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Mc lc

Li ni u 2

Chng I: Gii thiu tng quan v mng MAN ca TP H Ch Minh1. Mng MAN l g?

2. Mc tiu thit lp mng MAN3. ng dng ca MAN

4. S kt ni mng5. u im ca MAN6. Cc cng on xy dng mng MAN

Chng II: Cng ngh s dng trn MAN1. Cng ngh Ethernet

2. Metro IP :3. Cng ngh chuyn mch nhn a giao thc MPLS

a. Gii thiu v chuyn mch nhn a giao thc MPLSb. im vt tri ca MPLS so vi m hnh IP over ATMc. Cc hnh thc hot ng ca MPLSd. Nhn ( label ) trong MPLSe. Cu trc nt ca MPLSf. K thut MPLS da vo cc thnh phng. Hot ng ca MPLS

Chng III: Giao thc nh tuyn1. Cc giao thc

a. OSPFb. BGP

2. Kho st Cisco 76093. Cisco Router 7609

3.1 c im h thng phn cng3.2 Gii hn khong cch kt ni

Chng IV: Cc dch v ng dng da trn MAN v ng dng MPLS trong h tngmng quc gia

1. MPLS VPN2. MPLS TE (MPLS Traffic Engineering)3. Dch v EWS (Ethernet Wire Service)4. Dch v ERS (Ethernet Relay Service)5. Dch v EMS (Ethernet Multipoint Service)6. Dch v ERMS (Ethernet Relay Multipoint Service)7. Dch v L3 VPN 33

Kt Lun

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Li ni u

Trong s pht trin ngy mt rng ca ngnh cng ngh thng tin v s bng n dch v aphng tin truyn thng, do s pht trin cc cng ngh mi ngy cng cn thit png nhu cu trong qu trnh i mi.

Vic pht trin cc mng thng minh, mng th h sau v ang c p dng ti Vit

Nam v t c nhng thnh cng nht nh, trong ,cng ngh MPLS (Multi ProtocolLabel Switching) c pht trin bi cc nh khai thc mi khng yu cu c sn c s h

tng hay ch cn nng cp, m rng trn cu trc mng sn c. Ngy nay, MPLS (chuyn mchnhn a giao thc) l k thut c cng nhn cho mng hi t Vit Nam sau khi c s nhgi k cng cc mng ATM, RPR v cc mng khc. MPLS c mt bc pht trin rt dibi cng ng MSF v IETF. MPLS ang dn u v cc mc linh hot, tnh m bo v anton m ngy nay cha c mt cng ngh no khc c th tha mn c.

Hin nay hu ht cc mng din rng ti Vit Nam u c t chc vi kt ni s dng

dch v thu ng truyn ring ( Leased Line ),Frame Relay hoc X.25 thng qua cc nh

cung cp dch v vin thng. Hu ht cc h thng mng ny u hot ng theo cch thcnh tuyn IP truyn thng vi khng t nhc im, p ng rt chm khi c yu cu x llung lu lng ln trn mng. Ngay c khi p dng mt s k thut mi nh fast-table lookuphoc policy-based routing th vic x l ti cc router vn thng b qu ti. Hu qu l c thmt lu lng, mt kt ni, thm ch gim c tnh ca mng. Ngoi ra cn phi k n cc chiph khng nh dnh cho vic thu dch v vin thng kt ni mng.

Cng ngh MPLS v dch v MPLS VPN (mng ring o MPLS) c xem l gii phpcho vn ny. im ni bt ca cng ngh ny l chuyn tip lu lng nhanh, kh nng linhhot, n gin v iu khin phn lung. MPLS cn c kh nng phc v linh hot cc dch v

nh tuyn, tn dng c ng truyn gip gim chi ph.

MPLS cho php cc nh cung cp dch v tch bit vic kim sot lu thng mng da trnyu cu ca ng dng. MPLS cn c kh nng cho php ng dng t ng yu cu ti nguynm chng cn s dng trn h tng mng. Tuy nhin, cht lng mng ch da vo mt mnhMPLS v IP th khng , do vy tnh thng minh cng thm (Intelligent Network) l cn thit m bo cht lng, bo mt, k ton v thanh ton cho dch v mi. Vic kim sot tt

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Chng I: Gii thiu tng quan v mngMAN ca TP HCh Minh

1. Mng MAN l g?

Mng th bng rng a dch v, gi tt l mng MAN (Metropolitan AreaNetwork) l mng bng thng rng trn c s tch hp cu trc mng th h mi - NGN(Next Generation Network), c kh nng cung cp mt siu xa l thng tin.

Mng MAN c kh nng to ra cc kt ni tc cao, ln n hng trm Megabit/s(c th m rng ln n 1Gigabit/s) phc v cho cng tc ch o, qun l hnh chnhnh nc, trao i thng tin, cung cp cc dch v hnh chnh cng, chun b cho phttrin thng mi in t...

2. Mc tiu thit lp mng MAN (Metropolitan Area Network):

Nm 2000, chnh ph Vit Nam k hip nh khung e-ASEAN, xy dng chnh phin t Vit Nam, ng dng cng ngh thng tin truyn thng vo c quan chnh ph

lm vic tt hn, cung cp thng tin chnh xc v tt hn n ngi dn, doanh nghip, t chcnhm to iu kin thun li cho ngi dn thc hin quyn lm ch v tham gia qun l NhNc, pht trin kinh t.

to nn tng cho chnh ph in t, chnh ph h tr trin khai c s hng tng mng,ni mng n tn ngi dn vi thit b gi r, ph cp tin hc c th khai thc c ccdch v ca chnh ph in t.

Thnh ph H Ch Minh l mt trong nhng trung tm kinh t, vn ha, chnh tr ln, ngvai tr quan trng trong c nc. y l thnh ph tin phong trong vic ng dng mng bngrng xy dng chnh ph in t. Ngy 9/11/2004, VNTP k hp ng vi Bu in Thnh

ph H Ch Minh v ban qun l cc d n CNTT v vic cung cp mng dng ring (MAN)cho y Ban Nhn Dn Thnh Ph vi tng tr gi 40 t VND. Mng MAN cho php kt ni 90im t trung tm thnh ph n cc khu vc khc.

TP.HCM tin ti quyt nh trin khai mt gii php kt ni mng trc m bo an ninhthng tin, ng b vi vic trin khai xy dng v bo mt cc h thng thng tin phn tn.Gii quyt vn kt ni mng cng sm cng trnh c s lng ph thi gian, gim chi ph

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mua phn mm an ninh mng (phc v kt ni VPN qua Internet), m bo cc nguyn tc cbn v qun tr bo mt thng tin trn mng. H tng mng trc cho thnh ph cn c cu trcm, mang li kh nng qun tr tt, da trn nn cng ngh vin thng hin i, cho php cungcp nhiu dch v (khng ch truyn d liu, m cn cc ng dng trc tuyn khc nh mthanh, hnh nh, dch v ga tr gia tng khc trn mng). l chnh l d n "Mng thbng thng rng a dch v, hay cn gi l mng MAN.

Ngy 30/4/2005 hon thnh giai on 1 ca d n l xy dng c bn h tng mng, giaion 2 s tip tc pht trin kt ni v dch v, thi gian thc hin ca d n l 5 nm (2005 2010).

3. ng dng ca MAN

Thi gian qua, TP.HCM a vo s dng hng lot d n ln nh: Mng thng tintch hp trn Internet (City Web); h thng i thoi doanh nghip - chnh quyn thnhph; ch cng ngh trn mng; cng vin phn mm Quang Trung; tin hc ho qun l

Nh nc - Chnh ph in t; cao c CNTT - vin thng Cc d n ny ang hotng tch cc, gip ch nhiu cho hot ng qun l Nh nc v ngi dn, nhng nuchy trn siu i l MAN th hiu qu chc chn cn cao hn na. Nu v truy cpInternet qua dch v Dial-up nh chy xe trong ng hm, qua dch v ADSL nhchy xe trn ng ln, th lc vo mng MAN, khch hng cm thy nh chy trnsiu i l. Tnh trng nghn mng chc chn s gim n mc thp nht.

Bn cnh , vic t chc hp t xa qua cu truyn hnh, chy trn nn dch v MANs em n mt li ch thit thc hn. Mt i tc na chc chn s e d trc dch vMAN l dch v truyn hnh cp bi dch v MAN s a n cht lng cao, hnh nhp, m thanh tt Dch v MAN ra i em n b mt mi cho ngnh CNTT

nc ta.

4. S kt ni mng:

Cc mng LAN ca cc y ban, S, Ban ngnh, cc t chc X hi ti Tp. HCh Minh c kt ni n cc Switch v kt ni n router li to thnh cc intranet, extranet.Cng ngh c s dng ch yu hin nay l MPLS VPN Multi Protocol Label SwitchingVirtual Private Network (chuyn mch nhn a giao thc ng dng mng ring o).

H tng kt ni s c thc hin bng cng ngh mng ring o trn nn dch v dnnhn a giao thc (MPLS VPN), c gii php tng th qun tr dch v v an ninh thng tin

mng tp trung; t ti trung tm iu hnh mng v ti cc im kt ni mng MAN raInternet. Mng MAN s c bng thng rng, kt ni bng cp quang vi tt c cc h thngthng tin t ti UBND thnh ph, UBND cc qun, huyn, s, ngnh; ng thi kt ni bngcp ng (cng ngh xDSL) vi UBND cc phng, x, n v trc thuc. Vn phng UBNDthnh ph v cc s ngnh ti khu trung tm (12 im) s c kt ni bng cp quang thnhmt mng ring, c 2 cng kt ni vi mng MAN ca Bu in TP.HCM (v mng Internet),lin kt vi 50 im (nm 2006), m rng trn 100 im (nm 2007) hnh thnh mngCPT.

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Trung tm iu hnh mng (t ti S BCVT) s qun l vn hnh v khai thc cc dch vtruyn thng trn mng, m bo kh nng duy tr hot ng v pht trin, m rng kt nimng cho tt c cc phng, x, n v trc thuc s, ngnh, qun, huyn (trng hc, bnhvin...). Ton b cc im kt ni mng hin hu thuc n 112 (s dng cng nghg.sHDSL) s c ha vi mng MAN, thng nht qun l iu hnh chung. Hng mc thu

h tng mng truyn dn (bn ngoi khu vc trung tm) c giao cho Bu in TP.HCMqun l.

Mng th h mi v cc cng ngh truy nhp

Mng MAN c th p ng y cc nhu cu trc mt v lu di ca cc n v qun lhnh chnh nh nc; ng thi m rng c cho cc doanh nghip, trng, vin, c quan, tchc c nhu cu kt ni mng din rng. Mt khc, y li l h thng c xy dng v phttrin va trn c s tn dng thit b mng sn c va trn nn cng ngh hin i. u t xydng mng MAN ca TP.HCM l mt s u t hp l, khng trng lp, mang li hiu quln trong khai thc, s dng.

5.u im ca MAN

Xu hng a dch v vi nhu cu bng thng ln ang thc s tr thnh nhu cu bcxc ti cc th ln nh H Ni v Thnh ph HCM hay cc Khu cng nghi p, cngngh cao. Cng vi s pht trin ca cng ngh truyn dn, mng MAN theo tiu chunIP/MPLS cn chu s nh hng bi vic la chn h tng v cng ngh truyn dn l POS trn nn tng TDM, Metro Ethernet (GbE & 10GbE) trn h tng cp quangko thng hoc da trn cng ngh vng gi co gin RPR (Resillient Packet Ring)

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Dch v mng th bng rng MAN s cung cp cho khch hng nhiu dch v gia

tng, mang li li nhun ng k cho cc nh cung cp dch v. So vi cc mng thkhc mng MAN c nhiu u im vt tri, c th nh sau:

- Cung cp nhiu loi hnh dch v vi vic ti a ha lu lng trn bng thng hinti.

- a dng ho dch v bng vic cung cp c cc dch v hin ti v cc dch v mitrong tng lai.- Tng cng kh nng cung cp dch v trn din rng p ng cc nhu cu tnglai.

6.Cc cng on xy dng mng MAN

Vic xy dng mng MAN phi c xy dng qua hai cng on nh sau:

Xy dng mng truyn ti a dch v vi tng bng thng th ln da trn cngngh chuyn mch gi IP/MPLS vi kin trc linh ng d m rng v tch hp cc dchv mi. Mng MAN th phi l h thng truyn ti chung, p ng yu cu kt nica cc doanh nghip cung cp dch v v nhu cu s dng ca khch hng trn a bn,m bo cung cp cc dch v cng cng truyn thng nh thoi, fax v cc dch v dliu, cc dch v truyn hnh v.v... Cc h thng Gateway s l cu ni gia mng truynthng v Mng MAN (MGW cho thoi, CMTS cho TV cable, BRAS cho ADSL MetroEthernet v.v...)

Trin khai cc dch v gi tr gia tng dch v tch hp c thoi, d liu, hnh nhoff-line v on-line. Cc dch v tch hp thoi, hnh nh v d liu s c pht trin cho

mc ch s dng ni v d nh thoi-video hi ngh, o to trc tuyn... Cc dchv in hnh s l cc dch v mng ring o VPN/MPLS cho doanh nghip hoc game-online...

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Chng II: Cng ngh s dng trn MAN

1. Cng ngh Ethernet:MAN Metropolitan Area Network l mng ng trc bao ph mt khu vc th v

thng c qun l theo qui nh ca chnh quyn a phng hoc chnh ph. ChunMAN tng thch vi cc chun LAN khc ca IEEE(Insitute of Electrical and ElectronicEngineers). MAN c th h tr mt lot cc dch v khc nh l kt ni LAN to LAN,kt ni PBX, kt ni trc tip cc my trm hay kt ni my tnh ln. Ni cch khc, MANl mt mng tch hp m thanh v d liu, cc khi d liu yu cu ng thi gian nh mthanh v video thi gian thc c u tin m bo chuyn giao ng thi hn.

Cc mng c trin khai bi cc nh cung cp dch v trong mng MAN thng datrn vng SONET/SDH. Cc vng SONET gm mt cu hnh vng i, song hng mtrong mt vng c dng cho back up, vng ny khng c dng trong lc hot ngbnh thng, n l mt tin ch trong trng hp c li xy ra trn vng chnh.

Tuy nhin, mng MAN dng SONET khng h tr lu lng d liu ln, i hi bngthng c nh v tng chi ph khi nng cp. Trong khi , GE Gigabyte Ethernet khng yucu bng thng c nh, c th cung cp cc nhu cu nng cp v sau cng nh hiu qutrong vic truyn gi trong MAN.

Ethernet c mt lch s pht trin y mu sc. Ban u n c to ra ti vin nghincu Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), ngi pht trin l Bob Metcalfe vo nm1972. Trong nm 1979, Digital Equipment Corp, Intel v Xerox a ra chun khung gi

tin (frame) DIX V1.0; hai nm sau h nng cp ln phin bn Version 2.0. Vo nm 1981 tchc k s Insitute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) c mt d n mang tn 802v quyt nh la trn d n con l 802.3 ng ngha vi Ethernet hin nay. Ethernet c25 nm xy dng pht trin v trong tng lai n vn s lin tc c ci tin v a ra ccchun tc cao hn, v cc chun mi da trn cc nn tng c sn.

Tn gi cc chun ca IEEE cng c chun ho nh: 10Base-T, 10 c ngha l tc truyn d liu l 10 Mbps, T c ngha l s dng cp xon (Twisted-pair), trong khi ch F lchun cho cng ngh truyn s dng Cp Quang (fiber). Cc phin bn trc s dng cpng trc nh 10Base-5 v 10Base-2 vi tn gi khng c chun ho.

Ethernet lm vic ti lp th hai trong m hnh OSI (OSI Layers 2) tc tng data link.Trong tng data link c chia lm hai tng khc l MAC Layer v Logical Link Control

(LLC) Layer. Lp LLC 802.2 l mt chun gia lp a ch MAC v cc giao thc thuctng 3 trong m hnh OSI.

Thng tin ti tng MAC c hiu nh cc frame chng c ng gi vi a chngun v ch (a ch ny l a ch MAC - a ch ca phn cng). a ch MAC bao gm

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48 bits trong 3 bytes u c gn bi IEEE v 3 bytes sau l c gn bi nh sn xutphn cng.

c im ca Ethernet:_ m bo qu trnh truyn tin mt cch tin cy_ ng b d liu truyn_ Nhn ra li trong qu trnh truyn_ iu khin truynKhi nghin cu v Ethernet s tht thiu st nu ch bit cc chun ho ca n, mt vn

v cng quan trng l phng thc truyn gi tin ca Ethernet:

Ethernet CSMA/CD

Cng ngh Ethernet c miu t mt cch n gin: Carrier-sense multiple access /collision detect (CSMA/CD).

Ethernet truyn cc gi tin c hiu vi cc tin trnh:

Carrier sense - iu ny c hiu nh nghe trc khi ni. Mt my chun b truynmt frame i trc tin n nghe xem i tng nhn hin thi ang di v c th p ngqu trnh truyn tin.

Talk if quiet - c hiu nh ch ni khi ang im lng, nu h thng li n s lp li lnsau cho n bao gi n kim tra thy h thng di n bt u truyn tin

Collision - Mt sung t xy ra c ngha l s vt qu in p trn cable truyn. Mt

xung t xy ra bi hai i tng cng truyn tin trong mt thi im nu xy ra vn nyc hai frames s phi truyn li.

Collision detection - Nu mt i tng pht hin ra xung t trong qu trnh truyn ns dng li i n khi h thng khng cn xung t n mi truyn gi tin.

Backoff Sau mt xung t, mt i tng s i sau mt khong thi gian nht nhc gi l backoff, sau thi gian backoff ny h thng s kin tra li v vi thi gian

backoff c ly ngu nhin da trn thut tons backoff. N trng li ton b cc i tngyu cu truyn tin trong lc ang xy ra xung t.

Half v Full-Duplex Ethernet

Ethernet c pht trin trn cc cng ngh cp xon t trc, v n ch cho mt tn hiuduy nht truyn trong mt n v thi gian. V l l do v sao Ethernet cn cng nghtruyn CSMA/CD. Vi nhng switch cao cp, cng ngh truyn Ethernet c s dng cpUTP v fiber, Full-duplex Ethernet c h tr y . Full-duplex Ethernet cho php cc

i tng va truyn va nhn trong cng mt n v thi gian. Full-duplex khng dngcng ngh CSMA/CD. Full-duplex ch s dng khi c i tng (my tnh) v switchs uh tr full-duplex, cc hub bnh thng s khng th thc hin full-duplex c.

2. Metro IP :Gii php ny s dng cc Router kt ni cp quang vi cng ngh mi RPR h tr

IP hoc thm ch MPLS p ng tt c cc dch v khc nhau. RPR l cng ngh ch ocho Mng th th h mi ang c cc hng Vin thng ln tp trung pht trin (50

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b. im vt tri ca MPLS so vi m hnh IP over ATM:

Khi hp nht vi chuyn mch ATM, chuyn mch nhn tn dng nhng thun li cacc t bo ATM chiu di thch hp v chuyn vi tc cao. Trong mng a dch vchuyn mch nhn cho php chuyn mch BPX/MGX nhm cung cp dch v ATM, Frame,Replay v IP Internet trn mt mt phng n trong mt ng i tc cao. Cc mt phng

(Platform) cng cng h tr cc dch v ny tit kim chi ph v n gin ha hot ngcho cc nh cung cp a dch v. Chuyn mch nhn trnh nhng rc ri gy ra do c nhiurouter ngang hng v h tr cu trc phn cp (hierarchical structure) trong mt mng caISP.

S tch hp:

MPLS xc nhp tnh nng ca IP v ATM ch khng xp chng lp IP trn ATM. MPLSgip cho c s h tng ATM thy c nh tuyn IP v loi b cc yu cu nh x gia ccc tnh IP v ATM. MPLS khng cn a ch ATM v k thut nh tuyn (nh PNNI).

tin cy cao hn:

Vi c s h tng ATM, MPLS c th kt hp hiu qu vi nhiu giao thc nh tuynIP over ATM thit lp mt mng li (mesh) dch v cng cng gi cc router xung quanhmt m my ATM. Tuy nhin c nhiu vn xy ra do cc PVC link gia cc router xpchng trn mng ATM. Cu trc mng ATM khng th thy b nh tuyn, mt link ATM bhng lm hng nhiu router-to-router link, gy kh khn cho lng cp nht thng tin nhtuyn v nhiu tin trnh x l ko theo.

Trc tip thc thi cc loi dch v:

MPLS s dng hng i v b m ca ATM cung cp nhiu loi dch v khc nhau.N h tr quyn u tin IP v loi dch vu (class of service - cos) trn chuyn mch ATM mkhng cn chuyn i phc tp sang cc lp ATM Forum Service.

H tr hiu qu cho Multicast v RSVP:Khc vi MPLS, xp lp IP trn ATM ny sinh nhiu bt li, c bit trong vic h tr

cc dch v IP nh IP multicast v RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol - RSVP). MPLSh tr cc dch v ny, k tha thi gian v cng vic theo cc chun v khuyn khch tonn nh x xp x ca cc c trng IP & ATM.

S o lng v qun l VPN:

MPLS c th tnh c cc dch v IP VPN v rt d qun l cc dch v VPN quantrng cung cp cc mng IP ring trong c s h tng ca n. Khi mt ISP cung cp dchv VPN h tr nhiu VPN ring trn mt c s h tng n. Vi mt ng trc MPLS,thng tin VPN ch c x l ti mt im ra vo. Cc gi mang nhn MPLS i qua mt

ng trc v n im ra ng ca n. Kt hp MPLS vi MP-BGP(Multiprotocol BroderGateway Protocol) tp ra cc dchv VPN da trn nn MPLS (MPLS-base VPN) d qun lhn vi s iu hnh chuyn tip qun l pha VPN v cc thnh vin VPN, dch vMPLS-base VPN cn c th m rng h tr hng trm nghn VPN.

Gim ti trn mng li:

Cc dch v VPN hng dn cch MPLS h tr mi thng tin nh tuyn phn cp.Hn na, c th tch ri cc nh tuyn Internet khi li mng cung cp dch v. Ging nh

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d liu VPN, MPLS ch cho php truy sut bng nh tuyn Internet ti im ra vo camng. Vi MPLS, k thut lu lng truyn bin ca AS dc gn nhn lin kt viim tng ng. S tch ri ca nh tuyn ni khi nh tuyn Internet y cng giphn ch li, n nh v tng tnh bo mt.

Kh nng iu khin lu lng:

MPLS cung cp cc kh nng iu khin lu lng s dng hiu qu ti nguynmng. K thut lu lng gip chuyn ti t cc phn qu ti sang cc phn cn ri camng da vo im ch, loi lu lng, ti, thi gian,

c. Cc hnh thc hot ng ca MPLS:

Mng MPLS dng cc nhn chuyn tip cc gi. Khi mt gi i vo mng, NodeMPLS li vo nh du mt gi n lp chuyn tip tng ng (FEC ForwardingEquivalence Class) c th.

Trong mng MPLS nhn iu khin mi hot ng chuyn tip. iu ny c nhiu thunli hn s chuyn tip thng thng:

- S chuyn tip MPLS c th thc hin bng cc b chuyn mch (switch), c thtra cu (lookup) thay th nhn m khng nh hng n header lp mng. Cc bchuyn ATM thc hin cc chc nng chuyn cc t bo da trn gi tr nhn. ATM-switch cn c iu khin bi mt thnh phn iu khin MPLS da vo IP (IP-baseMPLS control element) nh b iu khin chuyn mch nhn (LSC- Label SwitchController). y l dng c bn ca s kt hp IP vi ATM.

- Khi mt gi vo mng n c chuyn n lp chuyn tip tng ng (FEC-Forwarding Equivalence Class). Router c th s dng thng tin gi, nh cng vo(ingress) hay giao tip (interface). Cc gi i vo mng dc gn cc nhn khc nhau.Quyt nh chuyn tip c thc hin d dng bi router g vo.iu ny khng ctrong s chuyn tip thng thng, v s xc nh l trnh ca router khc vi thng tinl trnh trn gi.

- Mng c qun l lu lng buc gi i theo mt con ng c th, mt conng cha c s dng. Con ng c chn trc hoc ngay khi gi i vomng tt hn s la chn bi cc thut ton nh tuyn thng thng. Trong MPLS,mt nhn c th c dng i din cho tuyn, khng cn km trong gi. y ldng c bn ca MPLS Traffic Engineering.

- Lp dch v (Class of service) ca gi c xc nh bi nt MPLS vo (ingress

MPLS node). Mt nt MPLS vo c th hy tuyn hay sa i lch trnh iu khincc gi khc nhau. Cc trm sau c th nh li rng buc dch v bng cch thit lpPBH (per-hop behavior). MPLS cho php (khng yu cu) u tin mt phn hochon ton ca lp dch v t nhn. Trng hp ny nhn i din cho s kt hp camt FEC vi u tin hoc lp dch v. y l dng c bn ca MPLS QoS.

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tin cng ra tng ng. Cui cng, router ng ra (egress router) sp xp li cc t bothnh mt gi.

Trong :

GFC (Generic Flow Control): iu khin lung chungVPI (Virtual Path Identifier): nhn dng ng o

VCI (Virtual Channel Identufier): nhn dng knh o

PT (Payload Type): ch th kiu trng tin

CLP (Cell Loss Priority): chc nng ch th u tin hy b t bo

HEC (Header erroe check): kim tra li tiu .

e.Cu trc nt ca MPLS:

Mt nt ca MPLS c hai mt phng: mt phng chuyn tip MPLS v mt phng iu

khin MPLS. Nt MPLS c th thc hin nh tuyn lp ba hoc chuyn mch lp hai. Kintrc c bn ca mt nt MPLS nh sau:

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f.K thut MPLS da vo cc thnh phn :

FEC Forwarding Equivalence Class tp hp cc gi lp mng c chuyn itrn cng mt con ng v theo cng mt cch. Vi MPLS, cc gi ny c th dngcng mt nhn.

LSR Label Switching Router l mt nt mng, nh mt IP router, c trang bphn mm v phn cng MPLS c th nhn giao thc iu khin MPLS, s vn hnhca mt hay nhiu giao thc nh tuyn lp 3, thay i v chuyn nhn MPLS chnh xc.

LER - Label Edge Router - l cc LSR bin mng MPLS trong MPLS domain,gm c LER vo (Ingress LER) v LER ra (Egress LER).

LSP Label Switched Path mt con ng bt u t ingress LSR, chy quakhng hay nhiu transit LSR, v kt thc mt egress LSR. Tt c cc gi cha cng gitr nhn cng i qua mt con ng. Cc nt chy cng mt b giao thc lin kt vinhau gi l MPLS domain, c qun l v iu khin bi mt s qun tr mng.

Forwarding Equivalence Class (FEC)

Bn trong mi nt MPLS, tp hp ch n no c th t vo mt tp hp con clp gi l FEC. Sau khi nt MPLS phn loi gi n vp mt FEC, n s sp xp mi FECvo chng k gi c chuyn i chnh xc.

im quan trng l header ca lp mng ch c phn tch mt ln l khi gi thm nhpmt MPLS domain, rt khc vi nh tuyn IP yu cu phi phn tch header mi chng,tng s s dng bng thng v cho php trin khai nhiu ng dng mi.

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Trc khi hot ng chuyn MPLS xy ra, mi ingress LSR phi xy dng bng FECca ring n da trn:

a ch LAN (i ch MAC IEEE)ATM VCIFRVCI (DLCI)

a ch IP hay a ch lp 3 khc nh IPXS portCoS (lp dch v)

Hnh di y cho thy mt nt MPLS hot ng nh mt ingress LSR chn chng kcho mi gi n bng cch xc nh thnh vin FEC.

Hot ng ca mt nt MPLS

Nhn MPLS c s dng trong qu trnh chuyn gi sau khi mt ng i c thitlp. Nhn c gi tr gia hai LSR k nhau, di bt c nh, i din cho FEC ca gi,nhng khng phi l s m ha a ch ch n ca lp mng.

a. MPLS header

MPLS header c chn vo gia header ca lp 2 v lp 3. qu trnh chn ny c gil ng gi. Giao thc ng gi mang mt hay nhiu giao thc lp cao hn mt cch trongsut bn trong payload thng tin d liu.

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Gi n

Giao din vo

Qu trnhnh v gi

n

Tp hpgi n

FEC #1

FEC #2

. . .

FEC #n

Qu trnhsp xp gi

ra

Giao din ra

Gi ra

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Chn nhn gia header lp 2 v lp 3

Mt im mnh ca MPLS l label stack (chng nhn), l mt chui MPLS header, chophp to LSP phn cp s dng bi nhung dch v bao gm qun l mng, VPN, TE

MPLS label stack

Cu trc MPLS header:

MPLS header

Label 20 bit, l nhn thc t, dng push, pop, swap.Exp 3 bit, dng xc dnh lp dch v (CoS) ( u tin IP)S (stack)- 1 bit, cho php nhiu nhn c chn vo. Nu bit ny bng 1, y l nhn

cui cng trong gi.TTL (Time to live) 8 bit, xc h s hop gi c th qua trc khi m ti zero, nu

khng n s b loi b hoc kch hot s sinh ra mt bn tin ICMp, ty theo cu hnh LSR.C ba hot ng lin quan n nhn:

PUSH: t nhn MPLS ln gi lp 3. thc hin ingress node. Khi nhiu nhn c tvo gi, entry ca label stack lun c thc hin theo stack LIFO (Last In First Out).SWAP: chuyn i nhn. Thc hin transit node. Label n c s dng nh ch mc

n nhn ra mi.POP: xa MPLS label. Thc hin egress node.

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Headerlp 2

Hdr

MPLS#3(S=0)

Hdr

MPLS#3(S=0)

Hdr

MPLS#3(S=0)

Headerlp 3 Data

Push sau cng,pop u tin

Push th hai,Pop th hai

Push u tin,Pop sau sng

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V d chuyn gi MPLS

b. n nh nhn

Mi label c gi tr 0 n 1048574, vi 0 n 15 c gi trc. Cn li c n nh

cho thit b hay giao din.- Per-Platform LABEL space: c mt b nhn cho ton b LSR. Tt c giao din chia slng nhn ny.- Per-Interface Label Space: mi giao din s dng mt lng nhn ca ring n v bt knhn trn giao din khc phi c phn b v n nh c lp. Loi cu hnh ny ch sdng trong ATM-LSP yu cu s c lp.

c. Cch gn nhn

Vic n nh v phn b nhn ch yu lin quan n cu hnh, phn b v s s dng tinguyn sn c mt LSR gm:

- n nh nhn: c hai kiu c s dng khi nhn c phn b l:+ iu khin LSP c lp: mi LSR to quyt nh ca ring n gn nhn n FEC vphn phi s n nh mi ny.

+ iu khin LSP b sp t: s gn nhn ch lin kt vi mt FEC ring bit, LSR c phi legress node ca FEC khng hay l LSR va nhn s n nh nhn t hop k ca n ivi FEC .

- Phn b nhn: c hai kiu

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+ Downstream yu cu: dng cho LSR tng chng. Cho phep 1LSR yu cu chnh xc s nnh nhn cho mt FEC t downstream ca n, tc l ln cn trn chng k.

+ Downstream khng theo yu cu: c dng khi mt LSR mun phn b s n nh nhnn ngang cp ca n khi chng khng c yu cu chnh xc. Nhn c phn b theo chiudownstream.

C th dng c hai cch, tuy nhin vi hai node ln cn ch dng mt kiu.

- S duy tr nhn: l bao lu th nhn cn trong ngn xp nhn n v cn hp l. Mtupstream quyt nh l khi no n nhn s n nh label t downstream LSR, khng cn lchng k ca upstream . N c th lu li hay loi b s n nh .

- Trn nhn (swaping): l kh nng mt LSRgn nhiu nhn n vo mt FEC duy nhtnhm swap nhn thnh mt nhn ng ra mi, sau chuyn gi n mt giao din ng racng mt LSP.

Label Switching Router (LSR)

m nhim mt trong ba vai tr: Ingress node, Transit node, Egress node.

M hnh mng MPLS ca nh cung cp

Customer Edge Router: kt ni khch hng vi mng nh cung cp (khng MPLS)

Ingress LSR: phin dch a ch IP ch thnh nhn, thng ch ti PE router. y l

thnh phn u no ca LSR, x l gi n khi chng thm nhp vo MPLS domain- Phn tch header lp Mng v n nh FEC- X l sp xp entry chuyn nhn n hop k theo FEC.- X l bng Entry chuyn gi n hop k da trn nhn ca li vo (Next Hop LabelForwarding Entry NHLFE)

Transit LSR: chuyn mch gi d trn nhn, thng ch ti router nh cung cp hayLSR li. Khi nhn c mt gi MPLS, nhn c swap v gi c gi ti downstreamLSR nhanh chng. y tng cng s nh tuyn End to end ca gi lp Mng quavic chuyn mch n thun.

Engress LSR: xa nhn v chuyn gi n Customer Edge, cng l PE router, ng vaitr quan trng trong giao thc bo hiu v phn phi nhn.

Label Edge Router (LER)

LER l cc router bin trong min MPLS (MPLS domain). Nu gi nhn vo l gi tin IPtruyn thng th LER s gn nhn vo gi tin v chuyn tip vo mng li MPLS. Nu ginhn c nhn th LER s g nhn ra v a gi tin vo mng IP truyn thng.

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Label Switched Path (LSP)

L mt tuyn m gi MPLS t mt FEC s dng i qua nhng LSR trong MPLSdomain. LSP l ng mt chiu bt u t Ingress LSR i qua khng hay nhiu transit LSR

v kt thc ti egress LSR.

- Statis LSP: l LSP c nh, c cu hnh bi ngi qun tr ti mi LSR, khng c bohiu v thng oc to bng cch thit lp gi tr nhn, giao din, path c nh.

- Signaled LSP: giao thc bo hiu c s dng to LSP. Hop by hop signaledLSP c xem nh best- effort path, cn Explicit Route Signaled LSP c th c a vocam kt dch v.

g.Hot ng ca MPLS

C hai ch hot ng ca MPLS: Frame - mode v Cell modeFrame mode: s dng 32 bit label, c chn vo gia header lp 2 v lp 3.Cell mode: s dng cc ATM header nh l cc nhn.

C ch hot ng ca MLSBc 1: nhn gi IP ti bin LSR, thc hin nh tuyn gi tin trong cc router li.Bc 2: kim tra lp 3, gn nhn, chuyn gi IP n LSR li 1.Bc 3: kim tra nhn, chuyn i nhn, chuyn gi n LSR li 3.Bc 4: kim tra nhn, chuyn i nhn, chuyn gi n LSR bin 4.Bc 5: kim tra nhn, xa nhn, chuyn gi n router ngoi tip theo.

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LSP

Static LSP Signaled LSP

Hop-by-hopSignaled LSP

Explicit RouteSignaled LSP

IPch: 192.1.1.3Gi IP 30

Gi IP2830

LSR bin 1 PoP

LSR li 2

LSR li 3

LSR bin 4 PoP

Gi IP172830

IP: 192.1.1.3

LSR li 1

Bc1Bc 2

Bc 3

Bc 4

Bc 5

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Chng III: Giao thc nh tuyn

Thnh phn ct li ca mng l ba router Cisco 7609. Ba router ny c kt ni vinhau theo cu trc vng, s dng cp quang v c t ti ba im cho cn bng ti choton b MAN v s dng giao thc nh tuyn OSPF Open Shortest Path First nhtuyn ng i ca gi tin.

Giao thc BGP Border Gateway Protocol, l giao thc tm ng nng ct trn

Internet. N hot ng da trn vic cp nht mt bng cha cc a ch mng (prefix) chobit mi lin kt gia cc h thng t tr (autonomous system, tp hp cc h thng mngdi cng s iu hnh ca mt nh qun tr mng, thng thng l mt nh cung cp dchv Internet,ISP). BGP l mt giao thc vector ng i (path vector). Khc vi cc giaothc tm ng khc nh RIP (vector di),OSPF (trng thi lin kt), BGP chn ngbng mt tp cc chnh sch v lut. N tch ly thng tin v kh nng t n cc vng lncn t cc gi chuyn vn trn ng truyn.

a s ngi s dng Internet thng khng s dng BGP mt cch trc tip. Ch c ccnh cung cp dch v Internet s dng BGP trao i ng i. BGP l mt trong nhnggiao thc quan trng nht m bo tnh kt ni ca Internet.

Nh ni trn, RPR hot ng t thit b a lp n dch v mng thng minh IP nhMPLS. Khi ng i c xc nh mt ln u tin, cc gi tin sau s c truyn mtcch t ng n ch theo ng vch sn nh k thut chuyn mch nhn MPLS mkhng cn phi to li tuyn mi.

1.Cc giao thc:

a.OSPF:

OSPF l giao thc nh tuyn dng link-state thng c dng trin khai trn h thngmng phc tp. OSPF l giao thc nh tuyn dng classess nn c h tr VLSM vdiscontiguous network. OSPF s dng a ch multicast 224.0.0.5 (all OSPF router) v 24.0.0.6

(DR v DBR routers) gi cc thng ip Hello v Update. OSPF cn h tr chng thcdng plain text v dng MD5

OSPF s dng gii thut Dijkstra xy dng bng nh tuyn. y l gii thut xy dngcc ng i ngn nht SPT (shortest-path tree) i n ch. Thng ip qung co LSAmang thng tin ca router v trng thi cc lng ging ln cn. Da trn thng tin hc c khitrao i cc thng ip LSA, OSPF s xy dng topology ca mng

Hot ng ca OSPF gm 5 bc sau:

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http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giao_th%E1%BB%A9chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nh%C3%A0_cung_c%E1%BA%A5p_d%E1%BB%8Bch_v%E1%BB%A5_Internet&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nh%C3%A0_cung_c%E1%BA%A5p_d%E1%BB%8Bch_v%E1%BB%A5_Internet&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/RIPhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=OSPF&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=OSPF&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giao_th%E1%BB%A9chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nh%C3%A0_cung_c%E1%BA%A5p_d%E1%BB%8Bch_v%E1%BB%A5_Internet&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nh%C3%A0_cung_c%E1%BA%A5p_d%E1%BB%8Bch_v%E1%BB%A5_Internet&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/RIPhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=OSPF&action=edit&redlink=1

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- Thit lp quan h gia cc router router (adjacency).

- Bu chn DR hoc DBR nu cn thit.

- Discovery routes.

- Chn ng i thch hp nht.

- Duy tr thng tin nh tuyn.

b.BGP:

BGP l mt giao thc kh phc tp c dng nhiu trn Internet v trong cc cng ty aquc gia. Mc ch chnh ca BGP l kt ni cc mng rt ln hoc cc Autonomous-System.Cc cng ty ln c th dng BGP nh l mt kt ni gia cc mng cc quc gia khc nhau.C hai dng BGP l IBGP Internal BGP v EBGP External BGP Mc ch ca cc giaothc EBGP l khng ch tm ra mt ng i v mt mng no m cn cho php ngi

qun tr tm ra cc AS ca cc network. Cc giao thc ni nh EIGRP, RIP, OSPF v ISIS stm ra network m ngi qun tr cn.

Khi mng ca mt cng ty kt ni n nhiu ISP hoc cc AS khc v ang dng cc ktni ny. Nhiu cng ty dng cc kt ni khc nhau nhm mc ch d phng. Chi ph c thgim thiu nu tt c cc kt ni u c dng. Trong trng hp ny, PBR c th cn thit trin khai trn tng kt ni. BGP cn c dng khi chnh sch nh tuyn ca nh cungcp dch v v ca cng ty khc nhau. Hoc traffic trong cng ty cn phi c phn bit vitraffic ca ISP. Mng ca hai t chc khng th xut hin nh mt AS. Mt trng hp khcphi dng BGP l khi mng ca ta l mt ISP. Nu l mt ISP, h thng mng ny phi chophp cc traffic khc i qua AS ca mnh. Lc ny n hot ng nh mt transit domain.

Hot ng ca BGPBGP l mt giao thc hng kt ni. Khi thit lp mt quan h neighbor, mt phin lm

vic TCP s c thit lp v duy tr. BGP s gi ra cc thng ip keepalive kim trang truyn v duy tr phin lm vic TCP ny. Cc thng ip keepalive ny ch l nhngheader c gi tr 19-bytes. Sau cc router s gi cc cp nht nh k ch khi c thay i xyra. Sau khi iu chnh bng BGP, qu trnh BGP s truyn n tt c cc lng ging cc thayi.

C 4 kiu thng ip c dng trong BGP:

Thng ip Open: c dng thit lp kt ni vi cc router BGP khc.

Thng ip keepalive: c gi nh k gia cc BGP peers duy tr kt ni v kimtra ng i. Cc thng ip keepalive ny c gi theo c ch khng tin cy. Nu khongthi gian nh k c gn v bng 0, s khng c thng ip keepalive no c gi.

Thng ip cp nht: cha cc ng i v cc a ch ch v cc thuc tnh ca ngi. Cc cp nht bao gm cc router khng cn tn ti. Thng tin cha trong cc cp nht baogm cc thuc tnh v ng dn, bao gm thuc tnh origin, AS_PATH, neighbor.

Thng ip Notification: c dng thng bo cho cc router khc v nhng nguynnhn gy ra kt ni b ngt.

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BGP a giao thc (MP-BGP) chy gia cc router bin nh cung cp trao i thngtin tin t VPN. BGP a giao thc l m rng ca giao thc BGP hin ti. Giao thc ny chophp mang tin t a ch VPN-IPv4 ca khch hng. a ch VPNIPv4 khch hng l mta ch 12 byte, kt hp ca a ch IPv4 v s phn bit tuyn ng (RDroutedistinguisher). 8 byte u l RD; 4 byte tip theo l a ch IPv4.

RD c 64 bit gm trng Type di 2 byte v trng Value di 6 byte. RD c thm votrc a ch IPv4 ca khch hng thay i chng thnh tin t VPN-IPv4 duy nht toncu. Mt RD c lin quan vi ASN (Autonomous System Number), gm s h thng t tr vmt s bt buc, v lin quan ti a ch IP, cha a ch IP v mt s bt buc. iu ny cnthit VPN ny khng trng vi VPN khc. S kt hp ca RD vi a ch IP m bo rnga ch VPNIPv4 mi l duy nht.

BGP a giao thc (MP-BGP)

2.Kho st Cisco 7609:

2.1 Thc hin mc cao

Kt ni WAN, MAN tc quang, phn bit tc dch v, l thnh phn quan trngtrong dch v IP+Quang cui-cui gip trin khai nhanh chng dch v mi. Supervisor/MSFCh tr cu hnh b nh ln n 512 Mbyte DRAM, d dng lu tr ton b bng nh tuynInternet, cho php chuyn mch khng nghn gi tt c cc port ca SFM (Switch FabricModule).

2.2 tin cy cao

sn sng, khc phc li cao, b x l chuyn mch, cp in, lm lnh, ng b c

d phng, nng cp phn mm ngay khi ang hot ng.2.3 Module OSM (Optical Service Module) nng cp

Kh nng cho php phn phi dch v phc tp khng nh hng n s thc hin nh sdng k thut PXF (Parallel Express Forwarding) ca Cisco, l b x l mng song song,pipeline, c th lp trnh c, thc hin dch v mng m khng gy nghn CPU hay cc tinguyn khc khi cc dch v mng phc tp (l dch v tiu th cng sut x l ln v yu cubo mt v QoS, yu cu ti nguyn tp trung cho dch v). Hai b PXF trin khai trn mi

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OSM, dch v IP c th c p dng ln n 32 gi ng thi trn mi line-card bt c lcno, b nh gi cc b trn mi x l OSM m gi hn 200 ms mi port. C th lp trnhc ngha l dch v d dng nng cp v m rng hn so vi da trn phn cng hay ASIC(Application-specific Integrated Circuit) trc y.

2.4 Tp hp lu lng ra mng WANCu hnh vi module FlexWAN cung cp gii php WAN t T1 cho n OC-3c c th

thit k tch hp WAN khc nhau. Traffic Engineering, Traffic Shaping, QoS, Security, Billingc th thc hin c ra mng WAN m khng nh hng n s thc hin.

2.5 Tp hp lu lng gia cc POP

Kt ni tc cao n cc POP khc v backbone. Giao din quang tc cao c th sdng cho kt ni trc tip n li quang. S sn sng giao din quang khong cch xa, tc cao thc t i vi trin khai phn b cc POP v mt a l.

2.6 Kt ni n li quang

Li backbone l mc k ca phn cp trong mng ca SP (Service Provider). Kt ni libackbone c th n router li hay trc tip n li quang. Cisco 7609 thch hp l tng nrouter li nh Cisco 12000 Gigabit Switch Router hay trc tip n li quang (v d DWDMlong haul hay router nh tuyn bc sng). C nhiu giao din quang la chn lmtrunking li nh GE, POS l kt ni n gin cho truyn dn quang, cung cp dch v nhanh,tch hp lu lng tc thp, ti thiu nhu cu phn cng trong mng.

2.7 c ng dng u ?

C 3 vng chc nng chnh bn trong kin trc POP: tp hp truy nhp, backbone li (gmrouter Internet) v server. Mi vng chc nng c thc hin vi nhng tp hp thit b

mng ring l. Kin trc nh vy thch hp cho POP ln vi nhiu truy nhp, kt ni backbonev qui hoch cho s pht trin ln.

i vi POP nh hn, yu cu m rng khng cp thit th s ring l nh vy khng hiuqu chi ph nht bi v s lng kt ni khng cn bng vi lng thit b mng ca mi vngchc nng trong 3 vng chc nng . Cisco 7609 h tr nhiu chc nng, hiu qu chi phthit b, c th h tr nhiu yu cu kt ni, mi trng truyn v tc giao din.

2.8 Tp hp dch v metro

Tp hp dch v metro l tp hp truy nhp trong mng MAN, mng metro trong khu vcthnh ph tp trung doanh nghip v thng mi cao trong khu vc a l nh. Tp trung tiuth cao cho php mng c dch v tc cao, chi ph thp, k thut truyn dn quang, p ngs pht trin dch v mng metro nh tng khong cch si quang, loi b yu cu trm lp.SP bt u cung cp dch v GE qua si quang bn trong khu vc metro t thit b khch hngn POP ca SP, u im l k thut n gin hn, bng thng cao hn, thit b ra t tn kmhn - giao din GE thay cho giao din SDH. Khch hng c th s dng dch v GE ny truy cp Internet hay kt ni n v tr khc ca h trong cng khu vc metro hay qua mtkhong cch xa s dng backbone longhaul ca SP. Cisco 7609 c th h tr cc c imny. Khi lu lng khch hng khng GE, SP c th cung cp dch v fractional GE quatraffic shaping trn giao din GE.

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2.9 Tit kim u t

Cisco 7609 tit kim vn u t bng cch tn dng u t v bo v chng li nhngyu cu tng lai cha bit c.

H tr pht trin port adapter WAN vi module FlexWAN v kt hp bt k vi giao din

LAN ca Catalyst 6000, phn mm Cisco IOS trong cc sn phm Cisco ang tn ti.Cung cp nn cho s m rng, c th h tr tc giao din ln n 10Gb.

PXF cho php pht trin v m rng loi dch v kch thc b nh ln v CEF (CiscoExpress Forwarding) h tr ton b bng nh tuyn Internet cng giao din quang tc cao,mt giao din cao tp hp kt ni cn bng vi tc cao.

Thit k gim khng gian yu cu, iu khin c chi ph vn hnh bi t tn khng gianrack, in v lm lnh.

Ngun in 48VDC v 110/220VAC m bo Cisco 7609 c th c np in bi thit bcp ngun cho tng i.

3.Cisco Router 7609:

Kch thc (Cao x Rng x Su): 85,1 x 43,1 x 46 cm.Nng 24,9 kg.C 9 slot dc c nh s t phi qua tri.Dn qut c th thay nng cha nhiu qut.

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X l chuyn gi 30 Mpps v 512 MB DRAM cho nh tuyn Internet.Hai b x l dch v IP PXF trn mi module OSM.Mi khe x l 6Mpps cho cc dch v IP sau (gi l high- touch, line-rate IP service): QoS Traffic Shaping

Destination Sensitive Service (accouting, billing, QoS)Kh nng gim st mc dch v di SLA (Service Level Agreement).Nhiu giao din MAN, WAN (s dng FlexWAN module) t DS0 n OC-48.Thch hp vi giao din Catalyst 6000 family LAN t 10 Mbps Ethernet n 1 Gbps.

3.1 c im phn cng h thng:

a. Kh nng thay nng thnh phn:

C th thay nng tt c module (c supervisor engine nu c d phng) v qut. C th

thm, thay th, hay b module ra m khng cn ngng cp in h thng hay gy ngng hotng phn mm v giao tip.

b. Cc module:

Supervisor Engine 720

Supervisor Engine 720 vi 1GB DRAM c 2 uplink giao din Gigabit v d phng c portuplink ch standby. C hai u hon ton ging nhau.

Chuyn mch li lun l c th nng cp.2 port GE h tr nhng loi GBIC sau: 1000 BASE - SX (WS-G5484) 1000 BASE - LX/LH (WS - G5486) 1000 BASE - ZX (WS - G5487)

H tr MSFC3 v PFC3A.

- 27 -

9 8 7 6 5 4 3

2 1

Supervisor E

ngine720

SupervisorEngine720

Dphng

OpticalS

erviceModule

OC-48DPT /P

OS

24portGig

abitEtherne t-

SFP

48-Port10/1 00

TXSwit ch

ing

Module(RJ

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C khe PCMCIA. PC Flash - 1 khe cho card PC 16 MB hay 24 MB. S dng lu vchy sofware image v cu hnh file hay phc v nh thit b vo ra. Cha h thng file, c ths dng lnh nh cd, dir, delete qun l h thng file ny.

Cng Console dnh cho truy nhp u cui v modem.

EPROM trn Supervisor lu thng tin v module nh s serial ca module, s thnh phn,loi iu khin, phn cng v nhng thng tin ging nhau trn cc module.

Mt trc Supervisor Engine 720

OC-48 DPT/POS

OC-48 DPT/POS OSM c cu hnh thng qua phn mm s dng nh module 2cng POS (Packet-over- SONET) OC-48c/STM-16 hay module 1 cng OC-48c/STM-16 DPT.

2 port OC-48 DPT/POS OSM

24 port Gigabit Ethernet- SFP

Module 24 port Gigabit Ethernet- SFP

48-Port 10/100TX Switching Module

Module chuyn mch 48-Port 10/100TX c 48 cng song cng hay bn song cng, t ngnhn lin kt. Port c kt ni RJ-45 cho cp UTP Cat 3 hay Cat 5.

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48-Port 10/100TX Switching Module

c. Cc thnh phn c bn ca router:

CPU - n v x l trung tm: l b vi x l, c th c nhiu CPU trong router ln, thc thicc cu lnh ca h iu hnh thc hin cc nhim v sau: khi ng h thng, nh tuyn,iu khin cc cng giao tip mng.

RAM - cn gi l RAM ng (Dynamic RAM) 256MB dng lu bng nh tuyn, cungcp b nh cho chuyn mch nhanh, cung cp vng m cho cc gi d liu, cung cp b nhtm thi cho tp tin cu hnh, thng tin trn RAM s b xa khi router khi ng li hay b ttin. RAM thng c chia lm 2 phn: phn b nh x l chnh v v phn b nh chia sxut/nhp. Phn b nh chia s xut/nhp c chia cho cc cng giao tip lm ni lu tr tmcc gi d liu. nng dung lng RAM c th gn thm DIMM (Dual In-line MemoryModule)..

NVRAM - (Non-volative Random-access Memory) RAM 512 KB khng b mt thng tin,s dng lu tp tin cu hnh, NVRAM c thc thi nh Flash.

Flash - 16 MB l loi ROM c th xo v lp trnh c (EPROM), c s dng luton b phn mm h iu hnh Cisco IOS, mc nh router tm h iu hnh ca n trongFlash, trong qu trnh khi ng router IOS c chp ln RAM, mt s router c th chyIOS trc tip trn Flash, c th nng cp h iu hnh IOS bng cch chp phin bn mi hnvo Flash, ni dung ca Flash vn c lu khi router khi ng li hoc b tt in. nngdung lng Flash c th gn thm hay thay th cc thanh SIMM hay card PCMCIA.

Bootflash - 32 MB l ni lu on m ca chng trnh kim tra khi khi ng. Nhim vchnh l kim tra phn cng khi khi ng , sau chp phn mm IOS t Flash vo RAM.Nng cp bng cch hay chip mi.

BUS - Phn ln router u c BUS h thng v CPU BUS. BUS h thng s dng thng tin gia CPU v cc cng giao tip v cc khe m rng. CPU BUS dng CPU truyxut cc thnh phn ca router thng qua cc b nh trn router, vn chuyn d liu v cc culnh i v n cc a ch nh tng ng.

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Chng IV: Cc dch v ng dng da trn MANv ng dng MPLS trong h tng mng quc gia

M hnh mng MPLS

Nhng u vit ca MPLS tng cng kh nng cnh tranh ca cc nh khai thc dchv. Cc sn phm MPLS c trin khai trn phm vi ton cu. Tuy vn cn nhiu vn v mt cng ngh cn gii quyt nhng MPLS hin ang c coi l gii php tt cho mngth h sau ca cc nh cung cp dch v hng u trn th gii.

i vi Vit nam, vic trin khai MPLS hin ang c xc tin xy dng trong mngtruyn ti ca tng cng ty BCVT Vit nam. Vi d n VoIP hin ang trin khai, VNPT thit lp mng trc MPLS vi 3 LSR li. Cc LSR bin s c tip tc u t v m rng ticc a im c nhu cu ln nh Hi Phng, Qung Ninh pha Bc, Nng, Khnh Ho... min Trung, Bnh Dng, ng Nai, B Ra - Vng Tu... min Nam.

Trong cu hnh ny, cng ngh MPLS c trin khai khng ch trong lp li (MPLS core)m cn trong lp bin (MPLS edge). Cc thit b MPLS lp bin ng vai tr nh nhng LSRli vo, li ra. Cc mng Internet quc gia, mng truyn s liu, mng DCN (qun l) u

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c kt ni vi cc LSR bin. Vic chuyn tip cc thng tin ny c thc hin qua mngMPLS v n cc LSR bin li ra.

Cu hnh ny ha hn kh nng iu khin nh tuyn, chuyn mch n gin da trn ccnhn ca MPLS, kh nng cung cp cht lng dch v xuyn sut bo m. Tuy nhin cn rtnhiu vn k thut phi quan tm phn tch khi xy dng cu hnh chi tit bo m kh

nng tng thch gia cc thit b v hot ng ca mng. Mt trong nhng vn quan trngcn quan tm l cn xc nh nguyn tc t chc ca nhng nt LSR trong mng, cn phnnh r rng giao din v chc nng ca tng thnh phn thit b trong mng li, mng bin.Trong qu trnh xy dng cu hnh ny nn tham kho m hnh do MSF (Multiservice SwitchForum), mt t chc chuyn v cc thit b chuyn mch trong mng th h sau xut.

Cc dch v c th cung cp trong mng MPLS xut bao gm:- Ti tin cho cc mng s liu, Internet v thoi quc gia. Lu lng thoi c chuyn

dn sang mng trc MPLS quc gia. Mng ny s thay th dn mng trc TDM quc gia anghot ng.

- Cung cp dch v truy nhp Internet tc cao ti mt s a phng trng im trnton quc. Bc u hnh thnh mng trc quc gia trn c s cng ngh gi.

- Cung cp dch v truyn s liu tc cao cho cc doanh nghip nh Ngn hng, cchng thng tn bo ch.

- Cung cp dch v mng ring o VPN cho cc cng ty xuyn quc gia v cc doanhnghip ln. y ang c coi nh dch v quan trng nht tc ng n vic thay i c cukinh doanh v tng kh nng cnh tranh ca cc nh khai thc.

- Cung cp dch v Video.

Trong , mt s ng dng tiu biu nh:

1. MPLS VPN

C th ni VPN l mt trong nhng ng dng quan trng nht ca MPLS. K thut MPLSVPN a ra mt thay i c bn trong cng ngh VPN l s dng khi nim Virtual Routerthay cho Dedicated Router v Shared Router. Cc li ch ca n so vi cc dch v VPN truynthng:

Ring bit v bo mt: MPLS VPN gi cc thng tin nh tuyn ring bit cho mi VPN,m bo ngi dng ch c th lin lc c vi cc a ch c l p sn cho VPN camnh.

c lp vi khch hng: MPLS VPN c cch nh a ch (gn nhn trong mng MPLS)ht sc linh hot, ngi dng c th s dng bt c di a ch no (k c cc a ch kim tra

hoc cc a ch khng c ng k) hoc c th s s ng NAT (Network AddressTranslation). Mt khc, ngi dng cn c th s dng cc di a ch trng hoc ging nhau.Mt im ni bt khc l mng ca ngi dng khng yu cu cc thit b h tr MPLS, ccthit b t tin nh VPN Router vi IP Sec hoc bt c yu cu c bit no khc ngoi IP.

Linh hot v kh nng pht trin: Vi cc dch v VPN da trn IP, s lng router trnmng tng nhanh chng theo s lng cc VPN. VPN s phi cha cc bng nh tuyn ngymt ln. MPLS VPN s dng mt t p cc BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) ngang hng gia

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cc LSR cnh (Edge LSR), cho php s lng VPN khng hn ch v h tr nhiu dng VPN,d dng to thm cc VPN hoc site mi (ch cn thc hin ti router ca site mi).

MPLS hin ang c xc tin xy dng trong mng truyn ti ca Tng Cng TyBu Chnh Vin Thng (VNPT). Vi d n VoIP ang trin khai, VNPT thit lpmng trc MPLS vi 3 LSR li. Cc LSR bin s c tip tc u t v m rng ti cc

a im c nhu cu ln nh Hi Phng, Qung Ninh (pha Bc), Nng, Khnh Ha(min Trung) v Bnh Dng, ng Nai, B Ra - Vng Tu (min Nam). Bn cnh ,FPT Telecom, Vin Thng Qun i, in Lc cng vo cuc to ra mi trng cnhtranh vi cht lng dch v cao, gi r.

MPLS-VPN p ng c nhng yu cu t ra ca mt mng VPN, ng thi gii quytc mt cch trit nhng hn ch ca cc mng VPN truyn thng da trn cng nghATM, Frame Relay v ng hm IP. Ngy nay, tuy VPN vn ang cn l mt cng ngh mim Vit nam, nhng vic u t nghin cu chn gii php ti u cng l iu nn lmi vi cc nh cung cp dch v mng.

Th nhng vic trin khai mng MPLS khng n gin nh nhng g chng ta cp

trong phn trn, vn cn rt nhiu vn cn nghin cu v gii quyt trong vic trin khaimng:

Th nht: cn xc nh phm vi trin khai MPLS ch trong lp trc hay xung n cc tngi a dch v. Khi xc nh ch trin khai trong lp trc (3 nt) th tnh u vit ca cng nghkhng c pht huy ht, nu trin khai ng lot n tn cc tng i a dch v th mc u t ln hn rt nhiu v s xut hin nhiu vn k thut hn khi trin khai. Hn na hinnay s chn mui ca cng ngh cng l mt vn ng quan tm.

Th 2: gii quyt vic phn cp iu khin. i vi MPLS cc th tc iu khin chuynmch, nh tuyn thng qua LDP, tuy nhin khi xy dng mng MPLS cn thc hin theonguyn tc m: iu khin thng qua softswitch vi cc giao thc nh Megaco/H.248, Sigtran,

SIP, BICC...th vn kt hp iu khin cc LSR nh th no l iu cn quan tm. Nhvy cn xc nh r phm vi v cc khi chc nng trong cc nt chuyn mch MPLS v trnht thc hin kt ni cuc gi thng qua Megaco, LDP.

Th ba: cc dch v gi tr gia tng v VPN. tng hiu sut s dng mng MPLS cngia tng cc dch v khuyn khch khch hng s dng c bit nh VPN. Vi MPLS, mngring o VPN c t chc n gin, hiu qu v tng doanh thu cho nh khai thc mng.

2. MPLS TE (MPLS Traffic Engineering)

Bn cnh ng dng VPN, MPLS cn h tr dch v Traffic Engineering. MPLSTE hot ng da trn c s t ng cn bng lu lng ca lin kt mng v thay i s nh

tuyn ca lu lng lm cho vic kh nng s dng bng thng mng c ti u.

3. Dch v EWS (Ethernet Wire Service)

y l dch v cung cp cc kt ni im ni im gia 2 site ca khch hng cho c dliu v thng tin iu khin lp 2. Cc site ca khch hng xem nh trn cng mt mngLAN. EWS l mt tp con c nh ngha bi IETF VPWS (Internet Engineering Task Force Virtual Private Wire Service) . Tt c khung d liu c ng gi vo 802.1q tag truyn

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trong sut qua mng ca nh cung cp dch v. dch v ny khng c s ghp knh giaotip UNI, do s cung cp EVC (Ethernet Virtual Connection) cho mi UNI.

Vi dch v ny, nh cung cp dch v s cp cho mi khch hng mt Vlan-ID duy nht.VLAN-ID ny c th khc nhau trn 2 pha ca mng core, d liu ca khch hng s cchuyn tip (relay) thng qua h thng MPLS bng k thut EoMPLS.

Dch v EWS

4. Dch v ERS (Ethernet Relay Service)

ERS l dch v cung cp cho khch hng cc kt ni im ni im gia 2 site ca khchhng. Nhng y khc vi dch v EWS l ch chuyn d liu, khng chuyn cc khungPDU iu khin ca CE (Customer Equipment). ERS cng l mt tp con c nh ngha biIETF VPLS. Dch v ny tng t nh dch v Frame Relay, trong ERS dng cc VLANID c dng xc nh cc mch o. Mi mch o c th kt thc mt im u xa khc.Nhiu mch o c th to trn cng mt cng vt l (UNI). Tuy VLAN ID c dng xcnh mch o, nhng n ch c gi tr ni b, khng yu cu phi ging VLAN ID pha xa.

Dch v ERS

5. Dch v EMS (Ethernet Multipoint Service)EMS cung cp dch v VPN lp 2, trong bao gm nhiu site kt ni vi nhau. Cc site

cc a im vt l khc nhau tham gia vo cng mt mng LAN. y l dch v bng thngcao tng thch vi cc ng dng yu cu bng thng t trung bnh n cao. Cisco cung cpEMS thng qua li 802.1q (Swtiched LAN) hoc IP/MPLS.

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Dch v EMS

6. Dch v ERMS (Ethernet Relay Multipoint Service)

Dch v ny c cc c tnh tng t nh ERS. Dch v ERMS bao gm 2 loi dch vP2MP(Point to Multipoint) v MP2MP (Multipoint-to-Multipoint) s dng cu trc VPLS.Cc PDU iu khin ca CE khng c chuyn tip qua mng ca nh cung cp dch v.Nhiu CE-VLAN c th cng nh x ti mt UNI. Tuy nhin, cc CE-VLAN khng trong sutm n c nh ngha bi nh cung cp dch v.

Dch v ERMS

7. Dch v L3 VPN

Trong dch v ny, mi kt ni t CE n NPE s s dng mt vlan. CE l router cakhch hng. Cc router ny c nh tuyn bi cc giao thc IGP nh RIP, IGRP, OSPF

Dch v L3 VPN

Kt lun:

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MPLS l gii php hp l i vi cc nh khai thc ln tng cng kh nng cung cpdch v mi v kh nng cnh tranh trong mi trng bin ng hin nay. L trnh trin khaiMPLS trong h tng c s thng tin quc gia cn c tip tc nghin cu su hn v rnghn m bo hiu qu u t vo MPLS v mng th h sau NGN ca Vit Nam.

Nh vy, vi VPN da trn MPLS, ngi s dng hon ton c th t c cc mctiu ca mnh nh: iu khin nhiu hn trn h tng mng, cung cp a lp dch v tingi s dng, m bo hiu nng p ng theo yu cu ca ng dng, h tr hi t acng ngh vi nhiu kiu lu lng trn cng mt mng n. Tuy nhin, khi chn lanh cung cp phn cng v nh trin khai dch v, chng ta cn cn c trn nhiu gc v tiu ch nh gi khc nhau. V d c th cn c cc ti liu nh gi hiu nng snphm ca cc n v truyn thng, bc tranh pht trin ca nh cung cp v chiurng v chiu su... Nh u im vt tri ca cht lng dch v qua mng IP v lphng n trin khai VPN theo cng ngh mi, khc phc c nhiu vn m cccng ngh ra i trc n cha gii quyt c, MPLS thc s l mt la chn hiu qutrong trin khai h tng thng tin trong tng lai.