baroque world. new spirit 1600s roman catholic church counter-reformation baroque
TRANSCRIPT
Baroque World
New Spirit
• 1600s
• Roman Catholic Church
• Counter-Reformation
• Baroque
Baroque
• French and Portuguese roots
• Affect all of Europe
• Cultural achievement– Music– Art– Architecture– Variety
General Characteristics
• Strong emotional statements
• Psychology of Exploration
• Invention of new and daring techniques
Baroque Examples
Visual Arts
Michelangelo Merisi, or Carravaggio (1573-1610)
• Controversial in own lifetime
• Drastically different style
Examples
The Calling of St. Matthew, 1597-1603
Detail
Artemisia Gentileschi
• 1597-1651
• 1612 – Tassi Trial
• Great renown in her own lifetime
• Dialog with artists of the day
Gentileschi, Judith and Holofernes, c.1620
Comparison
Sculpture and Architecture
Bernini, St. Teresa in Ecstasy, 1645-52
Detail
Baroque in France
Académie des Beaux Arts
• 1st exhibition 1667
• Standards and values
• Prizes offered
Nicolas Poussin
• C.1594-1665
• Reject Caravaggio’s style
• Work was a protest
• Nostalgia in art
Poussin, Et in Arcadia Ego, c.1630
Comparison
Hyacinthe Rigaud (1659-1743)
• Popular & respected
• Louis XIV, 1701– Parody?– Extravagant
lifestyle– Baroque ideal in
France
Palace of Versailles
• Famous palace of the French kings
• Chief architects– Louis Le Vau – François d'Orbay
• Architecture with an agenda
Versailles
Sun King
Hall of Mirrors
Gardens
Spanish Baroque
El Greco
• 1541-1614
• Domeniko Theotokopoulos
• Contrast in work
Diego Velázquez
• (1599-1660)
• Combines elements of French & Italian Baroque
• Subject matter is diverse
Velázquez, Las Meninas, 1656
Baroque Art in Northern Europe
Peter Paul Rubens
• 1577-1640
• Universal painter
• Active
• Contented personal life
Rubens, Rape of the Daughters of Leucippus, c.1618
Vermeer
• (1632-1675)
• Art forgotten until 19th century
• Inner depth of feeling prominent
• Details
A Lady Drinking and a Gentleman
Details
Rembrandt van Rijin
• 1606-1666
• 1642 – artistic turning point
• Famous for self portraits
• Biblical subjects at end of life
The Night Watchmen
Self Portraits
Music
Key Points
• Familiarity & wide appeal
• Pleasure for listener
• Flexibility of style
Opera
• Universal appeal
• Starts in Florence
• Conceived intellectually– Camerata
Two women
Male and female
Opera
• Universal appeal
• Starts in Florence
• Conceived intellectually– Camerata
Two women
Male and female
Euridice
• Earliest extant opera
• Jacopo Peri
• Performed at the wedding of Henry IV & Marie de Medici
• Based on a classical myth
Claudio Monteverdi
• 1567-1643
• L’Orfero– 1st popular opera
• Sets the standard for later operas
Growth of the Opera
• Italy primary but will spread throughout Europe
• Melodrama & Sensation
• Lavish spectacles
• Arias, Oratorio, SonataAria
Oratorio
Growth of the Opera
• Italy primary but will spread throughout Europe
• Melodrama & Sensation
• Lavish spectacles
• Arias, Oratorio, SonataAria
Oratorio
George Frederick Handel
• 1685-1759
• Messiah (1742)
Johann Sebastian Bach
• 1685-1750
• Devout Lutheran
• Intellectual and spiritual
• Large quantity of music left behind
• Virtually unknown in his own lifetime
Johann Sebastian Bach
• 1685-1750
• Devout Lutheran
• Intellectual and spiritual
• Large quantity of music left behind
• Virtually unknown in his own lifetime
Literature in the Baroque Period
Miguel de Cervantes
• 1547-1616
• Don Quixote – 1605– First modern novel– Comic satire
King James Bible
• 1611
• “Biblical Style”
• Hugely influential
Philosophy & Science in the Baroque Period
Galileo Galilee
• 1564-1642
• Changed the world in 2 ways– Proved Copernicus
right– Founder of modern
physics
René Descartes
• 1596-1650
• Father of Modern Philosophy
• Discourse on Methods (1637)
• Meditations (1641)
Thomas Hobbes
• 1588-1679
• Different thinker
• Politics rather than philosophy
• Leviathan– Shocks everyone
John Locke
• 1632-1704
• Paves way for Enlightenment
• “An Essay Concerning Human Understanding”– Blank slate