Basic Parts of the Plant

• Roots

• Stems

• Leaves

• Flower

Roots

• 1. Anchor Plant

• 2. Absorb water and minerals

• 3. Translocate water and minerals to stem

• 4. Store Food

Stems

• 1. Translocate water, minerals and food to the leaves

• 2. Support the leaves and display them to light

• 3. Store Food

Leaves

• 1. Make food through photosynthesis

• 2. Provide site of gas exchange

• 3. Store food

Flowers

• 1. Contain organs for specialized sexual production

• 2. Produce seeds and fruit

Different type of Roots

• A. Tap Root–Continuation of the primary root–Ideal for anchorage–Penetration is greater for water–Storage area for food made by

photosynthesis

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Different type of Roots

• B. Fibrous Roots– Many finely branched secondary roots– Shallow roots cover a large area

•More effective absorption of water and minerals

•Roots hold the soil to prevent erosion

Different type of Roots

• C. Aerial roots– Clinging air roots

•Short roots that grow horizontally from the stems

•Roots that fasten the plant to a support

– Absorptive air roots

Different type of Roots

• Adventitious Roots

–Develop in places other than nodes

–Can form on cuttings and rhizomes

Roots

• Root hairs: – Tiny one celled hair like extensions

of the epidermal cells located near the tips of the roots where vascular tissues have formed.

– Increase surface area– Absorb water and minerals from soil

Specialized Stems

• A. Corm (gladiolus, crocus)

– underground

–Solid, fleshy, scale covered

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Specialized Stems

• B. Bulb (tulips, lillies, onions)

–Layers of fleshy scales that overlap each other

–Underground stem

Specialized Stems

• C. Tuber (potato, caladium)

–Food storage area

–Short, thick underground stem

Specialized Stems

• D. Crown (African Violets, fern)

–Closely grouped stems or plantlets

–Just above ground or just below

Specialized Stems

• E. Spurs (pear and apple trees)

–Short sems found on woody plant limbs adapted for increased production of fruits

Specialized Stems

• F. Rhizomes (iris, lily of the valley)

–Underground stems that produce roots on the lower surface and extend leaves and flower shoots above the ground

Specialized Stems

• G. Stolon (Strawberry, airplane plant)

–Stem that grows horizontally above the soil surface

Principal Tissues of the Leaf

• Epidermis–Cuticle

•Waxy substance covers the leaves and stems

•Waterproof layer that keeps water in plants

Principal Tissues of the Leaf

• Epidermis (cont)–Stomata

•Openings in the epidermis mainly located on underside of leaves

•Exchange of gases

Principal Tissues of the Leaf

• Epidermis (cont)

–Guard Cells

•Two cells located on each side of stomata

•Open and closes stomata

Principal Tissues of the Leaf

• Mesophyll layer– Palisade mesophyll

•Primary site of photosynthesis– Spongy mesophyll

•Contains air and chloroplasts•Site of photosynthesis and gas exchange

Principal Tissues of the Leaf

• Veins or vascular bundles– In spongy mesophyll– Phloem tissues conduct food from

photosynthesis to rest of plant– Xylem tissues conduct water and

minerals up to cells in leaves and stems

Parts of the Flower

• Sepals

–Outer covering of the flower bud

–Protects the stamens and pistills when flower is in bud stage

Parts of the Flower

• Petals

–Brightly colored

–Protects stamen and pistills

–Attracts pollinating insects

Parts of the Flower

• Stamens

–Male Reproductive part

–Anther-produces pollen

–Filament-supports the anther

Parts of the Flower

• Pistil– Female reproductive part– Ovary

•Enlarged portion at base of pistill•Produces ovules which develop into seeds

– Stigma•Holds the pollen grains

Parts of the Flower

• Style

–Connects the stigma with ovary

–Supports the stigma so that it can be pollinated

Complete and Incomplete Flowers

• Complete: have all four main parts–Sepals–Petals–Stamens–Pistils