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Before Reading
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading Supplementary Reading
About the Author
English Poem – The Wasted Tears
Origin of Workaholic
Gap Filling
Table Completion
Listening Comprehension
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English Poem – The Wasted Tears
Enjoy a Poem The Wasted Tears
Questions and Answers
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Ellen Goodman (1941~ ) was born in Massachusetts and graduated from Radcliffe College. She worked for Newsweek and the Detroit Free Press before joining The Boston Globe in 1967. Her column “At Large” has been widely syndicated since 1976. As an essayist and television commentator, Goodman has discussed feminism, changes in family life, sexual harassment, and male and female relationships. Her essays have been collected in several books, including Close to Home (1979), Turning Points (1979) and At Large (1981).
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In 1980, Goodman received the Pulitzer Prize for Distinguished Commentary. Among other awards she has won are the American Society of Newspaper Editors Distinguished Writing Award and the Hubert H. Humphrey Civil Rights Award. The National Women’s Political Caucus gave her the President’s Award, and the Women’s Research and Education Institute presented her with their American Woman Award.
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They were newly married couple,A few days went on with no .As days passed on, he never turned,While for his love, her heart .
She wore daily the best of robes,Diamonds in her ear lobes,But he had his mind on his work.And wasn’t to have a look.
The Wasted Tears by Rajaram Ramachandran
trouble_______
yearned_______
sparkled_______
keen____
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Her heart, one day, nearly ,But it was saved from a stroke.With tears she stood before him,He saw her face-glow gone dim.
Deeply in his work,He was up to his desk.Elsewhere was his mind The reason for tears to find.
Suddenly, his mind woke up.He , drop by drop,In a test tube all her tears,And mixed some .
broke_____
engrossed_________stuck_____
collected________
powders_______
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Oh, I found out, my dear,It is nothing but saline water. So said the husband,Still tied up, work bound.
scientist________
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Questions and Answers1. Why did the newly married wife feel very sad? Her husband was so engrossed in his work that
she felt neglected and lonely. 2. What is her husband’s job?
A scientist. 3. What did the husband do with her tears?He collected all her tears drop by drop in a test
tube, mixed some powders and finally found out it was nothing but saline water.
4. Is the husband a workaholic?Yes, of course.
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Origin of Workaholic
Time Development
In 1891
In the 1960s
Alcoholic was first attested.
A whole new category of taking “-holic” as a suffix meaning “addict” followed.
In 1968 “Workaholic” was first announced.
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Time Development
In 1971 The use of workaholic prompted many writers to start using the suffixes “-aholic”, “-holic”, or “-oholic” to describe “all-consuming obsessions”.
In the 1970s More “–holic” words appeared.
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Gap Filling
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1. Definition of workaholic If a person is a workaholic, he’s got to be driven to things. In the workdays, they just keep going, keep themselves. And a lot of stress leads to many problems, and diseases.2. Suggestion to deal with workaholism If you are not able to work, and the work you, you may be a workaholic and you may need to seek some outside . You’d be able to in your career world and to deal with other issues. Not let workaholism steal the joy of living.
compulsive need_______________accomplish__________
pushing_______
anxieties________
let go of________holds onto_________
professional help_______________keep balance___________
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Type 2
self-sacrificing workaholic
Type Name Characteristics
Table Completion
Type 1 They put themselves last and will go to any extreme to please and impress a dominant, parent-type person at work.
dominant workaholic
They do not care if they are liked, but must be seen as competent. They can be aggressive and arrogant. They seek respect.
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Type Name Characteristics
Type 3 withdrawn workaholic
They prefer to work alone. They work hard and want to be needed and approved of as well, but do not want to be controlled or dominated. They prefer to keep their emotional distance from others.
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Listening Comprehension
Answer the following questions after you listen to the passage.
1. What is the distinction between working hard and being a workaholic?
Working hard involves being organized, focused, getting a lot of work done, knowing when to stop and having a life other than work. Workaholics, on the other hand, are often disorganized, always find reasons for working more.
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2. Why are workers willing to burn midnight oil at risk in most companies?
Most employers want their employees to work longer hours and reward them with higher pay and lots of benefits.
3. When has workaholism become an evident problem?
Workaholism is a problem that’s been evident since the Stone Age.
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4. How many types of workaholics are there and what are they?
There are three types. First are people with high energy that needs discharging. Second are very competitive people who have a strong need to prove themselves and tie their self-worth to their work. Third are people who use work to escape from something and they keep themselves so busy working that they have no time or energy to deal with their real problems.
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5. What are same traits these three types have?They can’t stand not being active. They find it
hard to go on vacation. They are more comfortable being with fellow workers than with family and friends. They equate self-worth and success with hard work.
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Part Division of the Text
Further Understanding
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Further Understanding
For Part 1 & 2 True or False
For Part 3 Table Completion
For Part 4 Questions and Answers
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Part Division of the Text
Parts Para(s) Main Ideas
1 1~3
2 4~6
One of six vice-presidents, Phil worked himself to death.
Phil completely tied up himself in work regardless of his health.
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Parts Para(s) Main Ideas
3 7~12
4 13~16
A typical workaholic, Phil totally neglected those closest to him — his wife and three children.
Phil’s boss said one thing at the funeral and did quite another soon afterwards.
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True or False
1. Phil was one of the six vice-presidents of a large corporation and one of the three promising candidates who might succeed to the position of the president.
T( )
2. The company had extended the four-day week for everyone in the company.
The company had extended the four-day week for everyone but the executives.
F( )
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3. In order to have some physical exercise, Phil played golf each month. F( )
The monthly golf game offered him a good opportunity to talk or do business.
4. Phil was overweight by 20 or 25 pounds and he did not realize that he was a heart-attack natural. T( )
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Table CompletionList all the details to show a typical workaholic Phil in terms of his relation with his family members.
Family Member Details
His wife 1. She had given up trying to compete with his work years ago when the children were small.
2. She must have given up part of herself which had cared too much for the man.
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Family Member Details
His eldest son
His daughter
He researched his father in the neighborhood before the funeral, but found the neighbors knew very little about his father. Whenever she was alone with her father, they had nothing to say to each other.
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Family Member Details
His youngest son 1. He tried to grab at his father, and tried to mean enough to him to keep the man at home.2. It was only over the last two years that Phil began to worry about his youngest son.
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The company president began choosing his next victim as soon as Phil’s funeral was over.
Questions and Answers
1. Why did Phil’s wife hide her bitterness in face of the company president at the funeral?
Because she would need him to straighten out the finances — the stock options and all that.
2. Why is it very easy to identify Phil from a lineup?Because Phil was a Type A, a typical workaholic, a heart-attack natural.
3. What did the company president do as soon as Phil’s funeral was over?
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He worked himself to death, finally and precisely, at 3:00 A.M. Sunday morning. The obituary didn’t say that, of course. It said that he died of a coronary thrombosis — I think that was it — but everyone among his friends and acquaintances knew it instantly. He was a perfect Type A, a workaholic, a classic, they said to each other and shook their head — and thought for five or ten minutes about the way they lived.
The Company Man Ellen Goodman
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This man who worked himself to death finally and precisely at 3:00 A.M. Sunday morning — on his day off — was fifty-one years old and a vice-president. He was, however, one of six vice-presidents, and one of three who might conceivably — if the president died or retired soon enough — have moved to the top spot. Phil knew that. He worked six days a week, five of them until eight or nine at night, during a time when his own company had begun the four-day week for everyone but the executives. He worked like the Important People. He had no outside “extracurricular interests,” unless, of course, you think about a monthly golf game that way. To Phil, it was work. He always ate egg salad sandwiches at his desk.
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He was, of course, overweight, by 20 or 25 pounds. He thought it was okay, though, because he didn’t smoke. On Saturdays, Phil wore a sports jacket to the office instead of a suit, because it was the weekend. He had a lot of people working for him, maybe sixty, and most of them liked him most of the time. Three of them will be seriously considered for his job. The obituary didn’t mention that.
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But it did list his “survivors” quite accurately. He is survived by his wife, Helen, forty-eight years old, a good woman of no particular marketable skills, who worked in an office before marrying and mothering. She had, according to her daughter, given up trying to compete with his work years ago, when the children were small. A company friend said, “I know how much you will miss him.” And she answered, “I already have.” “Missing him all these years,” she must have given up part of herself which had cared too much for the man. She would be “well taken care of.”
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His “dearly beloved” eldest of the “dearly beloved” children is a hardworking executive in a manufacturing firm down South. In the day and a half before the funeral, he went around the neighborhood researching his father, asking the neighbors what he was like. They were embarrassed. His second child is a girl, who is twenty-four and newly married. She lives near her mother and they are close, but whenever she was alone with her father, in a car driving somewhere, they had nothing to say to each other.
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The youngest is twenty, a boy, a high-school graduate who has spent the last couple of years, like a lot of his friends, doing enough odd jobs to stay in grass and food. He was the one who tried to grab at his father, and tried to mean enough to him to keep the man at home. He was his father’s favorite. Over the last two years, Phil stayed up nights worrying about the boy.
The boy once said, “My father and I only board here.”
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At the funeral, the sixty-year-old company president told the forty-eight-year-old widow that the fifty-one-year-old deceased had meant much to the company and would be missed and would be hard to replace. The widow didn’t look him in the eye. She was afraid he would read her bitterness and, after all, she would need him to straighten out the finances — the stock options and all that. Phil was overweight and nervous and worked too hard. If he wasn’t at the office, he was worried about it. Phil was a Type A, a heart-attack natural. You could have picked him out in a minute from a lineup.
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So when he finally worked himself to death, at precisely 3:00 A.M. Sunday morning, no one was really surprised. By 5:00 P.M. the afternoon of the funeral, the company president had begun, discreetly of course, with care and taste, to make inquiries about his replacement. One of the three men. He asked around: “Who’s been working the hardest?”
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He was a perfect Type A, a workaholic, a classic, they said to each other and shook their heads — and thought for five or ten minutes about the way they lived.
What is a perfect Type A?
People exhibiting Type A behaviour tend to be impatient and highly time-conscious. Often as high-achieving workaholics, they feel insecure about their social status and are extremely competitive and aggressive.
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He was, however, one of six vice-presidents, and one of three who might conceivably — if the president died or retired soon enough — have moved to the top spot.What is the implied meaning of the sentence?
He was one of the six vice-presidents of a large corporation and one of the three promising candidates who might succeed to the position of the president.
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He worked like the Important People.
What can you infer from the sentence?
He voluntarily worked overtime because all the executives in the company considered themselves too important a group to be allowed to ease up.
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He had no outside “extracurricular interests,” unless, of course, you think about a monthly golf game that way. To Phil, it was work.
For what purpose did he play golf monthly?
The monthly golf game offered him a good opportunity to talk or do business.
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He is survived by his wife, Helen, forty-eight years old, a good woman of no particular marketable skills, who worked in an office before marrying and mothering.
Translate this sentence into Chinese.
他的遗孀海伦，四十八岁，一个好女人。但没有什么适合市场需求的技能，结婚生育之前曾在办公室工作。
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A company friend said, “I know how much you will miss him.” And she answered, “I already have.”
Why did Phil’s wife say so?
Being a workaholic, Phil spent little time at home before he died. His wife had missed him long before he died.
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The youngest is twenty, a boy, a high-school graduate who has spent the last couple of years, like a lot of his friends, doing enough odd jobs to stay in grass and food.
What do we learn about Phil’s youngest son?
His youngest son failed to go in for a college education and did no more than odd jobs to get enough money for marijuana and food.
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He was the one who tried to grab at his father, and tried to mean enough to him to keep the man at home.Why did Phil’s youngest son try to “grab at his father”?
The workaholic Phil never paid enough attention to the growth and education of his youngest son. His son longed for his love and care.
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You could have picked him out in a minute from a lineup.
What can you infer from the sentence?
Based on the use of police lineups from which a victim identifies a criminal, this is used metaphorically to emphasize how easy it is to identify Phil.
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So when he finally worked himself to death, at precisely 3:00 A.M. Sunday morning, no one was really surprised.Why does the author repeat “finally and precisely” three times in the passage?
The tone of this essay is bitter and sarcastic. It is achieved mainly by the choice of words and selection of details, which are otherwise considered unnecessary for the occasion.
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precisely: adv.
1. exactly; just
Planes fly daily over regular routes with timetable precisely.
Scientists do not yet know precisely how insects can produce their toxic defensive chemicals without poisoning themselves.Since his own ideas were in flux, it is difficult to know precisely where he stood.
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每辆卡车装载的用品恰好是每个部队所需要的。
Every lorry indeed is packed with precisely the articles which each unit will require.
2. quite so
— So you think it was a mistake?— Precisely.
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acquaintance: n.
1. a relationship with someone you know, but who is not a close friend
I have a nodding acquaintance with German.
Our mere acquaintance ripened into friendship. 我与他素昧平生。
I have never made his acquaintance.
She recalled the past, trying to bring back to her memory incidents of their old acquaintance.
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2. person whom one knows (less intimately than a friend)
She is an old acquaintance of my sister.
He has a wide circle of acquaintances.
Collocation:
make sb.’s acquaintance drop an acquaintance
have a casual acquaintance
renew an acquaintance
结识某人 断绝往来 半生不熟重建友谊
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CF: friend, mate, acquaintance & pal这些名词都有“朋友”之意。friend 一般用词，指某人喜爱并乐意与之相交往的人。例如：
I’ve known her for years, but she was never a friend. 我认识她多年了，但成不了朋友。 mate 最普通用词，可与其他名词连用，构成如： classmate ， desk mate ， school mate 等词。既可指好友、同事，又可指合伙人，还可指配偶的一方。例如： The blackbird sat on the nest waiting for the return of her mate. 黑鹂在巢中等候其雄鸟归来。
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CF: acquaintance 指彼此相识，但交往不甚密切，相互间没有深厚情感的人。例如： He is an old acquaintance of my father. 他是我父亲的老相识。 pal 口语用词，指十分要好的朋友。例如：
We’ve been pals since childhood.
我们自儿时就是好朋友。
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instantly: adv. at once; immediately
Instantly the blood crept warmly over her body.His manly beauty and more than common gracefulness were instantly the theme of general admiration.霎那间，迪克意识到他处境危险。 Instantly Dick awoke to the terrors of his position. Sometimes he instantly approved a proposal whose prospect seemed exceedingly bleak.
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词缀 – aholic ， -holic ， -oholic 在某些词后面表示“沉溺于，无法摆脱”的意思。如： shop-aholic ，golf-aholic ， tobaccoholic 等。
workaholic: n. a person who likes to work too hard or is unable to stop working
He was a lifelong workaholic, who painted dawn to dusk seven days a week. In America, it is generally believed that being a workaholic is unhealthy and harmful.A group of Japanese men hope to encourage workaholic husbands to head home early and show their wives some appreciation.
N.B.
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classic:
1. adj. Of the highest quality; having a value or position recognized and unquestioned
It is very interesting for a Chinese to read an English translated version of the Chinese classic novel The Dream of Red Mansions.
The 7-Eleven chain is the classic example of convenience store.
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2. n.
1) writer, artist, book, etc. of the highest class
Charles Dickens is a classic.
2) outstanding example of its kindMy watchband is a classic made in 1960 by Robinsons.He’s hoping that tomorrow’s game will be a classic.
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day off: day on which one does not have to work
On my day off, I’ll fix the tipsy fence.
It felt like a big sick joke when the company made us work on our day off.
There were many Chinese workers on a day off, all looking cheerful and healthy.
下次休假时，我再来看你。 I’ll come over to see you on my next day off.
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conceivably: adv. imaginably; believably
According to some scientists, the disease could conceivably be transferred to humans.
She brought me a raincoat because she thought it might conceivably be useful to me.
他的话想来不会是他的原意。He couldn’t conceivably have meant what he said.
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retire: v. (cause to) stop working at one’s job, usu. because of age (followed by from)
Workers in China can all get a pension after they retire.The school had to employ the retired teachers to give classes.He will retire from his job next year and take things easy.
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spot1. n.1) small round mark; dirty mark
Which has spots, the leopard or the tiger? He tried to remove the spot on his sweater with soap and water.
2) particular place or areaFor many years, Spain was a favourite holiday spot. When the fight started, police and reporters were soon on the spot.
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2. vt.1) pick out ; recognize
We spotted a superstar in the crowd.走在街上，我看见了一个老朋友。I spotted one of my old friends when I was walking on the streets.
2) mark with spots She has two dogs, a yellow one and a spotted one.She was wearing a white dress spotted with red.
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executive: 1. adj. having the power to make and carry out decisions, esp. in business
He has been given full executive power. The US Constitution vests the executive power in the President. 美国总统是政府的行政首脑。
The President of the United States is the executive head of the government.
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2. n. person with administrative or managerial powers
She’s an executive in a computer company.
The executive has been making decisions about the future of the company.
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extracurricular: adj. outside the regular course of work or studies in school or college
Sports and drama are the school’s most popular extracurricular activities.
The school encourages students to have rich and colorful extracurricular life.
Extracurricular activities are an indispensable part of school life.
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Collocation:
extracurricular activities
extracurricular athletics
extracurricular life
extracurricular pastime
extracurricular books
课外活动
课外体育活动
课余生活
业余消遣
课外书
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survive: v. continue to live or exist; live longer than; remain alive after
Will the Lunar New Year survive modern living and competing influences?
In order to survive and develop in the future, we must seize this rare opportunity.
这次地震中一家人都幸免于难 , 真是九死一生。It is a narrow escape that the whole family survive the earthquake.
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survive, continue, remain & lastCF:
这些词都是动词，都含有“继续存在”、“经受住”的意思。 survive 可作及物和不及物动词，含有“幸免于难”、“平安度过”之意。continue 为中性词，且不带任何感情色彩，指从开始到结束之间的任何延伸过程。remain 指人或物移去、分离或毁坏后仍留在原地。last 即“持续”、“经受住”之意，特指某事物继续存在，或最为普通意义上的时间持续。
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Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.
1. Ten of them the shipwreck. 2. Little of the building after the explosion. 3. She is fond of perfume with the scent that a
long time. 4. He reading when I spoke to him. 5. It is believed that usually women men.
survived_______remained________
lasts____
continued_________survive______
CF: survive, continue, remain & last
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marketable: adj. suitable for the demand of the market; that can be sold easily
This new type of camera is a highly marketable product.
College students should study to make them marketable when they finally get their degrees or diplomas. Looking at the current economic gloom, I even resent myself for pursuing paper qualification blindly and ignoring a valuable and marketable skill.
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compete: vi. try to win sth. by defeating others who are trying to do the same
Athletes will compete against each other according to the knockout system.
John competed for a place at school, but he didn’t get in.
We must strive to fully equip ourselves to seize new opportunities and to compete successfully in the global market as we enter this new era.
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虽然只有四匹马竞争，但比赛很精彩。Although there were only four horses competing, it was an exciting race.
Pattern:compete against (with) 与…竞争compete for 为…竞争compete in 在…中竞争
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beloved: 1. adj. dearly loved
He never recovered from the death of his beloved daughter.This man was beloved by / of all who knew him.Every lover sees a thousand graces in the beloved object.情人眼里出西施。
2. n. dearly loved person
I received a dozen roses from my beloved on my birthday.
He wrote a sonnet to his beloved.
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firm: n. a business company
No employees of the firm are allowed to anticipate their salary. They demanded the divorce of the subsidiary from the parent firm.
公司应按照同工同酬的原则进行分配。The firm should distribute on the principle of equal pay for equal work.
The director was careful not to lay the firm’s plans bare.
董事很注意不外露公司的计划。
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embarrass: vt. make (sb.) feel awkward or ashamedI’m so sorry to embarrass you in front of your friends.
He was very embarrassed to hear people speak so highly of him.
Eye contact may convey sincerity and attentiveness in Western cultures, but too much eye contact may embarrass people in some oriental cultures.这是一个尴尬的局面 , 但是他们成功地应付过去了。
It was an embarrassing situation, but they carried it off well.
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odd: adj.1. strange; unusualWe always meet in odd circumstances.
She gets odder as she grows older.Don’t you think it odd that the famous pop
singer should have committed suicide?2. separated from its pair or set
There was nothing but an odd shoe under the old man’s bed.
3. (of numbers) unable to be divided by two
1, 3, 5 are odd numbers.
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CF: strange, odd, peculiar & eccentric
这些形容词均含有“奇怪的、奇异的、新奇的”之意。strange 普通常用词，含义广泛，指陌生、新奇、奇怪或不自然的人或物。例如：
The doctor thought her strange behaviour was caused by stress. 医生认为她那奇怪的举止是由于紧张所致。
odd 通常指不规律、偶尔出现的人或事物，往往令人困惑或奇怪。例如： He is rather an odd man.
他是个颇为古怪的人。
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peculiar 常含有令人不快的“奇怪”、“奇异”之意；侧重令人奇怪的或独一无二的特性。例如：
This food has got a peculiar taste. 这食物味道怪异。
eccentric 指偏离常规的怪异或怪癖。例如： If you go to the party in slippers, you will be considered rather eccentric.
如果你穿着拖鞋出席舞会的话，人们会认为你有些古怪。
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grab: 1. v. take roughly, snatch eagerly
Since the late 15th century, Western colonialists started to grab and conquer colonies in a big way.The boy grabbed at any excuse to avoid doing dishes. 他抓住了去美国的机会。
He grabbed the chance to go to the US.
Collocation:
grab a chance grab a seat
grab at sb. / sth.
抓住机会 强占座位 试图抓住…；抢夺…
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2. n. a sudden attempt to seize sth. The boy made a grab at the frog, but it jumped away.
他一把抓住柜台上的钱。He made a grab at the money on the counter.
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board: v.1. get into (a ship or public vehicle)
We decided spontaneously to board a train for Geneva.
Before boarding the plane, Jenny tried once more to call home.
2. get or supply meals and lodging for payment
I have to board the dog out while I’m away on business.She arranged to board some students from the universities. 膳宿费一天要多少 ?
How much is boarding and lodging a day?
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My uncle is ready to cover my boarding and lodging as well as other living expenses.
N.B.
形近词比较：
aboard prep. / adv. 在（车、船、飞机）上abroad adv. 在国外board n. 木板； vt. 登上（船、飞机等）broad adj. 宽的，辽阔的；宽容的
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aboard, abroad, board, broad
Put into each gap one of the above words.
1. The job involves working three months each year.
2. The minister has views and does not insist that
everyone believe just as he does. 3. When everybody was on , the ship sailed. 4. John has never been a plane.
abroad______broad_____
board_____aboard______
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decease: vi. diethe deceased: n. the dead person
The property should be inherited by the children of the deceased.
The deceased willed his vast estate to his daughters.
The goals and purposes for cloning range from making copies of those deceased to better engineering the offspring in humans and animals.
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CF ：die, decease, perish & vanish 这些动词均有“死”或“死亡”之意。
die 最普通用词，指某人或某物失去生命而永远不存在。例如： I might as well die as marry him.
与其嫁给他，我倒不如死了算了。decease 正式用词，多指法律上的用语，只适用于人。例如：
The deceased left a large sum of money to his wife. 死者给他的妻子留下了一大笔钱。
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perish 书面用词，多指夭折或不幸暴亡。例如： Hundreds of sheep perished that year because of drought. 那年数以百计的羊因干旱而死亡。
vanish 指某物绝迹、不存在或化为乌有。例如： Many kinds of animals have vanished from the earth. 许多种动物已经在地球上灭绝了。
CF ：
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look sb. in the eye: look directly and without fear at someone who is nearThere is a saying in English, “Don’t trust anyone
who won’t look you in the eye.”She knew he was lying because he couldn’t look her in the eye.他是个有高度道德原则的人，无论对谁都可以问心无愧。 He is a person of high moral principles, who can look anyone straight in the eye.
They want to look you in the eye to demonstrate interest in the discussion and to show that they are honest and sincere.
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bitterness: n. feelings of anger, sorrow, disappointment, etc.This legendary man has endured almost all the
bitterness of human life. When you harbor bitterness, happiness will dock elsewhere.
叫苦连天 One’s cry for bitterness is heavenly high.
苦中作乐 忆苦思甜
悲喜交集
seek happiness from bitterness
contrast past bitterness with present happiness
Happiness is dashed with bitterness.
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straighten out: settle (sth.) by removing the confusions or difficulties in it; put right
You should straighten out your confused thinking.
His business affairs are in a terrible mess; they will take ages to straighten out.
Through the reform, we intend to straighten out the relationship between the rule of law and the rule of man.
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finances: n. the amount of money owned by a person, government, or business
She refused to answer questions about her personal finances.
I’m afraid my finances won’t run to a holiday abroad this year.
当然，这事是否能成功取决于你的经济状况。
Whether it can be done or not depends, of course, on your finances.
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Collocation:
national / public / state finances
high finance
an expert in finance
the Minister of Finance
国家财政
巨额融资
财政专家
财政部长
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option: n.1. the right to buy or sell sth. in the future
With cash, stock options and the promise of vast resources, Microsoft has attracted faculty elites to its research center.琼斯已取得那幢房子的买卖权。
Jones has taken an option on that house.
2. sth. you can choose to doAnalysts say that the launch of the euro offers a new and attractive option.
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option, choice & alternative 这些名词均含有“选择”之意。 option 着重特别给予的选择权，所选物常常相互排斥。 choice 侧重指自由选择的权利或特权。 alternative 指在相互排斥的两者之间进行选择，也可指 在两者以上中进行选择。
She has the option of entering graduate school or starting her professional career.
机会总是留给有准备的人。 There are various options open to someone who is well prepared.
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Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.
1. Now you know all the facts, you can make an informed . 2. There must be a(n) to people sleeping on the st
reets. 3. They didn’t leave him many — either he paid or
they’d beat him up. 4. I’d prefer not to work but I don’t have much . 5. I’m afraid I have no but to ask you to leave.
choice______alternative__________
options_______
choice______alternative__________
CF: option, choice & alternative
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and all that: and similar things
He looked very smart, very gentlemanly, and all that.Mary likes to eat fruit — strawberries and all that.
随着年龄的增长，我逐渐遇到各种不良行为的诱惑，如吸毒、酗酒，凡此种种。While growing up, I was surrounded with temptations to commit misdeeds like drugs, alcohol and all that. Our apartments are perfect in every detail — hot
and cold water, private baths, special hall service for every floor, elevators, and all that.
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She picked out a bottle of wine that she particularly liked.
pick out:1. choose
I’m going to pick out a few books for my friend in Shanghai.
2. distinguish from surrounding persons, objects, etc.At once I picked out my elder sister in the crowd.
他的房子有一扇黑色的大门，很容易从其余的房子中区别出来。His house is easily picked out from the rest for it has a large black door.
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When walking in the company of other men, there must be one I can learn something from. I shall pick out his merits to follow and his shortcomings for reference to overcome my own.
三人行 , 必有我师焉。择其善者而从之 , 其不善者而改之。
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Collocation:
pick and steal
pick out
pick up
pick up with
扒窃
选择
拾起
在偶然机会认识
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discreetly: adv. carefully and sensibly; considerately; not too obviouslyHis utterances were discreetly academic.
A detective was sent discreetly to make inquiries about Miss Hutton’s financial situation.
The industrial areas were discreetly apart, concealed from residential and recreational portions of the town.
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inquiry: n. request for help or information; investigation
I am making some inquiries about the train schedule.
I suggest that you make a careful inquiry into the damage once again.
I advise you make thorough inquiry about the enterprise before you embark on it.
Collocation:
inquiry about
inquiry into
on inquiry
请求帮助；询问调查；查究 经打听；经询问
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replacement: n. person or thing that replaces another
A good deal of old equipment needed junking and replacement.
Robot hands are a replacement for human hands, and wheels from a car are a replacement for human feet.凡本店售出的商品一律承诺包退包换包赔。 Our shop sells goods with three guarantees: refund, replacement or compensation.
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Collocation:
replacement worker
replacement ticket
replacement of defective items
顶替工 补票 劣品包换
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Useful Expressions
Word Match
Debate
Sentence Translation
Writing Practice
Talk about the Pictures
Proverbs and Quotations
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Writing Practice
A Brief Introduction
A Sample Letter
Homework
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Useful Expressions
1. 劳累过度而死 work oneself to death
2. 死于 die of / from
3. 摇头 shake one’s head
4. 休假 on one’s day off
5. 坐上头把交椅 move to the top spot
6. 业余爱好 extracurricular interests
7. 适合市场需求的技能 marketable skills
8. 放弃 give up
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9. 与…竞争 compete with / against
10. 对某人关心太多 care too much for sb.
11. 一家制造公司 a manufacturing firm
12. 新近结婚 newly married
13. 打零工 do odd jobs
14. 抓住不放 grab at
15. 彻夜不眠 stay up all night
16. 对公司来说举足轻重 mean much to the company
17. 正视… look … in the eye
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18. 解决经济问题 straighten out finances
19. 优先认股权 stock option
20. 以及诸如此类 and all that
21. 辨别出 pick out
22. 四处打听 ask around
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Direction: Match the words in column A with ones in column B to complete the job titles
Column A Column B bank minder
assistanttellerattendantdesignerreceptionistdriverprogrammerservantinstructorhotel
buschildcivilcloakroomcomputerinteriorfitnesssales
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Students are divided into two groups to discuss the following topic:
There is an old saying “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.” What do you think of this saying? Do you think work and play contradict each other?
Group A: We should do more work.
Group B: We should spare enough time for play.
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Sentence Translation
1. He was, however, one of six vice-presidents, and one of three who might conceivably — if the president died or retired soon enough — have moved to the top spot.
不过，他是六位副总裁之一，如果总裁去世够早或退休够早的话，他本是有望当第一把手的三位人选之一。
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2. He worked six days a week, five of them until eight or nine at night, during a time when his own company had begun the four-day week for everyone but the executives.他一周工作六天，其中五天要工作到晚上八、九点钟，而公司员工除领导层外已经开始实行每周四天工作制了。
3. His “dearly beloved” eldest of the “dearly beloved” children is a hard-working executive in a manufacturing firm down South.
他“深爱的”子女中的“深爱的”大儿子是南方一家制造公司的经理，工作十分努力。
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4. He was the one who tried to grab at his father, and tried to mean enough to him to keep the man at home.就是他努力想牢牢抓住父亲，努力想让自己在父亲心目中显得重要，好让此公留在家里。
5. 他们议论道，他是个十足的 A型行为者，一个工作狂，一个典型的工作狂，他们边说边摇头。
He was a perfect Type A, a workaholic, a classic, they said to each other and shook their head.
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6. 在葬礼前一天半，他走访了街坊邻里，向他们打听父亲是怎样一个人。
In the day and a half before the funeral, he went around the neighborhood researching his father, asking the neighbors what he was like. 7. 寡妇没有正视他。她怕他会看出自己的怨恨。The widow didn’t look him in the eye. She was afraid he would read her bitterness.
8. 你能在一排人中立马认出他。You could have picked him out in a minute from a lineup.
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Write A Letter of Condolence or Sympathy
The best condolence or sympathy letters are like conversations you would have to the family, only in written form. The letters are usually handwritten, under one page in length and are sent promptly. They can be addressed to the person in the family you feel the closest to, or to the family as a whole. A well structured condolence or sympathy letter usually has seven parts:1) Acknowledge the loss. 2) Express your sympathy. 3) Note the special qualities of the deceased you
admired or appreciated.
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4) Recount a memory about the deceased. 5) Offer assistance. 6) Close with a thoughtful word or phrase. 7) The ending and sign off.
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A Sample Letter
Dear Cathy,
My thoughts are with you at this time. I know how close you and your mother were and I can only imagine what you must be going through right now.
Your mom was one of the kindest, wisest, most thoughtful people I’ve ever known. I’ll never forget that time, when she came to my rescue after the car accident. I was so upset about what my parents would do. Your mom helped me calm down and deal with the situation like an adult.
A Letter of Sympathy and Condolence For a Mother
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She taught me to take responsibility and I still carry that lesson with me today.
Even though you and I are thousands of miles apart right now, please know that I’m praying for you. I know that you have the strength in you to move on and I want to remind you that I’m here for you. I’d like to spend some time with you as soon as possible, so I’ll call you to find out when I can visit.
Take care,
Rebecca
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Homework
You are required to write a letter of sympathy and condolence to Phil’s wife and his family based on Text A.
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Dear Mrs. Phil,
I was deeply saddened to learn of Phil’s death and I would like to express my sincere sympathy to you and your family on behalf of the senior management team here in our company. Your husband was highly respected by managers and employees throughout the entire company. He was regarded as a visionary leader by anyone who ever worked with him.
Phil’s contributions to this company during his over 20 years of dedicated and selfless service were varied and invaluable. He was a major part of our initial expansion
Sample:
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across the country. Believe me, his contributions to this company will not be forgotten.
Please accept my heartfelt condolences at this difficult time and I ask you to please pass these sentiments on to your children. Phil was a remarkable man. Knowing him personally as I did for many years, I am well aware of the difference he made in the lives of many people, both here in the company, and in his private life. Many will miss him.
With sincere sympathy,
Edgar Howard
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Talk about the Pictures
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Proverbs and Quotations
1. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy; all play and no work makes Jack a mere boy.
只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子要变傻；尽玩耍不学习，聪明孩子没出息。
2. Take the rough with the smooth.
既能享乐也能吃苦。
3. The first wealth is health.
健康是首要财富。
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4. Business sweetens pleasure, and labour sweetens rest.工作后消遣更愉快，劳动后休息更舒畅。
5. In order that people may be happy in their work, these things are needed: they must be fit for it; they must not do much of it; and they must have a sense of success in it.
— John Ruskin, British writer为了使人们在工作时感到快乐，必须做到以下三点；
他们一定要适合自己的工作，他们不可做得太多；他们必须对自己的工作有成就感。
——英国作家 约翰·罗斯金
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6. To do great work a man must be very idle as well as very industrious.
— Samuel Butler, American educator 要从事伟大的工作，一个人必须既非常空闲又非常勤劳。
——美国教育家 S. 勃特勒
7. We often hear of people breaking down from overwork, but in nine cases out of ten they are really suffering from worry or anxiety.
— John Lubbock , British banker
我们常听说，有人因工作过度而垮下来，但是实际上十有八九是因为饱受担忧或焦虑的折磨。
——英国银行家 约翰·卢伯克
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8. One of the symptoms of an approaching nervous breakdown is the belief that one’s work is terribly important, and that to take a holiday would bring all kinds of disaster. If I were a medical man, I should prescribe a holiday to many patients who considered his work important.
— Bertrand Russell, British philosopher神经即将崩溃的症状之一是相信自己的工作极端重要，休假将会带来种种灾难。如果我是医生，我给这样的病人开的药方是：休假。
——英国哲学家 B. 罗素
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Culture Notes
Reading
Comprehension Task
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Culture Notes
About the Author
Workaholics Anonymous Meeting
Introduction to Tory Johnson
Tory Johnson: A Live Show on TV
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Comprehension Task
Listening and Discussion
Pair Work
A Case Study of Workaholic
Discussion
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Introduction to Tory Johnson
Tory Johnson is an American author and life coach who educates viewers on a wide range of job-related issues and challenges as a business and career coach. In addition to her television segments, Johnson writes a weekly column for ABC News in which she addresses topics related to work / life balance, job searching, and career advancement in all fields. She provides strategies and solutions for women and men to find success and satisfaction at work.
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Tory Johnson: A Live Show on TV
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Career Expert Tory Johnson mentions LivePerson.com during her segment on “ The View”. What is her topic today?
It is about Stay-at-Home Mom jobs.
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Workaholics Anonymous (WA) is a fellowship of individuals who share their experience, strength, and hope with each other that they may solve their common problems and help others to recover from workaholism. Anybody with a desire to stop working compulsively is welcome at a WA meeting. In 1983, one of the first formal efforts to create a fellowship around work addiction recovery began in New York when a corporate financial planner and a school teacher met. They formed Workaholics Anonymous to stop working compulsively themselves and to help others who suffered from the disease of workaholism.
Workaholics Anonymous Meeting
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You Might Be a Workaholic If ...
It’s a frequently asked question: Do we live to work, or work to live? A growing number of Americans are finding that they live for work, and some of them are popping up at Workaholics Anonymous meetings nationwide. Unlike people who simply work very hard, which quite frankly is most of us, workaholics never punch out. They always feel like they are on the clock, 24/7, physically, mentally and emotionally working.
Tory Johnson
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They are more genuinely enthusiastic about work than anything else in their lives, even family and friends. There’s nothing that person would rather be doing than working. And we’re not just talking about Fortune 500 executives; nurses and construction workers, among others, attend Workaholics Anonymous meetings to try to kick the habit.
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If you’re a workaholic, you can’t stop thinking about work. Work issues distract you from relationships and those thoughts speed through your mind as you lie in bed at night. A part of you is always longing to get back to work. Nothing — not eating, socializing, sleeping — is as satisfying. Here’s a good way to think of it: An ordinary hard worker will be on the job, thinking about shopping with friends. A workaholic will be out shopping with friends, but will be thinking nonstop about work.
What Are the Trouble Signs?
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Workaholics are very controlling. They can’t delegate and are not usually interested in being team players. They are perfectionists and nothing is ever good enough for them. Workaholics would rather handle everything themselves, which doesn’t always produce the necessary results because often we need the input and help of others. A workaholic also has a troubled personal life. Typically workaholics don’t have many friends or hobbies. Their personal relationships are in disarray. They have difficulty with intimacy because work is always on their minds. And of course, there is a ripple effect in the families of workaholics.
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Research done by the University of North Carolina found that couples in a workaholic marriage tended to have twice the divorce rate as those who were in nonworkaholic marriages. We know that all marriages take work, but that’s not the type of work that a workaholic wants to focus on. Further, there is the effect on the children. Research has also found that children of workaholics have a higher rate of depression and anxiety mainly because the workaholic parent has placed severely high expectations on his or her kids, which links back to that desire for perfection.
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And there are health concerns for workaholics, caused by the extreme levels of stress they suffer. They often eat poorly, don’t exercise, and in short, they take poor care of their physical and emotional well-being.
Solutions to Kick the Habit
Like any addiction, it’s challenging to kick and the person needs a support system to help. First, a workaholic must recognize and admit the problem.
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Take this quick personal survey: Ask yourself, on a scale of one to five — five being truly satisfied — how you’d rate your satisfaction and happiness in each of these key areas of your personal life: Your family? Your friendships? Your health? Your hobbies? Your spirituality? If your total is not 12 or more points, you have to take a hard look at yourself. It’s probably time to reconsider your priorities and to replace some of your work time with life time. On its web site, Workaholics Anonymous suggests 20 questions to ask yourself to determine whether you may be a workaholic. Among them:
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• Do you take work with you to bed, on weekends and / or on vacation?
• Is work the activity you like to do best and talk about most?
• Have your family or friends given up expecting you on time?
• Do you get impatient with people who have other priorities besides work?
• Have your long hours hurt your family or other relationships?
• Do you think about your work while driving, falling asleep or when others are talking?
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Answering yes to one or two might not be the sign of an addiction, but a pattern of yes to three or more of these questions might mean it’s time to make changes. But of course, with all addiction, making those changes is easier said than done. Make time to relax. Since workaholics are so detail-oriented and focused, they should schedule time off to relax and play. Use this time to find new ways to find happiness and approval and satisfaction outside of work. Look for other benchmarks to measure your overall well-being such as achieving fulfilling personal relationships — being a terrific, reliable partner, parent, and / or friend — or even trying a new hobby that offers a complete diversion from work.
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Learn to delegate. Recognize that none of us can be successful or productive at work on our own. This is hard for these perfectionists, so they can start small, such as sharing small tasks with co-workers to start, whether it’s folding shirts in a retail store or managing the office staff. Slowly, the workaholic can see that he or she can begin to let go and still get the job done.
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pop up: appear or occur, esp. when not expected
Mushrooms tend to pop up overnight.
在电视上、杂志上以及百老汇，到处都看见那个电影明星。 The film star pops up everywhere, on TV, in magazines, on Broadway.
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And we’re not just talking about Fortune 500 executives.
Paraphrase the sentence.
And we’re not just talking about Fortune 500 executives who are workaholics.
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among others / among other things:as well as other people or things
He moved to England in 1980 where, among other things, he worked as a journalist.
宾客包括伊莉莎白·泰勒和迈克尔·杰克逊。 The guests included, among others, Elizabeth Taylor and Michael Jackson.
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distract: vt. stop (sb.) concentrating on sth. (used in the pattern: distract sb. / sth. from sth.)
Tony admits that playing video games sometimes distracts him from his homework.
爸爸开车时别让他分心。
Don’t distract your father while he’s driving.
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relationship: n. links or contacts; state of being connected (followed by with)
Relationships between people of different cultures are often extremely difficult.
科学家们已经确定吸烟和肺癌有一定的关系。
Scientists have established a relationship between lung cancer and smoking.
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delegate: v. entrust (duties, etc.) to sb. in a lower position or grade (used in the pattern: delegate sth. to sb.)A good manager knows when to delegate.
如果你很忙，为什么不分点工作给助理做呢？
If you’re so busy, why don’t you delegate some of your work to your assistant?
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… nothing is ever good enough for them.
Paraphrase the sentence.
There is nothing which is good enough and makes them satisfied.
Translate the sentence into Chinese.
没有什么事能让他们觉得满意。
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input: n. what is put in; action of putting sth. in
We value the input of everyone who answered the questionnaire.
我们听取雇员的意见，珍视他们的投入。
We listen to our employees and value their input.
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typically: adv. representing a particular type of person or thing
typical: adj. showing the main signs and qualities of a particular kind, group, or class (followed by of)
It was typical of him to get angry very easily.
这幅画正是他早期的代表作品。
This painting is fairly typical of his early work.
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They have difficulty with intimacy.
Paraphrase the sentence.
They have trouble in having intimate / close relationships with others.
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focus on: concentrate on
He has focused on the solution of this issue for years but isn’t getting anywhere.
Modern medicine has tended to focus too much on developing highly complicated surgical techniques. 事实上，我认为始终盯住酗酒（ alcoholism）问题不放，是没有抓住问题的要害。 Indeed, always to focus on alcoholism is, I think, to miss the point.
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link: v. connect (followed by to / with)
All the PCs in the office are linked to a main server.吸烟和肺癌有一定的关系。
Lung cancer has been linked to smoking cigarettes.
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concern: n. worry; anxiety; matter of interest or importance to sb. (used in the patterns: concern for, concern about / over / with, concern that)
They showed their concern for the children’s safety.
I did voice my concern about the firm’s financial management, but was told to stay quiet.
人们越来越关注我们的城市污染问题。 There is growing concern about pollution in our cities.
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extreme: adj. of the highest degree or intensity
It is necessary to use extreme caution with chemicals.
在那个国家的广大农村仍然存在着极度贫困问题。
Extreme poverty still exists in many rural areas in that country.
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in short: in a few words; briefly
He’s disorganized, inefficient, never there when you want him — in short, the man’s hopeless.
我们既没有资金也没有技术工人；总而言之，我认为我们干不了。 We have neither money nor skilled workers. In short, I don’t think we can do it.
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solution: n. answer to a problem, question, etc. (followed by to)
The solution to this week’s puzzle will be published in next week’s magazine.
对于人口过剩没有简单的解决方法。 There are no simple solutions to the problem of overpopulation.
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survey: n. investigation (followed by of / on)
We conducted / carried out a survey of white-collar workers in the city’s joint ventures.
The survey on consumer confidence was conducted in late December.
调查显示人民生活条件比以往改善很多。 The survey showed / revealed that people’s living conditions are much better than before.
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relax: v. become less anxious, worried or formal in manner; (make sth.) become less tight, stiff, etc.
Her features suddenly relaxed.
按摩（massage）可以使疲劳的肌肉放松。 A massage will relax your tired muscles.
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detail: n. small, particular fact or item
To apply for a loan, first fill in the section marked “Personal Details”.
托德把旅行中的每个微小细节都考虑到了。
Todd had planned the journey down to the smallest detail.
in detail
This issue will be discussed in detail in Chapter 5.
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schedule: 1. n. program of work to be done or of planned events
The majority of holiday flights depart and arrive on schedule.
I’m going to be working to a very tight schedule.
飞机提前两分钟抵达伦敦。
The jet arrived in London two minutes ahead of schedule.
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2. vt. include sth. in a schedule Her first album is scheduled for release in September.会议已安排在周五举行。
The meeting has been scheduled for Friday.
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overall: adj. including everything; total
We don’t want all the details now, just the overall picture.
减少运动总量，专心于学习。 Cut down your overall amount of physical activity and focus on your studies.
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reliable: adj. deserving trust; dependable
Jordan is very reliable — if he says he’ll do something, he’ll do it.
适当饮食和常规运动是减肥的可靠方法。
Eating sensibly and taking regular exercise is a fairly reliable way of losing weight.
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on one’s own: alone; without help
I can manage on my own, thanks. 那个老妇人独自生活。 The old lady lives on her own.
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staff: n. people working together in a business, etc.
Our library staff will be happy to help if you are unable to find the book you want.
学校里的工作人员和学生保持着良好关系。
There is a good relationship between staff and pupils at the school.
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let go: release (one’s hold of) sb. / sth.
Let go! You’re hurting me.
紧握住，别松手！ Hold on tight and don’t let go!
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Work issues distract you from relationships and those thoughts speed through your mind as you lie in bed at night.
Translate the sentence into Chinese.
工作上的问题使你分心，无暇顾及人际关系。当你夜晚躺在床上时，有关工作的思绪在你脑海里奔驰。
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Workaholics would rather handle everything themselves, which doesn’t always produce the necessary results because often we need the input and help of others. Translate the sentence into Chinese.
工作狂宁愿事事亲自处理，但这样做并不总能取得所要结果，因为我们常常需要他人的投入和帮助。
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Research has also found that children of workaholics have a higher rate of depression and anxiety mainly because the workaholic parent has placed severely high expectations on his or her kids, which links back to that desire for perfection.
Translate the sentence into Chinese.
研究还发现，工作狂的子女变得抑郁、焦虑的机率更高，主要是因为工作狂家长对孩子寄予太高期望，而这又和追求完美的欲望相关联。
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Look for other benchmarks to measure your overall well-being such as achieving fulfilling personal relationships — being a terrific, reliable partner, parent, and / or friend — or even trying a new hobby that offers a complete diversion from work.
Translate the sentence into Chinese.
寻找其他基准来全面衡量自身幸福与否，例如建立自感满意的人际关系——做个了不起的可靠的合伙人、父母和／或朋友——甚或尝试新的业余爱好，使注意力完全从工作中转移出来。
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A Case Study of Workaholic
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1. When did Michael realize he is a workaholic?
When he first became aware that he was writing far more than any rational person would.
2. Is his wife a workaholic?
Yes, she is. After some therapy involved, she is much better.
3. Why does he believe he is a workaholic?Because he is only really happy when he is
working and writing and can’t seem to stop.
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Discuss the following two questions according to what we’ve learned in this unit.
1. What are the trouble signs of workaholic?
controllingperfectioniststroubled personal lifeextreme level of stresshigh rate of divorce
Useful Words and Expressions:
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2. What are the solutions to help workaholics kick the habit?
Schedule time to relax and play.Learn to delegate.
Useful Expressions:
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Pair Work
1. Look at the following two pictures.
2. Two students work together to figure out how hard they will work after they join the work force.
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Alcoholic, the parent of all addictive words, has been with us for over a century. It was first attested in 1891. In the 1960s, someone had the idea of taking “-holic” as a suffix meaning “addict”, and a whole new category of addictions followed. One of the first and most important is “workaholic”, which was announced in the 1968. The appearance of “workaholic” in a book named Confessions of a Workaholic in 1971 propelled that term and prompted many writers to start using the suffixes “-aholic”, “-holic”, or “-oholic” to describe “all-consuming obsessions,” not all of them so serious.
Origin of Workaholic
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In the 1970s, if not obsessed with work, we could be addicted to play, as in golfaholic, footballaholic, basketball-oholic, or just plain leisureholic; to foods, as in beefaholic, or ice creamaholic; and to substances, as in mariholic for marijuana, and tobaccoholic. An American could be a book-oholic, note-oholic, or phone-oholic. Other obsessions for which authors coined terms with “-aholic” in the 1970s include worry, news, credit, punning, shopping, and junk.
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Table Completion
Workaholism is an addiction, an obsessive-compulsive disorder, and it’s not the same as working hard or putting in long hours. There are three distinct workaholic behaviors. Type 1 is the self-sacrificing workaholic, who puts themselves last and will go to any extreme to please and impress a dominant, parent-type person at work. Type 2 is the dominant workaholic, who does not care if they are liked, but must be seen as competent. They can be aggressive and arrogant. They seek respect. Type 3 is the withdrawn workaholic, who prefers to work alone.
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They work hard and want to be needed and approved of as well, but do not want to be controlled or dominated. They prefer to keep their emotional distance from others. All three workaholic types fear rejection, criticism and abandonment and react in different ways when they feel threatened. One common thread that runs through all three types is the need to control — both themselves and others.