ) 2tan c trong dung dch NH3 l do

A. Zn(OH) 2l mt hiroxit c tnh axit.

B. Zn(OH)2 l mt hiroxit c tnh baz.

c. Zn(OH) 2 l mt hiroxit lng tnh.

D. Zn(OH) 2c kh nng to phc tan vi NH3.

10. Kh NH 3c th kh c ox it no sau y ?

A. CuO B.PbOG. Fe34 D. C A, B, c

11. Trong phng th nghim, lm kh kh NH3c th dng

'A. H2 SO4c. B. CaO.

c . P2 O 5 . D. CaC2 khan.

12. Mui no sau y va tc ng c vi dung dch axit mnh va tc dngc vi ung dch kim ?

A. N H tCl B. CH3 COONH4

C N H4N 0 3 D. (NH4 )2 S04

13. Phn m no sau y c hm lng nit ln nht ?

A. (NH4 )2 S 04 B.NH4NO3

c (NH2)2CO . D.NH 4CI

14. m hai l c cng thc ho hc l

A. NH4 Q . B. (NH4)2 S04.

c. NH4N 03. D. N aN03.

15. Mt bnh kn cha 5 lt kh nit v 10 lt kh hiro 0c v p sut 5 atm. Sau

phn ng tng hp amoniac, a nhit bnh v 0G. Bit rng c 40% nittham gia phn ng, p sut trong bnh sau phn ng l

23



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24/211

i

A. 3,667 atm. B. 3,43 atm.

c. 4,33 atm. D. 5,77 atm.

6 . Mt bnh kn cha,2 moJ N? v 8 mol H2c p sut l 400 atm. Khi t trng

thi cn bng th lng N 2 tham gia phn ng l 25%. p sut trong bnh saukhi a v nhit ban u l

A. 360 atm. ' B. 180 atm.

c. 90atm . D. 480 atm.

:? 17. Cho phn ng : FeO + HN0 3 (long)>?

Sn phm ca phn ng trn l

; | : A. Fe(N03)3, NO, H2 0 . B. Fe(N03)3, N 0 2, H20 .

I : c . Fe(N 03)3, N2, H20 . D. Fe(N 03)3, H2 0 .18. Cho phn ng :

Cu + N aN 0 3+ H2S04(long) C1 1SO4+ Na2 S04+ NOt + H20

Phn ng trn chng t :

A. ng c tnh kh mnh trong mi trng axit.

B. Ion NO 3 c tnh oxi ho mnh trong mi trng axit.

{- c . Ion NO3 c tnh oxi ho mnh trong bt k mi trng no.

D- NaN0 3c tnh oxi ho mnh trong mi trng axit.

19. nhn bit s c mt ca ion NO 3 trong dung dch eha cc ion : NO 3

N H c o 3 ~ Na+ c th dn

A. Cu v dung dch H2 SO4 long.

B. Cu v dung dch NaOH.

c. Fe v dung dch KOH.

I ;

'

l

D. Mg v dung dch CaiOH)-?.

20. Ho tan hon ton 0,1 mol mi kim loi Fe, Cu v Mg bng dung dch HNO

thu c 15,68 lt NxO (ktc). Cng thc ca oxit nit l

A. N2 0 . B. n o .

t c . n o 2. d . n 2 0 3.

s 24



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25/211

21. 10,64 g bt st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp X

gm Fe, FeO, Fe30 4 v Fe20 3. Ho tan hon ton X bng dung dch HNO3

long thu c 3,36 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc). Th tch kh O tham gia

phn ng lA. 448 ml. B. 560 mi.

G 672 m. D. 336 ml.

22. Trn 0,1 mol bt mi kim loi Fe, Cu, AI v 9,6 g bt s thu c hn hp

hp X. Nung X trong bnh kn sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp Y. Ho tan

hon ton Y bng dung dch HNO3c, nng. Th tch N0 2thot ra (ktc)

A. 58,24 lt. B. 22,4 lt.

c . 31,36 lt. D. 47,04 lt.

23. Ho tan 0,3 mo oxit st FexOy cn dng 400 ml dung dch HNO3 IM thu

c kh NO duy nht. Cng thc ca ox it st l

A. Fe. B. Fe30 4.

c. Fe2 0 3. D. c A, B.

24. Ho tan m gam hn hp hai mui FeS v CuS bng dung dch HNO3 IM thu -

c 0,1 moi mi kh NO v N02. Th tch dung dch HNO3cn ng l

A. 200 ml. B. 400 ml.c . 600 ml. D. 800 ml.

25. Cho cc c h t: FeO, Fe20 3, Fe(N 03)2, Cu2S v FeS. S cht tc dng c vi

dung dch HNO3ong gii phng ra kh NO l

A. 3. B. 4.

c 5. D. 6.

26. Cho 12,15 g bt A vo 12,5 m dung dch hn hp NaN0 3 IM v NaOH

3M, khuy u cho n khi kh ngng thot ra th dng li. Th tch kh thotra (ktc) l

A. 5,04 lt. B. 7,56 lt.

c . 17,92 lt. D. 10,08 lt.

27. Cho 6,4^g Cu tc ng vi 120 ml dung dch X gm HNO3 IM v H2 S04

0,5M (long) thu c V lt kh NO (ktc). Gi tr ca V l

25



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26/211

t

At 0,896. B. 1,12.

c 1,344. D. ,568.

28. Cho t t kh CO qua ng ng bt CuO un nng, sau phn ng thu ccht rn X v hn hp kh Y. Cho Y li chm qua binh ng nc vi trong

,d thy c m gam kt ta. Ho tan hon ton X bng dung dch HNO 3 longthu c 2,24 lt kh NO .(ktc). Gi tr ca m l

A. 10. B. 5.

c 20. D. 25.

29. Nhit phn hon ton m gam hn hp X gm C u(N 03 ) 2 v AgN0 3 thu ccht rn Y v 14,56 lt hn hp kh z (ktc). Y tc ng va vi 200 mldung dch HCI IM. Gi tr ca m

A. 86,9. B. 96,8.

c. 68,9. D. 69,8.30. Nhit phn hon ton hn hp hai mui Fe(N0 3 ) 2 v Mg(N0 3 ) 2 thu c

m gam cht rn X. Mt khc, nu cho ton b lng mui trn tc dng vidung dch NaOH d, kt ta thu c em nung trong khng kh n khilng khng i thu c 32 g cht rn. Gi tr ca m

A. 8. B. 16.

c. 24. D. 32.

31. Nhit phn hon ton 12,75 g mui M (N 03)n (M c ho tr khng i), khi

ing chl rn cn li sau khi nung l 10,35 g. Cng thc ca mui nitrat lA. NaN03. B. M g(N03)2.

c. Cu (N0 3)2. D. AgNOs.

32. Nhng mt thanh kim loi M vo 50 ml dung dch AgN 03 IM, sau phn ngkhi lng ca thanh kim oi tng 2,6 g. Kim loi M l

A. Cd. B. Cu.

c. Pb. D. Hg. . .

33. Ho tan hon ton 2,16 g kim loi M trong dung dch HISO3 long thu cm gam mui M(N0 3 ) 3 v hn hp kh E gm 0,15 mol N2, 0,15 mol N2 0 .Gi tr ca m l

A. 107,4. B. 170,4.

c. 410,7. D. 470,1.

26



B

I

D

N

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O

N

-

L

-

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A

C

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2

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0

B

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27/211

34. Cho cc phn m : NH4NO3 , NaNOj, Ca(N0 3 )2 , NH4CI. S phn m thchhp bn cho loi t chua l

A. 1. B. 2.

C .3. D. 4.

35. Phn ln supephotphat n c thnh phn ho hc lA. Ca( H2P 0 4 ) 2v Ca3 (P04)2. ' B. Ca(H2P 0 4 ) 2v CaS04 .2H20 .

c. Ca(H2P 04)2. D. Ca3 (P04)2.

36. t chy hon ton 4,65 g photph trong oxi d. Sn phm to thnh, phnng va vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH IM. Khi lng mui khan thu csau phn ng l

A- 10,65 g. B. 18 g.

c. 19, i g. D. 2,4 g.

37. Cho 300 ml dung ch NaOH IM vo 200 ml dung ch H3PO4 IM, Sau phnng, trong dung dch c cha

A. NaH2P 0 4. B. NaH2 P 0 4v Na3 P04.

c Na H2 P 0 4v Na2 HP04. D. Na2 HP04v Na3P04.

38. Cho 35,5 g P205 vo 200 ml dung dch H 3PO46 % (D = 1,03 g/ml). Nng

%ca H3PO4trong dung dch thu c l

A. 15,26%. B. 16,52%.

c.2 4.5 % , D. 25,4%.

39. t chy 15,5 g photpho ri ho tn sn phm vo 200 g nc. Nng %ca dung dch axt thu c l

A. 11,36%. B. 20,8%.

c.. 24,5%. D. 22,7%.

40. Trong cng nghip, ngi ta iu ch nit t

A. NH4N 0 2. B. khng kh.

c HNO3 . D. hn hp NH4CI v NaN02.

41. C th dng cht no sau y nhn bit kh N2c n tp cht ! kh-H^S ?

A.NaOH B.Pb(N03 ) 2

C.NH 3 D. Cu

27



B

I

D

N

GT

O

N

-

L

-

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A

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2

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1

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0

B

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28/211

42. Cc dung ch NH3, NaOH v Ba(OH) 2c cng nng raol. Gi gi tr pHca cc dung dch ny ln lt l a, b, c th

A. a = b = c. B. a > b > c.

c . a c b c c . D. a > c > b .43. p trung ho 50 midung dch NH3 cn dng 25 ml dung dchH 2M.

trung ho cng lng dung dch NH3 cn bao nhiu mililit dung dchH7SO4

M ?

A, 25 ml B. 50 ml

c 12,5 ml D. 2,5 ml

44. C cc dung dch : (NH4 )2 S04, NH4C1, Na2S04. Ch dng mt ho cht no

sau y c th phn bit c cc dung dch trn ?A. BaCl2 B. Ba(OH) 2

C.NaOH D. AgN 03

45. Cho 4,05 g nhm kim loi phn ng vi dung dch HNO3 d thu c kh NO

duy nht. Khi lng ca kh NO thu c l

A. 4,5 g. B. 6,9 g.

c .3 g . D. 6,75 g.

46. Ha tan 4,59 g AI bng dungdch HN3 thu c hn hp kh NO vN20 c

t khi i vi hiro bng 16,75. Th tch NO v N20 sinh ra (ktc) l

A. 2,24 lt v 6,72 lt. B. 2,016 lt v 0,672 lt.

c . 0,672 lt v 2,016 lt. D. 1,972 lt v 0,448 lt.

47. Ho tan hon ton 15,9 g hn hp gm ba kim loi Al, Mg v Cu bng dung

dch HNO3thu c 6,72 lt kh NO v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X th

khi lng mui khan thu c l

A. 77,1 g. B. 71,7 g.C 1 7 ,7 g . D. 53,1 g. .

48. Cho mt lng hnhp X gm Mg v AI tc dng vi dung dch HO d thu

c 3,36 lt kh H2. Cng lng hn hp X trn tan ht trong dung dch

HNO3long, d thu c V lt kh NO (cc th tch kh o ktc). Gi tr caV l

28



B

I

D

N

GT

O

N

-

L

-

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A

C

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2

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0

0

B

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29/211

A. 2,24. B. 3,36.

c. 4,48. D. 5,6.

49. Trong phng th nghim, HN 03c iu ch theo phn ng sau :

NaN03(rn)+H2S04(c)- HNO3 .+ NaHS04 '

Phn 'ng trn xy ra l v

A. H2 S04c tnh axit mnh hn HNO3 -

B. HNO3d bay hi hn H 2S04.

c. H2 S0 4c tnh pxi ho mnh hn HNO3 .

. mt nguyn nhn khc.

50. Nung Cu(N03 ) 2 nhit cao, sau mt thi gian dng ii, lm ngui ri cnthy khi lng gim 0,54 g. Khi lng mui Cu(N0 3 ) 2 b nhit phn l

A. 0,5 g. B. 0,49 g.

c. 9,4 g. D. 0,94 g.

51. Cho 12 g ung dch NaOH 10% tc dng vi 5,88 g dung dch H3 P 0 4 20%thu c ung dch X. Dung dch X cha

A. Na2 H P04. B. Na3P04.

c NaH2P 0 4. D. Na2 HP04v Na3 P04.52. Pht biu no sau y sa il

A.Tt c cc mui ihirophotphat u tan trong nc.

B. Tt c cc mui hirophotphat u tan trong nc.

c. Mui photphat trung ho ca natri, kali v amoni u tan trong nc.

D. Mui photphat trung ho ca hu ht cc kim loi u khng tan trong nc.

53. Cng thc ca phn supephotphat kp l

A. CaH P04. B. Ca3 (P04)2.c. Ca(H2 P04)2. D. Ca(H2P 0 4 ) 2v Ca3 (P04)2.

54. Nc cng toan l hn hp ca th tch dung dch HNO3 c vi 3 th tchdung dch

A. HO c. B. H2 S04c.

c. HCO3c. D. HC104c.

29



B

I

D

N

GT

O

N

-

L

-

H

A

C

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2

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1

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0

B

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N

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30/211

55. Trong cng nghip thc phm, ngi ta dng mui no sau y lm bt n ?

A. (NH4)2S04 B. n h 4h c o 3

c. CaC03 ' D. NH4N 0 2

56. Khi lng phn amophot thu c khi cho kh NH 3 tc ng va vi

,96 tn axit photphoric khan theo t l mol tng ng 3 : 2 lA. 24,7 tn. B. 2,47 tn.

c. 1,15 tn. D. ,32 tn.

57. Khi lng amoni nitrit cn nhit phn thu c 5,6 lt kh N2(ktc) l

A. 8 g. B. 32 g.

c. 20 g. D. 16 g.

58. Cho hn hp cc kh : N2, CI2, S02, C 0 2v H2qua dung dch NaOH d thu

c hn hp kh gm

A. N2, 2, s o 2. B. Cl2, S02t C02.

c. N2, CI2, H2. D. n2, h2.

59. Khi c st trong kh quyn sinh ra cht no sau y ?

. A. N ,0 B.NO

c. n o 2 d. n h 3

60. Dung dch NH 3khngth to phc cht vi hiroxit ca kim loi no sau y ?A. Cu B. Ag

c . Zn D. Fe

61. Nhit phn hon ton mt lng hn hp hai mui (NH4)2 C0 3v NH4 HCO3

thu c 13,44 lt kh NH 3 , 1 1 , 2 lt kh C0 2 (ktc). Tng s moi ca hai

mui l

A. 0, Imol . B. 0,4 moi.

c . 0,5 mol. D. 0,6 mol. /62. C 6 dung ch : NH4CI, NaN03, (NH4 )2S04, CuS04, M g 2, ZnCl2. Ch

dng dung dch no sau y c th nhn ra c 6 dung dch trn ?

A. Qu tm B. NaOH

c. Ba(OH) 2 D. NH 3

30



B

I

D

N

GT

O

N

-

L

-

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A

C

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2

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0

B

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31/211

63. Cho phn ng : X + HNO3>Fe(NC>3 ) 3 + H20

X c th l

A. FeO hoc Fe(OH)2. B. Fe304 hoc Fe.

c. Fe(OH) 3hoc Fe20 3. D. Fe hoc FeO.

64. Phn m amoni thch hp cho cc loi t t chua l do mui amoni

A. b thu phn to mi trng baz.

B. b thu phn to mi trng axit.

c. b thu phn to mi trng trung tnh.

D. khng b thu phn.

65. Cc thuc th c th dng phn bit ba ung dch long ring bit H , HNO3

v H2S( ) 4l

A. giy qu tm, ung dch NaOH.

B. dung dch cha ion Ba2+, Cu kim loi,

c. ung dch cha ion Ag+.

D. phenolphtalein, gi qu tm.

6 6 . Trn 2 lt kh NO vi 3 lt kh 0 2. Hn hp sau phn ng c th tch l

A. 3 lt. B. 5 lt.

c. 4 lt. ' D. 7 lt.

67. Th tch N2(ktc) thu c khi nhit phn 40 g NH4NO2l

A. 4,48 lt. B. 44,8 lt.

c . 14 lt. D. 22,4 lt.

6 8 . Kh NH 3khngth hin tnh kh trong phn ng vi cht no sau y ?

A. H a - B. HNO3long

c. H2S04c . Cl2

69. Cc mui amoni trong dy no sau y khi b nhit phn thu c kh NH3 ?

A. NH4 CI, (NH4)2C 0 3 B. NH4NO3 , NH4H C03

c. n h 4n o 3, NH4N02, D. NH4N03, (NH4)2C03



B

I

D

N

GT

O

N

-

L

-

H

A

C

P

2

3

1

0

0

0

B

T

R

N

H

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32/211

70. Sq mol kh NO (duy nht) thu c khi cho hn hp gm 64 g Cu v 80 g

CuO tan trong dung dch HN0 3long

7 1 .'Ha tan hon'ton hn hp gm 0,1 moi Fe v 0,2 mol AI vo dung dch

HNO3d thu c hn hp kh-X gm NO v N 0 2c t l s mol tng ngl 2 : I. Th tch ca hn hp kh X (ktc) l

72. Trong cng nghip, ngi ta iu ch H3PO4t nhng ho cht l

A. Ca3 (P04)2, H2 S0 4long.

B. Ca(H2 P 0 4)2- H2 S04c.

c. P2 0 5. H2 0 .

D. Ca3 (P04)2, H2S04c.

73. Phn kai c nh gi bng

A. hm ng %K.

B. s nguyn t K.

c. hm lng % KOH tng ng vi lng kali c trong thnh phn ca n.

D. hm lng % K20 tong ng vi lng fcali c ong thnh phn ca n.

A. 2/3 mol.

c . 4 mol.

B. 1/4 mol.

D. 3/2 moi.

A: 86,4 lt.

c. 19,28 lt.

B. 8,64 lt.

D. 192,8 lt.

32



B

I

D

N

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O

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-

L

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B

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33/211

CHNG 3 : NHM CACBON

I - BI TP T LUN .

1. Nu s khc nhau v tnh cht ho hc gia cacbon v silic.

2. Dung dch (NH4 )2C 0 3c mi trng g ?

Cho Ka(NH4 ) = 5,7. 10" 1 0 ;K b (CO ) = 2,4. 10"

3. V sao kh c o rt c i vi ngi v ng vt ?

4. V sao phn C 0 2 khng phn cc, mc d m in ca oxi ln hn m in ca cacbon ?

5. Trong phng th nghim, c hai dung dch cha bit nng l NaHS04 v

Na2CQ3 . Ngi ta tin hnh cc th nghim sau :

Th nghim () : Cho t t 100 g dung dch NaHS04 vo 100 g dung dch

Na2C 03, thu c 198,9 g dung ch A.

Th nghim (2) : Q1 0 t t 100 g dung dch Na2C 0 3 vo 100 g dung dchNaHS04, thu c 197,8 g ung dch B.

Th nghim (3) :Cho 50 g dung dch NaHS04 vo 100 gdung dchNa2 C03,

thu c 150gdung dch c.

a) Hy gii thch kt qu ca cc th nghim trn.

b) Tnh nng phn trm ca hai dung ch ban u.

6 . Sc a mol kh C 0 2t t qua dung dch cha b mol NaOH, thu c dung dch

X. Hy cho bit dung dch X gm nhng cht no v c s mol l bao nhiu.7. Ngi a thc hin cc th nghim sau y :

Th nghim ( ) :Nhit phn hon on m 1gam CaC03 lv kh C02.

Th nghim (2) : in phn dung dch cha m2 gam N a (in cc tr, c

mng ngn) cho ti khi cn 25% NaCl khng b in phn, r tch ly dungdch NaOH.

33

3-BTNCHH11-



B

I

D

N

GT

O

N

-

L

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A

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34/211

Xh nghim (3) : Cho kh CO2 thu c h nghim (I) hp th hon tonvo dung dch NaOH tch c th nghim (2), thu c dung dch X. X va

tc duns c vi dung dch KOH, va tc dng c vi dung dch B a 2.

a) Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra cc th nghim trn.

^ ' , b) Hy cho bit mi quan h gia 0 1 ] v m2.

8 . . Cho b mo! C 0 2tc dng vi nc vi rong cha a mol Ca(OH)2.

a) Vi b ln lt l 0 ; 0,25a ; 0,5a ; la ; l,25a ; l,5a ; 2a. Hy v th biu

din s mol kt ta CaC0 3ph thuc vo s mol C02.

b) Da vo th, hy cho bit s mo C 0 2 cn tc dng vi Ca(OH) 2 to

ra 0,75a mol CaC03.

9. Cho hi nc qua than nng , sau khi loi h hi nc, hu c hn hp

kh X gm CO, H? v CO9 . Cho X vo bnh kn dung tch khng i cha

ox () thu c hn hp kh (0c v pj atm). chy hon ton A thu

c hn hp B, a nhit trong bnh v 0c th p su trong bnh l P 2=

0,5pj. Nu cho NaOH rn vo bnh hD th ht kh CO2th cn !imt kh

duv nht 0c c p sut p3= 0,3p i.

. - a) Tnh % th tch cc kh trong A.

b) Cn bao nhiu kilogam than c cha 4% tp cht tr hu c 1000 m3

hn hp X o 136,5c v 2,24 atm ? Bit rng c 90% cacbon b t chy.

10. Cho hn hp khng kh v hi nc i qua than nng , thu c hn hp

kh A. Cho A tc dng vi lng d hn hp CuO v Fe 30 4 nung nng thu

c hn hp kh B. Sc B vo nc vi trong to thnh mj gam kt ta. Lc,

tch ki ta, un nng nc lc cho n khi phn ng hon ton li thu c

m2gam kt ta.

a) Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng v cho bit A, B gm nhng kh g.

b) Tnh khi lng kt ta cc i c th thu c theo TTij vX m2.

XI. C cc dung ch ca cc cht sau :

NH4HC03, NaHS04, NaHC03, Mg(HC03)2, Na2 S03, Ba(HC03)2.

Khng dng thm ho cht, hy phn bit cc dung dch trn bng phngphp ho hc.

343-BTNCHH11-B



B

I

D

N

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O

N

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A

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35/211

12. C 1 lt ung dch X gm Na2C 0 30,1M v (NH4 )2 C0 3 0>25M. Cho 43 g hn

hp BaCl2 v CaCl? vo dung dch X. Sau khi kt thc phn ng, thu c

39,7 g kt ta A v dung dch B.

a) Tnh cfckhi lng cc ch trong A.

b) Chia ung ch B thnh 2 phn bng nhau :

- Cho dung dch HC1 d vo phn (), sau c cn dung dch v nung chtrn cn li i khi lng khng i, c.cht rn Y. Tnh % khi lng cacc cht ong Y.

- un nng phn th (2 ) ri them t t 270 ml dung dch Ba(OH ) 20,2M vo.

Hi t khi lng ca hai dung dch gim ti a bao nhiu gam ? Gi snc bay hi khng ng k.

13. Cho ml lung kh c o i qua ng s ng 0,04 mol hn hp A gm FeC v

Fe20 3 t nng. Sau khi kt thc th nghim, thu c cht rn B gm 4 cht

c khi lng l 4,784 g. Kh i ra khi ng s cho hp th vo dung dch

Ba(OH) 2 d, thu c 9,062 g kt ta. Mt khc, ho tan cht rn B bng

dung dch HC1 d, thy thot ra 0,6272 lt H2(ktc).

a) Tnh %khi lng ca cc oxit trong A.

-b) Tnh % khi lng ca cc cht trong B. Bit rng trong B, s mol oxi stt bng /3 tng s mol st() oxit v st(III) oxit.

4. Cho lung kh c o qua ng s ng 31,2 g hn hp CuO v FeO nung nng.

Sau th nghim, thu c cht rn A. Cho kh i ra khi r.g s li t t qua

1 lt dung dich Ba(OH) 2 0,2M, thy to thnh 29,55 g kt ta. Tnh khi lng

cht rn A.

15. Ho tan hon ton 11,2 g CaO vo nc, c dung dch A. Ngi ta thc

hin cc th nghim sau :

Th nghicm (1) :Sc kh C0 2vo dung dch A. Nu sau khi kt thc th nghim,

thy c 2,5 g kt ta th c bao nhiu lt kh C0 2 tham gia phn ng ?

Th nghim (2): Ho tan hon ton 28,1 g hn hp MgC0 3 v BaC03c thnh

phn khi lng khng i, trong cha a% MgC03v khi lng bng ung

dch HC1 v cho tt c kh thot ra hp th ht vo dung dch A th thu c ktta D. Tnh a khi lng kt ta D thu c l nhiu nht v t nht.

35



B

I

D

N

GT

O

N

-

L

-

H

A

C

P

2

3

1

0

0

0

B

T

R

N

H

N

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36/211

16. a) Khi t chy 10 g cacbon th c hn hp c o v C0 2 theo t l th tch4 : 1 . Tnh th lch oxi tham gia phn ng (ktc).

b) Trong mt binh Isn cha hn hp c o , C 0 2v 0 2. Sau khi t chy ri a

v iu kin ban u thy p .sut trong bnh gim 4%. T khi ca hn hp- kh trong bnh so vi hiro l 91/6. Tnh % th tch cc kh trong binh trc v

.'sau khi phn ng.

1. Cacbon c th lc dng trc tip vi tt c cc cht dy no sau y ?

A. 0 2, Cl2, COo, Fe20 3 B. Si02, Fe, H2, MgO

c. AI2 O3 , Ba, H2S0 4c, F2 D. H20 , HNO3 , CaO, K2Cr2( ) 7

2. Loi than c dng lm cht n khi lu ho cao su, sn xut mc in, xinh giy l

A. than ch. B. than cc

c . than g. D. than mui.

.. 3- . Phn ng c dng iu ch kh c o trong phng th nghim la

t0A. C + H20 CO + H2 B. 2C + 0 2 ^ 2CO

_ t _ H?SOdcc. C0 2+ c > 2 CO D. HC OOH-----2 04 - > c o + H20

4. Cp cht no sau y cng tn ti trong mt ung dch ?

A. Ba(HC03 ) 2 v NOH B. Na2C 0 3v NaH S04

c. K2S0 3 v FeCl3 D. C6H5ONa v NaHC03

5. Hin tng xy ra khi nh t t ti d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch

Ba(HC03 ) 2 : /

A. Khng c hin tng g.

B. C kt ta trng xut hin v khng tan trong NaOH d.

c . C kt ta trng xut hin, kt ta tan trong NaOH d.

D. C kh khng mu thot' ra.



B

I

D

N

GT

O

N

-

L

-

H

A

C

P

2

3

1

0

0

0

B

T

R

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H

N

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37/211

6 Hp Ih ht V lt kh C 02(ktc) vo bnh ng 500 m! dung dch Ba(OH) 2 1M.Sau khi kt thc phn ng thu c 59,! g kt ta. Gi tr ca V l

A. 6,72. B. 1,2.

c . 15,68. D. 6,72 hoc 15,68.7. Cp cht no sau y cng tn ti trong mt dung dch ?

A. AC3v Na2 C 0 3 B. FeCl3v (NH4 )2C 0 3

' c. NaA102v NaHC03 D. MgCl2v NaOH

8 . Sc V lt S02 (ktc) vo 4 lt dung dch Ba(OH) 2 0,0IM thu c 6,51 g kta trng. Gi tr ca V l

A. 0,672 v 1,12. B. 0,672 v 0,896.

c . 0,672 hoc 1 , 1 2 . ' D. 0,672 hoc 0,896.9. Trng hp no sau y khngthy si bt kh ?

A. Nh t t 100 ml dung dch HO 0, IM vo 100 mi dung dch Na2C 0 30,1M.

B. Nh t t 100 m dung dch Na2C0 3 0,IM vo 100 ml dung dch H 0, IM.

c. Ngm l km vo 100 ml ung dch hn hp NaN03v NaOH.

D. Nh t t 100 mi dung dch CH3 COOH 0,1M vo 100 ml dung dch

NaHC03 0,1M.

10. Cho lung kh c o i qua 30 g hn hp X gm MgO, CiO v Fe3 04 nungnng. Sau mt thi gian thu c 26 g hn hp cht rn Y v hn hp kh z.Cho z li chm qua bnh ng nc vi trong d thu c m gam kt ta. Gitr ca m

A. 15. B. 20.

c. 25. D. 30.

11. Hn hp cht rn X gm Na9C 0 3 v FeC03 trong mi cht c 0,1 moi.Nung X trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c m gam ch rn.

Gi tr ca m -lA. 13,4. B. 14,2.

c 17,8. D. 18,6.

12. Nh t t 200 ml dung ch H 2M vo 100 ml dung dch X gm NaH C03,

Na2 C0 3 v K2C 0 3 u c nng IM thu c dung dch Y. Th tch ungdch NaOH IM cn trung ho ht ung dch 1/2 lng dung dch Y l

37



B

I

D

N

GT

O

N

-

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38/211

A. 50 ml. B. 100 m.

c 150 mi. D. 200 ml.

13. Hn hp kh X grruC0 2 , HC1 v hi nc. c C 0 2tinh khit c th cho X

n lt i qua

, A. dung dch Na2C03, H2S0 4c.. B. H?S04c, dung dch Na2 C 0 3.

c. dung ch NaH C0 3bo ho, H2S 0 4c.

D. H-,S04c, dung dch NaHCOj.

14. Kh nng thu thm electron t n cu hnh electron bn ca kh himca cc nguyn t t cacbon n ch trong nhm IVA bin i Tih th no ?

A. Tng dn B. Gim dn

c. Khng bin i D. Khng theo quy lut no

15. Dung dch m c ca cp cht no sau y c gi I thu tinh lng ?

A. CaSi03v M gSi0 3 B. BaSi0 3v MgSi03

c. Na2 Si0 3 v K2SiC>3 D. BeSi03v SrSiOj

16. Cho 24,4 , hn hp Na2Si0 3v K0S1O3 tc dng va vi dung dch BaCl2

thu c 39,4 g kt ta. Lc b kt ta, c cn dung dch th khi lng muikhan thu c l

A. 24,6 g. B. 25,6 g.

c. 26,6 g. D. 27,6 g.

17. Silic ioxit thuc loi

A. oxi axit. B. oxit baz.

c. oxit lng tnh. D. oxit trung tnh.

18. CaC03 c trong thnh phn ca qung no sau y ?

A. Hematil B. Manhetit c. Boxit D. lmit

19. Sc V mi kh C 0 2 (ktc) vo 2 lt dung dch Ca(OH) 20,001 M thy xut hin

0 , 1 g kt ta trng, lc kt a ri em un nng ung ch thu c 0 , 1 g kt

ta na. V c gi tri l

38



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39/211

A. 22,4. B. 44,8.

c. 67,2.' D. 89,6.

20. Sc V lt C 0 2 (ktc) vo 4 lit dung dch Ca(OH ) 20,02M thu c 5 g kt tatrng. V c gi tr l

A. 1,12 v 2,464 B. 1,12 v 1,792

c. 1,12 hoc 1,792 D. 1,12 hoc 2,464

21. phn bit hai dung dch Na-}C03v Na2 S(> 3 c th dng dung dch

A. qu tm. B. HO.

C C aC l2. D. Br2.

2 2 . Th tc-h dung dch NaOH 2M ti thiu cn dng hp th ht 5,6 lt C 0 2(ktc) l

A. 250 m. B. 500 ml.G 300 ml. D. 125 ml.

23. C th dng thuc th no sau y nhn bit hai kh S02v C 0 2 ?

A. Dung dch NaOH B. Dung dch Ca(OH)o

c. Dung dch Br2 D. Giy qu tm m;

24. nhn bit cc ung ch ring bi t: N2 C0 3 , Mg v AIC3c th dngdung dch

A. Ba(OH)2. B. Ca(OH)2.

c NaOH. D. Baa2.

39



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40/211

CHNG 4 : I CNG V HO HC HU c

I - B i rr p v;-9 5 ^ .

1; Hy gii thch v sao phn ln cc cht hu c dn in km ngay c khi trng thi lng.

2. Th no l php phn tch nh tnh v php phn tch nh lng nguyn t*Khi phn tch nh lng cc ngyn t c, H, N trong hp cht hu c, chnthng c chuyn thnh cc cht v c no ? Nguyn t oxi thng xc nh bng cch no ?

3. Khi t chy mt hp cht hu c trong kh oxi ngi ta thu c hn hp sphm chy "m C 02, H20 , N2, H . Trong hp cht chc chn c mnhng nguyn t no ?

4. t chy mt cht hu c B trong oxi, ngi ta ch thu c .sn phm chy

gm kh COt v hi nc. Khi t chy 9,2 g B bng mt lng oxi va

dn sn phm chy ln lt i qua bnh ( 1 ) ng P2 5 , bnh (2 ) n

Ca(OH) 2 d th khi lng bnh ( 1 ) tng thm 1 0 , 8 g, khi lng bnh (2tng thm 17,6 g. Hy xc nh cng thc n gin nht ca B.

'

y 5. ng saccaroza (X) cu to t 3 nguyn t c , H, o y c M = 342 g/moKhi t chy 17,1 g X vi mt lng oxi d ri cho hn hp kh v hi sa

phn ng ln lt qua bnh (1) ng H2 S04 c, bnh (2) ng KOH d thkhi lng bnh ( 1 ) tng thm 9,9 g, khi lng bnh (2) tng thm 26,4 gXc nh cng thc phn t ca ng saccaroza

6 . Trn 1 lt kh hu c A vi 5 lt kh 02 trong mt bnh kn. Bt tia la in chy hon ton kh A th thu c 6 lt hn hp kh v hi gm 3 cht Dn h

hp sau khi chy qua bnh H2 S04c th cn li 4 lt kh. Dn tip kh qua bn

ng dung dch KOH th cn li 1 lt kh b hp th hon ton bi photphtrng. Lp cng thc phn t ca A. Cc th tch kh c o cng iu kin

7. t chy hon ton hirocacbon X th kh thu c 35*2 g kh cacbonic v18 g nc.

a) Tnh khi lng v th tch (ktc) ca X v kh oxi tham gia phn ngLp cng thc phn t ca X.

b) Tnh t khi ca X so vi khng kh.

40



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41/211

i t~ B TP TRC NGHIM

1. Trong thnh phn phn t ca hirocacbon nht thit phi c

A. cacbon v hiro. B. cacbon.c. cacbon, hiro v oxi. D. cacbon v ni t.

2. Dy cht no sau y u l dn xut ca hirocacbon ?

A. CH2 2, KBr, C2H3C1

B CH3OH, CH3NH2, c a 4

c QHgOH, Q H j , CH3COOH

D. CH2Br - CHBr2, HCOOH, SiF4

3. Trong cc tn gi : vinyl clo raa (1) ; 1,2-icloetan (2) ; pro pan-l-o l (3) ;

benzyl bromua (4); clometan (5), nhng tn thuc loi danh php thay th l

. A.(i),


42/211

*

A. (1), (2). B .( l) ,(4 ).

c . (2), (4). D. (3), (2).

7. Cho hp cht X c CTCT CH=C-CH2-CH 2~CHO. Trong phn t X c

A. 5 lin kt a v 3 lin kt 7.

' ' , B. l lin kt v 3 lin kt K.c. 12 lin kt CTv 2 lin kt 71.

D. 11 iin kt v 2 lin kt TU.

8 . > chy hon ton 8,9 g cht hu c X thu c 6,72 lt kh C 02, 1,12.lt kh

N2 v 6,3 g H20 (cc kh c o ktc). Khi ho hi 4,5 g X hu c thtch hi bng th tch ca 1, 6 g kh oxi (o cng iu kin). CTPT ca X !

A. C3H5 0 2N. B. C3H7 ON.

c. C3H70 2N. D. C3H7ON2.9. t chy hon ton 0,282 g cht hu c Y thu c 0 , 8 g C02, 448 ml kh N2

(ktc) v 0,194 g H2 0. Bit phn t X ch cha mt nguyn t nit. CTPT caX l

A. C6H7N. B. C7H7N.

c. c 3h 7n. d. c 3h 9n.

10. t chy hon ton 3,6 g cht hu c X (cha c, H, O) cn ng 4,48 lt kh

4'1 1

0 2 (ktc) thu c Vqo = 3Vq ; rQ Q . Bit Mx < 80 g/mol.2


43/211

13. Cht X c CTCT CH2Br - CHBrCl. Tn gi ca X

A. 1,2-ibrom-l--cloetan.

B. ,2 brom-2-cloetan.

c . l -c lo- l ,2 -ibrometan.

D. 1,2-brom-l-cIoetan.14. Cho cc phn ng :

(1) CH2-C H 2+ H2 NU >,CH3CH3

(2) CH5 CH-CH2+ C12 -> c 6h5 c h q c h 2q

(3) C2HsOH + Na -^ H -jO N a + - H2

(4) CgH(, +3Q 2>C6H6Q6

Nhng phn ng thuc loi phn ng cng l

. (2), (3), (4). B. (1), (2), (4).

c. (I), (4 ). D.(l),( 2 ).

15. Cho cht Y c CTPT C4H9. S ng phn cu to ca Y l : ;

A. 1. - B. 2.

C.3. . 4.

16. tch ring benzen (ts = 80C) v axit axetic (ts = 118C) ra khi hn hp

hai cht nn dng phng php no sau y ?

A. Chng ct B. Chit

G Kt tinh . Chng ct phn on

17. cng iu kin, 1 lt kh X nng hn 1 lt kh nit 2,07 ln. CTPT ca X l

A. C5 Hj ). B. C^Hq. -

c . c 4h 1{, d . c 5h 8.18. ktc, 1 lt hi X c khi lng xp x 3,93 g. CTPT ca X l

A. C2H4O2 . B C4g02.

c. CO. D.QH602.

.4 3



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44/211

19. t chy hon ton 0,366 g cht hu ca X thu c 0,792 g c o 2v 0,234 g

H2 0. Mt khc, phn hu 0,549 g cht thu 37,42 ml kh ni t (27c ;750 mmHg). Bit phn t X ch cha mt nguyn t nit. CTPT ca X l

A. C3H5 02N. B. Q H hO N .

t . C9H1 3 0 3N. D. CH^ON.

20. t chy hon ton hp cht hu ca X (cha c, H, O) thu c C0 2 v hi

H2 O c ti l th tch VC0 2 = - VH o = - v 0 . CTPT ca X l

A. OjHgOj. B. C3 H4O3 .

c. C3H80 2. D. C3HhO.21. S CTCT c th c ca hp cht hu c X (cha c, H, O) c khi lng mol

phn t bng 74 g/mol l

A. 1. B.2.

c. 3. D. 4.

22. Cho cht hu c X c cng thc n gin nht l CH5N. CTPT ca X l

A-CzHjoN. B. CH5N.

C.C 2 H 10N2. d . c 3h ]5n 3.

23. Ch hn hp gm CH3CHO (ts = 21C); C2H5OH (ts = 78,3C) ; CH3COOH

(ts .= 118Q v H20 (ts =100C). C th dng ho cht v phng php no(ts .= 118 Q v H20 (ts =100VC). C th dng hi

sau y tch ring tng cht ra khi hn hp ?

A. Na2 S04khan, chng ct

B. NaOH, chng ct

c. Na2 S04khan, chitD. NOH, kt tinh /

24. cng iu kin, 1 lt kh X nng hn lt khng kh 2,07 ln. CTIT ca X l

A. CH20 . B. C2H4 0 ?.

c . C2H4o . d . C3 H6o .

44



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45/211

25. Cht hu c X c phn trm khi lng H v N ln t l 7,86%, 15,73%. t

chy hon ton 2,225 g X thu c 1 , 6 8 lt C0 2 (ktc), bit Mx < 100 g/mo.CTPT ca X l

A. C2H5 02N. B. C3H502N.c C3 H70 2N. D. c 4h9o2 n .

26. t chy hon ton 0,62 g hp cht hu c X thu c 0,88 g C0 2 v 0,9 g

H2 0. un nng 0,31 g X vi CuO d sinh ra 124 ml N2 (27c ; 750 mmHg).Bit CTPT ca X trng vi cng thc n gin nht. CTPT ca X l

A. CH5N. B. QHjN .

c. C2H7N. D. c h 3n .

27. t chy hon ton 2,25 g hp cht hu c Y (cha c, H, O) phi dng ht

3,08 lt o? (ktc) thu c hi nc v kh C0 2 c t l th tch l 5/4. CTPTca Y l

A. C4 H0O2. B. C4H i0O.

c. C2 H5O. D. C2H50 2.

45



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46/211

CHNG 5 : HIROCACBON NO

- BI TP T LUN ' '

1. Khi crckinh ankan A ngi ta thu c hn hp kh B gm hai ankan v hai

anken, dg/H = 14,5. Khi dn hn hp kh sau phn ng qua nc brom d

th khi lng hn hp kh gim 55,52%.

a) Lp cng thc phn t ca A v cc cht trong hn hp B.

b) Tnh thnh phn %theo th tch ca cc cht trong hn hp B.

2. Khi tin hnh phn ng th gia ankan A v kh 2 ngi ta thu c 2 dn xut

th clo (A] v A2). T khi hi ca Aj, A2so V! hiro ln lt 32,25 v 49,5.

a) Lp cng thc phn t ca A.

b) Vit cng thc cu to ca A 5v A2.

c) Vit phng trnh tng qut biu din phn ng th ca A vi clo.

3. Khi tin hnh phn ng th gia ankan B vi hi brom c chiu sng ngi ta thu c mt hn hp X chi c 2 cht (mt cht v c v mt ch hu c)

th hi. T khi ca X so vi khng kh bng 4.

a) Tnh khi lng mol phn t ca mi cht trong X.b) Lp cng thc phn t v CTCT ca B.

/c) Nu tin hnh phn ng th 3 nguyn t H trong phn t B bng co th cth thu c bao nhiu sn phm th ?

4. Hn hp kh A gm metan v hiro. Khi t chy 1 th tch A cn 5 th tchkhng kh o cng iu kin. Bit rng trong khng kh oxi chim 20% thtch, cn li l nit.

a) Tnh thnh phn %theo th tch ca hai kh trong hn hp .

b) Sau khi chy, nu lm lnh sn phm chy n 0c v p sut 1 aim th hnhp kh ihu c c nhng kh g ? Tnh thnh phn % theo th tch ca cckh trong hn hp .

5. Mt bnh kn c ung dch 10 lt cha 0 2 27,3c v 0,616 atm. Bm thm

vo bnh m gam kh metan v a bnh v 0 c th p sut trong bnh l

46



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47/211

0,784 atm. Bt tia la in chy hon ton hn hp kh tron2, bnh sau

a bnh v 0c th p sut trong bnh l P2 -

a) Tnh m.

b) Tnh P2

6 . Mt bnh kn dung dch 20 lt cha 0 7 0c v 0,56 atm. Bm thm vo bnhm gam hn hp hai ankan th kh k tip nhau trong dy ng ng o c

p su l p 25 c. Bt tia a in phn ng xy ra hon ton. Sau a

bnh v 136,5c, p sut trong bnh l p2 - Dn hn hp sau khi chy vo bnh

ng nc vi trong ly d th khi lng bnh nc vi tng thm 14,72 g vc 2 2 g kt ta to thnh.

a) Tnh m v p2.

b)T n ]ip.c) Lp cng thc phn t ca hai ankan.

7. Vit cc phng trnh ho hc thc hin dy bin ho sau :

8 . Nung nng hn hp A12 0 3 v than trong in thu c hn hp cht rn A

v kh X. Ho tan ht A trong dung dch HC1 thu c hn hp kh B. tchy ht 1 th tch kh B cn dng 1 th-tch'kh oxi o cng iu kin.

a) Vit phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng.

b) Tnh t l khi lng cc cht trong hn hp A v B.

Bit rng cc phn ng xy ra hon ton.

9. i chy hon ton 0,02 mol mt hirocacbon A cn 20,16 lt khng kh(ktc).

a) Lp CTPT ca A. Bit rng trong khng kh xi chim 20% th tch.

b) Cho bit c im cu to phn t ca A, bit rng A khng lm mt mudung dch brom v c mch khng phn nhnh.

47



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48/211

a) Lp CTPT ca B.*

b) Vit CTCT ca B bit rng iu kin thch hp B tham gia phn ng cng' , vi dung dch brom to thnh hp cht D duy nht mch h, c cu to i xng.

11. t chy hon ton 4,3 g mt hirocacbon A thu c hn hp sn phm

trong khi lng C0 2nhiu hn khi lng nc 6,9 g.

a) Lp cng thc phn t ca A.

b) Tnh th tch kh oxi tham gia phn ng chy (ktc).

il - BI t P TRC tGHIM ; - V

1. t chy mt lng hirocacbon X thu c 5,4g H20 v 8 , 8 g C02. X thucdy ng ng no sau y ?

A. Ankan , B. Anken

c. Ankin D. Aren

/21 Trong phn t CH4, nguyn t c trng thi lai ho

A. sp. B. sp .

c Ch c CH3COOONa, KOH, CaO

D. A hoc B hoc c u c

5. T khi ca hn hp kh CjHg v C4H 10 i vi hiro l 25,5. Thnh phn %th tch ca hai kh trong hn hp ln lt l

D. sp3d.

3. T isopentan c th to ra bao nhiu sn phm th monoclo ?

A. 1

c. 3

B. 2

D. 4

4. iu ch metan, c th s dng dy cc ha cht no sau y ?

A. Ch c CH3 COOONa, NaOH, CaOB. Ch c CH2 (COOONa)2, NaOH, CaO /

48



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49/211

A. 50% v 50%. B. 25% v 75%.

c. 45% v 55%. D. 20% v 80%.

6 . Cn ly meta'n v hiro theo t no v th tch khi t chy hon ton

mt th tch hn hp cn mt th tch oxi (cc kh c o cng iukin) ?

A. 1/2 ' B. 2/1

c. 1/3 D. 1/1

7. Ankan X cha 83,33% c y khi lng. Khi cho X tc dng vi clo to thnhbn dn xut monocio. Tn gi ca X l

A. pentan. B. 2-metylbutan.

c. isobutan. D. 2,2-imetylpropan.

8 . Cht no sau y ] ng ng ca me tan ?

A. C2 H4 B. C3H6

(C. c3 h8 d . c 4 h 8

9. t chy hon ton hirocacbon X vi lng va oxi. Dn hn hp sn

phm chy qua H2 S04m c th th tch hn hp sn phm gim hn mt

na. X thuc dy ng ng

A. ankan. B. aren.

c. ankin. D. ankaien.

10. S ng phn ca gc butyl l

A. ]. B. 2.

C 3 . . 4.

11. Hp cht X c cng thc cu to (CH3)2 CH[CH2 ]2CH3. Tn gi ca X l

A. neoperitan. B. 2 -metylpentan.

c . 2-metylhexan. D. 1,1-imetyIbutan.12. S lng sn phm th monoco ca 2 ,3 -imetylbutan l

A. 2. B. 4.

c. 6. D. 1.

13. Trn 50 g natri axetat vi mt lng d vi ti xt ri nung nng. Bit hiu

sut phn ng t 95%. Th tch metan sinh ra (ktc) )

49

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50/211

A* 13,658 lt. B. 14,377 lt.

c. 12,975 lt. D, 12,951 lt.

4. Th tch kh clo cidng tc dng hon ton vi-hn hp kh gm 2 lt

CH4v 1 lt C3Hg (ce kh c o cng iu kin)

'. 2 lt. B. 4 lt.

C. 8 lt. D. 6 lt.

15. Cho 4,48 lt hn hp kh gm metan v etilen i qua dung ch brom d, thydn ch nht mu v cn ,12 lt kh thot ra (cc kh o ktc). Thhhphn % th tch ca metan trong hn hp l

A. 25,0%. B. 50,0%.

c. 60,0%. D. 37,5%.

16. t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon X, sau dn ton b sn phm chyvo bnh ng duns dch Ca(OH) 2d, thy khi lng bnh tng 20,4 g v c

30 g kt ta. Cng thc phn t ca X

a . c 2h 6. B.C3H8.

c. c 3h 6. d . c 4h 8.

,17. t chy mt hn hp cc ankan thu c

A- nC02 - nH20 ' B- nC02 - nH20-

c nC0 2 > nH2 Q. D. nC0 2 < nH2 0 .

18. T isopentan c th to cbao nhiu gc hiroccbon ho tr I ?

A. 4 B. 3

C .2 D. 1

19. S lng sn phm th iclo ca propan l

A.4 . B. 3.

c. 2. D. 1. /20. thu c hp cht 2,3-imetylbutan bng phng php ni mch cacbon

cn dng cht no sau y ?

A. Propy clorua B. Isopropyl clorua

c. Ety clorua . Isobutvl cloraa

50 >

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51/211

21. Trn 2 th tch bng nhau ca C3Hg v 2 c hn hp X. t chy honton ha hp X thu c hn hp Y. Lm nh Y ngng t hoi nc ri

a v diu kin ban u. T l Vy/Vx l

A.3/5. B.7/10.

c 7/5. D. 3/10.

22. Khi t chy hon ton 3,6 g mt ankan X thu c 5,6 lt khi C 0 2 (ktc).Cng thc phh t ca X l

A. c 3% B.C 2H6.

C .C 5 H i2. D .C 4H 10.

23. Hirocacbon Y c t khi hi so vi nit bng 2. CTPT ca Y

A. C2H4. B. C4H8.

c . Q K 6. d .c 3 h 8.

24. t chy hon ton hn hp gm hai hirocacbon th kh c s mo bng

nhau thu c 9 g H20 v 13,2 g C 02. CTPT ca hai hrocacbon l

A. C3H6v C4H8. B. CH4 vC 3 H8.

c. CH4v C2H6, D. C2H6v C3 H8.25. Mt cht X c cng thc n gin nht l C2H5 . Ci'PT ca X l

A. C410. B.C.CH15. D,C4Hj .

26. meyxiclopropan c bao nhiu ng phn ?

A.. 1 B. 2

c. 3 D.4

27. Khi cho isopentan c ng vi brom theo t l mol 1 : 1 thu c sn phmchnh c tn l

A. 2-brompentan. B.'2-brom-2-mety]pentan.

c . 2-brom-2-metylbutan. D. 2-mety-2-brombutan.

28. Hp cht no sau y c th cng hp H7to thnh isopentan ?

A. CH2=CH~CH=C(CH3 ) 2 b. CH2=CHC(CH3 )=CH2

c. CH2=C=C(CH3)2 D. C B v c .

51



B

I

D

N

GT

O

N

-

L

-

H

A

C

P

2

3

1

0

0

0

B

T

R

N

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N

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X2,as >(CH3)2CHX

(B)

tng hiu sut cua phn ng iu ch (B) t (A) nn dng x2 l

A. F2.

c. Br2.

B. Cl2.

D. I2.

30. Cht X c CTC r (CH3)2CH - CHC^Hs) - CH2- CH2 - CH3.

Tn gi ca X theo danh php UPAC

A. 3-isoppropylhexan.

B. 2-metyl-3 -propypentan.

c .3-etyl-2-metyIpentan.D. 3-etyl-2-metylhexan.

31. Cht no sau y c nhit si thp nht ?

A. Pentan B. sopentan

c Neopentan D. Xiclopentan

32. Hirocacbon A c th kh iu kin thng, nng hn khng kh v khnglm mt mu nc brom, khi phn ng vi clo (nh sng) ch cho ,mt sn

" ph m th monclo. Tn gi ca A l

A. propen. B. etan.

G isobutan. .D. neopentan.

33. Cho 24 g nhm cacbua tc dng vi nc d. Th tch kh CH4sinh ra (ktc) l

34. Mt dn xut monoco ca ankan X c cha 55,04% C1 v khi lng. CTPT

A. 11,2 lt.

c. 22,4 lt.

B. 15 lt.

D. 4,48 lt.

ca X l

A.CH4.

c CsHg.

B. C2H6.

D. C4Hi0./'

35. Pht biu no sau y ng ?

A. Xicloankan ch c kh nng tham gia phn ng cng m vng.

B. Xicloankan ch c kh nng tham gia phn ng th.

52



B

I

D

N

GT

O

N

-

L

-

H

A

C

P

2

3

1

0

0

0

B

T

R

N

H

N

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c M xicloankan u c kh nng tham gia phn ng th v phn ng cnm vng.

D. Mt s xicloankan c kh nng tham gia phn ng cng m vng.

36. Crckinh C4H ]0 c th thu sn phm gm ti a l bao nhiu ch hu c ?A. 2 B. 3

c. 4 D .5

37. Cho 29,2 g nhm cacbua tc dng vi nc d. Bit hiu sut phn ng l

95%. Th tch kh sinh ra (ktc) l

A. 13,627 lit. B. 12,946 lt.

c. 14,344 t D. 4,315 lt.

38. t chy hon ton hn hp X gm hirocacbon Y v kh oxi d thu chn hp kh v hi. Lmlnh hn hp ny, th tch gim 50%. Nu cho hnhp cn i qua dung dchKOH, th tch gim 83,3%- CTPT ca Y l

A . c * . B.C5 H8.

c. C5H2. D. c 5h 6.

39. 1 ,2 t (ktc) hn hp hai ankan ng ng k tip c khi lng 24,8 g.

CTPT ca hai ankan l

A. C3Hg v C4 H 0. B. CH4v CH.

C . Q H6 vC 3 H8. . D .C4H]0 vC 5Hi2.

40. Crckinh 5,8 g C4 H 0 thu c hn hp kh X. t chy hon ton X thu

m gam nc. Gi tr ca m

A .9 . B. 18-

c. 36. D. 10.

41. S lng sn phm th iclo ca 2-metylpropan l

A . 1. B- 2.

c. 3. D. 4.

42. Cn trn CH4v 0 2 theo t l th tch bo nhiu thu c hn hp n ?

A. 1 : 1 B. 1 :2

c. 2 : 1 D. 1 :3

53



B

I

D

N

GT

O

N

-

L

-

H

A

C

P

2

3

1

0

0

0

B

T

R

N

H

N

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43. Hn hp kh X gm metan v etan c t khi so yi khng kh bng 0,6. Thtch oxi (ktc) cn t chy hon on 3 lt hn hp l

44. t chy hon ton i lt ankan X sinh ra 5 lt kh CO-J. Khi cho X phn ng' vi clo to ra 3 dn xut monoco. Tn gi ca X

45. Mt hn hp X gm hai hrocacbon mch h. Cho 1680 ml X i chm quanc brom d. Sau khi phn ng hon ton cn 1120 ml kh v khi lng

brom tham gia phn ng l 4 g. t chy hon ton 1680 ml X ri cho snphm chy vo nc vi trong d thu c 12,5 g kt ta. CTPT ca hai

hirocacbon l

A. 5A lt.

c. 6,45 lt.

B. 1,05 lt.

D. 5,45 lt.

A. neopentan.

c isopentan.

B. pentan.

D. butan.

A. C4Hg v B. C2 H6v CH4.

c. C4H 10 v CH4. D. C3 H6v cH4.

54



B

I

D

N

GT

O

N

-

L

-

H

A

C

P

2

3

1

0

0

0

B

T

R

N

H

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55/211

CHNG 6 : H1R0CACB0N KHNG HO

I - B TP T LUN

1 . Mt hn hp X gm 2 hirocacbon A, B c cng s nguyn l cacbon v hn

km nhau mt lin kt J. ot chy hon on 8,96 lt hn hp X cn 38,08 lt oxi.

Dn ton b sn phm chy qua bnh ng P205 th khi lng bnh tng 18 g.

a) Xc


56/211

4. Hn hp A gm ba ankin c tng s moi l 0,05 mol. S nguyn t cacbo* ong mi cht u ln hn 2. t chy hon ton 0,05 mol hn hp A

c 0,13 mol nc.'Cho 0,05 mo hn hp A tc dng va vi 250 m

dung ch AgN3 0,12M trong NH3, sau phn ng thu c 4,55 g kt t

Xc nh cng thc cu to ca ba ankin ong A. Cho bit ankin c phn tkhi nh nht chim 40% s mol ca hn hp A.

5. Hn hp A gm K2 v mt hirocacbon X mch h. t chy hon ton 6

hn hp A thu c 17,6 g kh C02. Mt khc, cho 6 g hn hp A qua dundch brom d thy c 32 g brom tham gia pMn ng.

Hn hp B gm H2 v mt hirocacbon Y mch h T khi hi ca B so v

H2 bng 3. un nng B (c xc tc) phn ng xy ra hon ton thu

hn hp c c t khi so vi H2bng 4,5.

a) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X v Y. Tnh thnh phn phn trm heth tch moi kh trong A v B. Bit rng iu kin thng, X, Y u lnhng cht kh v thuc cc dy ng ng hc.

b) Trn 6 g A vi 7,2 g B c hn hp kh D. Cho D li chm qua dung dc

AgNOij/NHj

bÀi tẬp nÂng cao hÓa hỌc 11 - nguyỄn xuÂn trƯỜng

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