1. discussion 2. london a brief introduction to london some famous places of interest in london...

1. Discussion

2. London

A brief introduction to London

Some famous places of interest in London

Before Reading_Main

Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading

3. Education in U. K.

4. Questions and Answers

Before Reading Global Reading After Reading

DiscussionLook at the pictures of various jobs. Answer the following questions with a partner.

Detailed Reading


1. How are these people similar? How are they different?2. Would you like to be a teacher? Why or why not?3. If you have no other choice but to be a teacher, what kind of teacher do you

want to be? Why?4. Can you tell us something about the best teacher of yours in your life?

Detailed Reading

A brief introduction to London

Before Reading Global Reading After ReadingDetailed Reading


London is the capital and largest city of the United Kingdom. The city covers 1,580 sq km and has a population of 6,378,600 (1991). Settled by the Romans as an important shipping point for crops and minerals, it gradually developed into the wealthy capital of a thriving industrial and agricultural nation. The expansion in the 19th century of the British Empire increased London’s influence still further. Since World War II the city’s prominence on the international stage has diminished, but it remains a flourishing financial center and home to one of the world’s most important stock exchanges.

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Detailed Reading


Some famous places of interest in London

1. Big Ben

2. Tower Bridge

3. The Tower of London

4. Buckingham Palace

5. Trafalgar Square

6. The British Museum

7. The National Gallery

Detailed Reading


1. Big Ben

Big Ben is a famous bell in the Clock Tower of the Houses of Parliament in London. The bell weighs about 15 short tons (14 metric tons). It stands 7.5 feet (2.3 meters) high and has a diameter of 9 feet (2.7 meters). Big Ben first tolled in 1859.

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Detailed Reading


2. Tower Bridge

The Tower Bridge crosses the River Thames in the East End of London. It was completed in 1894 in a revival of the Gothic style of the Middle Ages. The Tower of London, a former fortress and prison, is nearby.

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Detailed Reading


3. The Tower of London

The Tower of London, located on the northern bank of the Thames River, was built around 1078. It was used alternately as a fortress, royal residence, and state prison in its early years. Today, it is maintained as an arsenal with a garrison, and is open to the public. The well-preserved Norman and medieval structures cover nearly 7.2 hectares (18 acres).

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Detailed Reading


4. Buckingham Palace

Buckingham Palace in Westminster is the official London residence of the British sovereign. Its interior, open to the public during August and September while the Queen is on holiday, contains many elegantly furnished apartments and a superb art collection. Funds raised from the summer visits go towards repairing Windsor Castle, damaged by fire in 1992. takes place outside Buckingham Palace.

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The Ceremony of the Changing of the Guard

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Detailed Reading


5.Trafalgar Square

Trafalgar Square in central London is one of the city's most popular sites. It is named for a famous naval battle of 1805 in which Admiral Horatio Nelson led the British fleet to victory. A statue of Nelson stands atop the tall column in the center of the square.

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Detailed Reading


6. The British Museum

British Museum, in London, is among the oldest of the world's great national museums. Many of its collections are among the finest in the world. The museum was founded in 1753 by an act of Parliament after Sir Hans Sloane, a British physician and botanist, willed his collections to the nation. The museum opened on Jan. 15, 1759, in Montagu House in London's West End. In 1847, a new building replaced Montagu House, and many additions have since been made. The British Museum attracts more than 4 million visitors a year.

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Detailed Reading


7. The National Gallery

The National Gallery in Trafalgar Square, London, houses the national collection of European paintings, comprising more than 2,000 pictures dating from the late 13th to the early 20th century. The pictures belong to the public and access to them is free, as it has been since the Gallery was first founded in 1824. The National Gallery has the most comprehensive collection of Italian Renaissance paintings outside Italy. The museum also has impressive collections of works by Rembrandt and other Dutch artists.

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Detailed Reading

Education in U. K.


1. British state schools

Old system – “eleven plus” examination Under the old system, children took an examination called the “eleven plus” at the age of eleven. If they passed this examination, they went to a grammar school (high school) and if they failed, they went to a secondary modern school.

Detailed Reading


New system – “streamed” & “unstreamed” school

Under the new system, there is no “eleven plus” examination, and the grammar schools and secondary modern schools have been replaced by large comprehensive schools. Some comprehensives are “streamed”; others are “unstreamed”. In a streamed school, pupils are placed into classes according to their ability. Children of high ability are in the “A” stream, those of lesser ability in the “B” stream and so on. In an unstreamed school, children of mixed ability are placed together in the classes.

Detailed Reading


2. Some famous universities in Britain

Oxford UniversityThe United Kingdom’s oldest institution of higher learning, Oxford University, is a federation of 35 colleges, each with its own structure and activities. Many prominent people have attended All Souls College, shown here.

Cambridge UniversityFounded in the 13th century, Cambridge University is one of the oldest educational institutions in Europe and one of the most prestigious universities in the world. Among its many distinguished graduates are Charles Darwin, John Maynard Keynes, Oliver Cromwell and John Milton.

Detailed Reading

Questions and Answers


1. What jobs do you think are the best ones nowadays? Why? 2. Where would you like to find a job after you graduate from school, in a big city or

in a small town? Why?3. At present, some undergraduates fail to find a job immediately after graduation.

If you were one of them, what would you do then?4. There still exists sexual discrimination against the female in job market in China.

What’s your opinion on it?

Detailed Reading

1. Part Division of the Text

2. Rearrange the Order of the Pictures

3. Further Understanding


For Part 1 True or False

For Part 2 Complete the Missing Information of the Story

For Part 3 Discussion

4. Words Scanning

Detailed Reading

Part Division of the Text


Main Ideas

the most important reason why he refused the job

his disappointing experience to find the job

the reason why the young man wanted to find a job

Parts

1

2

3

Lines

50 — 51

8 — 49

1 — 7

Rearrange the Order of the Pictures


3______ 2______

5______

1______ 4______


True or False

The young man got some information about a job in a London newspaper.

The story doesn’t tell us.

F ( )1.

The young man was a college student wanting to find a part-time job.2.

In Britain, a degree and working experience are very important in job hunting.3.

T ( )

He was waiting to enter university.

F ( )

The young man applied for a job as a teacher because he liked the job.4. Because he was short of money and wanted to do something useful.

F ( )

When the young man applied for the job, he didn’t feel confident.5.

T ( )

Detailed Reading

Complete the Missing Information of the Story


1. Three days later, the young man was .2. The journey to the school .3. The young man was so worn out that he .4. The school and the headmaster .5. After being asked some questions, the young man felt .6. The young man was supposed to teach twenty-four boys .7. For such demanding work, the young man’s salary was .

asked to show up for an interview___________________________proved to be long and awkward___________________________

didn’t even feel nervous____________________didn’t appear attracting____________________

impression on himdidn’t make a favorable

___________________________________

he and the headmaster had little in common

____________________________________

in turn at three different levels

__________________________

only ￡ 12 a week ______________

Detailed Reading


In answering this question, you can consider the following aspects: 1) What kind of person is the young man? (Useful expressions: male is superior to female; work hard and endure hardships / be hard- working and unafraid of hardships ） 2) What kinds of things should we pay attention to in hunting a job? (Useful expressions: salary; working conditions; interpersonal relationships; the opportunity for promotion; give full play to one’s talent / bring a person’s talent into full play; stability of the job)

Discussion

1. Did the young man accept the job? Why or why not?

No, he didn’t. There were two reasons. The first reason was that the teaching set-up was too heavy. The second and the more important one is that he didn’t want to be an inferior to a woman.

2. What can you infer from the end of the story?

TIP

Detailed Reading


Words Scanning

awkward journey; too depressed to feel nervous; struggle to survive ; short and fat; with an air of surprised disapproval; as a colonel might look at a private whose bootlace were undone; The narrow, sunless hall smelled unpleasantly of stale cabbage; then fixing me suddenly with his bloodshot eyes; He grunted...; I was dismayed at…; Worse perhaps was the idea…; Before I could protest… ; This was the last straw…; the prospect of working under a woman constituted the ultimate indignity.

Find out the words showing Michael’s disappointment before and during the interview.

Detailed Reading

Trying to make some money before entering university, the author applies for a teaching job. But the interview goes from bad to worse ...



SentenceSentence WordWord

While I was waiting to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived. Being very short of money and wanting to do something useful, I applied, fearing as I did so, that without a degree and with no experience in teaching my chances of getting the job were slim.

However, three days later a letter arrived, asking me to go to Croydon for an interview. It proved an awkward journey: a train to Croydon station; a ten-minute bus ride and then a walk of at least a quarter of a mile. As a result I arrived on a hot June morning too depressed to feel nervous.

My First JobRobert Best

Detailed Reading


The school was a red brick house with big windows. The front garden was a gravel square; four evergreen shrubs stood at each corner, where they struggled to survive the dust and fumes from a busy main road.

It was clearly the headmaster himself that opened the door. He was short and fat. He had a sandy-coloured moustache, a wrinkled forehead and hardly any hair.

Detailed Reading



He looked at me with an air of surprised disapproval, as a colonel might look at a private whose bootlaces were undone. ‘Ah yes,’ he grunted. ‘You’d better come inside.’ The narrow, sunless hall smelled unpleasantly of stale cabbage; the walls were dirty with ink marks; it was all silent. His study, judging by the crumbs on the carpet, was also his dining-room. ‘You’d better sit down,’ he said, and proceeded to ask me a number of questions: what subjects I had taken in my General School Certificate; how old I was; what games I played; then fixing me suddenly with his bloodshot eyes, he asked me whether I thought games were a vital part of a boy’s education. I mumbled something about not attaching too much importance to them. He grunted. I had said the wrong thing. The headmaster and I obviously had very little in common.

Detailed Reading



The school, he said, consisted of one class of twenty-four boys, ranging in age from seven to thirteen. I should have to teach all subjects except art, which he taught himself. Football and cricket were played in the Park, a mile away on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons.

The teaching set-up filled me with fear. I should have to divide the class into three groups and teach them in turn at three different levels; and I was

dismayed at the thought of teaching algebra and geometry — two subjects at which I had been completely incompetent at school. Worse perhaps was the idea

of Saturday afternoon cricket; most of my friends would be enjoying leisure at that time.

Detailed Reading



I said shyly, ‘What would my salary be?’ ‘Twelve pounds a week plus lunch.’ Before I could protest, he got to his feet. ‘Now’, he said, ‘you’d better meet my wife. She’s the one who really runs this school.’

This was the last straw. I was very young: the prospect of working under a woman constituted the ultimate indignity.

Detailed Reading







1. What is the object of “saw”?

The object of “saw” is “a teaching post”.

2. Why does the author write in this way?

Because the object has a lengthy modifier, it needs to be postponed in order that the whole sentence has “end weight”.

More example:

We heard from his own lips the story of how he had been caught in a trap for days without food.

Detailed Reading







1. Is “that-clause” in this sentence the object of “applied” or “fearing”?

“That-clause” is the object of “fearing”.

2. What does “did so” refer to and why does the author use in this way?

“did so” refers to “applied”. The author writes in this way to avoid repeating the main verb. Usually “do so” is used to refer to the same action, with the same subject that was mentioned before.

More example:

Tom promised to get the tickets, and he will do so without fail by tomorrow.

Detailed Reading







What’s the meaning of “awkward” in this sentence?

It means “not convenient” or “difficult”.

Detailed Reading







What can we infer from this sentence?The journey from his home to the school was very bad.

Detailed Reading




1. What does the last word “them” refers to?

It refer to “games”.

2. Translate this sentence into Chinese.

我含含糊糊地说了一些不必太重视游戏之类的话。

Detailed Reading







Translate the sentence into Chinese.

整个教学计划把我吓坏了。

Detailed Reading







Why does the author use “at” before “which-clause”?

It has something to do with the word “incompetent”. Usually we use “be (in)competent at / in sth.”. According to the grammar, we can put a preposition before “wh-clause”.

More example:

The problem about which I consulted you has now been solved.I have no information about what he specialized in.

He is clever and quick at his work, for which he is honored with the title of a model worker.

Detailed Reading







Paraphrase this sentence.

The idea of Saturday afternoon cricket was perhaps worse for at that time most of my friends would be free.

Detailed Reading




Translate this sentence into Chinese.

还没等我提出异议，他已经站了起来。


Detailed Reading





1. Paraphrase this sentence.

This was really the worse coming to the worst and too much to put up with.

More example:

Then when he asked me for money, which was the last straw, I told him to get out.

2. What can we learn from this sentence?

It shows that the young man had not been satisfied with what the headmaster told him before he learned that headmaster’s wife was his boss. By the way, the phrase “the last straw” comes from a proverb: It is the last straw that breaks the camel's back. ( 最后添加的一根稻草压断了骆驼的脊背。 )

The hotel was expensive, the food poor, and bad weather was the last straw.

Detailed Reading






Detailed Reading






advertise: v.

They no longer advertise alcohol or cigarettes at sporting events.

SS

1) make known to people by means of mass media

Many companies will only advertise in the Sunday paper.SS

2) ask (for someone or something) by placing an advertisement in a newspaper, shop window, etc.

我们应该登广告招人来照料花园。SS

We should advertise for someone to look after the garden.

TT

I see they're advertising for a new Sales Director.SS






local: adj.

Next day my picture was on the local newspaper.SS

1) of a place or district

2) affecting a part, not the whole

The tooth was removed under local anesthetic ( 局部麻醉 ).SS






post: n.

1) job or position

SS He was offered the post of ambassador to Indian.

SS Your letter must have got lost in the post.

2) the official system for carrying letters, parcels, etc. from one place to another

SS 她受聘在新政府中任职 .

SS The winners will be notified by post.

She was offered a post in the new government.TT






Collocation: abandon one’s post 放弃职位

apply for a post 申请职位

desert one’s post 擅离职守

fill successively the posts of 历任…等职

hold a post / take up one’s post 担任某职

quit one’s post 离 / 辞职

seek a post 求职

by post 邮寄

teaching post 教师岗位

free post 免费邮件

parcel post 邮包






(be) short of:

I was short of money, so George lent me $20.

SS

not having enough of, in want of

It seems that the young man is short of teaching experience.

SS

看起来这个年轻人缺乏教学经验。TT





My First JobRobert Bestapply:

1. vi.1) write or ask for (a job, membership, etc.) officially

SS Last week John applied to that famous university for a job.

SS The rules of safe driving apply to everyone.

2) be relevant in the situation; concern

Pattern:apply to + n. (pron.); apply to-v.; apply for sth.; apply to sb. for sth.






2. vt. 1) use or put into use

SS We should apply a theory to practice.

2) devote (oneself or one's efforts) to something

自从上学期考试不及格以来，我一直专心于我的学习。SS

I have applied myself to my studies since I failed to pass the exam last semester.

TT

apply 指将理论或规则应用于实践。

CF: apply, use, employ & utilize这些动词均含“使用，应用”之意。

use 普通用词，着重为达到某一目的而利用某人或某物。

employ 强调为特别的目的对事物、时间、权利等的使用。

utilize 指通过改变的方式使某物有用。





My First JobRobert BestDirections: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the

form where necessary.

1. The report examines teaching methods in the classroom.

2. The old fire station could be as a theater. 3. New technology is being to almost every

industrial process. 4. Are we allowed to a dictionary in the test? 5. When we say that everyone is equal before the law, we

mean that the law to everyone.

employed_______

utilized_____applied_____

use___

applies_____





My First JobRobert Best interview:

1. n. 1) meeting between employers and applicants for posts

SS It’s a common practice nowadays to go for an interview before a college graduate gets a job.

SS An interview with reporters was arranged for the Prime Minister to defend his new policy.

2) meeting with sb. for discussion, conference, etc.

2. vt. have or obtain an interview with

SS He interviewed all the applicants one by one. SS At the end of the race the winner was interviewed by NBC

news.






Collocation: give an interview to sb. 接见某人

have an interview with sb. 会见某人

request an interview with sb. 请求会见某人

seek an interview with 请求与…会见

job interviews ( 对申请工作者的 ) 面试





My First JobRobert Best prove: v. turn out to be (true)

SS He proved a very useful friend.

事实证明人民的创造力是无穷的。SS

Facts have proved that the creative power of the people knows no limits.

TT

Pattern: prove + n.; prove + adj.; prove to be...; prove + that-clause; prove to sb. + that-clause; prove of






depress: vt.

SS I was depressed after reading so much depressing news. 他很沮丧，因为他没有通过考试。SS

TT He was depressed because he had not passed his examinations.

Detailed Reading

1) make sad; discourage

2) press, push or pull down

SS If you depress the button there, a robot will come out to serve tea.

3) make lower

SS The new highway depressed business along the old road.

SS The OPEC countries depressed their oil output a month ago.






depress意为“使某人忧愁（沮丧、消沉）”，还可指“贸易萧条”，可表示由外界原因引起的较长时间的悲哀。例如：

CF: depress, discourage & sadden这些动词都有“使不高兴”、“使失望”之意。

discourage 指“使泄气”、“沮丧”。也可指“使阻碍”、“使沮丧”，指试图挫伤某人的热情、减弱其意志或压制其行为。例如：

sadden 意为“使沮丧”、“忧愁”，较为常用。例如：

SS A rise in oil prices depresses the car market.

油价上涨导致汽车市场不景气。TT

SS Don't discourage her; she's doing her best.

别泄她的气 , 她正尽力做呢。TT

SS He saddened at the memory of her death.

他一想到她的死就很难过。TT




disapproval: n. unfavorable opinion or feeling; dislike

SS The lady looked at the man with disapproval.

Detailed Reading

SS 你的同学谈到你的行为时都是不赞成的。

Your classmates spoke with disapproval of your behavior.TT

SS The old man shakes his head in disapproval.




undo: vt.

SS Let me help you undo the buttons on that jacket.

1) unfasten (what is tied or wrapped); untie

SS What is done cannot be undone.

2) cancel; bring back the state of affairs that existed before

Detailed Reading

SS The new President undid many rules set up by the former President.




smell of: give out the smell or scent of

SS There is a smell of fried chicken in this room.

Detailed Reading

SS 空气中充满了鲜花的香味。

The air was filled with the smell of flowers.TT




stale : adj.

SS Don’t eat those stale biscuits.

TT Running water never gets stale.

SS 流水不腐。

Detailed Reading

1) not fresh

2) no longer interesting or exciting

SS What you heard about Tom is quite stale.

Collocation: feel / get stale 对…没兴趣

go stale 变得不新鲜

stale joke 陈旧的笑话

stale beer 走气啤酒

stale news 过时消息

stale check 过期支票

stale debt 失时效债务




judge by / from: base one's opinion of (sth.) on (sth.); form an opinion based on (sth.); form an opinion about SS He was extremely attractive, judging by the

newspaper photograph.

TT Judging from what you say in your letter, you don't sound well.

Detailed Reading

SS 根据你来信中所说的情况判断，你过得不太好。

SS A man should be judged by his deed, not his words.




vital: adj.

SS These measures are vital to national security.

Detailed Reading

SS Water is of vital necessity in the desert.

1) of the greatest importance

2) full of life or energy

SS Young girls easily fall in love with the vital and handsome film star.

SS 她是个精力旺盛的人。 TT She's a very vital sort of person.




attach: vt.

SS Our teacher attaches much importance to listening comprehension and speaking.

Detailed Reading

SS 我们要把发展经济的工作放在第一位。

1) consider sth. to be important or significant; treat as important

2) fasten (to), fix, nail

SS Attach a recent photograph to your application form.

TT We should attach primary importance to the development of economy.

Collocation: attach oneself to 依附 ; 参加 (党派等 ); 热爱 , 依恋

attach to 认为有 ( 重要性、意义等 ); 归因于 , 适用于

…attached, please find [书信用语 ]附上…请查收

be attached to 连在…上 , 附属于 ; 热爱 , 依恋




have ... in common (with): share together or equally (with)

Detailed Reading

SS We like the same things. I think we have a lot in common.

SS Though they are twins, they have few interests in common.

Pattern: have much (nothing, a lot, plenty, everything, little, etc.) in common







consist: vi.

Detailed Reading

SS The cake consists mainly of sugar, flour and butter.

SS His job consists of helping old people who live alone.

1) be made up of

2) have as the chief element

SS 快乐在于满足于一个人所拥有的东西。TT Happiness consists in being contented with what one has.

SS The beauty of the artist's style consists in its simplicity. 3) be compatible; accord

SS The information consists with her account.

consist 与 of 连用，指一个整体由几个部分组成，或由某些材料构成。例如：

CF: consist, compose, comprise & constitute这些动词均含“组成，构成”之意。

SS New York City consists of five boroughs.

纽约市由五个行政区组成。TT







compose 正式用词，多用被动态。指将两个或两个以上的人或物放到一起形成一个整体。例如：

SS Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.

水是由氢和氧组合而成的。TT

comprise 正式用词，指整体是由几个独立的部分所组成。例如：SS The city’s population is largely comprised of Asians and

Europeans.

城市的居民主要由亚洲人和欧洲人组成。TT

constitute正式用词，指由某些部分组成一个整体或构成某物的基本成分。在句中，主语表示事物的组成部分，宾语表示事物的整体。例如：

SS The committee is constituted of members of all three parties.

委员会由三个政党的所有成员组成。TT







range from… to: vary from … to; vary between certain limits

Detailed Reading

SS Today the temperature ranges from 24 to 30 . ℃ ℃

SS 我班学生的年龄在 17至 20岁之间。TT The ages of the students in my class range from

seventeen to twenty.







in turn: one after another, in succession, in order

Detailed Reading

SS I will talk to you all in turn.

SS 理论的基础是实践，又转过来为实践服务。TT Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.







competent: adj. good enough at doing sth., skillful

Detailed Reading

SS She is competent for her work.

SS Is he competent as an accountant?

NB competent 的反义词是 incompetent ，意为“无能力的，不能胜任的”。例如：

SS Mary is competent in her field.

Pattern: be competent for sth.(doing sth.); be competent + to v.; be competent as sth.; be competent at / in sth.

SS He is an incompetent candidate.他是一个不合格的候选人。TT

SS He was dismissed for incompetence. 他因不称职而遭辞退。TT

又如：







able 最常用词，多用于褒义，着重指多方面的，经常性的，或潜在性的能力。有时也指高超、非凡的能力。

CF: competent, able & capable这几个词均含有“有能力的，能干的”之意。

capable 语气弱于 able ，指有能力、有潜力或有条件做某事，常与 of 连用。

competent 强调具有能胜任某项工作的技能或其他所需的条件。

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.

1. A mechanic should be able to fix the problem. 2. She was widely regarded as one of the most members of the president's staff. 3. He is of running a mile in four minutes. 4. He's not to look after young children.

competent_______able___

competent_______capable_____







leisure: n. free time; time at one’s own disposal

Detailed Reading

SS 你空闲时间做些什么？

SS Your standard of living not only depends on your income, but also on the amount of leisure you enjoy.

TT What do you do in your leisure time?

Collocation: at leisure 有空 , 闲着无事 ; 从从容容地

at one's leisure 空闲的时候 ; 方便时

wait sb.'s leisure 等待某人有空时





salary: n. fixed (usually monthly) pay for regular work

Detailed Reading

SS He gets a good salary, but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back.

SS 医生的薪水应该高些吗 ?

TT Should doctors' salaries be higher?

Collocation: draw / get / receive one's salary 领取薪水boost / raise salaries 增加薪水cut / reduce / slash salaries 减少薪水live beyond salary 入不敷出

salary指按年定下，按月或星期平均给予的报酬，指脑力劳动者的薪水。

CF: salary, wage ， pay & fees这些名词都可表示“工资、收入”之意。

wage 多用复数形式，指按小时、日或星期的报酬，通常指体力劳动者的工资。

pay 是个通用词，可取代 salary 与 wage 。fee 指提供某种服务收取的固定费用。





Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.

1. Tax and insurance are deducted from your . 2. Teachers, government officials and clerks

receive .3. School are high in that country. 4. He doesn't like the job, but the is good.

salaries_____wages____

pay___fees____





protest:

Detailed Reading

1. vi. express strong objection (often used together with against, at, about )

SS He protested to the boss that he was overworked.

SS The tourists protested about the bad service at the restaurant.

2. n. statement of objectionSS Steel workers made / lodged / entered a protest against

wage reduction.

SS The delegate walked out of the conference room in protest of the proposal.

Collocation: enter / lodge / make a protest 提出抗议under protest 被迫地 ; 持异议地 ; 抗议地

without protest 乖乖地 ; 心甘情愿地 ; 毫无反对表示地protest against 抗议 , 反对 , 对…表示不满





prospect: n.

Detailed Reading

SS There’s little prospect of employment, I’m afraid.

SS 史密斯先生被选为议员的希望不大。

TT There's not much prospect of Mr Smith's being elected as Congressman.

prospect 与 outlook 的含义相近，但侧重对成功、利润和舒适生活等方面的期待。例如：

CF: prospect, outlook, expectation & hope 这几个词都有“期望，指望”之意。

1) sth. expected or considered probable; possibility

2) chances of future successSS He has great prospects before him.

SS There are bright prospects for you if you accept the position.

SS I see little prospect of an improvement in his condition.

我看他的情况没有什么改进的希望。TT





outlook 多指根据征兆或分析对要发生的事情的愿望或预料。例如：

expectation 指期待某事发生或假设某事能发生，多含揣想的意味。例如：

hope 通常指建立在愿望基础上的期待。这种期待有可能发生或实现，但也可能相反。例如：

SS The economic outlook is bright.

SS He has little expectation of winning a prize.

经济前景非常光明。 TT

他对获奖不抱什么希望。TT

SS All of us cherish a hope that he will recover.

我们都希望他会恢复健康。TT





constitute: vt. form; make up

Detailed Reading

SS 七天构成一星期。

TT Seven days constitute a week.

SS Nine planets constitute the solar system.

■





ultimate: adj. greatest; utmost; last or final

Detailed Reading

SS The sun is the ultimate source of power.

SS 成为总统是他最终的目标。TT Becoming president is his ultimate

goal.

ultimate 较正式用词，强调已到了极限。

CF: ultimate, final & last, 这三个词均有“最终的，最后的”之意。

final 指到达终点，多含果断、明确或最后终结的强烈意味。

last 指一系列事物的最后一个，可表示次序、顺序或时间。


1. Useful Expressions

2. Dictation

3. Role Play

4. Giving Synonyms or Antonyms

5. Sentence Translation

6. Writing Practice

7. Retelling the Story

8. Talking About the Pictures

9. Proverbs and Quotations

Detailed Reading

申请

地方报纸

教师职位

在…郊区

手头拮据

做…的可能性很小

结果

太沮丧以至于不感到紧张

apply for

local newspaper

teaching post

in a suburb of

be short of money

the chance of doing sth. is slim

as a result

too depressed to feel nervous


挣扎着活下来 struggle to survive

繁忙的大街 busy main road

布满皱纹的前额 a wrinkled forehead

Detailed Reading

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

不以为然的神态

散发出气味

根据…判断

… 的极为重要的组成部分

重视…

没有多少共同语言

从…到…不等

with an air of disapproval

smell of

judging by

a vital part of

attach much importance to

have very little in common

range from … to …


教学计划

轮流做…

teaching set-up

do sth. in turn

享受闲暇之乐

终于使人不能忍受的最后一击

enjoy leisure

the last straw

Detailed Reading

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

Dictation


A young man saw a teaching post in a . He , fearing that without a and with in teaching, his chances of getting the job were .

, he got an answer, asking him to . However, the interview made him feel everything was

: school conditions, , the teachers, the , etc. is the woman, who really ran the school. He didn’t

local newspaper______________ applied for it__________degree______ no experience____________slim____

To his surprise_____________ go for an interview________________inferior to what he had

expected ___________________

________ teaching set-up_____________ salary_________The last straw___________ accept the post_____________

at last.

■

Detailed Reading

Role Play

Directions: This story can be performed in groups. Student A, B, C, … act as Michael, Michael’s parents, headmaster, headmaster’s wife and so on. The first episode (幕 ) takes place in Michael’s family where Michael tells his parents his plan to apply for the position in the school. The second episode takes place in the headmaster’s study.


Giving Synonyms or Antonyms


Original Word Synonym Antonym

apply appeal, ask for

interview meeting, oral examination

local national, regional

slim fat, strong

depress discourage, dishearten, upset cheer, encourage

disapproval dislike, criticism, displeasure,objection, dissatisfaction

approval, approbation

undo loosen, loose, open, reveal,unlock, unfasten, unwind

fasten, tie

stale decayed, dry, hard, old, tasteless crisp, fresh

Detailed Reading

lean, slender, thin



vital basic, critical, decisive, essential, fundamental, important, necessary

inessential, unimportant

obviously certainly, clearly, evidently, plainly

incompetent incapable, ineffective, inexpert, stupid, unable, unfit, unskillful, useless

able, competent

leisure ease, freedom, recreation, relaxation, spare time, vacation

work, toil

salary earnings, income, pay, stipend, wages

Detailed Reading



protest complain, object, disapprove, oppose

accept

prospect chance, expectation, future, hope, likelihood, possibility, probability

unlikelihood

ultimate conclusive, eventual, extreme, final, greatest, highest, last, perfect, supreme, utmost

constitute account for, compose, comprise, establish, form, make up

Detailed Reading


3. 我只好将结剪了，因为我解不开。

I had to cut the knot because I couldn’t undo it.

5. Alaska 是美利坚合众国 50 个州中最大的一个州。

Alaska is the largest of the fifty states that constitute the USA.

1. 我们是一家小企业，所以我们只有能力在当地报刊刊登广告。

We are a small business so we can only afford to advertise in the local newspaper.

2. 我要去Manchester大学就我申请的课程进行面谈。

I’ve been asked to go for an interview for a course I applied for at Manchester University.

Sentence Translation

4. 我没有资格去判断（评价）这两位画家的相对优点（长处）。

I am not qualified to judge of the relative merits of the two painters.

Detailed Reading

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English.

A Brief Introduction1. Subordinating conjunction1) Subordinating conjunctions are the words which join together dependent clauses and independent clauses. Subordinators are usually a single word, but there are also a number of multi-word subordinators that function like a single subordinating conjunction. They can be classified according to their use in regard to time, cause and effect, opposition, or condition. See the following table.

Writing Practice -- Combining Sentences with Subordinating Conjunctions or Relative Pronouns



TIME CAUSE + EFFECT OPPOSITION CONDITION

after because although if

before since though unless

when now that even though only if

while as whereas whether or not

since in order that while even if

until so in case

Detailed Reading


2) The following are the examples to show how to join together dependent clauses and independent clauses with subordinating conjunctions. Remember, put a comma at the end of the adverbial phrase when it precedes the main clause.

SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION

SAMPLE SENTENCE

after We are going out to eat after we finish taking the test.

since Since we have lived in Atlanta, we have gone to every exhibit at the High Museum.

while While I was waiting in line for the Matisse Exhibit, I ate my lunch.

although Although the line was long and we waited over two hours, the exhibit was well worth it.

even if Even if you have already bought your ticket, you will still need to wait in line.

because I love Matisse's works because he uses color so brilliantly.

Detailed Reading


2. Relative pronoun 1) Relative pronouns are used to link one phrase or clause to another phrase or clause. The relative pronouns are "that," "which," "who," "whom," and “whose.”

The compounds "whichever," "whoever," and "whomever" are also relative pronouns.

2) The following are the examples to show how to link one phrase or clause to another phrase or clause with relative pronouns.

Detailed Reading


RELATIVEPRONOUN

SAMPLE SENTENCE

that Jack is the boy that Jenny gave a gift to.

which Stratford is the town which Shakespeare was born in.

who The candidate who wins the greatest popular vote is not always elected.

whom I spent two hours talking to Kaz, whom I'd met only once before.

whose That's the man whose house has burned down.

whichever We'll eat at whichever restaurant has a free table.

whoever Whoever broke the window will have to replace it.

whomever You may invite whomever you like to the party.

Detailed Reading


3) You promise to behave yourself. You shall not go to the party this afternoon.

Unless you promise to behave yourself, you shall not go to the party this afternoon.

1) The ship could not move. There was no wind.

Since there was no wind, the ship could not move.

2) You should stay away from bears. They are dangerous.

You should stay away from bears, because they are dangerous.

Homework1. Combine two simple sentences into a complex sentence, using a subordinating

conjunction.

Detailed Reading


5) My wife was using the computer. I was trying to listen to a broadcast play.

While my wife was using the computer, I was trying to listen to a broadcast play.

4) She was no more than twenty-two. She was already a highly successful businesswoman.

Though she was no more than twenty-two, she was already a highly successful businesswoman.

Detailed Reading


3) That's the girl. Her mother is my English teacher.

That’s the girl whose mother is my English teacher.

4) The boy was a philosophy student. Peter shared a flat with this boy.

The boy whom Peter shared a flat with was a philosophy student.

1) Jake is the oldest student in the class. He is always more prepared than I am.

Jake, who is the oldest student in the class, is always more prepared than I am.

2) Renee has been spreading around that rumor. Everyone’s heard it.

Everyone’s heard the rumor that Renee’s been spreading around.

2. Combine two simple sentences into a complex sentence, using a relative pronoun.

5) We stayed in a hotel. The hotel was very expensive.

We stayed in a hotel which was very expensive.

Detailed Reading


Retelling the Story

Directions: Read the following story three times and then retell it in small groups. After that, say something else about Albert Einstein.

Albert EinsteinOne day the famous scientist Albert Einstein came across an old friend of

his in a street in New York.“Mr. Einstein.” Said the friend, “it seems that you need to have a new

overcoat. Look, how worn-out it is.”“It doesn’t matter,” answered Albert Einstein. “No one knows me here in

New York.”Several years later, they met in New York again. Einstein had become a

world-famous physicist by then, but he still wore the same old overcoat. Once more his friend tried to persuade him to buy a new one.

“There’s no need now,” said Einstein. “Everybody here knows me.”

Detailed Reading


Talking About the Pictures

Detailed Reading

Proverbs and Quotations

1 ． Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.

世上无难事，只怕有心人。2 ． Perseverance is vital to success.坚韧不拔为成功之本。

4 ． Without perseverance talent is a barren bed.

没有毅力，才能也是不毛之地。


5 ． Word by word the book is made.

书是一个字、一个字写出来的。6 ． Step after step the ladder is ascended.

必积跬步，方至千里。

3 ． Where there is a will, there is a way.

有志者，事竟成。

Detailed Reading

7 ． All that you do, do with your might; things done by halves are never done right.

— R. H. Stoddard, American poet

8. Great works are performed not by strength, but by perseverance.— Samuel Johnson, British writer and critic

做一切事都应尽力而为，半途而废永远不行。--- 美国诗人 R. H. 斯托达德

完成伟大的事业不在于体力，而在于坚韧不拔的毅力。 --- 英国作家和评论家 S. 约翰逊


10. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do.— Winston Churchill, British prime minister

不能爱哪行才干哪行，要干哪行爱哪行。 —— 英国首相温斯顿•邱吉尔


9. Man errs so long as he strives.— Johann Wolfgang Goethe, German poet and dramatist

人只要奋斗就会犯错误。—— 德国诗人、剧作家 J. W. 歌德

Detailed Reading

1. discussion 2. london a brief introduction to london some famous places of interest in london...

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