BASKETBALL

LEE CHOON WEE

A125497

F.PENDIDIKAN

SUKAN DAN REKREASI

~HISTORY OF BASKETBALL~ Basketball was invented in December 1891

by the Canadian-American clergyman, educator, and physician James Naismith, then an instructor at the Young Men’s Christian Association Training School (now Springfield College) in Springfield, Mass.

At first, James Naismith wrote the basic rules and nailed a peach basket onto a 10-foot (3.05 m) elevated track. The ball that used in early stage was football. A team would gain a point when the person got the ball in the basket.

First official game was played in the YMCA gymnasium on January 20, 1892 with nine players and the game ended at 1-0 and the shot was made from 25 feet (7.6 m), on a court just half the size of a present-day NBA courtThe first basketball court:

Springfield College.

Continue~~

CONTINUE~~ Women's basketball began in 1892 at Smith

College when Senda Berenson, a physical education teacher, modified Naismith's rules for women.

In 1959, a basketball Hall of Fame was founded in Springfield, Massachusetts. Its rosters include the names of great players, coaches, referees and people who have contributed significantly to the development of the game.

first balls made specifically for basketball were brown, and it was only in the late 1950s that Tony Hinkle, then modified to orange ball.

BASKETBALL TODAY~~ (PLAYING REGULATIONS) Games are played in four quarters of 10 (international)

or 12 minutes (NBA). Five players from each team (out of a twelve player

roster) may be on the court at one time. Substitutions are unlimited but can only be done when play is stopped and coach are required.

A standard uniform consists of a pair of shorts and a jersey with a clearly visible number, printed on both the front and back.

A limited number of time-outs, clock stoppages requested by a coach for a short meeting with the players, are allowed.

The game is controlled by the officials consisting of the referee, one or two umpires and the table officials.

BASKETBALL TODAY~~(EQUIPMENT)

The only essential equipment in basketball is the basketball and the court: a flat, rectangular surface with baskets at opposite ends.

Clocks, score sheets, scoreboard(s), alternating possession arrows, and whistle-operated stop-clock systems are required.

A regulation basketball court in international games is 28 by 15 meters (approx. 92 by 49 ft) and in the NBA is 94 by 50 feet (29 by 15 m). Most courts are made of wood. A steel basket with net and backboard hang over each end of the court. At almost all levels of competition, the top of the rim is exactly 10 feet (3.05 m) above the court and 4 feet (1.2 m) inside the baseline.

BASKETBALL TODAY~~(FOULS) An attempt to unfairly disadvantage an opponent

through physical contact is illegal and is called a foul. A player or coach who shows poor sportsmanship, for

instance, by arguing with a referee or by fighting with another player, can be charged with a more serious foul called a technical foul.

If a team exceeds a certain limit of team fouls in a given period (quarter or half) – four for NBA and international games – the opposing team is awarded one or two free throws on all subsequent fouls for that period.

Commits five fouls (including technical fouls), or in an NBA game, commits six fouls (excluding technical fouls) is not allowed to participate for the rest of the game, and is said to have "fouled out".

The referee signals that a foul has been committed.

Basketball positions in the offensive zone.

BASKETBALL TODAY~~(POSITIONS AND STRUCTURES)

o During the first five decades of basketball's evolution, one guard, two forwards, and two centers or two guards, two forwards, and one center were used. Since the 1980s, more specific positions have evolved, namely:

o Point guardo Shooting guardo Small forwardo Power forwardo Center

BASKETBALL TODAY~~(COMMON AND BASIC TECHNIQUES)

Shooting is the act of attempting to score points by throwing the ball through the basket. While methods can vary with players and situations.

There are some common shot such as:

i) Set shot ii) Jump shot iii) Lay up iv) Slam dunk v) Air-ball

1) SHOOTING

Player releases a short jump shot, while her defender is either knocked down, or trying to "take a charge."

2) REBOUNDING The objective of rebounding is to successfully

gain possession of the basketball after a missed field goal or free throw, as it rebounds from the hoop or backboard.

Plays a major role in the game, there are two categories of rebounds:

i) Offensive Rebounds ii) Defensive Rebounds

3) PASSING A pass is a method of moving the ball

between players. A staple pass is the chest pass. Another type

of pass is the bounce pass. The overhead pass is used to pass the ball

over a defender. The outlet pass occurs after a team gets a

defensive rebound. The next pass after the rebound is the outlet pass.

Another advanced style of passing is the behind-the-back pass, throwing the ball behind the passer's back to a teammate.

Dribbling is the act of bouncing the ball continuously.

Good dribblers tend to bounce the ball low to the ground, reducing the travel from the floor to the hand, making it more difficult for the defender to "steal" the ball.

A skilled player can dribble without watching the ball, using the dribbling motion or peripheral vision to keep track of the ball's location.

4) DRIBBLING

A U.S. Naval Academy ("Navy") player, left, posts up a U.S. Military Academy ("Army") defender

5) BLOCKING A block is performed when, after a shot is

attempted, a defender attempts to alter the shot by touching the ball.

In almost all variants of play, it is illegal to touch the ball after it is in the downward part of its arc; this is known as goaltending.

With good timing and sufficient vertical leap, even shorter players can be effective at blocking shots.

Michael Jordan goes for a slam dunk.

Kobe Bryant driving the ball on the court.

THE END

BASKETBALL TODAY~~(POSITIONS AND STRUCTURES)

o During the first five decades of basketball's evolution, one guard, two forwards, and two centers or two guards, two forwards, and one center were used. Since the 1980s, more specific positions have evolved, namely:

o Point guardo Shooting guardo Small forwardo Power forwardo Center

Usually the fastest player on the team, organizes the team's offense by

controlling the ball and making sure that it gets to

the right player at the right time.

BASKETBALL TODAY~~(POSITIONS AND STRUCTURES)

o During the first five decades of basketball's evolution, one guard, two forwards, and two centers or two guards, two forwards, and one center were used. Since the 1980s, more specific positions have evolved, namely:

o Point guardo Shooting guardo Small forwardo Power forwardo Center

Creates a high volume of shots on offense; guards the

opponent's best perimeter player on

defense.

BASKETBALL TODAY~~(POSITIONS AND STRUCTURES)

o During the first five decades of basketball's evolution, one guard, two forwards, and two centers or two guards, two forwards, and one center were used. Since the 1980s, more specific positions have evolved, namely:

o Point guardo Shooting guardo Small forwardo Power forwardo Center

Often primarily responsible for

scoring points via cuts to the basket

and dribble penetration, steals, but

sometime plays more actively.

BASKETBALL TODAY~~(POSITIONS AND STRUCTURES)

o During the first five decades of basketball's evolution, one guard, two forwards, and two centers or two guards, two forwards, and one center were used. Since the 1980s, more specific positions have evolved, namely:

o Point guardo Shooting guardo Small forwardo Power forwardo Center

Plays offensively often with his back to the

basket; on defense, plays under basket or againts

the opposing power forward.

BASKETBALL TODAY~~(POSITIONS AND STRUCTURES)

o During the first five decades of basketball's evolution, one guard, two forwards, and two centers or two guards, two forwards, and one center were used. Since the 1980s, more specific positions have evolved, namely:

o Point guardo Shooting guardo Small forwardo Power forwardo Center

Uses size to score(on offense),

to protect the basket closely(on

defense), or to rebound.

2) REBOUNDING The objective of rebounding is to successfully

gain possession of the basketball after a missed field goal or free throw, as it rebounds from the hoop or backboard.

Plays a major role in the game, there are two categories of rebounds:

i) Offensive Rebounds ii) Defensive Rebounds

Rebounds in which the ball is

recovered by the offensive side and does not change

possession.

2) REBOUNDING The objective of rebounding is to successfully

gain possession of the basketball after a missed field goal or free throw, as it rebounds from the hoop or backboard.

Plays a major role in the game, there are two categories of rebounds:

i) Offensive Rebounds ii) Defensive Rebounds

Rebounds, in which the defending team gains possession of

the loose ball.