barriers to the delivery of sustainable transport solutions final workshop of the distillate...
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Barriers to the Delivery of Sustainable Transport Solutions
Final workshop of the DISTILLATE programmeGreat Minster House, LondonTuesday 22nd January 2008
Professor Angela Hull Heriot Watt University Edinburgh
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Research Objectives and Methods• Objectives: data collection and analysis on:
- Organisational structure & internal processes- Engaging and interacting with stakeholders- Barriers, practices & processes- Use of policy instruments & appraisal techniques
• Three ‘qualitative’ surveys:– Questionnaire survey of transport planners in 16 authorities Oct
2004– 29 interviews 2005-06: national experts; local authority land use
planners, transport planners, environmental strategy officers, public health officers, corporate strategy officers in 5 authorities
– Re-survey of 16 authorities August 2007
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Questionnaire Surveys: importance; satisfaction/ scope for improvements; difficulties; remedies
Self-completion questionnaire:
• 2004 - 23 open-ended Qs, 37 tick-box style questions. 98% response rate
• 2007 - 12 open-ended Qs, 31 tick-box Qs. 50% response rate
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2004 - Problematic Stages in the Decision-making process
…different experiences of barriers in the process
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Challenges in 2004 to using
policy instruments
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‘External’ challenges
Net rating of ‘barriers’ faced in local transport delivery
Skills shortages
Political short-termism
National policy contradictions
Financial constraints in delivery process
Lack of local rail control
Legal issues
Lack of infrastructure funding
Engineering
Public acceptability
Land use planning
Rail industry costs and risk aversion
Private sector transport operations
Subsidies for scheme operation
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2004 – Ranking &Prioritisation of Stakeholders
Stakeholders ‘Seriousness
Score'
Transport operators 0.55 Business 0.52
Public 0.51 Elected Members 0.51
DfT 0.49 Other public services 0.47
LSP 0.47 SRA 0.46
Other parts of authority 0.46 Regional Assembly 0.40 Highways Agency 0.39 Government Office 0.36
RDA 0.36 N'bouring Members 0.32
Neighbouring Officers 0.32
ODPM 0.30 Consultants 0.23
Engagement of operators with LTP delivery
Representation and inclusiveness, use of responses
Local priorities, disintegration at national level
Difficulties with delivery, inc. some two-way problems in coordination and delivery
Clarity of relationship with DfT, poor understanding of strategic transport interventions, unrealistic reporting requirements
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Scope for Improvement >
< L
evel
of
Imp
ort
ance
Different staff
TimingStakeholder procedures
Objectives
Political
Physical location
Divided responsibilities
No formal arrangements
Lack of gov. guidance
Organ/Man. Structure
Time and resources
Intra-Authority Barriers
Intra-Authority Barriers to Delivering Sustainable Transport Systems in 2004
Time and Time and resourcesresources
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Cross sector working on policy instruments Health Land-use Environment Transport Corporate
Strategy
Demand restraint (e.g. parking controls/ congestion charges)
Information provision Land use measures (inc. regeneration)
Light Rapid Transit (LRT) New road infrastructure (inc. bridges)
New/ enhanced bus services and community transport
Public transport fares Soft measures (e.g. awareness schemes, travel planning)
Traffic management Walking and cycling provision
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Ways of working: getting the public health agenda into the transport plan
Public Health Leadership Group
Director of Public Health
T'port & Green Space Worker
The Council
Director of Transport
Department
Planning Policy
Transport engineers
PTE LTP
Conurbation-wide Directors of Public Health Group
Annual Public Health Report
LSPGroups
Development Control
Public Health Leadership Group
Director of Public Health
T'port & Green Space Worker
The Council
Director of Transport
Department
Planning Policy
Transport engineers
PTE LTP
Conurbation-wide Directors of Public Health Group
Annual Public Health Report
LSPGroups
Development Control
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Incorporating the environmental agenda into the transport plan
Transport
Air Quality Management Team
Travel Planning Officer
Car Clubs Officer
Car Clubs Officer
DfT
Executive LTP Group
Land-use planners
LSP
LSP Environment Group
Air pollution
WG
Shared priority
WG
Shared priority
WG
Shared priority
WG
Air Quality Partnership
PCT Area
Panels/ Forums
websites
Public and media
Private sector
DEFRA
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2007 Questionnaire Survey
What the questionnaire is designed to measure:
The ‘beliefs’ of our Local Authority partners on what has changed since 2004:
a) The use of tools: indicators, option generation and appraisal, modelling, funding
b) How the process of delivering transport strategies and schemes has changed [national regional local]
c) Changes within local authorities
Test the appropriateness and targeting of the DISTILLATE Products
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Very Important Stakeholders
2004 2007 1 DfT 1 Elected members (own authority) 2 Elected members (own authority) 2 Transport operators GOR 3 DfT 4 Officers (other depts in authority) 4 Business interests Transport operators Elected members (neighbouring
authorities) 6 The public Other public services (health, educ, etc) 7 RTB The public Business interests 8 RTB 9 LSP RDA Officers (other depts in authority)
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Transport Planners’ satisfaction with stakeholder engagement 2004 2007
1 GOR 1 Transport operators 2 Consultants 2 RDA 3 Officers (neighbouring authorities) GOR Elected members (own authority) Elected members (own authority) DfT Highways Agency 11 Transport operators 11 LSP RDA RTB Other public services (health, educ) Other public services (health, educ) Elected members (neighbouring
authorities 14 Officers (neighbouring authorities)
Highways Agency Business interests 16 Regional Assembly 17 Elected members (neighbouring
authorities) 17 Business interests 18 DCLG
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Important Factors in Problem/ Opportunity Identification
2004 2007 1 Opinions elected members (own
authority) 1 Internal officer strategic review
National government objectives 2 Opinions of elected members (own authority)
3 Internal officer strategic review 3 Local consultative forums 7 Interaction with regional level
decision making bodies 10 Health and education service providers
Monitoring programmes 11 Technical officers (neighbouring authorities)
Local consultative forums Elected members (neighbouring authorities)
10 Public/ lobby group consultation 13 Community strategy /LAA 11 Media comment 14 Media comment
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Hindrances (all of the time/ often) in Integrated Planning and Decision Making
2004 2007 1 Pressures on staff time 1 Pressures on staff time 2 Different timing of writing/
publishing plans 2 Different timing of writing/ publishing
plans 3 Different physical locations of
departments 3 Different stakeholder engagement
procedures/ timing Division of responsibility for
implementing different aspects of the delivery process
4 Different objectives between departments
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Factors that could be improved within the authority in the delivery of transport strategies and schemes
2004 2007 1 Pressure on time and resources 1 Pressure on time and resources 2 Lack of guidance on integration
from central government 2 Division of responsibility for
implementing different aspects of the delivery process
Different physical location of departments
Different timing of writing/ publishing plans
Different timing of writing/ publishing plans
4 Different stakeholder engagement procedures/ timing
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External Barriers to the delivery of a sustainable transport system
2004 2007 1 Lack of funding for operational
subsidies 1 Public acceptability of congestion
charging 2 Public acceptability Lack of funding for operational
subsidies Nature of privatised/ commercial
local transport operators 3 Financial constraints
Lack of funding for infrastructure development
4 Lack of funding for infrastructure development
5 Contradictions within national policy objectives
5 Short-termism in political decision making
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Importance of Policy Instruments
2004 2007 1 New/ enhanced bus services 1 Demand restraint – parking controls Land use measures 2 New/ enhanced bus services 3 Demand restraints 3 Public transport fares 4 Light Rapid Transit Walking and cycling provision Information provision Light Rapid Transit Traffic management Land use measures Low levels of satisfaction in the ability to use these policy instruments, except for:
2004: Information provision2007: Awareness raising; Travel planning; New road infrastructure; Information provision
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Importance of modelling policy instruments
2004 2007 1 Land use measures 1 New/ enhanced bus services 2 New road infrastructure 2 New road infrastructure Light Rapid Transit Land use measures 4 Traffic management 4 Traffic management New/enhanced bus services Soft measures
Low levels of satisfaction with modelling in both surveys, except for:
2004: LRT; Traffic management; New road infrastructure
2007: New road infrastructure; Traffic management. Lower levels of dissatisfaction.
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Importance of Indicators for assessing small/ medium transport schemes
2004 2007 1 Cost of construction 1 Cost of construction Accidents 2 Accessibility 3 Accessibility 3 Public transport patronage 4 Traffic levels Operating cost 5 Quality of street environment 5 Traffic levels Public transport patronage Accidents Local economic activity 15 Carbon dioxide emissions Land take 16 Biodiversity Heritage 17 Carbon dioxide emissions Distribution of benefits across society Heritage 19 Health (excluding accidents) Noise levels Noise levels 21 Water pollution from transport 21 Water pollution from transport
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Importance of Indicators for assessing the impact of major transport schemes
2004 2007 1 Accidents 1 Cost of construction 2 Cost of construction 2 Accessibility Accessibility 3 Public transport patronage 4 Traffic levels Operating cost 18 Carbon dioxide emissions 18 Health (excluding accidents) Heritage Noise levels Noise levels 20 Water pollution from transport 21 Water pollution from transport 21 Biodiversity
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QUESTIONS?
For further info Contact
Angela Hull
School of the Built Environment
Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh
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Break-out Sessions after the Coffee Break
• Development of Strategies
– Chair: Tony May
• Development of Schemes
– Chair: Neil Paulley
• Financing and Institutional Management
– Chair: Angela Hull