bao cao thuc tap nhan thuc

BO CO THC TP

SINH VIN : TRN QUANG NAM

I. MC CH CA T THC TP Lm quen vi mi trng lao ng cng nghip Tm hiu quy trnh cng ngh sn xut sn, dy chuyn cng ngh, cc loi sn phm v th trng tiu th. Tm hiu h thng my mc thit b trong cc phn xng. Hc tp k nng lm vic, quan h lm vic.

II. CNG TY C PHN SN TNG HP H NI 1. Lch s pht trin ca cng ty Cng ty Sn Tng hp H ni thuc Tng cng ty Ho cht Vit Nam - B Cng nghip l mt Cng ty sn xut sn u ngnh ca Vit Nam, thnh lp nm 1970 vi tn khai sinh l Nh my Sn mc in Tng hp H Ni. T khi ra i n nay Cng ty Sn Tng hp H Ni lin tc pht trin v cung cp hn 10 vn tn sn v mc in cc loi cho nhiu ngnh trong nn kinh t quc dn, gp phn vo s pht trin chung ca t nc . Vi lc lng cn b k thut, qun l, cng nhn c chuyn mn cao v truyn thng sn c, Cng ty khng ngng tht cht quan h hp tc vi cc nh khoa hc u ngnh trong nc v m rng hp tc quc t. Cng ty Sn Tng hp H Ni xng ng l Cng ty sn xut sn hng u ti Vit nam cng vi dch v sau bn hng tt nht. Hin nay cng ty c trnh qun l, cng ngh sn xut ngang tm cc nc tin tin trong khu vc; H thng thit b sn xut, thit b kim tra nhp t cc nc pht trin nh : Cng ho lin bang c, Nht bn, Italia,... Hu ht cc nguyn liu sn xut c cung ng bi cc hng ni ting th gii nh : Bayer, J.J Degussa (c), Sumitomo, Mitsui, Fuji chemicals Develoment Nht bn), Akzo (H lan), Lamseng Hang, Clariant Cng ty Sn Tng hp H Ni c cp chng ch ISO 9001:2000 v ISO 14000 phin bn 2004, sn phm ca Cng ty c cht lng n nh, ph hp vi iu kin kh hu nhit i. Nm 2002, Cng ty Sn Tng hp H Ni t sn lng hn 10.000 tn sn phm cc loi.

Page 1

BO CO THC TP


Bn cnh cc sn phm sn truyn thng: sn Alkyd, Alkyd Melamin, sn trang tr v bo v cho cc cng trnh xy dng dn dng; thng qua hp tc vi cc hng nc ngoi, Cng ty sn xut cc loi sn c chng : sn Acrylic , sn Epoxy, sn Cao su clo ho, sn Polyurethan cung cp cho cc cng trnh cng nghip : H thng bn cha xng du, Nh my Ho cht; Nh my Xi mng; Nh my in, Nh my ch to bin th, ct in ng dy 500 KV; Cc cng trnh xy dng giao thng vn ti: sn k ng bng sn bay, k ng quc l, Contener, cu st... ; cng trnh bin: ni, Cu cng... T nm 1997, Cng ty Sn Tng hp H Ni hp tc vi cc hng sn hng u th gii nh: PPG (M), KAWAKAMI & MITSUI (Nht Bn), a ra cc sn phm t cht lng quc t c cc lin doanh trong nc hoc x nghip 100% vn nc ngoi ti Vit Nam chp nhn nh HONDA Vietnam, YAMAHA Vietnam, FORD Vietnam 2. Sn phm Hin nay cng ty c phn sn tng hp H Ni sn sut v bn cc loi sn chnh sau: Sn Alkyd: Sn Alkyd thng, sn Alkyd melamin, sn Alkyd bin tnh (Alkyd bin tnh Styren, bin tnh phenol...)... y l sn phm truyn thng ca cng ty. Sn tng, sn chng thm Sn EPOXY Sn ACRYLIC Sn cao su lu ha Sn POLYURETHANE Sn chu nhit Sn t cc loi V cc sn phm khc: cht s l b mt, VECNY, nha Alkyd, keo dn, Matit my, dung mi. H THNG SN PHM

Page 2

BO CO THC TP


Nhm SP

Sn phm Sn chng r Alkyd S.AK-N & S.AK-N1 Sn ph Alkyd S.AK-P Sn ph Alkyd c bit S.AK-P1 Sn ph Alkyd c bit cao cp S.AK-P1* Sn chng r Alkyd c bit mau kh S.PA-N1 Sn ph Alkyd c bit mau kh S.PA-P1 Sn vn ba Alkyd c bit mau kh S.As-Vb Sn nh Alkyd c bit mau kh S.PA-P1;Ab Sn chun Alkyd c bit mau kh S.PA-CH Sn chng r Alkyd Melamin S.AM-N1 Sn ph Alkyd Melamin S.AM-P1 Sn vn ba Alkyd Melamin S.AM-Vb Sn cch in Alkyd Melamin S.AM-C Sn tnh in Alkyd Melamin S.AM-T

Products Anticorrosive Alkyd Paint S.AK-N & S.AK-N1 Colored General Alkyd Paint S.AK-P Colored Super Quality Alkyd Paint S.AK-P1 High Super Quality Alkyd Paint S.AK-P1* Special Quick Drying Anticorrosive Paint S.PA-N1 Special Quick Drying Paint S.PA-P1 Special Quick Drying Hammer Paint S.As-Vb Special Quick Drying Aluminium Paint S.PA-P1;Ab Quick Drying Shrink Paint S.PA-CH Anticorrosive Alkyd Melamine S.AM-N1 Alkyd Melamine Paint S.AM-P1 Alkyd Melamine Hammer Paint S.AM-Vb Alkyd Melamine Varnish S.AM-C Alkyd Melamine Paint For Electrostatic Method Page 3

BO CO THC TP


3. Quy nh khi ra vo cng ty. Do c th ca ngnh tng hp sn l thng xuyn s dng cc ha cht d chy nn ngoi cc nguyn tc chung c bn v an ton lao ng nh ra vo cng ty phi c php, tuyt i khng t vn hnh cc thit b cng nh khng c mang cc vt t ra khi cng ty cng ty cn c quy nh NGHIM CM MANG CC VT C NGUY C GY CHY N VO CNG TY ! Ni quy phng chy cha chy c ton th cn b cng nhn vin ca cng ty thc hin trit , ng thi yu cu tt c cc c nhn n lm vic ti cng ty phi tun th mt cch nghim tc. NG DNG CA SN Sn l ngnh k thut ang trn pht trin theo nhp chung ca nn kinh t quc dn. Trong cng cuc pht trin cng nghip ho, hin i ho. Hu ht cc lnh vc ca nghnh cng nghip u lin quan n sn vi mc ch bo v, chng s n mn v trang tr cc b mt. Ngoi nhng loi sn thng thng cng vi s tin b ca khoa hc k thut. Ngy cng xut hin nhiu loi sn vi tnh nng c bit nh: Sn chu nhit, sn bn trong mi trng ho cht, sn cch in, sn chng hu h c tui th cao v khng gy c hi vi mi trng sng. Lnh vc s dng ca sn rt a dng. T xy dng, hp, in t n sn giao thng nh: Sn tu, t, xe p, sn vch ng, sn cu cng, sn chu iu kin bin Hng nm lng sn tiu th trn th gii c tnh 22 triu tn/nm nh vy khong 4 kg/ngi/nm. nc ta lng sn tiu th ch vo c 0,5 kg/ngi/nm y l mt con s qu nh. Sn c phn loi ty theo mc ch s dng, theo gc nha, theo phng php sn xut, mc ch sn xut. Ngay trong lnh vc sn tng hp ngi ta cng chia ra nhiu loi khc nhau: Sn s dng dung mi hu c (alkyd, vinyl, epoxy, polyuretan, acrylic, polyester khng no) sn nc, sn bt Page 4

BO CO THC TP


Trong cc loi sn tng hp, sn trn c s nha alkyd (i khi ngi ta gi l sn alkyd) chim 60 - 70% sn lng bi cc u im ca chng nh: Bng, bn, p, d s dng, trn hp tt vi nhiu loi nha tng hp v thin nhin Phn 1: PHN XNG TNG HP NHA ALKYD Vic sn xut nha Alkyd l rt cn thit v sn lng hng nm rt ln. Ln u tin vo nm 1927 KIENLE tm ra nha Alkyd y l sn phm ca phn ng gia ru a chc v axit a chc hoc cc Anhydride ca cc axit a chc ny. Nha c cu trc khng gian tng i cht ch, rn chc nn kh ho tan, d c ho tan c th nha cng rn, gin, d nt, chu nc km khng bn vi tc dng ca ho cht, ch s axit v hydroxyl cao. Thi gian sau , khoa hc k thut ngy cng pht trin, ngi ta bin tnh vo phn ng to nha alkyd cc loi du tho mc hoc cc axit bo n chc. Chnh iu ny ci tin c tnh nng v phm vi ng dng ca nha alkyd trong cng nghip cc cht ph b mt. Tu thuc vo lng axit a chc v ru a chc m ngi ta tng hp c cc sn phm c tnh nng u vit. Nha alkyd c kh nng tng hp tt vi cc loi nha khc, bt mu, d ho tan. Ngoi ra nha alkyd cn c th bin tnh c vi nha thin nhin v t hp c vi cc nha khc khi dng sn xut ra nhiu chng loi sn, nhm phc v cho nhiu ngnh ngh, lnh vc khc nhau trong nn kinh t quc dn. Ty thuc vo hm lng du tho mc (axit bo n chc) bin tnh c th chia nha alkyd thnh 3 loi sau: + Nha alkyd bo (di) Du chim 56 - 70% + Nha alkyd trung bnh Du chim 46 - 55% + Nha alkyd gy (ngn) Du chim 30 - 45% Da vo chng loi cc axit bo c trong Du tho mc, bn cht cu to ca cc axit bo v loi nha alkyd, m bit c nha c th kh iu kin thng, to thnh mng thng qua phn ng oxy ho, hoc phi t hp vi cc loi nha tng hp khc, cng sy nhit yu cu mi to c mng. a s cc nha alkyd kh iu kin thng l nha alkyd bo v nha alkyd trung bnh. Nha alkyd gy thng khng kh iu kin thng. Nha alkyd gy dng sn xut sn, sau khi gia cng thnh mng sn, mng ny c th gi c bng, gi mu, cng, chu mi mn, chu c nhiu mi trng tt hn sn i t nha alkyd bo.

Page 5

BO CO THC TP


Vi cc tnh nng nu trn. Nha Alkyd bo c sn xut vi mt khi lng ln trn th gii v trong nc. Cng vi tc pht trin kinh t nh hin nay, nhu cu v sn Alkyd cc loi ngy cng nhiu. Cng ty C phn Sn Tng hp H Ni vi sn phm truyn thng l cc loi sn Alkyd, ang ngy cng chim lnh v p ng c nhu cu cht lng,sn lng ca cc th trng truyn thng trong nc, vn ti cc th trng kh tnh quc t. Vi cc sn phm c cht lng cao, gi thnh h. Cng ty hin nay u t c dy chuyn sn xut nha Alkyd vi cng sut 6000 tn/nm. Thit b ca phn xng c nhp t i Loan, t ng ho gn nh hon ton v c hot ng 3 ca. Phn xng c hai b thit b c nhp nm 1998 v 2004. Mi thit b c dung tch 7,5m3 (tnh theo thit b phn ng) v hng nm c th cung cp ti a 6000 tn nha. Tuy nhin do thc t yu cu ca th trng m hng nm phn xng ch sn xut khong 3000 tn nha / nm. 1. C s l thuyt tng hp nha alkyd: 1.1. Phng php axt bo (phng php 1 giai on). y l phng php i t axit bo, phng php ny thc hin phn ng nhanh, thao tc d dng, xy dng n phi liu linh ng, sn phm c tnh nng k thut tt nh: Trng lng phn t ng u, cng, bn va p, bn nc, chu mi trng Song c nhc im l nguyn liu u vo c gi thnh cao, kh tm, kim sot qu trnh thc hin phn ng kh. Sn phm c gi thnh tng i cao. (*) i t Glyxerin: Phn ng ho hc xy ra nh sau.

Page 6

BO CO THC TPO C O C O n CH 2 CH


OH OH n RCOOH

CH 2 OH n 1

CH 2 OH CH CH 2 COOR O O C O C O n

CH 2 OH CH CH 2 OH (3 n 1) H 2O

(*) i t Penta erythrytol v Ethylen glycol: Phn ng ho hc xy ra nh sauO C O C O n n +1 CH 2 OH CH 2 OH n RCOOH

O RCOO CH 2 CH 2 O C

O C O CH2 CH2 OH2 nH2O

n

Page 7

BO CO THC TPO C O C O n + HOH2C CH 2OH C CH 2OH CH 2OH


+ (n+1) RCOOH

n+1

CH 2OH RCOO CH 2OH

O

O

CH 2OH

CH 2 C CH2 O C

C O CH2 C CH 2OH + 3 n H2O CH 2OH n

1.2. Phng php ru ho (phng php 2 giai on). (*) i t Glyxerin. * Giai on 1. y l giai on Alcol phn (Ru ho). Thc hin phn ng chuyn ho Ester.CH 2 COOR1 CH COOR 2 + CH 2 COOR 3 CH 2 OH CH OH CH 2 OH t 0 = 2500C - 2600C PbO CH2 COOR1 CH OH + CH2 OH CH 2 OH CH COOR 2 CH 2 COOR 3

rrrrrrrrr Thc hin phn ng ny ta phi dng xc tc nh: xt, mui ca kim loi chuyn tip, hydroxit, mui ca kim loi kim. Trong thc t thng dng cc oxit, mui ca Pb. Khi cn bng t c, hn hp phn ng bao gm: Du d, Monoglyxerid, Diglyxerid, Glyxerin d, song hp phn ch yu ca qu trnh l -monoglyxerid. kim tra lng -monoglyxerid trong qu trnh phn ng Alcol phn. Ta dng ru (Ethanol, Methanol) ho tan lng ny nhit mi trng. Lng xc tc c nh hng ln n phn ng Alcol phn. Nu lng xc tc nh, tc phn ng xy ra rt chm, khng to ra c nhiu hp phn monoglyxerid, lm kh nng phn ng ca nguyn liu (Du, Glyxerin, Anhydride phthalic) vi nhau km. Nu lng xc tc cn d li, trong khi cn bng ca phn ng t c. Xc tc s tc dng vi Anhydride to mui kim loi gy nh hng cho phn ng ester ho sau ny.

Page 8

BO CO THC TP


* Giai on 2. Thc hin phn ng ester ho.O CH 2 COOR1 CH OH + C n +1 O n CH 2 OH C O

CH 2 COOR1 CH OH O C O C O n CH 2 O

CH 2 COOR1 CH CH 2 OH +2n H2O

(*) i t Penta erythrytol. * Giai on 1. Thc hin phn ng chuyn ho ester.

CH 2 COOR 1 CH COOR 2 + CH 2 COOR 3 CH 2 COOR 1 CH OH + CH 2 OH

CH 2OH HOCH 2 C CH 2OH CH 2OH CH 2OH R 2C OOCH 2 C CH 2OH CH 2COOR 3

Phn ng ti u l to monoglyxerid. * Giai on 2. Thc hin phn ng ester ho. y l phn ng gia monoglyxerid, pentaerythrid c thay th 2 nhm ephin vi Anhydride phthalic. Ngoi ra cn c phn ng trng hp cc ni i ca

Page 9

BO CO THC TP


axit bo trong du tho mc, phn ng trng hp giai on cui tng theo thi gian v nhit .O CH 2 COOR 1 CH OH + C O CH 2 CH CH 2 COOR 1 OH O O C O C O CH 2 COOR 1 CH CH 2 OH (I) CH 2 OH C O

O CH 2COOR 2 HOCH 2 C CH 2OH + C O CH 2COOR 2 HOCH 2 C CH 2COOR 3 O O C O C OH (II) CH 2 CH 2COOR 3 C O

Page 10

BO CO THC TP


nI

+

n II

O HO C

O C

CH 2COOR 1 OCH 2 CH CH 2 O O C O C CH 2COOR 2 OCH 2 C CH 2O CH 2COOR 3

( 2 n 1 ) H 2O

Phng php sn xut hai giai on: Thc hin phn ng chm, sn phm c tnh nng tt nh: bn un, bm dnh, d ho tan trong dung mi thm, du thng, white spirit v ch yu kh do xi ho Nguyn liu u vo l du tho mc d tm kim, d kim sot qu trnh phn ng, sn phm c gi thnh thp. Hin nay a s cc cng ty sn xut nha Alkyd trong nc thng s dng phng php ny. 2. Nguyn liu sn xut nha Alkyd. Cc nguyn liu sn xut nha Alkyd Vit Nam hin nay ch yu l nhp ngoi nh: Du tho mc, ru a chc, axt a chc, ch c mt lng nh du tho mc c khai thc trong nc. 2.1. Du tho mc: 2.1.1. Phn loi du tho mc. Du tho mc l nhng Triglyxerid ngha l ester ca Glyxerin v cc axit bo. Cng thc chung l:CH 2 COOR 1 CH COOR 2 CH 2 COOR3

R1, R2, R3 l gc cc Axt bo. S khc nhau ca cc loi du ny ph thuc vo thnh phn v bn cht ca axt bo. Cc axit ny c th l no hoc khng no vi 1 n 3 ni i. Trong cng nghip sn, du tho mc c chia lm 3 loi: Du kh, bn kh v khng kh. Page 11

BO CO THC TP


(*) Du kh: L nhng loi du tho mc c kh nng to mt mng lin tc khi qut mt lp mng. Tnh cht ny lin quan n tnh khng no ca axt bo, vi kh nng trng hp xi ho trong khng kh. - Ch s It ca nhm du ny l: 150 - 200. - c trng ca nhm ny l du Lanh v du Tru. (*) Du bn kh: L du tho mc c kh nng trng hp xi ho nhng chm hn v khng kh hon ton, do n khng c dng ring lm cht to mng m ch dng phi hp vi du kh. - Ch s It ca nhm du ny l: 120 - 150. - c trng ca nhm ny l du ht Cao su, du u tng, du ht Hng dng, du Lai, du Ri, du vng (*) Du khng kh: L du tho mc khng c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng hp xi ho. - Ch s It ca nhm du ny l: 70 - 120. - c trng ca nhm ny l: Du da, du lc, du cm, du liu Cc axit bo khng no ch yu trong du tho mc: - Axt c ba ni i: CH3CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH(CH2)7-COOH Axt Linolenic CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH-CH=CH-CH=CH-(CH2)7-COOH Axit Eleostearic (3 ni i lin hp) - Axt c hai ni i. CH3-(CH2)4-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-(CH2)7-COOH Axit Linoleic - Axit c mt ni i. CH3-(CH2)7-CH=CH-(CH2)7-COOH Axit Oleic CH3-(CH2)4-CH2-CH-CH2-CH=CH-(CH2)7-COOH OH Axt Ricinoleic Nh vy cc axt khng no thng c 18 nguyn t cacbon trong mch. 2.1.2. Tinh ch Du tho mc. Page 12

BO CO THC TP


Du tho mc ngoi Triglyxerid cn cha cc hp cht khc nh nc, sp, nha, cc cht mu, photpholipit, aminolipit. a s cc cht ny nh hng xu n tnh cht ca mng sn, do vy phi tch trc khi s dng du. Qu trnh tinh ch gm tch cc cht nhy, trung ho, ty mu, tch sp. Vic tch cc cht nhy l giai on quan trong nht, nu tin hnh tt, cc cht to mng s c tnh cht rt tt v khng hnh thnh cc cht ln vn thng gi l ht nho, chng s dnh vo thnh thit b, d b chy v lm sn phm c mu vng. Giai on ny tin hnh bng cch nng du ln 2800C trong vng hai pht. Khi c vt nc, cc cht nhy s keo t v khng tan vo du na. Giai on trung ho c thc hin vi dung dch axt. Tuy nhin, mt s nh sn xut li a dng amoniac hn v trong trng hp ny t c kh nng a vo du nhng tp cht v c lm nh hng n phn ng sau ny. Ngoi ra nu dng xt phi ra du nhiu ln hn tch cc vt x phng. Vic ty mu thng thc hin vi cc loi t st hot tnh. Sp c tch bng cch lm lnh chuyn chng sang trng thi rn. Cn lu rng sp thng cng l nhng hp cht c mu v cc cht mu ni chung cn tr qu trnh kh ca du. Do loi du c mu chc chn rng l loi cha c kh sp. 2.1.3. C ch hnh thnh cht to mng. C rt nhiu gi thit v s hnh thnh mng sn t du kh. Qu trnh ny cng cha c t m.

C th l oxi khng kh c hai cch kt hp vi lin kt i:CH CH + O2 + O2 C C O O CH2 CH CH CH CH CH O OH

Theo Engler

Theo Criegee Mng hnh thnh trn c s phn ng:

Page 13

BO CO THC TP


C O

C O

+

CH

CH

CH2 CH O CH O CH

Theo Marcusson Nh vy hai mch ester phn ng vi nhau v phn ng ny lp li cho n khi to thnh mng. Cng c th l dng peoxit s chuyn thnh dng epoxit

CH CH O v hai nhm ny c th phn ng vi nhau to thnh vng ioxan:OTheo Treibs CH CH O Du tho mc thng c ch bin theo hai cch. Cch th nht nu du nhit khng cao lm 150 - 1600C gi l nu chn du. Cch th hai nhit cao hn 280 - 3100C gi l trng hp nhit. 2.2. Ethylenglycol. y l ru a chc (2 chc). Cng thc ho hc: 2.3. Glyxerin. y l ru a chc (3 chc). Cng thc ho hc: 2.4. Pentaerythrytol. Cng thc ho hc:HOH2C CH 2OH C CH 2OH CH 2OHCH 2 CH CH 2 OH OH OH

CH

CH

CH 2 CH 2 OH OH

Theo tiu chun TC 4.1-2002/NL-STH 2.5. Anhydride phthalic.

O C O C O

Page 14

BO CO THC TP


Cng thc ho hc:

Theo tiu chun TC 4.2-2002/NL-STH 2.6. Xylen. Cng thc ho hc gm 3 dng ng phn:CH 3 CH 3

CH 3

CH 3

CH 3

CH3

m - xylen t0s = 139,10C 2.7. Du ho.

p - xylen t0s = 138,30C

o - xylen t0s = 144,20C

Theo tiu chun TC 6-2002/NL-STH Theo tiu chun TC 6-2002/NL-STH 3. Xy dng n phi liu thc t trong sn xut. to ra c sn phm t cc ch tiu k thut vi bo la chn l 64% khi lng v t l nhm OH d l 1,24. T cng thc: R= Ta tnh c % ca: S ng lng (-OH) S ng lng (-COOH) = 1,24

Penta Erythrytol: 14,15%

Anhydride Phthalic: 24,68% Theo ta xy dng n phi liu theo tng loi nha c th. Ly c th cho sn phm nha Alkyd penta u chu: K m hiu: AK02 - C3 Sn xut trn R101 v R201 TT Tn nguyn liu Tnh cho 1 m nu trn thit b 7.5KL Tnh cho 1 m pha long thit b 10KL

Page 15

BO CO THC TP


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Du u ngoi Du chu ni Penta erythrytol ngoi Anhydride phthalic ngoi PbO xc tc (Trung Quc) Xylen hi lu Xylen pha long - ra Du ho

3450 450 860 1500 4 200 165

3450 450 860 1500 4 200 165 3700 (4655 + 10lit)

Tng sn phm thu c: 10.000 kg (Hm lng rn 60 2%) Ch : - Ra thit b R-101 (R201) - Pha long trc tip trong thit b R-102 - Ra thit b R-102 200 lt 4.355 lt 100 lt

4. H thng dy truyn tng hp nha Alkyd 4.1. S h thngNc lm mt

4.2. Quy trnh thao tc cng ngh. - Bm du u v du chu vo thit b R101, Khuy 30 - 40 vng/pht. Np Pentaerythrytol (thi gian cho 20 - 30 pht). - Khi np xong Pentaerythrytol. Khuy 30 - 40 vng/pht trong thi gian 15 20 pht, sau tng tc khuy ln 75 5 vng/pht. Tng nhit. - Khi t nhit 180 20C m thng p np xc tc PbO (thi gian t 5 - 10 pht). Khuy 75 5 vng/pht v tip tc tng nhit. Page 16

BO CO THC TP


- Tng nhit ln 260 20C v duy tr nhit ny. Sau 50 pht ly mu kim tra alcol phn ln 1 (sau c 10 pht ly mu 1 ln). Khi thy mu t trong sut. Chuyn sang giai on lm lnh (kim tra alcol phn theo TC3.5 2002/PPT.NL - STH). - H nhit n 170 20C. M van ch U, tho nc y PC 101. - Gim khuy ti 30 - 40 vng/pht. M thng p, np Anhydride phthalic (thi gian t 35 - 50 pht), sau np xylen hi lu,l (thi gian t 5 - 10 pht). Tng khuy ln 75 5 vng/pht. - Tng nhit ln 180 20C, tip tc tng nhit t 1800C ln n 240 50C trong thi gian 7 gi. Duy tr tc khuy 75 5 vng/pht cho n khi kt thc qu trnh Sau 3 gi k t khi t 1800C, c 30 pht ly mu kim tra 1 ln. Kim tra nht v ch s axt theo TC3.3 - 2002/PPT.NL - STH v TC3.4 2002/PPT.NL - STH. - Tin hnh duy tr nhit 240 50C, trong thi gian ny khi nht 45 giy, c 30 pht ly mu kim tra mt ln, khi nht > 45 giy, c 15 pht kim tra mt ln, cho n khi kim tra thy nht t 70 - 90 giy (50% hm rn ho tan bng du ho, trong FC4) v ch s axt (H+) 18 mg KOH/g. Lm lnh. - H nhit ti 1500C. - Bm (hoc tho) sn phm t R101 sang R102. Khuy 40 - 50 vng/pht. - Bm du ho v xylen ra thit b R101 ri bm (hoc tho) sang R101. - Bm du ho vo R102 pha long nha + khuy 45 - 50 vng/pht. - Lc, ng thi bm nha t R102 sang tc cha sn phm cng loi. - ng sn phm ra cc thng phi cp ti phn xng sn xut sn.

4.3. . Qui trnh hot ng v cc thit b ca h thng R-101: Khi bt u hot ng, cc van CV-107, CV-108, CV-109 c m ra nguyn liu tng ng l xylen, du chu v du u ln lt vo thng lng V-103. Cc van c th m ln lt ly tng loi nguyn liu vo thng, sau x thng ri ly loi nguyn liu k tip; hoc cng c th ly cng lc vi loi nguyn liu vo thng. 4.3.1. Thng lng V-103: Page 17

BO CO THC TP


Thng c dung tch 3m3, bn cnh thng c quai gn lin vi thit b cn lng WIC-101. Cn lng c tc dng cho bit khi lng ho cht c trong thng v thng qua tn hiu m iu khin t ng cc van CV-107 n CV109. Khng kh trong thng s thot ra ngoi theo van x kh pha trn thng Ho cht trong thng s c x vo thit b phn ng R-101 thng qua van CV-201 hoc x vo thit b phn ng R-102 qua van CV-104. y l cc van t ng, c th t chng trnh cho van x mt lng ho cht tu .

Van x kh

Nguyn liu vo

V-103

IC-101

Con lng

Thng lng v-103

Nguyn liu ra

Page 18

BO CO THC TP


4.3.2. Thit b phn ng R-101 Ho cht sau khi vo thit b R-101 s tin hnh cc phn ng theo iu kin c th c iu khin t ng nh nhit , p sut. Ring cc ho cht rn nh AP s c np trc tip qua ca np vt liu rn bng phng php th cng. *Cu to thit b: 1 - ng c in. 2 - Ca tra du bi trn. 3 - Gi m t. 4 - Ca sa cha. 5 - ng du ti nhit t ng xon ra. 6 - V bc ngoi thit b. 7 - ng du ti nhit vo v bc trn 8 - Thn thit b. 9 - Ca ly mu. 10 - ng du ti nhit vo ng xon 11 - Gi trc khuy. 12 - Ca ra sn phm. 13 - ng du ti nhit vo v bc di. 14 - Cnh khuy. 15 - Trc khuy. 16 - ng du ti nhit t v bc ra. 17 - Tai treo. 18 - Ca quan st. 19 - ng ng cp kh N2. 20 - ng ng hi lu Xylen. 21 - Ca np liu. 22 - Khp ni trc khuy. Page 19

BO CO THC TP


V thit b gm 3 lp: Lp ngoi cng l lp cch nhit, gia hai lp trong chia thnh hai ngn, du ti nhit c a vo t c phn trn v phn di ca thit b. Bn trong cng l thng phn ng lm bng thp khng r, dung tch 7,5Kl. Tuy nhin trong khi hot ng thc t khng cha y ho cht trong thng phn ng m cn phi tnh n h s in y (h s bo m cho s dn n th tch v nhit ca cc ho cht). Thng thng phn xng nha alkyd, h s in y c tnh ton vo khong t 0,75 n 0,76 tc l khong 6KL hn hp H thng khuy: bao gm trc khuy ni vi m t truyn ng, quay vi vn tc 70 vng/pht. Trn trc khuy c gn 3 tng cnh khuy: 2 tng di gn cnh khuy loi a c g (hnh v), tng trn cng l cnh khuy mi cho. Vic b tr cc cnh khuy nh trn nhm to kh nng khuy trn ti u do nht ca hn hp phn ng l tng i ln. B phn iu nhit: bn trong thit b c ng xon rut g, ni thng vi phn v di ca thit b v c du ti nhit i bn trong. Du ti nhit sau khi c un nng t l t, s i bn trong ng xon, sau s di ra ngoi v my ri mi hi lu v l t gia nhit. Cc cm bin: bn trong thit b c cc cm bin ch th nhit v khi lng ca ho cht. Cc cm bin ny truyn tn hiu v trung tm iu khin v t iu chnh cc thng s phn ng. C hai qu trnh alcol phn v a t u tin hnh trong thit b phn ng R101. Trong giai on a t, hi nc v xylen c tch ra, hi lu xylen, loi b nc nh cc thit b PC-101, TC-101 v V-201 4.3.3. Thit b trao i nhit cc b PC 101. *Cu to thit b 1- Ca ra ca hn hp hi Xylen - Nc ti TC 101 2 - Np 3 - Bch 4 - ng nc lm mt (xon rut g) 5 - ng du ti nhit ra Page 20 6 - Tai treo 7 - Lp bo n du ti nhit 8 - a thp chng 9 - ng chy trn 10 - ng du ti nhit vo 11 - ng thu hi Xylen

12 -ng vo ca hn hp hi Xylen- nc, AP. 15 - ng nc lm mt vo Thit b c ch to bng vt liu thp khng r, bn trong c cc a l (9 a) vi ng chy chuyn. Pha trn phn bn trong thit b c cc ng xon rut g c lm mt bng nc * Nguyn l lm vic ca PC 101.

13, 14 ca quan st 16 - ng nc lm mt ra

Hn hp hi nng Xylen - Nc v mt phn Anhydride phthalic thng hoa i qua cc a chng ct bay ln phn trn PC 101, i vo phn tum bn trong chp nh PC 101. Nc lm mt i bn trong cc ng xon rut g quanh chp nh, lm mt khong khng gian chp nh, Xylen ngng t ri tr li cc a thp chng ct cun theo c Anhydride phthalic, trn b mt a xy ra cc qu trnh trao i pha lng - hi, kt qu cui cng Xylen lng hi lu tr li thit b phn ng cn hi nc v mt phn hi Xylen qu nhit bay hi sang TC 101 4.3.4. thit b trao i nhit ton phn TC 101 * Cu to thit b 1 - ng ng vo ca hn hp t PC 101 2, 8 - Bch mt u 3 - ng ng vo ca hn hp t R 101 7 - Ca ra ca hn hp ngng t 9 - Ca ht chn khng 10,14 - Bch ng chm

4 - Chn 5 - Thn thit b 6 - ng nc lm mt vo

11 - ng chm 12 - Vch ngn 13 - ng nc lm mt ra

Thit b c tc dng ngng t ton b lng hi nc c ln Xylen t thit b PC-101 i ra sau a sang bnh phn ly V-201 hon lu trit Xylen v tch nc thi. 4.3.5. Thit b pha long - R102. Sau alcol phn v a t thu c nha alkyd, tuy nhin do nha c nht ln, gy kh khn khi bm chuyn n cc phn xng khc nn cn c pha long bng dung mi (du ho).

* Cu to thit b 1 - ng c in. 2 - Ca tra du bi trn. 3 - Gi ng c. 4 - Ca sa cha. 10 - Chn thit b. 11 - Gi trc khuy. 12 - Ca ra sn phm. 13 - Cnh khuy.

5 - Thn thit b. 6 - Gi ng gia nhit. 7 - ng gia nhit. 8 - Gi thit b. 9 - ng cp du ti nhit Thit b c ch to bng vt liu thp khng r, bn trong c ng xon rut g trao i nhit, c b cnh khuy vi ba tng cnh (cnh khuy gia v trn cng c dng mi cho, cnh khuy y c dng m neo) t trn gi . H thng iu nhit dng ng xon rut g c tc dng iu chnh nht do nht ca nha thay i theo nhit .Vic trang b h thng ny l do trong nhng ngy nhit thp nhit ca nha thay i rt ln

14 - Trc khuy. 15 - ng du ti nhit ra. 16 - Ca quan st. 17 - Ca cp liu. 18 - Khp ni trc khuy.1 2 3 4 5 6 13 18

17

16 15

7 8

14

9

10 13 11 12

Sau khi pha long, nha s c bm n cc tc cha v cp cho cc phn xng ch bin sn. Tuy nhin trc khi vo cc tc cha, nha vn cn c cho chy qua mt li lc m bo loi b cc cn rn. Ta c th thy rng trong qu trnh phn ng R-101, nhit s c thay i nhiu ln. Chnh v vy, cp nhit v x nhit thit b ny c ngha v cng quan trng. thc hin 2 cng vic ny, nh my s dng mt h thng m trnh t hot ng nh sau: 4.3.6. H thng iu nhit cho R-101: Chy bn trong cc ng ca h thng l du ti nhit TF6100. Qu trnh cp nhit vo l phn ng: Du c lm nng ti l t bn ngoi phn xng, nhit l t khong 3000C v t nng bng du diezen. Du nng chy qua van TCV-201 i theo hai hng, mt phn nh du s hi lu lun v l t, phn ln du i qua bm HP-204 v vo ng xon rut g ca R-101, ra v my v tr ra ng dn. Mt phn du ngui i qua hng van TCV-202. Lc ny, van TCV-202 s ch cho du nng i theo hng khng qua thit b E-201. Du ngui mt phn ho trn vi du nng, li tip tc qua bm HP-204 vo R-201. Phn ln du ngui cn li s quay tr li l t c cp nhit v tin hnh mt chu trnh mi. Vic iu chnh cc van TCV-201 v van TCV-202 c tin hnh hon ton t ng, cn c vo tn hiu v nhit do cm bin t trong l phn ng cung cp. Qu trnh x nhit khi l phn ng: Trong trng hp ny, van TCV-201 c ng, van TCV-202 m theo hng cho du i qua thit b lm mt E-201. Lc ny du trong ng rut g, ra v my, qua thit b lm mt ri nh bm HP204 bm tr li trong my. 4.3.7. Bnh phn ly V-201: Bnh phn ly c tc dng cha nc v xylen ngng t, do nc v xylen khng tan ln nn hai cht lng s phn lp, nc di, xylen trn. Lp xylen s tip tc c tch v hi lu v thit b phn ng R-101 qua van (3). Nc ngng c tho khi bnh qua van CV-202. y l van t ng, c tc dng iu chnh mc nc trong bnh, gin tip iu chnh lng xylen trong thit b phn ng v qua iu chnh tc phn ng trong R-101, c th nh sau: Lng nc trong bnh nhiu th lng xylen trong bnh phn ly t, lng xylen trong thit b phn ng do nhiu v lm tng kh nng tch nc khi R-101, tng tc phn ng. Van (1) l van c s dng khi lm v sinh thit b phn ng. Trong qu trnh lm vic ca c h thng, van (1) lun trng thi kho. Van (2) l van cho nc v xylen ngng t t TC-101 chy vo V-201. Sau van (3) c mt on ng c un gp cng c tc dng nh van iu p, ch cho xylen i xung thit b R-

101 ch khng cho i ngc ln bnh phn ly. Van TCV-201 l van iu chnh p sut. Sn phm sau khi phn ng R-101 xong s c cho chy xung thit b pha long R-102. 5. Tc dng ca tng cng on trong sn xut, nhng nguy c c th xy ra, hng khc phc cc nguy c . Trong sn xut nha Alkyd theo phng php 2 giai on bin tnh du tho mc. * Giai on 1. Thc hin phn ng chuyn ho Ester ca du tho mc v Ru a chc. bit c lng Monoglyxerid to thnh trong qu trnh phn ng, dng Ru (Ethanol, Methanol) ho tan lng ny ti nhit mi trng. Vic kim tra phi tht chnh xc. Nu lng Monoglyxerid khng chnh xc, s nh hng rt nhiu n phn ng ca giai on 2. Nu kt qu ca phng php kim tra trn cn c s nghi ng. C th ly mu th, phi liu cng Anhydride phthalic theo n. Sau un nhanh ln 2400C. Ly mu nh ln tm knh sch thy c dng vin trn sng mu, ng nht (trong) l t yu cu. giai on 1 ny, vic theo di qu trnh hin ti l rt cn thit. Nu nguyn nhn no , m tng nhit qu nhit phn ng, d xy ra s c tro v chy n. nhit thot hi nc trong du tho mc t 1000C - 1300C. Tng nhit vi tn sut cp nhit nh, trnh hin tng si tro. Khi np xc tc, phi np ng nhit yu cu. Nu np ti nhit cao hn, d gy ra phn ng tc th v xut hin hin tng tro. Cn phi ch np xc tc ng n phi liu, thc hin phn ng ng nhit yu cu, kim sot cht ch tc khuy ca khi phn ng. * Giai on 2. Thc hin phn ng Ester ho gia sn phm ca giai on 1 v Anhydride phthalic. - Khi lm lnh khi phn ng ca giai on 1, ti nhit yu cu mi c np Anhydride phthalic. Trnh hin tng va np Anhydride phthalic nhit cao, cng lc xy ra phn ng, kim tra cht ch tc khuy, trnh hin tng tro tc th, do lng nc tch ra t phn ng. Sau khi np xong Anhydride

phthalic th mi np Xylen hi lu, ng ca np liu mi c tng tc khuy. Phi xc nh chnh xc im nhit phn ng giai on 2 bt u din ra, khi phn ng mi bt u, cn cp nhit vi tn sut b, kim sot c tc phn ng. Phn ng Ester ho xy ra chm. to c sn phm nha Alkyd c trng lng phn t ng u v ch s axt t yu cu, phi theo di rt k cng ch khuy, tn sut tch nc t phn ng, tc hi lu ca Xylen, tn sut cp nhit, nng lc ca thit b lm mt ton phn, lu lng nc vo trong thit b lm mt ton phn. - Trong vic theo di qu trnh thc hin phn ng giai on 2. Phi thng xuyn kim tra ch s Axt v nht ca khi phn ng trnh hin tng keo ho (gel). Khi xut hin hin tng keo ho. Phi tm mi cch h nhit khi phn ng xung, sau np du cao su, nha thng ho tan, nha SK120 ho tan, tng lng nh vo khi phn ng trnh hin tng keo tip din. - Trong khi theo di phn ng giai on 2. Nu thy nht tng nhanh v ch s axt gim chm. Phi thc hin phn ng nhit thp hn. Nu nht tng chm v ch s axt gim nhanh. C th tng nhit v thc hin phn ng nhit cao hn (khng c cao qu 2600C), gim lng Xylen hi lu trong thit b phn ng, bng cch gim mc nc bnh phn ly, tng lng Xylen v bnh phn ly nhm thc hin tt hn phn ng trng hp du tho mc.

Phn 2: CNG NGH CH BIN SN 1. Khi nim v sn: Sn l mt dung dch khi qut ln trn b mt vt liu, to nn mt lp mng bo v, c mu sc a dng c dung trang tr 1.1Thnh phn ca sn; tttt a)Cht to mng : Nha alkyd bin tnh bng du thc vt hay cc axit bo. y l loi nha sn ph bin nht. N c th dng trc tip sn xut sn cng c th trn vi nhiu cht to mng khc vi tc dng ho do v tng kt dnh vo kim loi. Xt v cu to, y l mt polyeste hn hp trong cc nhm hydroxyl ca ru a chc mt phn c este ho bng axit a chc, mt phn c este ho bng axit bo ca du thc vt . Cht to mng chim t 50-70% thnh phn sn b)Bt mu v bt n Bt mu l mui (BaSO4) , oxt kim loi (TiO2, Fe2O3,) dng bt mn khng tan vo nc hay nhng hp cht hu c c nhm mang mu. Bt mu lm cho sn c b mt nhn v cn nh hng n tnh cht l ho ca mng sn (chng hin tng oxy ho, in ho). Ngoi ra bt mu cn phi tho mn nhng tnh cht nh mn < 1 micro mt, ph, t s chit quang Bt n c a vo nhm mc ch h gi thnh sn phm nhng khng c nh hng n nhng tnh cht ca mng sn. Bt n thng dng l bari sun fat, canxi sun fat, can xi cacbonat c)Dung mi: dung mi ch ng vai tr trong qu trnh gia cng sn tc l lm cho nht, long ca sn t mc yu cu c th khuych tn v vn chuyn c (phun, qut) nhng khi to thnh mng sn ri th dung mi phi bay hi ht. Cn c vo cht to mng, tc bay hi m ta chn dung mi : Dung mi mch thng: hydrocacbon no t C12-C20 (dng cho cht to mng l ankyt bo). Dung mi vng thm: bezen, toluene, xylen (dng cho ankyt gy) Dung mi l cc ete, xeton v mt s sn phm du m khc. Thng th ngi ta s dng phi hp cng mt lc nhiu loi dung mi. Dung mi thng chim 10-20% thnh phn sn.Thc t nh my s dng Toluen , Xilen , xng ZA1 lm dung mi d)Cht ph gia: S dng cht ph gia tu thuc vo tng loi sn nhm ci thin cht lng sn, nng cao tnh nng v tui th ca sn. Cht lm kh: tng nhanh qu trnh kh ca sn (Pb 32%, Co, Ca ) C ch lm kh :

2 (RCOO)2MnO4 +O 2 (RCOO)2Mn2+ +2 -OQu trnh thay i ho tr ca x phng kim loi , ly oxi ca khng kh , bin thnh oxi nguyn t hot ng hn , truyn cho du thc y qu trnh to mng . Khng c cht lm kh , sau120-125 gi , sn mi kh.C cht lm kh, thi gian rt xung cn 2-3 gi nhit 25oC Cht ci thin b mt: -ui khng kh, gim sc cng b mt, to cho sn c b mt nhn bng (b mt x x gy ra nhng k nt ph hng lp sn ). -To nht ph hp chng li s lng ca bt mu hoc c th cho lng nhng khng to lin kt ,c th khu li c. -Hp th nh sng, lm mm do mng sn khi vt liu co dn trnh rn nt, bong sn. Trong sn cht ph gia ch chim t 1-2% thnh phn sn. 1. 2.Cc nguyn liu dng cho qu trnh sn xut sn a. Cht to mng cho sn(50 n 60%). Nha Alkyd: c sn xut trong nc . Nha Epoxy:nhp hon ton t Singapo. Nha Acrilic gm Acrilic tan trong dung mi: ch yu nhp t Malaixia. Nha Nitroxenlulo: nhp 100% t Nht Bn,i Loan. b. Bt mu, bt n, ph gia, cht lm kh

V d ; Mn2+(RCOO)2 + O2

1. CaCO3 98% (bt nh ) dng bt , c mu trng Cng ty TNHH Tr Hng -Phng L Hng Phong -TX Ph L -H Nam . Bao 35 kg 2.Lithopone standard No :GB/T 1707-1995, ZnS 28% . Netweight :35kg Liuzhou zinc products co.ltd . China 3. Titanium dioxide (bt mu trng ) GA - 200 . N/W 25 kg Ca cng ty GREDMANN,c 4. Aluminum stearat(cht chng lng) ( dng bt mu trng ) bao 10kg sn xut bi FORMOSA organic chemical industry co.ltd 5.Cobalt 2 ethyhexanoate(Cobalt octoante 10%),hay l Co 10 Hex-cm 25 kg . Sn xut ti Thi Lan bi OMG company.ltd ( cht lm kh mt) 6. Pb octoante -(cht lm kh chn ) ng trong phuy . 7. Skino .ng trong phuy (l cht chng to vng sn ) 8.Manomet ng trong can 20 lt 9.Lead Chromate (PbCrO2) mu vng . bao 25kg . sx ti Trung Quc can

10.Lemon chrome yellow ( vng chanh ) bao 25 kg . Sx bi Shinochem Hebei , China 11.Barium sulphate .bao 25 kg . sx ti Trung quc 12.Bt mu xanh l cy (pigments cappella F5925 Halluin -France bao 25 kg . c k hiu l cht c 13.Bt mu ( 336) 14.Degalan (L mt loi nha ) bao 25 kg ca hng Rhm c 15. AEROSIL 200 . DegusaAG /GBKC D 60287 synthetis cher amorphes silizium dioxid - FRANKFURT CAS_reg NR 7631-86 16 Bt CORAX Haf(N330) mu en . Dng cho sn xut sn en 17.Tixogel

2. Quy trnh sn sut sn trong nh my

Dng c

Nha

Cht to mng

Dung mi

Ph gia

Bt mu

Khuy trn ha tan theo n

Can Mui Pha lc

Kim tra

Bt n

Bao b

ng thng

Nhp kho

2.1. Mui , khuy trn

Cc nguyn liu c bn ca sn c trn ln vi nhau gm cht to mng, bt n, bt mu v dung mi, ngoi ra cn thm cht ph gia nh cht chng lng, cht chng to bt, cht phn tn (cc thnh phn ly theo n) trong b di ng. Cc cht ny c khuy trn u bng my khuy c cnh khuy dng a theo qui trnh sau: + Cho 30% n 50% lng dung mi, 50 n 70% lng nha theo n vo thng cha. y thng vo v tr khuy v cho khuy 200 n 500 vng/pht n khi hn hp phn tn u (15 n 20 pht) + Dng my, cho ht bt mu, bt n, ph gia theo n vo thng cha. Bt my khuy 500 vng/pht, n khi hn hp phn tn u (khuy khong 30 n 40 pht) th dng my. Sau khi cc nguyn liu c trn u vi nhau, hn hp c yn trong mt khong thi gian ch cho cc hi bt mu, bt n c thm t u nha v dung mi. Thi gian ch cng ko di th cc ht cng thm t tt, trong thc t thi gian c cng ty thc hin trong khong 4 gi ng h. Do mui l cng on chim nhiu thi gian nn phn xng tin hnh phn phi vic tip liu tn dng ti a nng sut my, khng my ri. 2.2. Nghin Sau khi mui , hn hp c iu chnh nht ri a vo my nghin. Vic iu chnh nht nhm to iu kin lm vic ti u cho my nghin. Nu hn hp c nht qu cao, khi nghin s c ma st ln lm tng nhanh nhit (dung mi do cng bay hi nhanh hn v hn hp cng thm nht) gy kh khn cho vic bo m nhit u ra ca hn hp. Nu nht thp, cc lp vt cht d trt qua b mt nghin, lm nng sut nghin thp. nht yu cu vo khong 70 n 120 giy nhit mi trng nu o bng phu FC4. Qu trnh nghin c tin hnh trn my nghin ht ngc loi ng hoc nm ngang. Hn hp c nghin nhiu ln v iu chnh tc my ph hp, n khi t mn theo yu cu tng loi sn. Qu trnh nghin lm phn tn li cc ht bt mu Bng yu cu mn i vi mi loi sn : Tn sn STT 1 Sn du Cc mu Sn chng g 2 Sn vch ng 3 Sn AK c bit mau kh Sn ph Sn chng g mn sau cn nghin ( m) 40 60 40 27 40

4

Sn Ak chng g Chng g thng dng Chng g c bit

. 55 4.5 27 40 40

5 Sn AK melanin Sn ph Sn chng g 6 Ak c bit m 7 Sn AK Ak c bit 27 AK thng dng 30 Sn chu nht 8 Sn AK thng dng(P) 9 Sn AK c bit (P) 10 27 30 40

2.3. Pha sn Sau khi c nghin, hn hp thu c gi l paste. Paste c b sung nt lng nha, ph gia, v khuy trong 15 n 30 pht. Sau , hn hp c trn thm bt mu v iu chnh nht s thnh sn sn phm v c ng gi sau khi c phng KCS kim tra cht lng.

3. H thng thit b 3.1. My khuy a My khuy c cc b phn ch yu sau: + B my + M t truyn ng, s vng quay ca m t c iu khin bng b iu khin p tn. + Trc khuy v cnh khuy. Cnh khuy lm bng thp hp kim cng c dng a, ra a c cnh tng kh nng khuy trn. Khong cch t a n y thng khuy ti thiu l 5 cm. + My c h thng thu lc, c kh nng nng ln hoc h xung hoc quay quanh b my tin cho vic di chuyn thng cha sn phm.

3.2. My nghin ht ngc * Cu to: Cu to chnh ca my nghin l thng nghin v trc quay cng cc a cng tc. Trc quay t bn Li trong thng nghin, ngn trn trc c cc a (9 Nc ra n 11 a), trn a c cc l thot bi. Ty vo chiu t ca Sn ra thng nghin m a ngi ta phn ra lm cng tc my nghin ht ngc loi ng hay loi nm. Bn trong thng c cc ht bi nghin hnh trn ng knh 2,5 n 4mm, lm bng vt liu thu tinh hu c Nc vo Sn vo (chu ho cht, mi mn, va p), t trng ca bi xp x t trng ca hn hp, th tch bi chim khong 2/3 th tch thng nghin. Khi my hot ng s c va chm gia cc ht ngc v gia ht ngc v a, c tc dng nghin nh bt mu, bt n, ng thi gp phn lm phn tn bt mu v bt n trong nha. u ra sn ca thng nghin c li chn ngn bi thot ra, kch thc mt li tu thuc mn yu cu ca ht bt mu. Thng nghin c 2 v, gia hai v l nc lm mt. Phi s dng nc lm mt l do trong qu trnh nghin, hn hp va chm vi cc ht ngc v a ma st s sinh ra nhit rt ln. Trc quay c vn hnh bng mt ng c in gn trn b my. * Hot ng Va sn c y vo my t pha di, ng c lm quay trc quay ng thi lm cc a cng tc quay theo vi tc cao. Khi a cng tc quay, nh lc vng ly tm lm cho cc vin bi trong thng chuyn ng hn lon. Vn tc v lc ly tm ca cc vin bi tm thng khc vn tc v lc ly tm thnh thng dn n c lc x cc lp va bao quanh chng. ng thi va sn c bm dn ln trn nn ton b bi v va sn c xu hng chuyn ng t di ln trn theo

ng xon c. Qu trnh x nh v ch st gia bi v va sn vi a cng tc lm cho va sn c lm mn nhanh chng. 3.3. My nghin bi ng : MK 60s Ni quy s dng my : Cng nhn s dng my phi mang y bo h lao ng, phi c hng dn y v vn hnh . Trc khi vn hnh phi kim tra an ton ton b thit b my nh nc lm mt my , phn in, phn c. - Khi ng ng c trc, cho bm lm vic ht va sn t thng cha vo my t 4~6 pht (nu thng khng c va sn ). - Khi thng y, tt ng c bm, cho ng c chnh lm vic, cho trc chnh khuy trong 5 pht, sau tip tc. - Khi my lm vic : nhit ca va sn 45 ~ 50 oC nhit nc lm mt 30~35 oC u im my nghin bi : - My lm vic khp kn nng sut cao. - n gin d s dng . - Lm vic theo dy truyn n nh. - An ton, gim c hi cho cng nhn - Gim c s mt mt dung mi. Cc thng s k thut : - Nng sut : 100-700 l/h. - Lu lng nc lm mt my 0,7 m3- 1,5m3. - Dung tch thng cng tc 60 l. - Nhit cho php va sn ra : 45- 50 oC - nht cho php ca sn phm : 50 2000 cp. - Nhit nc vo : 20 oC - Nhit nc ra : 35 oC - ng c chnh : 18 KW. -ng c bm : 1,5 KW. - S a trn trc cng tc : 13 a. - Tc quay ca trc n= 700v/ ph.

8 H2O 9

10

7

1 H2O 6

5

4

3

2

1 : ng c chnh. 2 : ly hp ly tm ma st. 3 : pu ly ch ng . 4 : ai 5: pu ly b ng .

6 : trc v a cng tc. 7 : thng cng tc. 8 : van mt chiu . 9 : bm bnh rng. 10: thng cha va.

Nguyn l hot ng: Va sn c bm 9 ht t thng va 10 qua ng dn v van mt chiu 8 khi y thng va s tro ln ming qua li lc ra ngoi .Trc v a cong tc quay c nh ng c chnh 1 qua li hp li tm ti puly ch ng thng qua s chuyn ai ti puly b ng 5. Puly b ng 5 c gn cht vi trc cng tc nn trc v a cng tc nhn c chuyn ng. Khi a cng tc quay nh lc vng ly tm lm cho cc vin bi trong thng chuyn ng hn lon. Vn tc v lc ly tm ca cc vin bi tm thng khc vn tc v lc ly tm thnh thng dn n c lc x cc lp va bao quanh chng. ng thi va sn c bm dn ln trn nn ton b bi v va sn c xu hng chuyn ng t di ln trn theo ng xon c. Qu trnh x nh b ch st gia bi v va sn vi a cng tc lm cho va sn c lm mn nhanh chng .

3.4. Thit b ph tr Thit b ph tr ch yu trong phn xng l bm. C 2 loi bm c s dng ch yu l bm rng kha v bm mng. Bm rng kha dng bm cht lng nht l nha do n c kh nng to ng lc ln. Nhc im ca loi bm ny l do tip xc nhiu vi cc ho cht nn d b trng n cc phn lm kn bm, lm cho bm sau mt thi gian s cho nng sut km. Bm mng c s dng ch yu cung cp hn hp cho my nghin. Mng c lm t vt liu polime nn khi tip xc vi dung mi d b lo ho v rch. Tuy nhin mng ca bm c th thay kh d dng.

4. Hng dn pha sn : Cn va sn theo yu cu. B sung du nha cho theo yu cu cho ti phn pha ca sn - Chnh nht s b bng dung mi, o theo dng c o nht.

- B sung ph gia theo yu cu ti phn pha sn . - Pha mu : pha theo mu mu,chun. - Dng c o nht v bng dung mi trong cng thc chnh nht n nht yu cu * Dng sn pha long n nht yu cu : Sau khi trn u bt nho nghin mn vi sn cn li ta c sn phm sn mu. iu quan trng trong khi sn xut sn mu l t l gia bt mu v sn. T l ny ph thuc rt nhiu vo loi nha du hay sn c kh nng ngm u vi 100 gr bt mu. Hm lng du ny thng t 22 ~ 90 % v vi mt loi bt mu ph thuc vo cc yu t: - Mc nghin mn ca bt mu : ht cng to hm lng du cng t. - Trng lng ring ca bt mu cng ln hm lng du cng t. - Kh nng gn bt mu trong cht to mng. 4.1 Kim tra mu sc v nht : * Xc nh mu sc: Mu sc ca sn v du c xc nh theo mu sc ca dung dch it vi nng khc nhau. Theo quy nh ngi ta chun b cc dung dch nh sau ( cc con s ch s mgr it cha trong 100 ml dung dch): 4000 1076 289 76 21 3016 827 222 58 16 2366 636 170 45 12 1820 489 130 35 9 1400 376 100 27 7

* Xc nh nht : - nht tng i l so snh nht sn (tnh theo giy) vi nht ca nc hay du ban u cng mt nhit . Dng dng c o nht Angle o nht, xc nh nht bng cch o thi gian chy trong mt th tch V nht nh qua l nh ca bnh cha mt nhit nht nh

Thi gian chy ca sn nht = Thi gian chy ca nc

- nht tuyt i: dng nht k l phu BZ4 , ycht lng vo phu ri o thi gian chy ht ca cht lng. - nht k thut: Xc nh thi gian chy trong mt th tch lng nht nh ng trong mt loi bnh cha no y qua mt l nh c iu kin quy nh no y. 4.2 Mt s cng thc mui sn 4.2.1. AK mu ghi 500 Titan GA_200 19,5 lithopen 12,5 bt nh 19,5 Al stearat 2,5 Ma no met 1 AK tng 140 4.2.2 AK c bit , 336 20 7969 50 BaSO4 60 Trng du AK Nh Tng Manomet Txogel Xylen Butanol 4.3.2.Sn Va +duAK tho mc Dung dch PETXAN120 Xylen Co-octoante Pb-octoante Ak tng Skino Xng ZA1 4.4.4 .Sn du (xanh B ) Xanh B Vng chanh TQ Vng th TQ Vng st TQ 1000 Ak tng 200 B xung thm xng ZA1 10 Du Ak tng 20 60 200 3 3 25,5 1,5 1000 653 117 40 3 3 150 2 11 500 10 10 10 10

Ve qun i BaSO4 Nh Thi xanh lc Al stearat Du mu 4.4.5.Sn trng vch ng Titan GA200 50 Lithopen 88,5 CaCO3 nng 82,5 BaSO4 50 Al Stearat 2,5 AEROSIL 1 Degalan64/12 90 Xylen 150

10 10 50 1,5 2,5 140

5.T l phi trn cc thnh phn cho tng loi sn : 5.1 Sn ankyd tng hp Nha ankyd tng hp 55-60% Bt mu 20-25% Ph gia 2-3% Dung mi 12-15% 5.2 Sn du Cht to mng 55-60% Bt mu 20-30% Ph gia 2-3% Dung mi 5-10%

VII. TNG KT Sau t thc tp nhn thc va qua, cc kin thc c bn em c th rt ra l: 1. Nm bt c c bn cng ngh sn xut sn: Qu trnh sn xut sn bao gm cc bc c bn l mui , nghin, pha v ng gi sn phm. 2. Nm bt c cc thit b phc v sn xut sn Cng ty c phn sn tng hp H Ni bao gm: Cu to, nguyn tc hot ng ca cc thit b v qui trnh vn hnh ca h thng. Nhng nt chnh v qu trnh sn xut ca cng ty: * Qui m sn xut trung bnh. * Mc t ng ho cha cao, th hin nhiu cng on sn xut bng phng php th cng m cng ty cn thc hin. * Nguyn liu u sn xut gn nh phi nhp khu ton b, nha Alkyd do cng ty tng hp c cng phi nhp khu nguyn liu * Mu m sn phm p, cht lng tt, a dng v chng loi. * Th trng ca cng ty ch yu hng vo cc cng trnh ln c s dng n sn v sn phm lin quan. Do cng ty c cp cc chng ch v qun l tiu chun cht lng nn c th nhn thy vic t chc kho bi, mt bng sn xut c thc hin rt tt, cnh quan cng ty sch s, iu kin lm vic ca cng nhn c m bo. Nht l cng tc phng chng chy n c thc hin rt tt.

bao cao thuc tap nhan thuc

Documents