basic electronic principle

POLITEKNIK SULTAN MIZAN ZAINAL ABIDIN

KOD : JA 505KURSUS : AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRONICSPROGRAM : DAD5-S2

ELECTRONIC PRINCIPLES

POLITEKNIK SULTAN MIZAN ZAINAL ABIDIN

COURSE : JA505 AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRONICS

INST DURATION : 15 WEEKS

CREDITS : 2

PRE REQUISITE :JA303 AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRICAL

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon completion this course students should be able to1. Explain the function and basic principle of automotive electronic system2. Sketch the circuit, component & explain the working principles of automotive electronic system3. Identify and solve the problems related to the automotive electronic systems

SUMMARY

SYLLABUS

Chapter 1 Electronic Principle

Chapter 2 Electronic Systems

Chapter 3 Cruise Control System

Chapter 4 System of Body Electronic

Chapter 5 Data Bus System

Chapter 6 Anti theft protection systems immobilizer

Chapter 7 Electronic stability program

Chapter 8 Brake by Wire System

Chapter 9 Electronic Throttle control


CHAPTER 1

Assessment

The course assessment is carried out in 2 sections; i) Coursework (CA) ii) Final Examination (FE)

Assessment MethodTest (2) 40 % Quiz (4) 20%Discussion (2) 20%Case study (2) 20%

• The branch of engineering which deal with current conduction through a vacuum or gas or semi conductor is known as ‘Electronics’

• The word of electronics derives it’s name from electron present in all material

• The electronic devices capable of performing the following functions;


Basic Electronic Principle


i) RectificationThe conversion from AC into DCDC supply can be used for charging storage

batteries, field supply of DC generators & etc

DC generators


ii) AmplificationThe process of raising the strength of weak

signal is known as ‘amplification’It can accomplish the job of amplification &

thus act as amplifier. e.g: Radio &television


iii) ControlElectronic devices find wide application in

automatic controlFor example speed of motor. Voltage across a

refrigerator can be automatically controlled with the help of such devices


iv) GenerationElectronic devices can convert from AC power

to DC power of any frequency. Known as oscillator

The oscillator used in variety of ways eg: Used in Electronic high frequency heating

is used for annealing & hardening


v) Conversion of light into electricElectronic devices can convert light into

electricity. Also known as photo electricityUsually used in burglar alarms, sound

recording on motion pictures

iv) Conversion of electricity into lightElectronic devices can convert electricity into

light. Usually utilized in television & radar


S.I Fundamental Units


Some Important Magnetic Units


Scientific & Engineering Notation

Very large and very small numbers are represented with scientific and engineering notation.

47,000,000 = 4.7 x 107 (Scientific Notation)

= 47. x 106 (Engineering Notation)


Scientific & Engineering Notation

0.000 027 = 2.7 x 10-5 (Scientific Notation)

= 27 x 10-6 (Eng Notation)

0.605 = 6.05 x 10-1 (Scientific Notation)

= 605 x 10-3 (Eng Notation)


Engineering Metrix

peta

tera

giga

mega

kilo

1015

1012

109

106

103

P

T

G

M

k

10-3

10-6

10-9

10-12

10-15

milli

micro

nano

pico

femto

m

m

n

p

f

Large Small


Metric Conversion

When converting from a larger unit to a smaller unit, move the decimal point to the right. Remember, a smaller unit means the number must be larger.

0.47 MW = 470 kW

Smaller unit

Larger number


Metric Conversion

When converting from a smaller unit to a larger unit, move the decimal point to the left. Remember, a larger unit means the number must be smaller.

10,000 pF = 0.01 mF

Larger unit

Smaller number


Atomic structure

The electron theory assumes that all electrical and electronic effects are due to the movement of electrons from one place to another.

An atom is the smallest particle of a chemical element and is made up of several subatomic particles:

electrons, protons, and neutrons.


Atomic structure

Protons and neutrons make up a dense, massive atomic nucleus in the center of the atom and are collectively called nucleons. Orbiting the nucleus in energy levels, or shells, are the electrons.


Atomic structure


Electric charge

Electric charge is a property of certain subatomic particles that interact with electromagnetic fieldsand causes attraction and repulsion forces between them.

Protons have a +ve electrical charge while electrons have a -ve electrical charge. Neutrons remain neutral.


Faraday’s Law

Any change in the magnetic field around a coil of wire will cause an emf (voltage) to be induced in the coil. The change could be produced by changing the magnetic field strength, moving the magnetic field towards or away from the coil, moving the coil in or out of the magnetic field, rotating the coil relative to the magnetic field and so on


Faraday’s Law

Where:V = Voltage generated in voltsN =Number of turns on the coilB = Magnetic field strength in webbers per metre squared (teslas)A = Area of the pole perpendicular to the field in metres squaredt =time in seconds

Michael Faraday was a British physicist and chemist, well known for his discoveries of electromagnetic induction and of the laws of electrolysis.


Faraday’s Law of induction

Electromagnetic Induction

a) Current induced in the loop

b) No Current induced in the loop

c) No Current induced in the loop

o Faraday’s experiment demonstrates that an electric current is induced in the loop by changing the magnetic field.

o The coil behaves as if it were connected to an emf source. Experimentally it is found that the induced emf depends on the rate of change of magnetic flux through the coil.


Stepper motor

A stepper motor is an electromechanical device which converts electrical pulses into

discrete mechanical movements. The shaft or spindle of a stepper motor

rotates in discrete step increments when electrical command pulses are applied to it in the proper sequence.


Stepper motor

Working Principle


Stepper motor

Stepper motors consist of a permanent magnet rotating shaft, called the rotor, and electromagnets on the stationary portion that surrounds the motor, called the stator

Type of stepper motor• Variable Reluctance• Permanent Magnet Motors• Hybrid Motors


Stepper motor

Variable reluctant

• Consists of a soft iron multi-toothed rotor and a wound stator.

• When the stator windings are energized with DC current the poles become magnetized.

• Rotation occurs when the rotor teeth are attracted to the energized stator


Stepper motor

Permanent Magnet

• Higher starting torque & also have holding stock when not energized

• Permanent magnet motor have step angles of 450 180 ,150 or 7.50• Rotation occurs when the rotor teeth are attracted to

the energized stator


Stepper motor

Hybrid

• Combination of previous two motors to develop try to combine the high speed operation & good resolution of variable reluctant type with the better torque properties of the permanent magnet motors

basic electronic principle

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