basics of chemistry cosmetology : milady standard cosmetology ©2007 thomson delmar learning. all...
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![Page 1: Basics of Chemistry Cosmetology : Milady Standard Cosmetology ©2007 Thomson Delmar Learning. All Rights Reserved](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061422/56649b4f550346318e8caa80/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Basics of Chemistry
Cosmetology:
Milady StandardCosmetology
©2007 Thomson Delmar Learning. All Rights Reserved
![Page 2: Basics of Chemistry Cosmetology : Milady Standard Cosmetology ©2007 Thomson Delmar Learning. All Rights Reserved](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061422/56649b4f550346318e8caa80/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
“The greater the difficulty, the more glory in surmounting it. Skillful pilots gain their reputation from storms and
tempests”
Epictetus
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MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Objectives• Explain the difference between organic
and inorganic chemistry• Discuss the different forms of matter:
elements, compounds, and mixtures• Explain pH and the pH scale• Describe oxidation and reduction
(redox) reactions
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MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Matter• Anything that occupies space, has
physical and chemical properties, and exists as a solid, liquid, or gas
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MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Elements• Simplest form of matter• Cannot be reduced without loss of
identity• 90 – natural• 22 – artificial• Identified by a letter symbol• C – O – H – N – S
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MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Atoms and Molecules• Atom: Particles from
which all matter is composed.
• Molecules: Result of joined atoms.– Elemental molecule– Compound molecule
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MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
States of Matter• Solid: Have shape, volume, weight
(ice)• Liquid: Have volume and weight, no
shape (water)• Gas: Have no volume
or shape (steam)
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MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Physical and Chemical Properties
• Physical: Determined without a chemical reaction (color, odor, weight, density)
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MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
• Chemical: Determined with a chemical reaction (change identity – rusting iron, burning wood)
Physical and Chemical Properties
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MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Pure Substances and Mixtures
• Pure substances (distinct properties)• Mixtures (elements combined physically)
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MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Solutions, Suspensions, Emulsions• Solution• Solute• Solvent• Miscible liquids• Immiscible liquids• Suspension• Emulsion
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MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Surfactants• Head• Tail• Surfactant molecule• Oil in water
emulsion (O/W)
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MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Surfactants• Water in oil
emulsion (W/O)
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MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Other Physical Properties• Ointments• Powders
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MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Common Ingredients• Alcohol• Alkanolamines• Ammonia• Glycerine
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MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Common Ingredients• Silicones• Volatile organic
compounds
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MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Potential Hydrogen and Ions• Ion• Ionization• Anion• Cation
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MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Water and pH• Hydrogen ion (H+) is acidic• Hydrogen ion (OH) is alkaline
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MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
The pH Scale• pH: Parts
hydrogen or potential hydrogen
• The scale: 0 – 14• pH 7: neutral
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MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Acids• Acids
– pH below 7.0– Turn litmus paper from blue to red– Contracts and harden hair
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MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Alkalis• pH above 7.0• Known as “base”• Turn litmus paper from red to blue• Feel slippery and soapy on skin• Soften and swell hair
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MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Acid-Alkali Neutralization Reactions
• Pure water• Neutralizing
shampoos and normalizing lotions
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MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Oxidation Reactions• Oxidation• Oxidation-reduction• Exothermic• Combustion
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MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Reduction Reactions• Oxidized• Reduction• Oxidizing agent
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MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Redox• Redox (a contraction from “reduction”
and “oxidation”)• Oxidation (relocating hydrogen)• Reduction (adding or subtracting
hydrogen)
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MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Summary and Review• What is chemistry?
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MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
• Why is a basic understanding of chemistry important?
• What is the difference between organic and inorganic chemistry?
• What are atoms? • What are elements?• What are the physical and chemical properties of
matter?
Summary and Review
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MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
• What is the difference between physical and chemical changes. Give examples
• Describe 3 states of matter. Explain elements, compounds, and mixtures
Summary and Review
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MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
• What is the difference between solutions, suspension, and emulsions? Give examples
• Define pH and the pH scale• Explain the difference between oxidation
and reduction reactions
Summary and Review
![Page 30: Basics of Chemistry Cosmetology : Milady Standard Cosmetology ©2007 Thomson Delmar Learning. All Rights Reserved](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061422/56649b4f550346318e8caa80/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
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program completion!