basic it 1
DESCRIPTION
Basit IT KnowledgeTRANSCRIPT
General IT Knowledge
By: Daniel Karjadi
Background & PurposeRegular BriefingLack of IT Basic Knowledge
If you don’t know, listen If you know better, speak
To make a better workplaceBy Knowing the Basics we understand the Advanced
By Sharing we Learn moreWeekly every Tuesday 3pm by PIC
In-between: Readings, Study, Tests, Feedback
TimelineDec’10: Intro Jan’11: PCFeb’11: OSMar’11: Network Data & VoiceApr’11: ServerMay’11: .NET Jun’11: SAP BASIS Jul’11: SOA & SAP BWAug’11: SAP MMSept’11: SAP PS & PPOct’11: SAP FICONov’11: SAP BPCDec’11: IT Management2012: Advanced and Applied matters
TopicsThe WisdomsIT – TechnicalIT – Management
The Wisdom 1All is created
twice:In MindIn Reality
StudyCreateInnovate
BuildWorkTell
Nothing Plan Reality
What is Logaritm for ?
What is Math for ?
What is Fourier Transform for ?
To help you “Plan”
The Wisdom 2At t=0 S is closedV(t) = i(t).(R+r)Vc(t) = 1/C ∫ i(dt)
i(t)
S
E C R, r
0t
V
E
If this is “the plan”What is the reality ?
The Wisdom 3Learn from the Human Body(God, the Maha Guru, speaks not only from The Bible, the Revelation or
enlightment)
CREATURE lives in its NATURE = space & timeSpace: 1D, 2D, 3D, 4D etc..Time: chronological, freeze, in the past, in the future, balanced, omnipotenceThe composition makes the “character”
OTAK
HEARTPERUTSELANGKANGA
N
WEAKNESS
SKULL
RIBSBELLYNONE !!!EXPOSED !!!!
OTAK
HATIPERUTSELANGKANGA
N
Higher LevelOf Thinking
CENTEROFTHINKING
OTAK
HATIPERUTSELANGKANGA
N
Higher LevelOf Thinking
CENTEROFTHINKING
EMOSI
LOGIKA
PERUT (Makan)
Phylosophy
EthicsClosed, Emotion,Mind, Think,
IdeaExposed,
Physical,Behaviour
Isi OtakBijaksana
(Phylosophy)Baik / Jahat (Ethics)Open-minded
(Attitude)Berpengetahuan Luas
(Knowledge)Pinter (Smart)Kosong (Bodoh)
From the most Physical to the most Logical
BRAINWARE
SOFTWARE
HARDWARE
IT - TechnicalBasic computing hardware, software, brainware high level & low level language Computer / PC (x86) architecture Prosesor: RISC, CISC, x86 http://www.brokenthorn.com/Resources/OSDev7.html Server technologies: Processor, memory, storage, network, OS Proc: multi, distributed, cluster, cloud, Mem: BIOS, PCI, PCI-express, DDR, DDR-2 Net: teaming Storage: Mirror, RAID 0-5, SAN, DAS, IDE, SCSI, SATA OS: VM, cluster, terminal server
Basic networking Topology OSI Layer Physical Ethernet (CSMA/CD), Token ring TCP/IP Upper layer Other protocols: routed, routing, UDP, SNMP, FTP, TELNET, LDAP, SMB, RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, BGP, ISIS SMB, NETBEUI, BPDU, SPT, Firewall, Load balancer, NAS, VPN, RAS, PPTP, L2TP, Tunneling, Radio, wireless, wifi, wimax
Operating System fundamentals Intro Unix Windows
Diagnosis and troubleshooting Client Network Server
Installation, configuring and upgrading Windows workstation Windows Server Unix server
RDBMSSQLOracle
Cisco.NETSOA
SAP Basis MM PP PS FICO
BW / BI / CognosSAP BPC
IT - ManagementConfiguration ManagementProblem ManagementChange ManagementProject ManagementVendor ManagementBPISDLCSystem AnalystAdaptive InfrastructureInternet Infrastructure Management
Basic PC ArchitectureFrom The Von Neumann "Stored Program Computer" Concept
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_register
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Neuman
Personal Note:“My” CMS is based on this architecture design
http://cayfer.bilkent.edu.tr/~cayfer/ctp203/review.html
The Processor (CPU)
Intel Processor Evolution8086 (x86) + FPU/MathCo 8087 – 16 bit on DOS (PC), Real Mode
8088 – 16/20 bit, on DOS (PC XT), MEMDISK, Memory Resident Program
80286 + FPU (287) – Protected Mode 16/24 bit, on OS2 / DOS (PC AT)
80386 + FPU (387) – 32 bit, on DOS/Win3x, OS280486 – Integrated FPU, on WinNTPentium – L1 cache, Pipelining, 64/32 bit, WinNT 64 Itanium – L2 cache, multiple proc in 1, WinNT64dst
http://www.intel.com/products/processor/index.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_microprocessors
Die of an Intel 80486DX2 microprocessor (actual size: 12×6.75 mm) in its packaging.
Multitasking
Windows Phone 7 stands on multitasking http://gizmodo.com/5512656/how-multitasking-works-in-the-new-iphone-os-40
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc767883.aspx
http://fourier.eng.hmc.edu/e85/lectures/instruction/node13.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RISC
CISC vs RISC PROCESSOR
Modern PC Architecture
http://www.inno-logic.com/resourcesPCIE.html
Old designclient
Old designserver
new designclient
New designclient New design
server
portable
Isi OtakBijaksana
(Phylosophy)Baik / Jahat (Ethics)Open-minded
(Attitude)Berpengetahuan Luas
(Knowledge)Pinter (Smart)Kosong (Bodoh)
From the most Physical to the most Logical
BRAINWARE
SOFTWARE
HARDWARE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS
Changing role of the BIOS
Some operating systems, for example MS-DOS, rely on the BIOS to carry out most input/output tasks within the PC.[9]
Larger, more powerful, servers and workstations using PowerPC or SPARC CPUs by several manufacturers developed a platform-independent Open Firmware (IEEE-1275), based on the Forth programming language. It is included with Sun's SPARC computers, IBM's RS/6000 line, and other PowerPC CHRP motherboards.
Later x86-based personal computer operating systems, like Windows NT, use their own, native drivers which also makes it much easier to extend support to new hardware, while the BIOS still relies on a legacy 16-bit real mode runtime interface.
There was a similar transition for the Apple Macintosh, where the system software originally relied heavily on the ToolBox—a set of drivers and other useful routines stored in ROM based on Motorola's 680x0 CPUs. These Apple ROMs were replaced by Open Firmware in the PowerPC Macintosh, then EFI in Intel Macintosh computers.
Later BIOS took on more complex functions, by way of interfaces such as ACPI; these functions include:
• power management, • hot swapping, • thermal management.
Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) is a specification which replaces the runtime interface of the legacy BIOS. Initially written for the Itanium architecture, EFI is now available for x86 and x86-64 platforms; the specification development is driven by The Unified EFI Forum, an industry Special Interest Group.
Linux has supported EFI via the elilo boot loader. The Open Source community increased their effort to develop a replacement for proprietary BIOSes and their future incarnations with an open sourced counterpart through the coreboot and OpenBIOS/Open Firmware projects. AMD provided product specifications for some chipsets, and Google is sponsoring the project. Motherboard manufacturer Tyan offers coreboot next to the standard BIOS with their Opteron line of motherboards. MSI and Gigabyte Technology have followed suit with the MSI K9ND MS-9282 and MSI K9SD MS-9185 resp. the M57SLI-S4 models.
Some BIOSes contain a "SLIC", a digital signature placed inside the BIOS by the manufacturer, for example Dell. This SLIC is inserted in the ACPI table and contains no active code. Computer manufacturers that distribute OEM versions of Microsoft Windows and Microsoft application software can use the SLIC to authenticate licensing to the OEM Windows Installation disk and/or system recovery disc containing Windows software.
Recent Intel processors (P6 and P7) have reprogrammable microcode. The BIOS may contain patches to the processor code to allow errors in the initial processor code to be fixed, updating the processor microcode each time the system is powered up. Otherwise, an expensive processor swap would be required.[10] For example, the Pentium FDIV bug became an expensive fiasco for Intel that required a product recall because the original Pentium did not have patchable microcode.
Harddisk Architecture
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc776720(WS.10).aspx
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc781134(WS.10).aspx
FAT:
NTFS:
File Systems
http://bandwidthco.com/cf.html
http://www2.cs.uregina.ca/~hamilton/courses/330/notes/allocate/allocate.html