Basic NetworkingLesson 1: Parts of a Computer (Hardware)

Parts of a ComputerSystem UnitScreen /

MonitorSpeakerMouseKeyboardMicrophone

– actual computer, others are called peripheral devices

Monitor Is the screen on

your computer that you look at when you are on the computer.

Keyboard A tool that is

used for typing like a typewriter

Mouse A piece of plastic

that has a ball on the bottom & two buttons on the top. When you click on the mouse, you usually click the left button. It allows you to click on & choose things on your screen

Floppy Drive & Disk Drive Drives with

removable media/ removable drives

Speakers Part of computer

that lets you hear the sounds from the programs.

Microphone A device

containing a transducer for converting sound waves into electrical signals that can then be amplified, transmitted, and output through a speaker.

Printer A machine that

puts things from the computer onto paper.

Scanner A piece of the

computer that lets you hear the sounds from the programs.

PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect)

CPURAMHard Disk Drive (HDD)Video CardSound CardModemNetwork CardFansCablesMotherboard

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

Is the brains behind your computer. The CPU is responsible for performing calculations and tasks that makes program work.

RAM Random Access

Memory, it stores information that is used by running programs or applications.

ROM Read Only

Memory, a permanent memory chip that cannot be changed. This memory runs the computer.

Hard Disk Drive Is where

permanent information is stored. Ex: database, spreadsheets, and programs are stored on the hard disk.

Video Card Is a board that

plugs into the PC motherboard to give it display capabilities.

Sound Card Are expansion

board used for enabling a computer to manipulate sound.

Modem Allows the

computer to use a telephone line to communicate and connect to the Internet.

Network Card Allow s the

computer to be connected either to other computers or to the internet.

Fans One or more fans

inside the computer to keep air moving and keep your computer cool.

Cables Numerous wires

and flat, ribbon-like cables provide power and communication to the various parts inside the computer.

Motherboard A main board of

the computer that has many chips on it. The motherboard makes the computer work. It is where the memory and the processing are found.

Hardware Refers to the actual machine and

the components or those parts of a computer system.

Bus Group wires on main circuit board of

the computer or a pathway for data flowing between components.

Input/Output Controllers Receive input/output requests from

the central processing unit and send device specific control signals to the device they control.

Central Processing Unit To accept and execute the instructions

stored in the computer’s main memory.

Two Major Components

1. The Control Unit – controls overall operations of the computer.o Functions of the Control Unit

- to control access to the main store- to control the sequence in which instructions are executed.- to regulate the timing of all operations carried within the CPU- to send and receive control signals to and from peripheral devices

2. The Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)- performed the arithmetic and logical operations.

Two Major Components

1. The Control Unit – controls overall operations of the computer.o Functions of the Control Unit

- to control access to the main store- to control the sequence in which instructions are executed.- to regulate the timing of all operations carried within the CPU- to send and receive control signals to and from peripheral devices

2. The Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)- performed the arithmetic and logical operations.

Main Memory Temporarily stores program and data that

are being processed.2 Fundamentals types of Memory

o MAIN MEMORY- very closely connected to the processor- the contents are quickly and easy to change- interacts with the processor millions of times per second.

o SECONDARY MEMORY- connected to the main memory through the bus and a controller.- used for a long term storage of programs and data- the contents are easily changed.

2 Most Common Types of Memory1. RAM (Random Access Memory)2. ROM - Read-only memory capable of

holding data being read.

Memory SizesKB = 1024 bytesMB = 1024 kilobytesGB = 1024 megabytesTB = 1024 gigabytes

Backing Storage Devices

To put data into a form that is acceptable by the computer.

Input Device

Devices exist to store programs and data, or as the program may be so large that it is impossible for main memory to hold.

Hard drives Computer’s main storage media

device

Types of Input Method

1. INDIRECT METHOD – involve preparing data into a form that the computer can read before inputting.

2. DIRECT METHOD – the computer data reads immediately without any additional keying in.

Output Device The results are output by the output

device in a form that can be understood by humans.