bao cao tran quang tuan

Bao cao thc tp nha may nhit in Pha LaiLI M U

c phn cng thc tp nhn thc ti nh my nhit in Ph Li, trong thi gian hc hi ti y em tm hiu v nm c nhng iu c bn v hot ng ca nh my, t qu trnh sn xut in cho ti phn phi in nh cng ngh sn xut in, c tnh nng lng ca cc thit b chnh trong nh my, cc loi chi ph, . Trong thi gian thc tp ti nh my, c s quan tm ca cc cn b v nhn vin trong nh my v thy gio hng dn. n nay em hon thnh nhim v thc tp nhn thc theo ng yu cu nh trng v khoa ra. Trong bn bo co ny em ch tm tt, s lc nhng kin thc, hiu bit ca mnh trong thi gian hc tp ti nh my. Do thi gian c hn nn khng th trnh khi nhng sai st trong bi bo co ny, rt mong c s ch bo ca cc cn b nhn vin trong nh my v cc thy c gio bi bo co ny ca em c hon thin. Em xin trn thnh cm n! Ha ni thng 12 nm 2011 Sinh Vin

Electric Power University

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Bao cao thc tp nha may nhit in Pha Lai

CHNG I: TNG QUAN NHA MAY NHIT IN PHA LAI Cng ty C phn nhit in Ph Li tin thn l Nh my Nhit in Ph Li thuc Tng cng ty in lc Vit Nam, chuyn kinh doanh trong lnh vc in nng. Sn lng in trung bnh ca cng ty t xp x 6 t KWh/nm, chim khong 10% tng sn lng in trung bnh ca c nc v 40% sn lng in ton min Bc. Hin ti, Cng ty c phn Nhit in Ph Li l nh my nhit in chy than c cng sut ln nht c nc. Sn phm ch yu ca Cng ty l sn xut in nng, vi hai nh my sn xut in, gm 6 t my c cng sut 1.040 MW im thun li ng k trong hot ng sn xut ca Nhit in Ph Li l v v tr a l. Nm gn m than Vng Danh v Mo Kh nn Cng ty c iu kin nhp nguyn liu chi ph vn chuyn thp. Ngoi ra, Nh my Ph Li 1 trong nhng nm gn y thng xuyn c EVN u t kinh ph sa cha, ci to, nng cp thit b, nn d vn hnh khai thc 24 nm, nhng cc t my vn pht in n nh v kinh t mc 90-95% cng sut thit k, trong khi my mc thit b khu hao gn ht, nn chi ph sn xut gim. Nh my Ph Li 2 mi c u t mi vi cng ngh hin i, nng sut cao, ha hn kh nng hot ng n nh v hiu qu trong di hn. Cng ty d tnh li nhun sau thu hng nm s t t 300 n 500 t ng, vi mc c tc d kin tr cho c ng n nh l 12%/nm. Nm 2006, li nhun sau thu t trn 981 t ng, c tc tr cho c ng t 22%/nm v 5% c phiu thng. 1.1/ LICH S HINH THANH VA PHAT TRIN Cng ty c phn Nhit in Ph Li nm trn a phn Huyn - Ch Linh ,tnh Hi Dng, cch H Ni gn 60 Km v pha bc nm st ng 18 v t ngn sng Thi Bnh Cng ty c phn Nhit in Ph Li c xy dng lm hai giai on . Giai on I c khi cng xy dng vo thp k 80 do Lin X gip ta xy dng gm 4 t my. Mi t my 110 MW, c thit k vi s khi hai l mt my. T my s 1 ha li in quc gia ngy 28/10/1983; T my s 2 c a vo vn hnh thng 9/1984; T my s 3 c a vo vn hnh thng 12/1985; v hon thin t my s 4 vo 29/11/1986. Tng cng sut thit k l 440 Mw. Cng sut pht 90-105 MW/tm (t 82%-95%) Electric Power University Page 2

Bao cao thc tp nha may nhit in Pha LaiGiai on II (m rng) c khi cng xy dng vo thng 8/6/1998 trn mt bng cn li pha ng nh my, do cng ty Mit Su ca Nht Bn trng thu lm ch u t xy dng gm 2 t my. Mi t my 300 MW vi s mt l mt my.Tng cng sut thit k ca dy chuyn II l 600 MW.Cng sut pht 290-295 MW/tm (t 96%98%).T my s 1 c a vo vn hnh thng 10/2001 v t my s 2 c a vo vn hnh thng 5/2002. kp ha nhp vi nn kinh t th gii v ch trng i mi ca ng v nh nc, tng tnh lm ch ca ngi lao ng . oc s chp thun v ng h ca Tng Cng Ty in Lc Vit Nam . Nh My Nhit in Ph Li chnh thc i tn thnh Cng Ty C Phn Nhit in Ph Li ngy 26 thng 01 nm 2006. Ngun nhin liu chnh cp cho Cng ty l than t m than Mo Kh, Vng Danh, Ung B v, c vn chuyn v Cng ty bng ng sng v ng st. Sau khi a t my cui cng vo lm vic 14/03/2006 th kh nng Cng ty c th cung cp cho li in quc gia khong 7,2 t kwh/nm. Cng vi thu in Ho Bnh, Thc B, Nhit in Ung B v Nhit in Ninh Bnh, Cng ty Nhit in Ph Li cung cp cho h thng in Min Bc qua 6 ng dy 220 kV v 8 ng dy 110 kV, qua cc trm trung gian nh Ba La, Ph Ni, Trng Bch, ng Ho, ng Anh, Bc Giang. Ngoi ra Ph Li cn l mt trm phn phi in ln trong vic nhn in t thu in Ho Bnh v cung cp cho khu vc ng bc t quc ( Qung Ninh -Hi Phng). Nm 1994 vic xy dng ng dy truyn ti in 500 kV Bc-Nam, Cng ty Nhit in Ph Li ng vai tr quan trng th hai cung cp in cho h thng sau Thu in Ho Bnh. Cng Ty Nhit in Ph Li c t ng tm ca mt Cng ty nhit in ln nht T Quc. 1.2/ C CU T CHC CNG TY: M hnh cng ty nh sau: ai hi ng c ng Hi ng qun tr :05 ngi Ban kim soat : 03 ngi Ban gim c cng ty : 03 ngi Khi cc phng ban chuyn mn nhim v Cc phng ban nghip v v cc phn xng chu s ch o chung ca gim c cng ty. Vic iu hnh trc tip sn xut trong ca ca cng ty l trng ca vi nhim v Electric Power University Page 3

Bao cao thc tp nha may nhit in Pha Laichnh l iu phi v qun l thng qua 4 trng kp, chu s ch o trc tip ca Ph Gim c K Thut. C 04 trng kp l trng kp Vn hnh 1, trng kp in - Kim nhit, trng kp nhin liu, trng kp ha. Di cc trng kp l cc trc ban k thut. Cng ty Ph Li c nng lc qun l, sa cha v vn hnh tt. Nhng h hng thng gp, tiu tu, trung tu c cng ty m nhim. Khi i tu, cng ty thng phi hp vi cc cng ty khc nh Tng cng ty lp my LILAMA. Qua nhiu nm vn hnh, Cng ty khng c s c ch quan ln.

1.2.Tm hiu v cng ngh sn xut c tnh vn hnh ca nh my: a) Cc thng s k thut chung: + i vi dy truyn 1: -Tng cng sut t: 440 MW - S lng t my: 4 - Cng sut t mi t my: 110 MW; c lp t theo s khi kp, mt tua bin 2 l hi; - S lng tua bin: 4 - Loi K100-90-7 - S lng l hi: 8 - Loi KZ 220-120-10C - S my pht in: 4 - Loi TB 120 2T3 cng sut 120MW - Sn lng in pht ra mi nm: 2,86 t kWh Electric Power University Page 4

Bao cao thc tp nha may nhit in Pha Lai- Than cung cp cho Cng ty: Hn gai v Mo kh - Nhit tr than theo thit k: 5035 kcal/kg -Sut hao than tiu chun: 439g/kWh - Lng than thin nhin tiu th mi nm: 1,59 triu tn - Lng than thin nhin tiu th / gi: 252,8 T/h - Lu lng nc tun hon lm mt bnh ngng ( nhit thit k l 23oC): 16000 m3/h - T l in t dng: 10,5% - Hiu sut nh my: 32,5% - Hiu sut l hi: 86,06% - Hiu sut tua bin: 39,0% + i vi dy truyn 2: - Cng sut t: 2 t x 300 MW - Sn lng in pht: 3,414 t kWh - S lng l hi: 2 l do hng Mitsui Babcock (Vng quc Anh) - S lng tua bin: 02 do hng Genneral Electric (M) - S lng my pht: 02 do hng Genneral Electric (M) - Hiu sut l hi: 88,5% - Hiu sut tua bin: 45,1% - Hiu sut chung t my: 38,1% - in t dng: 7,2% - Than tiu th: 1,644 triu tn/nm - Nhit tr than: Nhit tr cao: 5080 kcal/kg Nhit tr thp: 4950 kcal/kg - Than s dng than Antraxit t m than hn gai, Cm Ph. b) Quy trnh sn xut in ca Cng ty c phn Nhit in Ph Li: Cng ty c phn Nhit in Ph Li c qu trnh sn xut lin tc 24/24 gi, quy trnh cng ngh c khi qut nh sau: - Than c a v t ng sng v ng st, c cho vo kho than nguyn hoc chuyn thng ln h thng nghin than bng h thng bng ti. - Than bt c phun vo l hi cng vi du bng cc ng phun. Trong l hi than v du c t chy lm nc bc hi v nng nhit hi nc ln nhit quy nh (hi qu nhit), t hi qu nhit c a sang lm quay tuabin v tuabin ko my pht in quay v pht ra in. - in c a vo trm in v ha vo li in Quc gia. Electric Power University Page 5

Bao cao thc tp nha may nhit in Pha Lai- Tuabin v my pht c lm mt bng hydro. - Nc c bm t trm bm tun hon, mt phn cung cp cho h thng x l nc v h thng in phn, nc cn li sau khi lm mt bnh ngng c a ra sng bng knh thi. S QUY TRNH CNG NGHThan nguyn H thng nghin than ng khi

Kho than bt Du FO H thng x l nc

Trm in

L hi

My pht Tua bin

Bnh ngng

Trm bm tun hon

Knh thi

c) Thng s k thut ca Tuabin, l hi, my pht: * Dy truyn 1: + Tua bin K-100-90-7: Tua bin hi kiu K100-90-7 l loi tua bin ngng hi thun tu, c cc ca trch hi khng iu chnh vi cng sut 110MW, tc quay l 3000 v/p, dng quay my pht in xoay chiu lp trn cng mt b mng vi tua bin. Tua bin c tnh ton lm vic vi cc thng s nh mc sau: - p lc tuyt i ca hi mi trc van Stop : 90kG/cm2 - Nhit ca hi mi trc van Stop : 5350C - Lu lng nc lm mt i qua bnh ngng: 16000 m3/h - Nhit tnh ton nc lm mt trc bnh ngng: 230C - chn khng theo tnh ton : 0,062 ata + L hi: L hi KZ 220-110-10C l loi l hi c mt bao hi, ng nc tun hon t nhin v thi x kh dng t than Vit nam dng bt Electric Power University Page 6

Bao cao thc tp nha may nhit in Pha LaiL c tnh ton lm vic vi cc thng s nh mc sau: - Nng sut hi : 220T/h - p lc trong bao hi: 114 kG/ cm2 - p lc hi sau l: 100kG/cm2 - Nhit nc cp : 2300C - Hiu sut th ca l: 86,05% - Nhit hi qu nhit : 5400C + Nhit hi bo ha : 3190C + Nhit ng khi ngang : 4500C + Nhit khi thot : 130oC - Nhit nc cp : 2300C + Nc gim n cp 1 : 10 T/h + Nc gim n cp 2 : 4,4 T/h + Hiu sut l : 86,05% - chnh nhit cho php trong l hi : -100C< t 4000C + Thi gian dng l t 6 10 gi Khi khi ng t trng thi nng mt 1 gi + Nhit max > 4000C + Thi gian dng l t 1 2 gi 3. ng c tinh cua tuabin: ng c tinh nng lng cua tuabin c xy dng da trn cac c tuyn kinh t ky thut thc t cua Tuabin sau khi tin hanh thc nghim va hiu chinh. Thng s c tuyn kinh t ky thut Tuabin dy chuyn 1 Cng sut (Kw) 40 50 Hiu sut tua bin ng (%) 33.9 35.75 Hiu sut tua bin h (%) 32.76 34.77 qo ng (Kcal/Kwh) 2536 2405 qo h (Kcal/Kwh) 2625 2473 60 36.87 35.95 2332 2392 70 37.58 36.75 2288 2340 80 38.26 37.54 2248 2290 90 38.72 38.03 2221 2261 100 110 38.71 38.7 38.61 37.99 2222 2222 2262 2263.5


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2.2. c tinh nng lng cua lo hi (s l my, nhng thng s c bn, c im cu to bn th l, ng c tnh tiu hao nng lng) 2.2.1Cu to l hi : L hi l loi l BKZ-220-100-10C l loi l hi mt bao hi ng nc ng tun hon t nhin. L t than dng bt thi x kh, b cc hnh ch . L c thit k t than m Mo Kh. Bung t chnh ca l kiu h c cu to bi cc gin ng sinh hi l trung tm bung la v phn ng khi ln, phn ng khi ngang c b tr cc b qu nhit, phn ng khi i xung c b tr xen k cc b hm nc v b sy khng kh. Kt cu bung t t cc ng hn sn cc gin ng sinh hi vch trc v vch sau pha di to thnh mt nghing phu lnh vi gc nghing 500, pha trn ca bung t cc gin ng sinh hi ca vch sau sau to thnh phn li kh ng hc (dn ng feston). Bung t c b tr 4 vi t than chnh kiu xoy c hai vch bn, mi vch hai vi cao khc nhau (9850mm v 12700mm), bn vi phun ma dt c b tr cng vi t chnh (Nng sut 2000kg/vi/gi). Bn vi phun gi cp 3 c b tr 4 gc l cao 14100mm. to thun li cho qu trnh chy, cc ng sinh hi vng vi t chnh c p mt lp va cch nhit c bit to thnh ai t. S tun hon Electric Power University Page 41

Bao cao thc tp nha may nhit in Pha Laica l phn chia theo cc gin ng thnh 14 vng tun hon nh c lp nhm tng tin cy ca qu trnh tun hon. X phu lnh c a ra ngoi nh vt x sau c p x nghin nh a xung mng v c dng nc tng i ra trm thi x. L c b tr hai van an ton ly xung t bao hi v ng gp ra ca b qu nhit. lm sch b mt t (dn ng sinh hi) c b tr cc my thi bi.

* Nguyn l lm vic: Hi t bao hi (hi bo ho) i vo b qu nhit. B qu nhit c tc dng gia nhit cho hi to thnh hi qu nhit. Trong b phn ny c t xen k cc b gim n to cho hi qu nhit c thng s n nh (nhit 5400C, p sut 100 ata). Hi qu nhit i qua van Stop sau c phn phi vo tuabin qua h thng 4 van iu chnh. Hi vo tuabin c thng s 5350C, p sut 90ata. Sau khi sinh cng trong tuabin cao p hi i vo tuabin h p qua hai ng. Tuabin h p c cu to loe v 2 pha. Hi sau khi gin n sinh cng xong hi c dn v bnh ngng Hi v bnh ngng phi m bo thng s hi l 540C, p sut 0,062ata.


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Bao cao thc tp nha may nhit in Pha LaiSau khi qua bnh ngng hi bin hon ton thnh nc. Nc ny s c h thng 2 bm ngng to p lc bm vo ng ng nc sch. Nc i qua b gia nhit hi chn C50 tn dng nhit ca hi chn. Sau nc c gia nhit bi 5 b gia nhit h p. Khi qua gia nhit h p nc i vo i kh kh kh ht lng kh ln vo trong nc v qua 3 bm cp i vo gia nhit cao p. Sau khi i qua 3 b gia nhit cao p nc vo i cp nc v ti bnh ngng ph. Sau nc c phun vo bao hi theo chiu t trn xung ra hi. Sau khi vo bao hi nc theo ng nc xung v bin thnh hi trong ng ng sinh hi ln bao hi qua cc phin lc , hi ln b qu nhit to thnh mt chu trnh khp kn. 2.2.2 c tinh lo hi: Tng t nh tuabin ng c tinh nng lng cua lo hi c xy dng da trn cac c tuyn kinh t ky thut thc t cua lo hi sau khi tin hanh thc nghim va hiu chinh Hiu sut va sut tiu hao lo hi dy chuyn 1Sn lng nhit l 90 Hiu sut l 1A 84.64 Hiu sut l 1B 83.179 sut tiu hao than 1A 0.1688 sut tiu hao than 1B 0.1717 95 85.16 83.328 0.1677 0.171 100 85.47 83.628 0.167 0.1704 105 85.59 83.96 0.1669 0.1701 110 85.626 83.79 0.1668 0.1705 115 85.5 83.39 0.167 0.1713 120 84.97 82.54 0.168 0.1713 125 83.99 82.53 0.17 0.1713


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c tuyn phn phi phu tai lo hi dy chuyn 1


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Bao cao thc tp nha may nhit in Pha Lai2.3/ THIT LP CN BNG NNG LNG TRONG NHA MAY 2.4/ THIT LP BAI TOAN VN HANH KINH T TRONG NHA MAY NHIT IN PHA LAI


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CHNG III: VN HANH KINH T NHA MAY NHIT IN TRONG IU KIN THI TRNG IN Hin nay cc doanh nghip truyn ti - phn phi kinh doanh in u do Tp on in lc Vit Nam (EVN) qun l. Cn khu pht in th mc d v ang thc hin c phn ho v ku gi cc lnh vc u t khc nhng n nay EVN vn cn chim khong trn 70%. iu ny dn n tnh trng cha to c c ch iu tit r rng, minh bch trong sn xut kinh doanh nhm chng c quyn, chng li s lng on th trng v nhng hnh vi cnh tranh khng lnh mnh trn th trng in. T 1/7/2005, EVN trin khai th im th trng pht in cnh tranh ni b vi 8 n v pht in tham gia l cc nh my nhit in Ph Li, Ung B, Ninh Bnh, cc nh my thu in Thc B, Thc M, a Nhim, Hm Thun-a Mi, B Ra, Vnh SnSng Hinh. Trung tm iu in quc gia (Ao) l n v vn hnh, EVN lm nhim v qun l th trng in ni b. y l th trng in ngy ti, gi mua bn in trong nm l c nh. Cn c vo cc bn cho ca cc n v tham gia th trng v cc thng tin lin quan khc, Ao lp phng thc ngy v cng b lch huy ng cho cc n v pht in. Sau gn mt nm hot ng, n nay, th trng in ni b gip Ao v cc nh my lm quen vi cc hot ng ca th trng nh cho gi, tnh ton, cng b, trao i thng tin. Tuy nhin, theo cc chuyn gia th th trng in cnh tranh ni b vn cn nhiu tn ti nh: cha th hin r du hiu cnh tranh, cha to c ng lc cc nh my nng cao hiu qu sn xut, kinh doanh. Nguyn nhn l nh my cho gi nhng khng c thanh ton theo th trng m vn thanh ton theo gi t ra hng nm ca Ao. Trong iu kin thiu in, thiu nc hin nay, mt s nh my thu in thc hin lch huy ng khng hon ton da trn c s cho gi m theo s iu tit ca Ao. Mt khc, cc nh my in c lp (IPP) khng tham gia th trng nhng khi iu vn phi da trn cc ni dung trong hp ng. Trong khi cc hp ng k kt gia EVN v cc IPP li da trn s tho thun gia 2 bn, c hp ng bao tiu sn lng, c hp ng khng bao tiu, hp ng k gi Electric Power University Page 46

Bao cao thc tp nha may nhit in Pha Laiton phn, hp ng k gi cng sut, gi in nng iu cng gy kh khn trong iu v thit k th trng. Ngoi ra, hin nay th trng in ni b c vn hnh ch vi Quy nh th trng pht in cnh tranh ni b EVN v Quy nh tm thi phi hp vn hnh th trng in ni b. Vic thiu cc vn bn php l cho vn hnh th trng in l mt nguyn nhn quan trng dn n khng th trin khai lp lch iu theo gi cho v thanh ton theo gi th trng. V iu quan trng l thc t hin nay ngun d phng hu nh khng c, in thiu trm trng nn EVN khng c iu kin la chn. V vy, tnh cnh tranh hu nh khng c. Mt khc, theo cc chuyn gia th kh khn ln nht i vi th trng in cnh tranh l Chnh ph vn ang iu tit gi in nn cha to ra s cnh tranh thc s, v vy khng hp dn cc nh u t. Vi vai tr l doanh nghip nh nc, EVN va phi m bo yu t li nhun trong kinh doanh, va phi lm nhim v iu tit in cho c nc do Chnh ph giao. Vic tch cc hot ng cng ch ra khi sn xut kinh doanh cha kh thi bi cha c c ch cng ch v qu cng ch cho ngnh in. C ch mua bn in gia Cty mua bn in v cc Cty c phn in lc cng cha c xy dng mt cch tch bch nn cha m bo tnh minh bch trn th trng, v vy cha c c s hp dn cc nh u t vn vo cc d n in. Hin nay, cc c quan chc nng ang khn trng hon thin cc vn bn php l, son tho n thit k th trng pht in cnh tranh th im i vo hot ng nm 2009. Theo tnh ton t EVN, nu nm 2008 cc d n in a vo hot ng ng tin th ngnh in s c cng sut d phng. iu s to thun li cho hot ng ca th trng pht in cnh tranh. Tuy nhin, vic xy dng thit k mt th trng hp l vn ang gp nhiu kh khn. Theo d tho m hnh th trng in ang c xy dng, nhng nh my khng trc tip tham gia th trng in s thng qua t cng tc c bit cho gi thay, t cng tc ny bc u s trc thuc c quan mua bn in hoc Ao, sau s tch ra. Tuy nhin, nhiu kin cho rng nu tnh trng va bng va thi ci nh th s khng ci thin c vn c quyn. iu s nh hng n vic xy dng pht trin th trng in lc cnh tranh mt cch n nh.


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Bao cao thc tp nha may nhit in Pha LaiTheo Cc iu tit in lc (ERAV) th t cng tc ny phi thc s c lp bo m tnh minh bch trn th trng. Cc nh t vn quc t cng cho rng, trong qu trnh pht trin th trng in, Vit Nam cn c mt c quan iu tit c lp v phi li nhun m bo cn bng li ch gia nh sn xut v ngi tiu dng in. Km theo l mi trng qun l iu tit n nh, c s h tng truyn ti hon thin. Ch khi , th trng in mi thc s hot ng minh bch, cnh tranh lnh mnh, m bo c quyn li ca nh sn xut v ngi tiu dng. S sn sng ca Nh my tham gia vo th trng in Ti hi tho v c s h tng thng tin phc v th trng in (TT) ti Vit Nam do Tp on in lc Vit Nam (EVN) t chc trong thng 7-2010, T vn Savu C.Savulescu ca Cty ECI cho bit, EVN cn trin khai ngay gii php tip cn nhanh h thng cng ngh thng tin (CNTT) phc v TT ti Vit Nam v chi ph s b cho gii php ny s vo khong 32 triu USD, gm c h thng giao din th trng cho cc n v pht in. Ph Tng Gim c EVN Nguyn Mnh Hng cho rng, TT Vit Nam mun vn hnh c trc tin phi xy dng cc quy nh v TT m Quyt nh 6713/QBCT ngy 31-12-2009 v Thng t 18/TT-BCT ca B Cng Thng ban hnh ngy 105-2010 quy nh vn hnh th trng pht in cnh tranh l mt v d. D kin n cui nm nay cc quy nh v TT s c hon thin. Bn cnh , mt trong nhng iu kin tin quyt xy dng v pht trin TT ti Vit Nam l phi c c s h tng CNTT ng b p ng cc giao dch ca th trng, m bo tnh minh bch, tin cy cao. Vi gii php tip cn nhanh nh T vn quc t a ra, EVN quyt tm n qu III-2011 s c c s h thng CNTT phc v vn hnh TT, rt ngn c 2,5 nm so vi d kin. Theo Ph Tng Gim c EVN Nguyn Mnh Hng, thc cht c s h tng TT c EVN nghin cu v pht trin mc n gin phc v cho c ch gi hch ton ni b EVN t nm 2005 v TT ni b EVN t nm 2007 c B Cng Thng ph duyt. Bn cnh , EVN cng u t h thng qun l th trng Vietpool, h thng thu nhp v x l d liu o m thanh ton; ang trin khai hai d n: nng cp SCADA/EMS mi (H thng thu thp d liu, iu khin v gim st h thng/H thng qun l nng lng) ti Trung tm iu h thng in quc gia v d n b sung cc thit b u cui (RTU), lm tin cho vic xy dng h thng CNTT cho th trng pht in cnh tranh chnh thc sau ny.


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Bao cao thc tp nha may nhit in Pha LaiHin ti, h thng in c iu v vn hnh da trn kinh nghim c th khin cho Trung tm iu h thng in quc gia (Ao) khng th s dng cc chin lc vn hnh kinh t ti u hoc d bo tt v an ninh h thng in. Mt khc, do h thng in ngy cng pht trin, s lng nh my ngy cng ln, vn vn hnh v phi hp cc nh my thy in trong h thng, cc nh my thy in trn cng mt dng sng v c ch phi hp thy nhit in, Ao cn c cc cng c tnh ton k hoch vn hnh ti u h thng trong di hn, trung hn v ngn hn theo quy nh ca th trng pht in cnh tranh. Ngoi ra, do thiu cc phng tin thng tin cn thit nn hn ch ln nht ca Tng Cty Truyn ti in quc gia l khng th cung cp thng tin v li truyn ti cn thit cho n v vn hnh TT v h thng in lp k hoch vn hnh, phng thc huy ng ngy ti, gi ti theo quy nh ca th trng. Trong khi , Cty Mua bn in l n v thc hin chc nng ca n v mua duy nht trong th trng c gi tr thanh ton hng thng cho cc nh my in ln ti gn 4.000 t VND nhng hin nay Cty ny khng c cng c no gim st v kim tra liu cc nh my vn hnh kinh t hay cha. Theo c ch hin hnh, nu vic vn hnh h thng in khng kinh t hoc c sai st trong thanh ton, d ch 1% cng gy ra tn tht c 40 t VND hng thng. Trc thc t ny, gn y nht, trong cuc hp do Ph Th tng Hong Trung Hi ch tr ngy 25-5-2010, Ph Th tng yu cu EVN phi hon thnh h tng c s phc v TT chm nht vo qu I-2011. p ng c mc tiu ny, ngha l ch trong vng cha y mt nm, cc cng vic dnh cho thit k, trin khai thc hin v th nghim h thng phi p ng c yu cu s dng tm thi nhm phc v tt cho vic bt u khi ng th trng pht in cnh tranh hon chnh trong khi vn p ng c mc tiu di hn. Theo nguyn tc hot ng ca TT, tt c cc Cty pht in s hu cc nh my in c tng cng sut ln hn 30MW bt buc phi tham gia th trng pht in cnh tranh. n v vn hnh TT v h thng in ng vai tr l nh cung cp dch v vn hnh th trng v chu trch nhim lp phng thc v iu th trng nng lng v dch v ph. Vic tham gia bt buc trn th trng pht in cnh tranh gia cc Cty pht in cng khc nhau. C th, cc Cty pht in theo c ch hp ng mu ca th trng pht in cnh tranh trc tip tham gia TT bng vic cho gi cho phn in nng u ra trn th trng. Mt khc, cc nh my in BOT hin hnh v cc nh my thy in a mc tiu khng trc tip tham gia th trng, Cty mua bn in s cho gi cho cc nh my Electric Power University Page 49

Bao cao thc tp nha may nhit in Pha Laiin BOT v n v vn hnh TT v h thng in s cng b sn lng hng gi cho cc nh my thy in chin lc a mc tiu. Trong nm u tin trin khai TT, t trng in nng bn qua hp ng mua bn in c t mc 90-95% tng in nng Cty pht in sn xut ra, phn cn li c bn qua th trng giao ngay. T trng bn qua hp ng mua bn in s gim dn trong cc nm tip theo nhm tng tnh cnh tranh trong khu pht in nng nhng khng c nh hn 60%. Theo Lut in lc v Quyt nh 26/2006/Q-TTg ngy 26-1-2006 ca Th tng Chnh ph v L trnh pht trin TT, giai on 2006-2014 l m hnh th trng pht in cnh tranh; t 2015-2022 l m hnh th trng bn bun cnh tranh v sau 2022 l m hnh bn l cnh tranh.


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KT LUN Vai tro cua nha may nhit in Pha Lai la v cung quan trong i vi h thng li in quc gia. Nha may ong vai tro quan trong trong nn kinh t quc dn. Nhit in Pha Lai tuy trai qua thi gian lam vic va mc tng mc s dung nng lng tng nhanh chong do vic phat trin cua nn Vit Nam. Nhng no vn ap ng nhu cu in nng cho Min Bc. Qua t thc tp nay se giup cho em, hiu thm v dy chuyn san xut cua nha may, ch lam vic, c tinh ky thut va quy trinh vn hanh cua nha may. ng thi giup cho em hiu c s t chc san xut va cac chi tiu kinh t ky thut cua nha may, cung nh cac bin phap an toan khi lam vic trong cac vi tri khac nhau trong nha may.y la dip tt sinh vin co nhng kin thc thc tin cn thit. Xin chn thanh cam n thy c cung nh can b nha may nhit in Pha Lai a tao iu kin.


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