BASIC COMMUNICATION OF

PUBLIC RELATIONS

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COMMUNICATION

• Harold Laswell (dalam Berger & Chaffe, 1987):

Who? Says what? In what channel? To Whom? With what effect?

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• De Vito (1995):

Interpersonal communication is communication that takes place between two person who have an establish relationship; people who are in some way ‘connected’

THE BASIC FORM OF COMMUNICATION

• Nonverbal communication

• Verbal communication

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Nonverbal Communication

• Nonverbal communication is the process of communicating without words

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• Nonverbal communication has view rules and often occurs unconsciously

• Action speak lauder than words

The Important of

Nonverbal Communication

• Nonverbal communication is more reliable and more efficient than verbal communication

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communication

• People use nonverbal signals to support and clarify verbal communication

The Types of

Nonverbal Communication

• Facial expressions and eye behavior

• Gestures and postures

• Vocal characteristics

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• Vocal characteristics

• Personal appearance

• Touching behavior

• Use of time and space

Means:

• The face and eyes command particular attention as a source of nonverbal messages

• Body language and tone of voice reveal a lot about a person’s emotions and attitudes

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• Physical appearance and personal style contribute to our identity

• Use of touch, attitude toward time, and use of space (all of which are affected by culture) help establish social relationship

Important!

• Nonverbal communication can be different for men and women

• Improve nonverbal skills by paying more

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• Improve nonverbal skills by paying more attention to cues

Verbal Communication

• Verbal communication is the process of communicating with words

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• Language is composed of words and grammar

Speaking and Writing

• Businesspeople rely more heavily on oral than on written communication channels for sharing information on a day-to-day basis, but they often put important

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basis, but they often put important messages in writing

Listening and Reading

• People receiving messages by listening and reading

• People spend more time receiving messages than transmitting it

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than transmitting it

• Effective business communication depends on skill in receiving messages as well as in sending them

• To absorb information people must concentrate, evaluate, and retain what they read or hear

THE PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION

• The communication process consists of six phase linking sender and receiver

1

Sender

6

Receiver &

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Channel

And

Medium

Sender

2

Encoding

3

Transmiting

4

Receiver gets

The message

5

decoding

Receiver &

Feed back

situation

• The sender has an idea

• The sender transform the idea into a message

• The sender transmits the message

The receiver gets the message

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• The receiver gets the message

• The receiver interprets the message

• The receiver reacts and sends feedback to the sender

Formulating a Message

• Indecision about content. Include only the

information that is useful to audience, and organize it in a way that encourages its acceptance.

• Lack of familiarity with the situation or receiver.

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receiver. Ask why you are preparing the message and

for whom you are preparing it.

• Difficulty expressing ideas. An inability to put

thoughts into words can be overcome through study and practice

Overcoming Communication Barriers

• Communication barriers exist between people and within organizations

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people and within organizations

• Noise is any interference in communication process that distorts or obscures the sender’s meaning

Communication Barriers

Between People

• Differences in perception

• Incorrect filtering

• Language problems

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• Language problems

• Poor listening

• Differing emotional states

• Differing background

Communication Barriers

Within Organizations

• Information overload

• Message complexity

• Message competition

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• Message competition

• Differing status

• Lack of trust

• Inadequate communication structure

• Incorrect choice of medium, depends on message, audience, need for speed, situation

Face

To

Face

Telephone

Electronic

Mail

Addressed

Documents

(notes, memo)

Un-addressed

Documents

(fliers, bulletins)

Richer Learner

A continuum of media richness

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• Closed communication climate

• Unethical communication

• Inefficient communication

• Physical distractions

IMPROVING COMMUNICATION

• Effective communication requires perception, precision, credibility, control, and congeniality

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• Create the massage carefully

• Minimize noise

• Facilitate feedback

THANK YOU

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