basic chemistry chapter 2-2. inert elements atoms are stable (inert) when the outermost shell is...
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Inert Elements Atoms are stable (inert) when the outermost shell is complete Atoms will gain, lose, or share electrons to complete their outermost orbitals and reach a stable stateTRANSCRIPT
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Basic ChemistryCHAPTER 2-2
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Inert Elements
Atoms are stable (inert) when the outermost shell is complete
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Inert Elements
Atoms are stable (inert) when the outermost shell is complete
Atoms will gain, lose, or share electrons to complete their outermost orbitals and reach a stable state
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Inert Elements
Atoms are stable (inert) when the outermost shell is complete
Atoms will gain, lose, or share electrons to complete their outermost orbitals and reach a stable state
Atoms are considered stable when their outermost orbital has 8 electrons (With exception to the first shell
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Inert Elements
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Reactive ElementsValence shells are not full and are unstable
Tend to gain, lose, or share electronsAllow for bond formation, which produces stable
valence
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Molecules and Compounds
Molecule: Two or more like atoms combined chemically
Compound: Two or more different atoms combined chemically
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What are chemical reactions?What do you remember?
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What are chemical reactions?
Atoms are united by chemical bonds
OR
Atoms dissociate from other atoms when chemical bonds are broken
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Chemical Bonds
Ionic vs. Covalent
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fHGSSV466Gk
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Ionic Bonds
Form when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another
IonsCharged particles
Anions - negativeCations - positiveEither donate or accept electrons
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Ionic Bonds
+ –
Sodium atom (Na)(11p+; 12n0; 11e–)
Chlorine atom (Cl)(17p+; 18n0; 17e–)
Sodium ion (Na+) Chloride ion (Cl–)
Sodium chloride (NaCl)
ClNaClNa
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Covalent Bonds
Atoms become stable through shared electrons
Single covalent bonds share one pair of electrons
Double covalent bonds share two pairs of electrons
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Covalent Bonds - Example
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Covalent Bonds - Example
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Covalent Bonds - Example
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Polarity
Covalently bonded molecules
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Polarity
Some are non-polarElectrically neutral
as a molecule
Some are polarHave a positive and
negative side
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Polarity
https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/molecule-polarity
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Hydrogen bonds
Weak chemical bonds
Hydrogen is attracted to the negative portion of polar molecule
Provides attraction between molecules
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Hydrogen bonds
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Adhesion and Cohesion