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BASIC INSTRUMENTATIONMODULE I

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HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS OF INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

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InstrumentationDefined as the art and science of measurement and control of process variables within a production or manufacturing area

InstrumentIs a device that measures or regulates physical quantity/ process variables such as flow, pressure,level or temperature

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Aim of Instrumentation

To obtain maximum production (quality products) from the industry with the minimum usage of raw materials

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History

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Contd…

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Contd…

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Pneumatic

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Electronic

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DCS

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SCADA

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INTRODUCTION TO INSTRUMENTS & MEASUREMENTS

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Measurements

• The measurement of a given quantity is essentially an act or the result of comparision between the quantity and a predefined standard.

• Since 2 quantities are compared the result is numerical value

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Requirements for meaningful measurement• The standard used for comparision purposes must be

accurately defined & should be commonly accepted

• The apparatus used & the method adopted must be provable

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Methods of measurement• Direct method

• Indirect method

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Instruments

An instrument consist of a single unit which gives an output reading or signal according to the unknown variable applied to it.

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BLOCK DIAGRAM OF INSTRUMENT/MEASUREMENT SYSTEM

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3 PHASES OF INSTRUMENTS

• Mechanical Instrument• Electrical Instrument• Electronic Instrument

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Mechanical

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Electrical

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Electronic

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Electronic instruments have• Higher sensitivity

• Faster response

• Greater flexibility

• Lower weight

• Lower power consumption

• Higher degree of reliability